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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Reconfiguring Diversity in 19th Century Los Angeles: An Archaeological Analysis of the Los Angeles/Depot Hotel A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Lena G. Jaurequi December 2019 The thesis of Lena G. Jaurequi is approved: ___________________________________________________ ______________ Dr. Suzanne Scheld Date __________________________________________________ ______________ Dr. Christina Low von Mayrhauser Date ___________________________________________________ ______________ Dr. James E. Snead, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. James Snead for without him I would not have done a thesis and consequently, have found a deep appreciation and excitement for historical archaeology—his support since my first day at CSUN has been unwavering. Dr. Scheld for pushing me to look at the world in ways I have never seen before, for her contagious passion for cultural anthropology and her continuous encouragement for my success throughout this program. Dr. Von Mayrhauser, for listening to my ideas, being a supportive voice and keeping her door open for impromptu conversations that always left me in uplifted spirits. I would like to thank Dr. Snead for connecting me with Joanna Collier at the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Southern Service Center in San Diego. Thank you to Joanna and her colleagues for trusting me with this collection and the support and encouragement in studying it. I would also like to thank the City of Los Angeles, for being an inspirational metropolis that continues to foster diversity, equity and cultural heritage. I hope this work inspires our youth to continue to fight for these values and the importance of archaeological preservation. iii Dedication I would like to dedicate this paper to my very supportive family for always understanding what I want to do, why I want to do it, and helping me get there. You know who you are and I’m forever grateful. I would also like to dedicate this work to my late and dear friend, Danny Quiroz. iv Table of Contents Signature Page............................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... iii Dedication .................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents........................................................................................ vi List of Figures............................................................................................ vii List of Tables............................................................................................ viii Abstract....................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH CONTEXT.............................................................................4 RESEARCH PROBLEM.......................................................................4 RESEARCH CONTEXT...................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 3: SHIFTING IDENTITIES THROUGH A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE................................................................. 20 HOTELS IN 19TH CENTURY AMERICA......................................... 33 CHAPTER 4: THEORY............................................................................38 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH DESIGN........................................................43 CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH FINDINGS....................................................50 HISTORICAL RECORDS...................................................................50 ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL CULTURE...........................................60 CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION.....................................................................94 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH...................98 BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................100 APPENDIX A...........................................................................................106 APPENDIX B...........................................................................................143 v List of Figures Figure 1. The Los Angeles/Depot Hotel under construction in 1883..............................3 Figure 2. Aerial view of the region of research...............................................................4 Figure 3. Photograph of a water wheel............................................................................6 Figure 4. Railroad tracks of River Station.......................................................................8 Figure 5. Sanborn map, 1888...........................................................................................9 Figure 6. Sanborn map, 1894...... ..................................................................................10 Figure 7. View of LASHP from Broadway...................................................................13 Figure 8. St. Peter’s Italian Catholic Church, Pho Da Son Quan Am PO Tat Tu.........13 Figure 9. View of LASHP from Broadway...................................................................16 Figure 10. Northeast side of stepped footing of hotel...................................................18 Figure 11. La Plaza seen from the Pico House ca. 1869...............................................22 Figure 12. Pico House ca. 1875.....................................................................................27 Figure 13. El Palacio de Don Abel, adjacent to the plaza.............................................29 Figure 14. Portrait of Biddy Mason ca. 1870’s.............................................................33 Figure 15. Lodging establishments in Los Angeles, from 1885-1911..........................35 Figure 16. 1890 United States Census..........................................................................52 Figure 17. Advertisement in the 1886-87 Los Angeles Directory................................53 Figure 18. Distribution of country of birth makeup......................................................55 Figure 19. Distribution of European countries- birth....................................................56 Figure 20. Map depicting travel locations.....................................................................59 Figure 21. Aerial view of LASHP with listed features.................................................60 Figure 22. Feature artifact distribution .........................................................................61 Figure 23. Feature 17- west view .................................................................................62 Figure 24. Feature 17- distribution of artifacts..............................................................62 Figure 25. Feature 7- distribution of artifacts................................................................63 Figure 26. Feature 6 and Feature 6 Wetland cut- distribution of artifacts.....................64 Figure 27. Feature 6- distribution of artifacts ...............................................................64 Figure 28. Feature 6 Wetland cut- distribution of artifacts............................................65 Figure 29. Feature 9- distribution of artifacts................................................................65 Figure 30. Feature 9 with Sidewall................................................................................66 Figure 31. Distribution of bottles...................................................................................67 Figure 32. Distribution of the type of bottles.................................................................68 Figure 33. 1888 Sanborn map- close up of Depot Hotel................................................69 Figure 34. Syrup bottle fragment....................................................................................69 Figure 35. Barrel mustard bottle.....................................................................................69 Figure 36. Carters Ink bottle...........................................................................................69 Figure 37. Bottle stopper................................................................................................69 Figure 38. Hutchinson bottle stopper.............................................................................72 Figure 39. “T Bottle”......................................................................................................72 Figure 40. Soda Bottle from Los Angeles Soda Works.................................................73 Figure 41. Natural mineral water sherd with thick glass................................................73 Figure 42. Family picnic with recycled bottles...............................................................75 Figure 43. Complete bottle-Fredrick Heinz Glass Works...............................................77 Figure 44. JoJo Flask.......................................................................................................77 vi Figure 45. Dark green alcohol bottle..........................................................................78 Figure 46. Alcohol bottle........................................................... ................................78
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