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Guerrilla Y Población Civil Otros títulos de Memoria Histórica Guerrilla y Trujillo. Una tragedia que no cesa (2008) El Salado. Esa guerra no era nuestra (2009) población civil Autor memoria histórica (2009) trayectoria de las FARC El despojo de tierras y territorios. Aproximación conceptual (2009) 1949-2013 Memorias en tiempo de guerra. Repertorio de iniciativas (2009) Bojayá. La guerra sin límites (2010) La Rochela. Memorias de un crimen contra la justicia (2010) Foto portada: Guerrillero colombiano conocido con el alías Jacobo Arenas, Manuel Marulanda La tierra en disputa. Memorias del despojo y resistencias campesinas en la costa Caribe 1960 - 2010 (2010) Vélez, Jaime Guaraca, Alfonso Cano y Raúl Reyes (miembros de las Farc) en reunión con La masacre de Bahía Portete. Mujeres Wayuu en la mira (2010) la Comisión de Paz integrada por: Dr. Jhon Agudelo Ríos, Dr. César Goméz Estrada, Dr. Mujeres y guerra. Víctimas y resistentes en el Caribe Samuel Hoyos Arango, Rafael Rivas Posada, colombiano (2011) Margarita Vidal y Alberto Rojas Puyo. La Mujeres que hacen historia. Tierra, cuerpo y política en el Uribe (Meta), rma del acuerdo de paz con el Caribe colombiano (2011) gobierno de Belisario Betancur, 28 de marzo La huella invisible de la guerra. Desplazamiento forzado en la de 1984. Fotografía: Archivo EL TIEMPO. Comuna 13 (2011) San Carlos. Memorias del éxodo en la guerra (2011) Silenciar la democracia. Las masacres de Remedios y Segovia 1982 – 1997 (2011) El orden desarmado. La resistencia de la Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare (ATCC) (2011) Encuesta nacional ¿Qué piensan los colombianos después de siete años de justicia y paz? (2012) Nuestra vida ha sido nuestra lucha. Resistencia y memoria en el Cauca indígena (2012) El Placer. Mujeres, coca y guerra en el Bajo Putumayo (2012) Justicia y paz ¿ Verdad judicial o verdad histórica? (2012) trayectoria de las FARC 1949-2013 Justicia y paz. Los silencios y los olvidos de la verdad (2012) Tierras y territorios en las versiones de los paramilitares (2012) ISBN: 978-958-58167-7-0 Una verdad secuestrada. Cuarenta años de estadísticas de Guerrilla y población civil secuestro 1970 - 2010 (2013) INFORME DEL CENTRO NACIONAL DE MEMORIA HISTÓRICA erta y O d ¡Basta Ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad (2013) Lib d r en Una sociedad secuestrada (2013) INSTITUTO DE ESTIDIOS POLÍTICOS Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Guerrilla y población civil Trayectoria de las FARC 1949 -2013 Guerrilla y población civil. Centro Nacional de Memoria Trayectoria de las FARC Histórica 1949 - 2013 Gonzalo Sánchez Gómez Director General Director General Asesores de Dirección Centro Nacional De Memoria Andrés Fernando Suárez, María Histórica Emma Wills Obregón, Patricia Gonzalo Sánchez Gómez Linares Prieto, Paula Andrea Ila, Luz Amanda Granados Urrea, Doris Autor Yolanda Ramos Vega, César Augusto Mario Aguilera Peña Rincón Vicentes Investigadores asistentes Directores Técnicos William Mancera Lucía Vargas Martha Angélica Barrantes Reyes Dirección para la Construcción de la Memoria Histórica Consejo Directivo Centro Nacional De Memoria Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento Histórica Dirección Acuerdos de la Verdad Presidente Ana Margoth Guerrero de Otero Gabriel Vallejo Dirección de Archivos de Derechos Director Departamento para la Humanos Prosperidad Social Juan Carlos Posada González Mariana Garcés Dirección de Museo de la Memoria Ministra de Cultura Sonia Stella Romero Torres María Fernanda Campo Saavedra Dirección Administrativa y Ministra de Educación Nacional Financiera Alfonso Gómez Méndez Adriana Correa Mazuera Ministro de Justicia y del Derecho Coordinación Equipo de Comunicaciones Paula Gaviria Betancur Directora Unidad para la Atención UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE y Reparación Integral de las COLOMBIA Victimas Ignacio Mantilla Rector Félix Tomás Bata Jiménez Blanca Berta Rodríguez Peña Representantes de organizaciones INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS de víctimas POLITÍCOS Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES (IEPRI) Fabio López de la Roche Director Guerrilla y población civil. Trayectoria de las FARC 1949-2013 ISBN: 978-958-58167-7-0 Primera edición: Mario Aguilera Peña, bajo el título: LAS FARC: LA GUERRILLA CAMPESINA, 1949-2010, Arfo editores e impresores en noviembre de 2010. Gracias al apoyo de la Agencia Sueca de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (ASDI), la Organización Internacional Para las Migraciones (OIM), Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris y el Grupo de Memoria Histórica. Los contenidos no necesariamente reflejan las opiniones de Suecia, ni de la OIM. Segunda edición ampliada: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, noviembre de 2013. Realizada en el marco del convenio de cooperación entre el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (CNMH) y el Instituto de Estudios Políticos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (IEPRI). Tercera edición: mayo de 2014 Número de páginas: 400 Formato: 15x23cm Coordinación editorial: Tatiana Peláez Acevedo, Dirección para la Construcción de la Memoria Histórica Corrección de estilo: Ana Cecilia Calle, Ana María Carvajal, Francisco Thaine y Tania Intriago Diseño y diagramación: Andrea Leal Villarreal Georeferenciación: Julio Enrique Cortés Fotografía: Portada: Guerrillero colombiano conocido con el alías Jacobo Arenas, Manuel Marulanda Vélez, Jai- me Guaraca, Alfonso Cano y Raúl Reyes (miembros de las Farc) en reunión con la Comisión de Paz integrada por: Dr. Jhon Agudelo Ríos, Dr. César Goméz Estrada, Dr. Samuel Hoyos Arango, Rafael Rivas Posada, Margarita Vidal y Alberto Rojas Puyo. La Uribe (Meta), firma del acuerdo de paz con el gobierno de Belisario Betancur, 28 de marzo de 1984. Fotografía: Archivo EL TIEMPO. Fotos internas: Juan Arredondo, Presidencia de la República y revista Resistencia No. 108, octubre de 1990. Reproducciones: Álvaro Andrés Cardona Impresión: Imprenta Nacional de Colombia © Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica Carrera 6 Nº 35 – 29 PBX: (571) 796 5060 [email protected] www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co Bogotá D.C. – Colombia Impreso en Colombia. Printed in Colombia Queda hecho el depósito legal. Cómo citar: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Guerrilla y población civil. Trayectoria de las FARC 1949 -2013. Tercera edición. Bogotá: CNMH, 2014. Este informe es de carácter público. Puede ser reproducido, copiado, distribuido y divulgado siem- pre y cuando no se altere su contenido, se cite la fuente y/o en cualquier caso, se disponga la autorización del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica como titular de los derechos morales y patrimoniales de esta publicación. Contenido Prólogo ..........................................................................................11 Introducción .............................................................................. 17 Capítulo 1 PRIMER PERIODO: MARGINALIDAD GUERRILLERA CON LEGITIMIDAD SOCIAL, (1949-1978) ....................................... 29 1. El pasado no perdona: la violencia estatal y la autodefensa agraria ........................................................ 32 2. Las guerras de las autodefensas agrarias .................... 42 3. Las autodefensas por dentro: una estrategia de contrapoder ........................................................................ 55 4. Las farc y la marginalidad de los primeros años (1964-1978) .............................................................................. 63 5. Creciendo hombro a hombro con el Partido ................ 76 6. Las farc en las tierras prometidas ................................. 96 Capítulo 2 SEGUNDO PERIODO: DECISIONES DE GUERRA, UNIÓN PATRIÓTICA E INSERCIÓN EN ZONAS COCALERAS, (1978-1991) .................................................................................. 107 1. El plan estratégico de las farc y el surgimiento de una disidencia .....................................................................111 2. Las farc y el pc: ¿Pidiendo la paz y haciendo la guerra? ...........................................................................122 3. El aniquilamiento de la Unión Patriótica, las crisis de finales de los ochenta y el nuevo pacto constitucional ............................................................... 126 7 4. La guerra de las farc en los ochenta ........................... 143 5. Intercambios y relaciones de las farc con la población civil .................................................................... 155 5.1 Los inicios del control sobre zonas cocaleras y militarmente estratégicas ............................................... 156 5.2 El activismo electoral de las FARC, la apertura democrática y la creación de la UP ............................... 159 5.3 La expansión territorial y la creación de nuevos frentes guerrilleros .....................................................................163 5.4 Las fricciones entre las FARC y los poderes comunitarios ...................................................................164 Capitulo 3 Tercer periodo: consolidación miliTar, diálogos del caguán y declive políTico-miliTar, (1991-2008)..............................................................................173 1. La primera ofensiva hacia el “centro de despliegue”, la negociación en medio de la guerra y el naufragio del plan estratégico ..................................................... ....177 2. La política en manos del Secretariado ...................... 223 2.1 La consolidación de un imaginario Bolivariano ........ 226 2.2 Los principales desarrollos programáticos ................. 231 2.3 Los intentos por constituir un movimiento político clandestino
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