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Análisis Comparativo Acerca De Los Diferentes Roles De Las Filiales

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Análisis Comparativo Acerca De Los Diferentes Roles De Las Filiales UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA Y NEGOCIOS ESCUELA DE ECONOMÍA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO ACERCA DE LOS DIFERENTES ROLES DE LAS FILIALES FORÁNEAS DE EMPRESAS MULTINACIONALES CHILENAS Y SURCOREANAS Benchmaking a través de las diferencias organizacionales entre dos países ROBERTO JARAMILLO WONWOO LEE JINKYUNG RHO MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO COMERCIAL PROFESOR GUÍA: SR. ERICH SPENCER RUFF SANTIAGO DE CHILE SEPTIEMBRE 2013 AGRADECIMIENTOS La presente Tesis es el resultado de una colaboración en la cual, directa o indirectamente, participaron varias personas apoyando, leyendo, opinando, corrigiendo, teniéndonos paciencia, dando ánimo, acompañando en los momentos de crisis y en los momentos de felicidad. Agredecemos al Profesor Erich Spencer por haber confiado en nosotros dándonos oportunidad de trabajar con él, gracias por el apoyo, por los consejos, por la paciencia y por la dirección de este trabajo. A la Srta. Karina Pérez por su apoyo en todo el proceso de elaboración de la Tesis. También agradecemos a la Sra. Virginia Céspedes por el ánimo y su paciencia ante nuestra inconsistencia. Finalmente, agradecemos a nuestras familias por su presencia y por entender nuestras ausencias, darnos la oportunidad de poder realizar este trabajo. Gracias a su apoyo incondicional hemos podido terminar la Tesis. Gracias a todos. ii Tabla de contenido I. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................... 1 II. MARCO TEÓRICO................................................................................. 3 A. Conceptos generales asociados a los negocios y a su internacionalización ......................................................................................... 3 1. Gerencia .......................................................................................... 3 2. Gerente ........................................................................................... 5 3. Estructura Organizacional ............................................................... 8 4. Modelo de las Dimensiones Valóricas – Fons Trompenaars ........ 13 5. Modelo de las 5 dimensiones culturales – Geert Hofstede ........... 15 6. Empresa multinacional (EMN) ....................................................... 16 7. Motivos para la inversión extranjera .............................................. 22 B. Tipologías de roles estratégicos de filiales externas ....................... 23 1. White y Poynter (1984) .................................................................. 24 2. Bartlett y Ghoshal (1986) .............................................................. 26 3. Ghoshal y Nohria (1989) ............................................................... 28 4. Jarillo y Martínez (1990) ................................................................ 30 5. Gupta and Govindarajan (1991) ................................................... 31 iii 6. Roth and Morrison 1992 ................................................................ 33 7. Birkinshaw 1995 ............................................................................ 34 8. Taggart (1998) .............................................................................. 36 9. Lozano (2000) ............................................................................... 37 10. Benito y otros (2003) .................................................................. 39 11. Hogenbirk y Van Kranenburg (2006) ......................................... 41 12. Álvarez y Cantwell (2011) .......................................................... 43 III. DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE CADA PAÍS: CHILE Y COREA DEL SUR ............................................................................................................. 46 A. Ubicación ........................................................................................ 46 B. Población ........................................................................................ 48 C. Clima ............................................................................................... 49 D. Religión e Idioma ............................................................................ 50 E. Estructura de gobierno .................................................................... 50 F. Desempleo ...................................................................................... 51 G. PIB .................................................................................................. 52 H. Política y orientación a la exportación ............................................. 56 IV. DESCRIPCIÓN AMBIENTE INDUSTRIAL DE CHILE Y COREA DEL SUR ............................................................................................................. 61 iv A. Estructura del mercado laboral ....................................................... 61 1. Chile .............................................................................................. 62 2. Corea del Sur ................................................................................ 66 V. APLICACIÓN DE CONCEPTOS A LAS INDUSTRIAS Y EMPRESAS SELECCIONADAS ........................................................................................... 74 A. Criterios de selección de las industrias ........................................... 74 B. Aerolíneas ....................................................................................... 74 C. Retail ............................................................................................... 83 D. Navieras .......................................................................................... 93 E. Industria Alimenticia (pastas) ........................................................ 106 F. Industria Bebestible ....................................................................... 115 G. Industria Acero (Siderurgia) .......................................................... 124 H. Construcción e Inmobiliaria ........................................................... 133 VI. CONCLUSIONES............................................................................... 150 VII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................. 153 v Índice de Ilustraciones Ilustración 1: Tipos de gerencia ..................................................................................................... 4 Ilustración 2: Niveles gerenciales .................................................................................................. 6 Ilustración 3: Roles de filiales según White y Poynter ................................................................. 24 Ilustración 4: Roles de filiales según Bartlett y Ghoshal .............................................................. 27 Ilustración 5: Roles de filiales según Ghoshal y Nohria ............................................................... 29 Ilustración 6: Roles de filiales según Jarillo y Martínez ............................................................... 30 Ilustración 7: Roles de filiales según Gupta y Govindarajan ....................................................... 32 Ilustración 8: Roles de filiales según Roth y Morrison ................................................................. 33 Ilustración 9: Roles de filiales según Birkinshaw ......................................................................... 35 Ilustración 10: Roles de filiales según Taggart ............................................................................. 36 Ilustración 11: Roles de filiales según Lozano ............................................................................. 38 Ilustración 12: Roles de filiales según Benito y otros .................................................................. 40 Ilustración 13: Roles de filiales según Hogenbirk y Van Kranenburg .......................................... 42 Ilustración 14: Roles de filiales según Álvarez y Cantwell ........................................................... 43 Ilustración 15: Mapa geográfico de Chile ..................................................................................... 46 Ilustración 16: Mapa geográfico de Corea del Sur....................................................................... 47 Ilustración 17: Tasas de desempleo (ene-mar) años anteriores (%) ........................................... 52 Ilustración 18: Crecimiento GDP Corea ....................................................................................... 53 Ilustración 19: PIB Chile 2012 ...................................................................................................... 54 Ilustración 20: Comparación de GDP entre Corea y los países Sudamericanos ........................ 55 Ilustración 21: Sectores y Exportaciones Coreana año 2012 ...................................................... 57 Ilustración 22: Comparación PIB entre países ............................................................................. 60 Ilustración 23: Distribución puestos de trabajo subcontratados .................................................. 62 Ilustración 24: Distribución puestos de trabajo a honorarios ....................................................... 63 Ilustración 25: Distribución nivel de calificación de los puestos según sexo ............................... 64 Ilustración 26: Distribución nivel de calificación de los puestos según categoría ....................... 65 Ilustración 27: CEOs coreanos por grupo etario .......................................................................... 66 Ilustración
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