WILDLIFE of HART MOUNTAIN
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Predation by Gray Catbird on Brown Thrasher Eggs
March 2004 Notes 101 PREDATION BY GRAY CATBIRD ON BROWN THRASHER EGGS JAMES W. RIVERS* AND BRETT K. SANDERCOCK Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 (JWR) Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 (BKS) Present address of JWR: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 *Correspondent: [email protected] ABSTRACT The gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) has been documented visiting and breaking the eggs of arti®cial nests, but the implications of such observations are unclear because there is little cost in depredating an undefended nest. During the summer of 2001 at Konza Prairie Bio- logical Station, Kansas, we videotaped a gray catbird that broke and consumed at least 1 egg in a brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) nest. Our observation was consistent with egg predation because the catbird consumed the contents of the damaged egg after breaking it. The large difference in body mass suggests that a catbird (37 g) destroying eggs in a thrasher (69 g) nest might risk injury if caught in the act of predation and might explain why egg predation by catbirds has been poorly documented. Our observation indicated that the catbird should be considered as an egg predator of natural nests and that single-egg predation of songbird nests should not be attributed to egg removal by female brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) without additional evidence. RESUMEN El paÂjaro gato gris (Dumetella carolinensis) ha sido documentado visitando y rompien- do los huevos de nidos arti®ciales, pero las implicaciones de dichas observaciones no son claras porque hay poco costo por depredar un nido sin defensa. -
Mammals of the California Desert
MAMMALS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT William F. Laudenslayer, Jr. Karen Boyer Buckingham Theodore A. Rado INTRODUCTION I ,+! The desert lands of southern California (Figure 1) support a rich variety of wildlife, of which mammals comprise an important element. Of the 19 living orders of mammals known in the world i- *- loday, nine are represented in the California desert15. Ninety-seven mammal species are known to t ':i he in this area. The southwestern United States has a larger number of mammal subspecies than my other continental area of comparable size (Hall 1981). This high degree of subspeciation, which f I;, ; leads to the development of new species, seems to be due to the great variation in topography, , , elevation, temperature, soils, and isolation caused by natural barriers. The order Rodentia may be k., 2:' , considered the most successful of the mammalian taxa in the desert; it is represented by 48 species Lc - occupying a wide variety of habitats. Bats comprise the second largest contingent of species. Of the 97 mammal species, 48 are found throughout the desert; the remaining 49 occur peripherally, with many restricted to the bordering mountain ranges or the Colorado River Valley. Four of the 97 I ?$ are non-native, having been introduced into the California desert. These are the Virginia opossum, ' >% Rocky Mountain mule deer, horse, and burro. Table 1 lists the desert mammals and their range 1 ;>?-axurrence as well as their current status of endangerment as determined by the U.S. fish and $' Wildlife Service (USWS 1989, 1990) and the California Department of Fish and Game (Calif. -
Ecological Distribution of Sagebrush Voles, Lagurus Curtatus, in South-Central Washington Author(S): Thomas P
American Society of Mammalogists Ecological Distribution of Sagebrush Voles, Lagurus curtatus, in South-Central Washington Author(s): Thomas P. O'Farrell Source: Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Aug., 1972), pp. 632-636 Published by: American Society of Mammalogists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1379063 . Accessed: 28/08/2013 16:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Society of Mammalogists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Mammalogy. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.193.8.24 on Wed, 28 Aug 2013 16:58:33 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 632 JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY Vol. 53, No. 3 curved needle. After perfusion with penicillin G, the second incision was closed. The base of the plug was slipped into the first incision and sutured to the lumbodorsal fascia with 5-0 Mersilene (Ethicon). After perfusion around the plug with penicillin G, the skin was sutured around the narrow neck of the plug and the incision was dusted with antibiotic powder. The bat could be lifted by the plug with no apparent discomfort and no distortion of the skin or damage to the electrodes. -
Factors Affecting Feeding and Brooding of Brown Thrasher Nestlings.-The Nest- Ling Period Is a Particularly Stressful Time in the Lives of Birds
GENERAL NOTES 297 wind. An adult California Gull (Larus c&ornicus) was flying east 5 m above the water, 50 m from the shore, close to 150 Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) that were foraging low over the water. One swallow, heading west, passed 1 m below the gull, which dropped suddenly and caught the swallow with its bill, glided for a few meters and settled on the water. The gull proceeded to manipulate the swallow in its bill for 30 set before swallowing the still moving bird head first. The gull sat on the water for 20 min, then continued its flight to the east. Most reports of adult birds being taken by gulls have occurred while the prey were on land or water, e.g., Manx Shearwater (Puffi nus &&us) and Common Puffins (Fratercula arctica) in nesting colonies as they go to and from their burrows (Harris 1965), sick or injured birds up to the size of geese (Witherby 1948), Rock Doves (Columba &via) (Jyrkkanen 1975) and Eurasian Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Drost 1958) at grain piles and ground-dwelling birds which associate with gulls (e.g., Witherby 1948). Gull predation of adult birds on water is much rarer but does occur (Hafft, Condor 73:253, 1971). Attacks and capture of avian prey on the wing has rarely been reported and generally occurs over sea on migration (Drost 1958). Bannerman (1962) reports Herring Gulls (L. argentatus) capturing and eating Redwings (Turdus musicus) and Eurasian Blackbirds (2.’ merula) as they migrate over water by knocking the weary birds into the water. -
Bears in Oklahoma
April 2010 Bears in Oklahoma Our speaker for the April 19 meeting of the Oklahoma City Audubon Society will be Jeremy Dixon, wildlife biologist at the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. His presentation is titled “The Strange But True History of Bears in Oklahoma.” For many years Jeremy was a biologist in Florida where he studied the interactions between black bears and humans. His master’s research was on the Conservation Genetics of the Florida Black Bear. Jeremy moved to Lawton in 2009 to experience life out here in the middle of the continent. Our grass prairie and ancient granite mountains are a new living environment for him. However, the black bears are coming back across Oklahoma from the east presenting birders an experience with a new and large predator to which we are unaccustomed. With an education from Jeremy, hopefully we can learn how to watch the birds while not feeding the bears ourselves. Come out for bear-hugging good time at bird club and bring a friend. County Birding: Kingfisher Jimmy Woodard On March 11, the group of 7 birders entered Kingfisher County in the far southeast corner. We located several small lakes with waterfowl: Canada Geese, Gadwall, Mallard, Green- Winged Teal and Ruddy Duck. We also found an adult Bald Eagle, the first of two found during the trip. Driving the back roads, we observed Great Horned Owl, Phoebe, King- fisher, and a bunch of sparrows – Harris, White Crowned, Song, Savannah, & Lincoln’s. We visited fields along the Cimarron River southeast of Dover. Carla Brueggen & her hus- band lease fields in this area. -
Birds of Perry County Contact Us the Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest Is Open 8-4:30 Monday Through Friday to Serve Visitors
Birds of Perry County Contact Us The Tell City Ranger District of the Hoosier National Forest is open 8-4:30 Monday through Friday to serve visitors. Tell City Ranger District 248 15th Street Tell City, IN 47586 812-547-7051 Federal relay system for the deaf and hearing impaired: 1-800-877-8339 website: www.fs.usda.gov/hoosier Great Bllue Heron Tufted Titmouse __________________________ vV USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. America’s Great Outdoors Last updated 11/2011 Forest Service United States Department of Agriculture The third and fourth columns are the genus and Using the Checklist species of the bird. The fifth column shows the The first column after the bird’s common name is bird’s status in Indiana as of 2009. (Available at http:// evidence of the bird’s breeding status in our area. www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/files/Birds_Of_Indiana.pdf) CO = Confirmed breeding evidence FC = Federal Candidate FE = Federal Endangered PR = Probable breeding evidence FT = Federal Threatened SC - State Special Concern PO = Possible breeding evidence SE = State Endangered X = Exotic/Introduced OB = Observed, no breeding evidence Bird abundance will vary seasonally, and often from This shows highest breeding evidence value from year-to-year as well. Actual abundance is often dis- published 1985-1990 breeding bird atlas data and tinct from detectability. Some species may be com- draft 2005-2010 atlas data. (Available at http://www. mon but secretive and only rarely seen. Others may pwrc.usgs.gov/bba/) be numerically sparse, yet highly -
Mammals – Columbia
Mammals – Columbia NWR Family Genus Species Common Name Soricidae vagrans Vagrant shrew Sorex (Shrews) merriami Merriam’s shrew Parastrellus hesperus Canyon bat Corynihinus townsendii Townsend’s big-eared bat Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat Antrozous pallidus Pallid bat Euderma maculatum Spotted bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat Vespertilionidae (Vesper bats) californicus California myotis ciliolabrum Western small-footed myotis evotis Long-eared myotis Myotis lucifugus Little brown myotis volans Long-legged myotis yumaensis Yuma myotis thysanodes Fringed myotis Lepus californicus Black-tailed jackrabbit Leporidae (Rabbits & hares) Sylvilagus nuttallii Nuttall’s cottontail Marmota flaviventris Yellow-bellied marmot Sciuridae (Squirrels) Urocitellus washingtoni Washington ground squirrel Castoridae (Beavers) Castor canadensis Beaver Geomidae (Pocket gophers) Thomomys talpoides Northern pocket gopher Perognathus parvus Great Basin pocket mouse Heteromyidae (Heteromyids) Dipodomys ordii Ord’s kangaroo rat Reithrodontomys megalotis Western harvest mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Deer mouse Onychomys leucogaster Northern grasshopper mouse Neotoma cinerea Bushy-tailed woodrat Cricetidae (Cricetids) montanus Montane vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow vole Lemmiscus curtatus Sagebrush vole Ondatra zibethica Muskrat Eutamias minimus Least chipmunk Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine Muridae (Old World mice) Rattus norvegicus Norway rat 1 Mammals – Columbia NWR Family Genus Species Common Name Mus musculus House mouse Canidae (Dogs & wolves) Canis latrans Coyote Procyonidae (Raccoons) Procyon lotor Raccoon frenata Long-tailed weasel Mustela vison Mink Mustelidae (Weasels) Lutra canadensis River otter Taxidea taxus Badger Mephitis mephitis Striped skunk Lynx rufus Bobcat Felidae (Cats) Felis concolor Mountain lion hemionus Mule deer Odocoileus Cervidae (Deer) virginianus White-tailed deer Cervus elaphus Rocky Mountain elk 2. -
Estimating the Energy Expenditure of Endotherms at the Species Level
Canadian Journal of Zoology Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level Journal: Canadian Journal of Zoology Manuscript ID cjz-2020-0035 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 17-Feb-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: McNab, Brian; University of Florida, Biology Is your manuscript invited for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue?: Draft arvicoline rodents, BMR, Anatidae, energy expenditure, endotherms, Keyword: Meliphagidae, Phyllostomidae © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 42 Canadian Journal of Zoology Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level Brian K. McNab B.K. McNab, Department of Biology, University of Florida 32611 Email for correspondence: [email protected] Telephone number: 1-352-392-1178 Fax number: 1-352-392-3704 The author has no conflict of interest Draft © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Zoology Page 2 of 42 McNab, B.K. Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level. Abstract The ability to account with precision for the quantitative variation in the basal rate of metabolism (BMR) at the species level is explored in four groups of endotherms, arvicoline rodents, ducks, melaphagid honeyeaters, and phyllostomid bats. An effective analysis requires the inclusion of the factors that distinguish species and their responses to the conditions they encounter in the environment. These factors are implemented by changes in body composition and are responsible for the non-conformity of species to a scaling curve. Two concerns may limit an analysis. The factors correlatedDraft with energy expenditure often correlate with each other, which usually prevents them from being included together in an analysis, thereby preventing a complete analysis, implying the presence of factors other than mass. -
12 GEO V 1921 No 57 Animals Protection and Game
12 GEO. V.] Animals Protection and Game. [1921, No. 57. 465 New Zealand. ANALYSIS. Title. PART IV. 1. Sbort Title and commencement. AC<JLDlATIZATION DIsTRICTS AND BOOIIIITIlIIS. S. Interpretation. 21. Acolimatization distriots. 22. ~ration of existing acclimatization looie· PART I. 23. Registration of societies formed after com· AlOMALII l'BOTBOTION. mencement of tbis Aot. 3. Certain animals to be absolutely protected. 24. Registered societies to be bodies oorporate. 4. PartiaJ protection of animals. 26. Alterations of rules to be approved by tbe 5. As to animals ceasing to be absolutely pro Minister. tected. 26. Annual balance-sheet, &0., to be forwarded to 6. Sanotuaries for imported and native game. Minister of Finance. 27. Wbere default made in forwarding balanoe 7. Land may be taken for sanotuaries, &c. sheet. 28. Vesting of animals in sooieti~. 29. Societies to notify Minister of imported PART IL animals tumed at large. Governor-General GAME. may vest in societies property in suoh animals. 8. Imported game and native ga.me. 9. Open seasons for imported and native game. PART V. O1fence to take or kill ga.me.during olose GENERAL. season. 30. Restriotion on importation, liberation, or 10. Notification as to oonditions on whioh open keeping of animals. Master, owner, &o.~ season deolared. of ship to prevent noxious reptiles or in- 11. No game to be trapped. Use of metal- sects from being landed in New Zealand. patched or metal-oased bullets unlawful. I Offenee. 12. Use of heavy guns unlawful. 31. Minister may authorize catching or taking of 13. Use of cylinders. silencers, and live decoys animals for certain purposes. -
Wildlife Ruby Lake Natillntllwildlife Refuge
I 49. 44/2: R 82/3/993 P RLE Wildlife Ruby lake NatillntllWildlife Refuge ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY UNIV. OF NEW MEXteo FEB 1 0 1994 U.S. Regional Depos1to A Refuge for Nesting and Migrating Waterfowl and Other Wildlife The Habitat Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge was established in The refuge, at an elevation of 6,000 feet, consists of an 1938. It encompasses 37,632 acres at the south end of extensive bulrush marsh interspersed with pockets of Ruby Valley. This land was once covered by a 200 foot open water. Fish are abundant. Islands scattered deep, 300,800-acre lake known as Franklin Lake. Today throughout provide good nesting habitat for many bird 12,000 acres of marsh remain on the refuge. Just north of species. the refuge, a 15,000-acre seasonal wetland is now referred to as Franklin Lake. Over 200 springs flow into the marsh along its west border _...)/ creating riparian habitat which is used by many songbirds, To Elko �� and Welle snipe, rail and small mammals. They also provide a water FRANKLIN source for larger mammals. With slight increases in LAKE elevation, wet meadows gradate into grasslands and sagebrush-rabbitbrush habitat. Pinon pines and juniper cover the slopes of the Ruby Mountains that rise to 11,000 feet along the west side of the refuge. Canyons provide habitat for a variety of wildlife. Rock cliffs provide raptors with nesting and perching sites. A mountainside of dead trees, home for ROAD cavity dwelling birds, was the result of a 1979 wildfire. BRESSMAN CABIN LOOP MAIN BOAT LANDING -4,__,,� ·�I! I N � 0 3 Miles 0 2 4 Kilometer� RANCH dead pinon tree General Key BIRDS bam ,wallow � Season 6 The following bird list includes 207 species observed on Sp - Spring (March through May) or near the refuge. -
Checklist: Birds of Andrew Molera State Park, Big Sur, California
Checklist: Birds of Andrew Molera State Park, Big Sur, California [ ] Red-throated Loon [ ] Cinnamon Teal [ ] * American Avocet [ ] ** Thick-billed Murre [ ] Pacific Loon [ ] * Northern Shoveler [ ] Greater Yellowlegs [ ] B Pigeon Guillemot [ ] Common Loon [ ] * Northern Pintail [ ] * Lesser Yellowlegs [ ] ** Marbled Murrelet [ ] Pied-billed Grebe [ ] Green-winged Teal [ ] * Solitary Sandpiper [ ] * Xantus' Murrelet [ ] Horned Grebe [ ] * Redhead [ ] Willet [ ] * Craveri's Murrelet [ ] Red-necked Grebe [ ] * Ring-necked Duck [ ] Wandering Tattler [ ] * Ancient Murrelet [ ] Eared Grebe [ ] * Greater Scaup [ ] Spotted Sandpiper [ ] Cassin's Auklet [ ] Western Grebe [ ] * Lesser Scaup [ ] Whimbrel [ ] Rhinoceros Auklet [ ] Clark's Grebe [ ] * Harlequin Duck [ ] * Long-billed Curlew [ ] * Tufted Puffin [ ] * Laysan Albatross [ ] Surf Scoter [ ] Marbled Godwit [ ] ** Horned Puffin [ ] Black-footed Albatross [ ] * White-winged Scoter [ ] * Ruddy Turnstone [ ] I Rock Dove [ ] Northern Fulmar [ ] * Black Scoter [ ] Black Turnstone [ ] B Band-tailed Pigeon [ ] Pink-footed Shearwater [ ] Common Goldeneye [ ] Surfbird [ ] ** White-winged Dove [ ] * Flesh-footed Shearwater [ ] * Barrow's Goldeneye [ ] * Red Knot [ ] B Mourning Dove [ ] Buller's Shearwater [ ] * Hooded Merganser [ ] Sanderling [ ] ** Common Ground-Dove [ ] Sooty Shearwater [ ] B Common Merganser [ ] Western Sandpiper [ ] ** Black-billed Cuckoo [ ] Black-vented Shearwater [ ] Red-breasted Merganser [ ] Least Sandpiper [ ] ** Yellow-billed Cuckoo [ ] Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel [ ] * Ruddy -
Wildlife Populations in Texas
Wildlife Populations in Texas • Five big game species – White-tailed deer – Mule deer – Pronghorn – Bighorn sheep – Javelina • Fifty-seven small game species – Forty-six migratory game birds, nine upland game birds, two squirrels • Sixteen furbearer species (i.e. beaver, raccoon, fox, skunk, etc) • Approximately 900 terrestrial vertebrate nongame species • Approximately 70 species of medium to large-sized exotic mammals and birds? White-tailed Deer Deer Surveys Figure 1. Monitored deer range within the Resource Management Units (RMU) of Texas. 31 29 30 26 22 18 25 27 17 16 24 21 15 02 20 28 23 19 14 03 05 06 13 04 07 11 12 Ecoregion RMU Area (Ha) 08 Blackland Prairie 20 731,745 21 367,820 Cross Timbers 22 771,971 23 1,430,907 24 1,080,818 25 1,552,348 Eastern Rolling Plains 26 564,404 27 1,162,939 Ecoregion RMU Area (Ha) 29 1,091,385 Post Oak Savannah 11 690,618 Edwards Plateau 4 1,308,326 12 475,323 5 2,807,841 18 1,290,491 6 583,685 19 2,528,747 7 1,909,010 South Texas Plains 8 5,255,676 28 1,246,008 Southern High Plains 2 810,505 Pineywoods 13 949,342 TransPecos 3 693,080 14 1,755,050 Western Rolling Plains 30 4,223,231 15 862,622 31 1,622,158 16 1,056,147 39,557,788 Total 17 735,592 Figure 2. Distribution of White-tailed Deer by Ecological Area 2013 Survey Period 53.77% 11.09% 6.60% 10.70% 5.89% 5.71% 0.26% 1.23% 4.75% Edwards Plateau Cross Timbers Western Rolling Plains Post Oak Savannah South Texas Plains Pineywoods Eastern Rolling Plains Trans Pecos Southern High Plains Figure 3.