MAMMALS of WASHINGTON Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
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Ecological Distribution of Sagebrush Voles, Lagurus Curtatus, in South-Central Washington Author(S): Thomas P
American Society of Mammalogists Ecological Distribution of Sagebrush Voles, Lagurus curtatus, in South-Central Washington Author(s): Thomas P. O'Farrell Source: Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Aug., 1972), pp. 632-636 Published by: American Society of Mammalogists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1379063 . Accessed: 28/08/2013 16:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Society of Mammalogists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Mammalogy. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.193.8.24 on Wed, 28 Aug 2013 16:58:33 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 632 JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY Vol. 53, No. 3 curved needle. After perfusion with penicillin G, the second incision was closed. The base of the plug was slipped into the first incision and sutured to the lumbodorsal fascia with 5-0 Mersilene (Ethicon). After perfusion around the plug with penicillin G, the skin was sutured around the narrow neck of the plug and the incision was dusted with antibiotic powder. The bat could be lifted by the plug with no apparent discomfort and no distortion of the skin or damage to the electrodes. -
Pacific Water Shrew Sorex Bendirii
COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Pacific Water Shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada ENDANGERED 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Pacific watershrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 28 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report: Galindo-Leal, C. and J.B. Runciman. 1994. COSEWIC status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 1-33 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge David Nagorsen for writing the update status report on the Pacific water shrew Sorex bendirii, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, and overseen and edited by Mark Brigham, Co-chair (Terrestrial Mammals), COSEWIC Terrestrial Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la musaraigne de Bendire (Sorex bendirii) au Canada – Mise à jour. Cover illustration: Pacific water shrew – by Ron Altig. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2006 Catalogue No. -
Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2. -
Mammals – Columbia
Mammals – Columbia NWR Family Genus Species Common Name Soricidae vagrans Vagrant shrew Sorex (Shrews) merriami Merriam’s shrew Parastrellus hesperus Canyon bat Corynihinus townsendii Townsend’s big-eared bat Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat Antrozous pallidus Pallid bat Euderma maculatum Spotted bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat Vespertilionidae (Vesper bats) californicus California myotis ciliolabrum Western small-footed myotis evotis Long-eared myotis Myotis lucifugus Little brown myotis volans Long-legged myotis yumaensis Yuma myotis thysanodes Fringed myotis Lepus californicus Black-tailed jackrabbit Leporidae (Rabbits & hares) Sylvilagus nuttallii Nuttall’s cottontail Marmota flaviventris Yellow-bellied marmot Sciuridae (Squirrels) Urocitellus washingtoni Washington ground squirrel Castoridae (Beavers) Castor canadensis Beaver Geomidae (Pocket gophers) Thomomys talpoides Northern pocket gopher Perognathus parvus Great Basin pocket mouse Heteromyidae (Heteromyids) Dipodomys ordii Ord’s kangaroo rat Reithrodontomys megalotis Western harvest mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Deer mouse Onychomys leucogaster Northern grasshopper mouse Neotoma cinerea Bushy-tailed woodrat Cricetidae (Cricetids) montanus Montane vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow vole Lemmiscus curtatus Sagebrush vole Ondatra zibethica Muskrat Eutamias minimus Least chipmunk Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine Muridae (Old World mice) Rattus norvegicus Norway rat 1 Mammals – Columbia NWR Family Genus Species Common Name Mus musculus House mouse Canidae (Dogs & wolves) Canis latrans Coyote Procyonidae (Raccoons) Procyon lotor Raccoon frenata Long-tailed weasel Mustela vison Mink Mustelidae (Weasels) Lutra canadensis River otter Taxidea taxus Badger Mephitis mephitis Striped skunk Lynx rufus Bobcat Felidae (Cats) Felis concolor Mountain lion hemionus Mule deer Odocoileus Cervidae (Deer) virginianus White-tailed deer Cervus elaphus Rocky Mountain elk 2. -
Estimating the Energy Expenditure of Endotherms at the Species Level
Canadian Journal of Zoology Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level Journal: Canadian Journal of Zoology Manuscript ID cjz-2020-0035 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 17-Feb-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: McNab, Brian; University of Florida, Biology Is your manuscript invited for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue?: Draft arvicoline rodents, BMR, Anatidae, energy expenditure, endotherms, Keyword: Meliphagidae, Phyllostomidae © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 42 Canadian Journal of Zoology Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level Brian K. McNab B.K. McNab, Department of Biology, University of Florida 32611 Email for correspondence: [email protected] Telephone number: 1-352-392-1178 Fax number: 1-352-392-3704 The author has no conflict of interest Draft © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Zoology Page 2 of 42 McNab, B.K. Estimating the energy expenditure of endotherms at the species level. Abstract The ability to account with precision for the quantitative variation in the basal rate of metabolism (BMR) at the species level is explored in four groups of endotherms, arvicoline rodents, ducks, melaphagid honeyeaters, and phyllostomid bats. An effective analysis requires the inclusion of the factors that distinguish species and their responses to the conditions they encounter in the environment. These factors are implemented by changes in body composition and are responsible for the non-conformity of species to a scaling curve. Two concerns may limit an analysis. The factors correlatedDraft with energy expenditure often correlate with each other, which usually prevents them from being included together in an analysis, thereby preventing a complete analysis, implying the presence of factors other than mass. -
Status of Birds of Oak Creek Wildlife Area
Status of Birds of Oak Creek Wildlife Area Abundance Seasonal Occurance *Species range included in C = Common r= Resident Oak Creek WLA but no U = Uncommon s = Summer Visitor documentation of species R = Rare w= Winter Visitor m=Migrant Common Name Genus Species Status Common Loon* Gavia immer Rw Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Cr Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Um Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Us Western Grebe Aechmorphorus occidentalis Us Clark's Grebe* Aechmorphorus clarkii Rm Double-crested Cormorant Phalocrorax auritus Um American Bittern* Botaurus lentiginosus Us Great Blue Heron Arden herodias Cr Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Cr Tundra Swan Cygnus columbiaus Rw Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator Am Greater White-fronted Anser albifrons Rm Goose* Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Rw Canada Goose Branta canadensis Cr Green-winged Teal Anas crecca Ur Mallard Anas Platyrynchos Cr Northen Pintail Anas acuta Us Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Rm Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera Us Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Cr Gadwall* Anas strepere Us Eurasian Wigeon* Anas Penelope Rw American Wigeon Anas Americana Cr Wood Duck Aix sponsa Ur Redhead Aythya americana Uw Canvasback Aythya valisineria Uw Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Uw Greater Scaup* Aythya marila Rw Leser Scaup Aythya affinis Uw Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Uw Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica Rw Bufflehead Bucephala albeola Cw Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus Rs White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca Rm Hooded Merganser Lophodytes Cucullatus Rw -
Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used. -
Induced Spatial Heterogeneity in Forest Canopies: Responses of Small Mammals
INDUCED SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY IN FOREST CANOPIES: RESPONSES OF SMALL MAMMALS ANDREW B. CAREY,1 Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue S.W., Olympia, WA 98512, USA SUZANNE M. WILSON, Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue S.W., Olympia, WA 98512, USA Abstract: We hypothesized that creating a mosaic of interspersed patches of different densities of canopy trees in a second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiz) forest would accelerate development of biocomplexity (diversity in ecosystem structure, composition, and processes) by promoting spatial heterogeneity in understory, midstory, and canopy, compared to typical managed forests. In turn, increased spatial heterogeneity was expected to promote variety in fine-scale plant associations, foliage height diversity, and abundance of small mammals. Three years following treatment, understory species richness and herb cover were greater with variable-density thinning than without. Midstory and canopy species did not have time to develop significant differences between treatments. Variable-density thinning resulted in larger populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), a species associated with understory shrubs; creeping voles (Microtus oregonz), a species associated with herbaceous vegetation, and vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans), a species usually associated with openings but common in old growth. No forest-floor small-mammal species, including those associated with old-growth forest, declined in abundance following variable-density thinning. Annual variation in population size was not related to treatment. Variable-density thinning may accelerate the development of biocomplexity in second-growth forest by promoting spatial heterogeneity and compositional diversity in the plant community, increasing diversity and abundance of small mammals, and similarly affecting other vertebrate communities. -
Life History Account for Townsend's Mole
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group TOWNSEND'S MOLE Scapanus townsendii Family: TALPIDAE Order: INSECTIVORA Class: MAMMALIA M016 Written by: G. Hoefler, J. Harris Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: S. Granholm DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY Townsend's mole is found along the North Coast in Del Norte and Humboldt cos., from the Oregon border south through about two-thirds of Humboldt Co. Optimum habitats are annual grassland, wet meadow, and early seral stages of redwood, Douglas-fir, mixed conifer, and montane hardwood-conifer forests. Townsend's mole in California mainly is a species of lowland river bottoms. SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Earthworms comprise 55-86% of the diet, with the remainder insects, seeds, roots, leaves, slugs, snails, and small mammals (Wight 1928, Moore 1933, Pedersen 1963, Whitaker et al. 1979). Forages beneath the surface in light, base-rich soils. Cover: This mole is almost entirely subterranean, spending its time in underground burrow systems. Requires well-drained, friable soil for burrowing. Reproduction: Nests in a grass-lined cavity 15-20 cm (6-8 in) below the surface. Nests sometimes are placed under "fortresses" (large mounds of earth 75-125 cm (30-50 in) in diameter), or near the center of a cluster of several normal-sized mounds (Kuhn et al. 1966, Maser et al. 1981). Water: Water needs are met from the diet, especially from earthworms. Pattern: Prefers well-drained, friable soils. Avoids dense woods and thickets. Clearing, draining, and fertilizing of cropland and pasture may have increased numbers of Townsend's mole. -
Life History Account for Creeping Vole
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group CREEPING VOLE Microtus oregoni Family: MURIDAE Order: RODENTIA Class: MAMMALIA M137 Written by: P. Brylski, J. Harris Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: R. Duke, S. Granholm DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY In California, the creeping vole is found in the northwest corner of the state from Del Norte and Siskiyou cos. south to Mendocino Co., including the extreme western portions of Tehama and Shasta cos. Common to abundant in herbaceous and shrubby understories of riparian and coniferous forests, including burned and clearcut areas. Also common at times in grassland and wet meadow habitats (Goertz 1964, Gashwiler 1972), as well as cropland. SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Feeds on grasses and forbs from ground surface, and some underground fungi (Maser et al. 1978). Cover: Seeks cover in ground litter, dense herbaceous undergrowth, and in burrows and log cavities. Burrows are excavated in soft soil. Occasionally, the burrows of other small mammals (particularly moles) are used. Reproduction: A nest of dried grass is constructed in burrow. Water: Probably does not require free water. Pattern: Prefers herbaceous habitat or shrublands with herbaceous openings, with soft soil for burrowing. Early successional stages of burned and cutover areas at the edge of coniferous forests support the highest densites. SPECIES LIFE HISTORY Activity Patterns: Yearlong activity. Mainly nocturnal, but probably forages near nest throughout the day. Seasonal Movements/Migration: None. Home Range: In Oregon clearcuts, home ranges averaged 0.06 ha (0.14 ac) for males, and 0.09 ha (0.22 ac) for females (Gashwiler 1972). -
RAMIK® Green Mini Bait Packs
SPECIMEN LABEL ™ ™ RODEX Mole-EX Gel Formula Poison Mole Bait For the Control of Moles ACTIVE INGREDIENT: (Condylura cristata), hairy-tailed moles (Parascalops Warfarin breweri), coast moles (Scapanus orarius), broad-footed moles [3-(alpha-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin]......00.025% (S. latimanus) or Townsend’s moles (S. townsendii) on lawns, INERT INGREDIENTS:...........................................99.975% turf areas, golf courses, and other non-food grassy areas. Bait TOTAL:....................................................................100.000% must be applied directly into main underground tunnel or EPA Reg. No. 72500-2-61282 EPA Est. No. 72500-CO-1 subsurface runways. Do not place bait above the ground surface. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN SELECTION OF TREATMENT AREAS: The presence of CAUTION moles may be indicated by a network of surface ridges in the turf or by a series of conical mounds of earth pushed up from deep burrows. Conical mounds may betray the location of PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS main underground runway. HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS CAUTION: Keep away from humans, domestic animals and BAITING: Prior to treatment, determine which burrow pets. If swallowed, this material may reduce the clotting systems are active. Using a round-ended wood rod, such as a ability of the blood and cause bleeding. broomstick, probe ground in vicinity of conical mounds or surface ridges until main runway is detected by a sudden NOTE TO PHYSICIAN AND VETERINARIAN: This decrease in resistance against the probe. Mark open burrow product reduces the clotting ability of the blood and may cause systems and revisit them in 2-3 days. For deeper tunnels, open hemorrhaging. If poisoning occurs, intramuscular and oral system with a shovel and leave open. -
Northern Short−Tailed Shrew (Blarina Brevicauda)
FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Northern Short−tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Blarina sp. − summer coat Credit: painting by Nancy Halliday from Kays and Wilson's Northern Short−tailed Shrews have poisonous saliva. This enables Mammals of North America, © Princeton University Press them to kill mice and larger prey and paralyze invertebrates such as (2002) snails and store them alive for later eating. The shrews have very limited vision, and rely on a kind of echolocation, a series of ultrasonic "clicks," to make their way around the tunnels and burrows they dig. They nest underground, lining their nests with vegetation and sometimes with fur. They do not hibernate. Their day is organized around highly active periods lasting about 4.5 minutes, followed by rest periods that last, on average, 24 minutes. Population densities can fluctuate greatly from year to year and even crash, requiring several years to recover. Winter mortality can be as high as 90 percent in some areas. Fossils of this species are known from the Pliocene, and fossils representing other, extinct species of the genus Blarina are even older. Also known as: Short−tailed Shrew, Mole Shrew Sexual Dimorphism: Males may be slightly larger than females. Length: Range: 118−139 mm Weight: Range: 18−30 g http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna 1 FIELD GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) ORDER: Insectivora FAMILY: Soricidae Least Shrews have a repertoire of tiny calls, audible to human ears up to a distance of only 20 inches or so. Nests are of leaves or grasses in some hidden place, such as on the ground under a cabbage palm leaf or in brush.