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Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment New distributional record of Daphnis hypothous crameri Eitschberger & Melichar, (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from Odisha, India Ashirwad Tripathy1 and Kishore Chandra Sahoo2 1Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 834006 India 2Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012 India Corresponding author: [email protected] The Indian subcontinent is well known for its high biodiversity, varied environment and habitats, and interesting geological history. However, much work remains to document and catalogue the species of India and their geographic distribution, especially for invertebrate groups, in which Odisha still remain unexplored as per insect diversity is concerned. Moths and butterflies contribute to essential ecosystem processes such as herbivory, pollination and decomposition in many terrestrial biomes. They are strongly associated with vegetation structure and composition, which make them a suitable indicator taxon for various ecological studies (Lomov et al., 2006). As they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and proved to be powerful indicator of forest disturbance moth communities are receiving increasing conservation interest (Luff and Woiwod, 1995, Summerville et al., 2004, Scalericio et al., 2009). Documenting the faunal diversity of moth can get evolutionary insights and a first step in developing conservation goals for the Lepidoptera (Gadhikar et al., 2015). Species level inventories will provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of species which is a prerequisite for management and preservation of natural habitats whereas local level inventories provide information for economic and educational activities (Arandhara et al., 2017). There are around 1,42,000 moth species in the world. In India, over 12,000 moth species have been recorded, yet this number is far from being correct as major work is needed to prepare a comprehensive list (https://indianexpress.com, 2018). There are about 2000 species of Sphingidae under 200 genera globally (Kitching, 2021). The last well documented moth fauna of Odisha was studied by Mandal and Maulik, 1991 in which they mentioned about the Sphingidae of Odisha. Later, Jena et al., 2018 studied the diversity of moth in Gupteswar Proposed Reserve Forest of the Eastern Ghat Hill, Koraput, Odisha. 58 Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment Moths of genus Daphnis Hubner belong to tribe Macroglossini under family Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) and are known by nine species from different part of the globe (Amritpal et al., 2015). There are only four species of this genus known from India i.e., Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758), Daphnis hypothous (Cramer, 1780), Daphnis placida (Walker, 1856) and Daphnis minima (Butler, 1876) (Sondhi et al., 2021; Sankararaman and Manickavasagam, 2018). Daphnis hypothous is distributed in India, Borneo, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand (Amritpal et al., 2015, Iyer and Kitching, 2019). Among the Indian states, there are records of this species from Assam, Tamil Nadu, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Karnataka and Meghalaya (Amritpal et al., 2015 and Sondhi et al., 2021). Eitschberger and Melichar (2010) discovered a new subspecies of it by evaluating the genetic differences of the specimens. The specimens found from south east Asia were described as Daphnis hypothous crameri Eitschberger and Melichar, 2010. Here, the photographic evidence of it was gathered from different regions of Bhubaneswar (20.285019, 85.792854 on 29.12.2018; 20.284544, 85.793262 on 15.11.2019), Odisha. Amritpal et al., (2015) provided a key to distinguish the two closely related species: D. nerii and D. hypothous: Forewing with ground colour bright green, M1 arising from upper angle of cell, R5 and R4 stalked; hind wing with veins M1 and Rs shortly stalked; male genitalia with aedeagus having a well sclerotized short spur and a sclerotized plate with short bicuspid spur; valva with narrow friction scales; female genitalia with corpus bursae companulate .......................nerii (Linnaeus) Forewing with ground colour dark brown; M1 (R5, R4) stalked from upper angle of cell; hind wing with veins M1 and Rs from upper angle, but not stalked; male genitalia with aedeagus having two long well sclerotized spurs; valva with foliate friction scales; female genitalia with corpus bursae oblong.........................hypothous (Cramer) This observation marks a new distributional record Daphnis hypothous crameri Eitschberger and Melichar, 2010 from Odisha. As earlier documentations are from North-eastern and Southern parts of India this is a new record from eastern India. 59 Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment © ashirwad tripathy © ashirwad tripathy Fig. 1: Daphnis hypothous (Left) and Daphnis nerii (right) References: Amritpal, S.K., Singh, D. and Kaur, P. 2015. Genitalic studies of two species of genus Daphnis Hubner (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) from India. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences. 5. 1531-1537. Arandhara, S., Barman, S., Tanti, R. and Boruah, A. 2017. Macro moths of Tinsukia district, Assam: A provisional inventory. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(6): 1612- 1621. Eitschberger, U. and Melichar, T. 2010. The taxa of the genus Daphnis Hubner, 1819, the reorganization of the subspecies of Daphnis hypothous (Cramer, 1780) with a new subspecies description and the neotype designation of Sphinx hypothous Cramer, 1780 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). The European Entomologist. 2 (3-4): 49-91. Gadhikar, Y.A., Sambath, S. and Yattoo, Y.I. 2015. A Preliminary Report on the Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera) Fauna from Amravati, Maharashtra. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(7): 883-887. 60 Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment https://indianexpress.com/article/parenting/learning/moths-are-great-mimics-and-can-sniff with- no-nose-says-the-moth-lady-5279554/ Iyer, G. and Kitching, I.J. 2019. A preliminary study of the hawkmoth diversity (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11(5): 13592–13604. Jena, S., Singh, A. and De, K. 2018. Diversity of Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the Gupteswar Proposed Reserve Forest of the Eastern Ghat Hill, Koraput, Odisha, India: A preliminary study. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology. 11. 11-17. 10.21608/eajb.2018.11677. Kitching, I.J. (2021). Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory. http:// sphingidae.myspecies.info/ (accessed 16 February 2021) Lomov, B., Keith, D.A., Britton, D.R. and Hochuli, D.F. 2006. Are butterflies and moths, useful indicators for restoration monitoring? A pilot study in Sydney's Cumberland Plain Woodland. Ecological Management and Restoration, 7(3): 204-210. Luff, M.L. and Woiwod, I.P. 1995. Insect as indicators of land-use change: a European perspective, focusing on moths and ground beetles. In: Harrington R., Stork N.E. (eds) Insects in a changing environment. Academic Press, London, pp 399–422. Mandal, D.K. and Maulik, D.R. 1991. Fauna of Orissa (Noctuidae, Sphingidae). Zoological Survey of India 3, pp 209-234. Sankararaman, H., and Manickavasagam, S. 2018. Diversity of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in South India. In Proceedings of International Biodiversity Congress (IBC 2018). 4, 215-217. Scalercio, S., Infusino, M. and Woiwod, I.P. 2009. Optimising the sampling window for moth indicator communities. Journal of Insect Conservation, 13(6): 583. 61 Vol. 24 (1) (March 2021) Insect Environment Sondhi, S., Sondhi, Y., Roy, P. and Kunte, K. (Chief Editors). 2021. Moths of India, v. 2.30. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. http://www.mothsofindia.org/tx/29845- Macroglossinae/2. Summerville, K.S., Ritter, L.M. and Crist, T.O. 2004. Forest moth taxa as indicators of lepidopteran richness and habitat disturbance: a preliminary assessment. Biological Conservation, 116(1): 9-18. 62 .
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    Alterra Wageningen UR Alterra Wageningen UR is the research institute for our green living environment. P.O. Box 47 We off er a combination of practical and scientifi c research in a multitude of How much Biodiversity is in Natura 2000? 6700 AA Wageningen disciplines related to the green world around us and the sustainable use of our living The Netherlands environment, such as fl ora and fauna, soil, water, the environment, geo-information The “Umbrella Eff ect” of the European Natura 2000 protected area network T +31 (0) 317 48 07 00 and remote sensing, landscape and spatial planning, man and society. www.wageningenUR.nl/en/alterra The mission of Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) is ‘To explore Technical report Alterra Report 2730B the potential of nature to improve the quality of life’. Within Wageningen UR, ISSN 1566-7197 nine specialised research institutes of the DLO Foundation have joined forces with Wageningen University to help answer the most important questions in the Theo van der Sluis, Ruud Foppen, Simon Gillings, Thomas Groen, René Henkens, Stephan Hennekens, domain of healthy food and living environment. With approximately 30 locations, 6,000 members of staff and 9,000 students, Wageningen UR is one of the leading Kim Huskens, David Noble, Fabrice Ottburg, Luca Santini, Henk Sierdsema, Andre van Kleunen, organisations in its domain worldwide. The integral approach to problems and Joop Schaminee, Chris van Swaay, Bert Toxopeus, Michiel Wallis de Vries and Lawrence Jones-Walters the cooperation between the various disciplines