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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Center for International Stabilization and Global CWD Repository Recovery Winter 2-2005 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia Bjorn Gildestad Nordic Consulting Group Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Gildestad, Bjorn, "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia" (2005). Global CWD Repository. 1155. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/1155 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cost-benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia Final Report (February 2005): Bjørn Gildestad Preamble This Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mine Clearance Operations in Cambodia was initiated by the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and carried out during the period November 2004 to February 2005. The author of the report is Mr Bjørn Gildestad of Nordic Consulting Group (NCG), Oslo, Norway [email protected] The study was completed with input and advice from a number of persons at CMAA, UNDP and other institutions and organisations in Cambodia (see list of contacts in Annex 2). To all these the author would like to express his thankful appreciation for the interesting cooperation and the valuable information supplied. A particularly active support was provided by the Senior Adviser UNDP/CMAA Mr Dominique Pierre Guéret and the Mine Action and Aid Coordination Specialist at UNDP Phnom Penh Mr Julien Chevillard. Many persons have contributed to the report in various ways; still the responsibility for any factual inaccuracies or errors in the analysis rests entirely with the author. Furthermore the views, opinions and conclusions expressed should not be attributed to any other person or institution. i Map of Cambodia ii Contents Preamble...................................................................................................................................... i Map of Cambodia.......................................................................................................................ii Contents.....................................................................................................................................iii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. v Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. vi 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The mine/Uxo problem .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the cost-benefit analysis....................................................................... 2 1.3 Main approach and methodology............................................................................... 3 2. Social and economic context.............................................................................................. 6 2.1 The country and the people ........................................................................................ 6 2.2 Poverty reduction....................................................................................................... 8 2.3 The Ottawa Convention........................................................................................... 10 2.4 The Millennium Development Goals....................................................................... 10 3. Mines and Uxo in Cambodia............................................................................................ 12 3.1 Contamination .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Human loss............................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Blocking infrastructure............................................................................................. 17 4. The mine action programme ............................................................................................ 19 4.1 Visions and planning strategies................................................................................ 19 4.2 Clearance activities.................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Assessment of targets and achievements ................................................................. 22 4.4 Organisation and main stakeholders ........................................................................ 27 4.4.1 National Level.................................................................................................. 27 4.4.2 Local level participation in planning................................................................ 27 4.4.3 Operations level................................................................................................ 28 4.5 Funding..................................................................................................................... 30 4.6 Information and databases........................................................................................ 31 4.6.1 Mine and Uxo victims ...................................................................................... 31 4.6.2 Mine Action Database...................................................................................... 31 4.6.3 Socio-economic information............................................................................ 32 5. Reducing the human loss.................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Accidents risk........................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Productive value....................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Medical costs............................................................................................................ 37 5.4 Economic gains from reducing the accident risk ..................................................... 38 6. Mine action for development ........................................................................................... 40 6.1 Clearance for agricultural purposes.......................................................................... 40 6.2 Irrigation canals........................................................................................................ 43 6.3 Loss of livestock....................................................................................................... 44 6.4 Transport systems..................................................................................................... 45 6.5 Schools ..................................................................................................................... 46 6.6 Wells and water supply ............................................................................................ 48 6.7 Historical and cultural sites...................................................................................... 49 6.8 Health stations.......................................................................................................... 51 6.9 Other social and cultural infrastructure.................................................................... 52 7. Clearance techniques and costs........................................................................................ 53 7.1 Approaches and techniques in use ........................................................................... 53 iii 7.2 Clearance costs......................................................................................................... 53 7.3 De-mining accidents................................................................................................. 55 8. Evaluation of priorities..................................................................................................... 56 8.1 Assumptions and approach....................................................................................... 56 8.2 Agricultural land...................................................................................................... 56 8.3 Irrigation systems ..................................................................................................... 57 8.4 Wells and water supply ............................................................................................ 58 8.5 Roads and bridges .................................................................................................... 59 8.6 School premises........................................................................................................ 60 8.7 Historical sites and temples...................................................................................... 60 8.8 Health stations.........................................................................................................
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