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Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Collier Miami-Dade Palm Beach Hendry Broward Glades St
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission F L O R ID A 'S T U R N P IK E er iv R ee m Lakewood Park m !( si is O K L D INDRIO ROAD INDRIO RD D H I N COUNTY BCHS Y X I L A I E O W L H H O W G Y R I D H UCIE BLVD ST L / S FT PRCE ILT SRA N [h G Fort Pierce Inlet E 4 F N [h I 8 F AVE "Q" [h [h A K A V R PELICAN YACHT CLUB D E . FORT PIERCE CITY MARINA [h NGE AVE . OKEECHOBEE RA D O KISSIMMEE RIVER PUA NE 224 ST / CR 68 D R !( A D Fort Pierce E RD. OS O H PIC R V R T I L A N N A M T E W S H N T A E 3 O 9 K C A R-6 A 8 O / 1 N K 0 N C 6 W C W R 6 - HICKORY HAMMOCK WMA - K O R S 1 R L S 6 R N A E 0 E Lake T B P U Y H D A K D R is R /NW 160TH E si 68 ST. O m R H C A me MIDWAY RD. e D Ri Jernigans Pond Palm Lake FMA ver HUTCHINSON ISL . O VE S A t C . T I IA EASY S N E N L I u D A N.E. 120 ST G c I N R i A I e D South N U R V R S R iv I 9 I V 8 FLOR e V ESTA DR r E ST. -
Report SFRC-83/01 Status of the Eastern Indigo Snake in Southern Florida National Parks and Vicinity
Report SFRC-83/01 Status of the Eastern Indigo Snake in Southern Florida National Parks and Vicinity NATIONAL b lb -a'*? m ..-.. # .* , *- ,... - . ,--.-,, , . LG LG - m,*.,*,*, Or 7°C ,"7cn,a. Q*Everglades National Park, South Florida Research Center, P.O.Box 279, Homestead, Florida 33030 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ........................... 1 STUDYAREA ............................ 1 METHODS .............................. 3 RESULTS .............................. 4 Figure 1. Distribution of the indigo snake in southern Florida ..... 5 Figure 2 . Distribution of the indigo snake in the Florida Keys including Biscayne National Park ............. 6 DISCUSSION ............................. 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................ 13 LITERATURE CITED ......................... 14 APPENDIX 1. Observations of indigo snakes in southern Florida ....... 17 APPENDIX 2 . Data on indigo snakes examined in and adjacent to Everglades National Park ................. 24 APPENDIX 3. Museum specimens of indigo snakes from southern Florida ... 25 4' . Status of the Eastern Indigo Snake in Southern Florida National Parks and Vicinity Report ~F~~-83/01 Todd M. Steiner, Oron L. Bass, Jr., and James A. Kushlan National Park Service South Florida Research Center Everglades National Park Homestead, Florida 33030 January 1983 Steiner, Todd M., Oron L. Bass, Jr., and James A. Kushlan. 1983. Status of the Eastern Indigo Snake in Southern Florida National Parks and Vicinity. South Florida Research Center Report SFRC- 83/01. 25 pp. INTRODUCTION The status and biology of the eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais couperi, the largest North American snake (~awler,1977), is poorly understood. Destruction of habitat and exploitation by the pet trade have reduced its population levels in various localities to the point that it is listed by the Federal government as a threatened species. -
Restoring Southern Florida's Native Plant Heritage
A publication of The Institute for Regional Conservation’s Restoring South Florida’s Native Plant Heritage program Copyright 2002 The Institute for Regional Conservation ISBN Number 0-9704997-0-5 Published by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue Miami, Florida 33170 www.regionalconservation.org [email protected] Printed by River City Publishing a division of Titan Business Services 6277 Powers Avenue Jacksonville, Florida 32217 Cover photos by George D. Gann: Top: mahogany mistletoe (Phoradendron rubrum), a tropical species that grows only on Key Largo, and one of South Florida’s rarest species. Mahogany poachers and habitat loss in the 1970s brought this species to near extinction in South Florida. Bottom: fuzzywuzzy airplant (Tillandsia pruinosa), a tropical epiphyte that grows in several conservation areas in and around the Big Cypress Swamp. This and other rare epiphytes are threatened by poaching, hydrological change, and exotic pest plant invasions. Funding for Rare Plants of South Florida was provided by The Elizabeth Ordway Dunn Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Steve Arrowsmith Fund. Major funding for the Floristic Inventory of South Florida, the research program upon which this manual is based, was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Steve Arrowsmith Fund. Nemastylis floridana Small Celestial Lily South Florida Status: Critically imperiled. One occurrence in five conservation areas (Dupuis Reserve, J.W. Corbett Wildlife Management Area, Loxahatchee Slough Natural Area, Royal Palm Beach Pines Natural Area, & Pal-Mar). Taxonomy: Monocotyledon; Iridaceae. Habit: Perennial terrestrial herb. Distribution: Endemic to Florida. Wunderlin (1998) reports it as occasional in Florida from Flagler County south to Broward County. -
Florida Keys Terrestrial Adaptation Planning (Keystap) Species
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330842954 FLORIDA KEYS TERRESTRIAL ADAPTATION PROJECT: Florida Keys Case Study on Incorporating Climate Change Considerations into Conservation Planning and Actions for Threatened and Endang... Technical Report · January 2018 CITATION READS 1 438 6 authors, including: Logan Benedict Jason M. Evans Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Stetson University 2 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 87 PUBLICATIONS 983 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Conservation Clinic View project Vinson Institute Policy Papers View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jason M. Evans on 27 April 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. USFWS Cooperative Agreement F16AC01213 Florida Keys Case Study on Incorporating Climate Change Considerations into Conservation Planning and Actions for Threatened and Endangered Species Project Coordinator: Logan Benedict, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Project Team: Bob Glazer, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chris Bergh, The Nature Conservancy Steve Traxler, US Fish and Wildlife Service Beth Stys, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Jason Evans, Stetson University Project Report Photo by Logan Benedict Cover Photo by Ricardo Zambrano 1 | Page USFWS Cooperative Agreement F16AC01213 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................... -
Segment 16 Map Book
Hollywood BROWARD Hallandale M aa p 44 -- B North Miami Beach North Miami Hialeah Miami Beach Miami M aa p 44 -- B South Miami F ll o r ii d a C ii r c u m n a v ii g a tt ii o n Key Biscayne Coral Gables M aa p 33 -- B S a ll tt w a tt e r P a d d ll ii n g T r a ii ll S e g m e n tt 1 6 DADE M aa p 33 -- A B ii s c a y n e B a y M aa p 22 -- B Drinking Water Homestead Camping Kayak Launch Shower Facility Restroom M aa p 22 -- A Restaurant M aa p 11 -- B Grocery Store Point of Interest M aa p 11 -- A Disclaimer: This guide is intended as an aid to navigation only. A Gobal Positioning System (GPS) unit is required, and persons are encouraged to supplement these maps with NOAA charts or other maps. Segment 16: Biscayne Bay Little Pumpkin Creek Map 1 B Pumpkin Key Card Point Little Angelfish Creek C A Snapper Point R Card Sound D 12 S O 6 U 3 N 6 6 18 D R Dispatch Creek D 12 Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve 3 ´ Ocean Reef Harbor 12 Wednesday Point 12 Card Point Cut 12 Card Bank 12 5 18 0 9 6 3 R C New Mahogany Hammock State Botanical Site 12 6 Cormorant Point Crocodile Lake CR- 905A 12 6 Key Largo Hammock Botanical State Park Mosquito Creek Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge Dynamite Docks 3 6 18 6 North Key Largo 12 30 Steamboat Creek John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park Carysfort Yacht Harbor 18 12 D R D 3 N U O S 12 D R A 12 C 18 Basin Hills Elizabeth, Point 3 12 12 12 0 0.5 1 2 Miles 3 6 12 12 3 12 6 12 Segment 16: Biscayne Bay 3 6 Map 1 A 12 12 3 6 ´ Thursday Point Largo Point 6 Mary, Point 12 D R 6 D N U 3 O S D R S A R C John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park 5 18 3 12 B Garden Cove Campsite Snake Point Garden Cove Upper Sound Point 6 Sexton Cove 18 Rattlesnake Key Stellrecht Point Key Largo 3 Sound Point T A Y L 12 O 3 R 18 D Whitmore Bight Y R W H S A 18 E S Anglers Park R 18 E V O Willie, Point Largo Sound N: 25.1248 | W: -80.4042 op t[ D A I* R A John Pennekamp State Park A M 12 B N: 25.1730 | W: -80.3654 t[ O L 0 Radabo0b. -
Florida Coral Reefs: Islandia
FOREWORD· In their present relatively undeveloped state, the upper Florida Keys and the adjoining waters and submerged. lands of Biscayne ~ay and the Atlantic Ocean are an enviromr~.ental element highly important to Florida ancl a valuable recreation resource for the nation. Fully aware that intensive private development would greatly alter . these values, the Secretary of the Interior directed the National Park Service and the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, assisted by the Fish and Wildlife Service, to conduct studies of the area. This interim professional report is the r~sult of these studies. It is being distributed now to solicit the comments and suggestions of interested parties. The additional information obtained in this manner will be utilized by the National Park Service and the Bureau of Outdoor Recre ation to complete the study and formulate recommendations to the Secretary· of the Interior. It is requested that comments and suggestions on this interim profes sional report be sent to the Regional Director, Southeast Region, Na tional Park Service, P. 0. Box 10008, Richmond, Virginia 23240. Material should be submitted in time to reach the Regional Director on or before August 15, 1965. ~~ Edward C. Crafts Director Director Bureau of Outdoor Recreation National Park Service Page No. FOREWORD THE STUDY 2 THE CORAL REEFS The Resource 3 The Climate 5 The Ecology 6 MAN AND THE CORAL REEFS 10 THE SITUATION Development Possibilities · 12 Significance for Preservation 12 THE OPPORTUNITIES 18 Alternative Plans 14' Plan 1 16 Plan 2 20 Plan 3 24 THE STUDY In response to interest expressed by the weekending, and vacationing are engaged Dade Co1:-1nty Board of Commissioners and in extensively. -
South Florida National Park Sites
National Park Service National Parks and Preserves U.S. Department of the Interior of South Florida Ranger Station Interpretive Trail Bear Island Alligator Alley (Toll Road) Campground Primitive Camping Rest Area, F 75 75 foot access only l o ri Gasoline Lodging and Meals da to Naples N a No Access to/from t i o Alligator Alley n Restrooms Park Area Boundary a 839 l S c Picnic Area e Public Boat Ramp n i SR 29 c T r Marina a il to Naples 837 Big Cypress 837 National Preserve 1 Birdon Road Turner River Road River Turner 41 841 Big Cypress Visitor Center EVERGLADES 41 821 CITY Gulf Coast Visitor Center Tree Snail Hammock Nature Trail Tamiami Trail Krome Ave. MIAMI 41 Loop Road Shark Valley Visitor Center Florida's Turnpike Florida's 1 SW 168th St. Chekika Everglades Biscayne SR 997 National Park National Park HOMESTEAD Boca Chita Key Exit 6 Dante Fascell Pinelands Visitor Center Pa-hay-okee Coe Gulf of Mexico Overlook N. Canal Dr. Visitor (SW 328 St.) Center Elliott Key 9336 Long Pine Key (Palm Dr.) Mahogany 1 Hammock Royal Palm Visitor Center Anhinga Trail Gumbo Limbo Trail West Lake Atlantic Ocean Flamingo Visitor Center Key Largo Fort Jefferson Florida Bay 1 North Dry Tortugas 0 5 10 Kilometers National Park 05 10 Miles 0 2 4 70 miles west of Key West, Note: This map is not a substitute for an Miles by plane or boat only. up-to-date nautical chart or hiking map. Big Cypress, Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades Phone Numbers Portions of Biscayne and 95 826 Everglades National Parks National Park Service Website: http://www.nps.gov 95 Florida Turnpike Florida Tamiami Trail Miami Important Phone Numbers 41 41 Shark Valley 826 Visitor Center 1 Below is a list of phone numbers you may need to help plan your trip to the 874 south Florida national parks and preserves. -
Biscayne National Park, Florida
National Park Service Biscayne U.S. Department of the Interior Camping Guide to Biscayne National Park Boca Chita Key Tent camping is permitted in designated areas on Elliott and Boca Chita Keys. These islands are accessible by boat only. Camping is limited to fourteen (14) consecutive days or no more than thirty (30) days within a calendar year. Reservations are not accepted. The sites are available on a first-come, first-served basis. No services are available on the islands. Facilities Elliott Key: Freshwater toilets, cold water showers, and drinking water are available. Boca Chita Key: Saltwater toilets are available. Sinks, showers and drinking water are NOT available. Fees There is a $15 per night per campsite camping fee. The fee includes a standard campsite (up to 6 people and 2 tents). If docking a boat overnight, there is a $20 fee that includes one night camping. Group campsites (30 people and 5 tents) are $30 per night on Elliott Key. Group campsite is available by reservation only (305) 230-1144 x 008. Holders of the Interagency Senior or Access passes receive a 50% discount on camping and marina use fees. The fee is paid at the self- service fee station on each island. It is your responsibility to make sure that your fees are paid. NPS rangers will verify payment compliance. Camping/marina use fees must be paid PRIOR to 5 p.m. daily. Anyone who arrives after 5 p.m. must pay camping/ marina use fees immediately upon arrival. Any vessel in the harbor after 5 p.m. -
Ernest Coe and the Fight for Everglades National Park Chris Wilhelm
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 Prophet of the Glades: Ernest Coe and the Fight for Everglades National Park Chris Wilhelm Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PROPHET OF THE GLADES: ERNEST COE AND THE FIGHT FOR EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK By CHRIS WILHELM A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2010 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Chris Wilhelm defended on March 24, 2010. __________________________________ Fritz Davis Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Anthony Stallins University Representative __________________________________ Ron Doel Committee Member __________________________________ Jennifer Koslow Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My family, especially my parents Margann and Jim Wilhelm, deserve enormous thanks. I can only imagine what went through their minds when their oldest son told them he was going to study history for a living. Despite this impractical decision, they have been extremely supportive, both emotionally and at times, financially. Aimee Griffith was present in my life for most of my graduate school career. She was frequently the emotional crutch I leaned upon when I studied for my comprehensive exams and when I faced the daunting task of writing the first words of this dissertation. Beth Woodward helped me in the final months of this project, often reading and critiquing the manuscript and offering encouragement. -
Intracoastal Waterway Miami to Elliott
BookletChart™ Intracoastal Waterway – Miami to Elliott Key NOAA Chart 11465 A reduced-scale NOAA nautical chart for small boaters When possible, use the full-size NOAA chart for navigation. Published by the Biscayne Channel leads through the shoals south of Cape Florida into Biscayne Bay. It is partially dredged, but the channel has shoaled. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration channel is marked by lights and daybeacons. Craft whose draft is close National Ocean Service to the limiting depth of the channel should exercise extreme caution in Office of Coast Survey navigating it. Several channels leading through the shoals between Biscayne Channel and Key Biscayne are used by local boats. www.NauticalCharts.NOAA.gov Cape Florida Anchorage, with depths of 12 to 20 feet, is about 300 yards 888-990-NOAA westward of the south end of Cape Florida with the lighthouse tower bearing northward of 069°. This is a poor anchorage with southerly What are Nautical Charts? winds. Miami South Channel is a dredged cut leading from Biscayne Bay, Nautical charts are a fundamental tool of marine navigation. They show westward of Virginia Key, to the Miami waterfront. One branch of it water depths, obstructions, buoys, other aids to navigation, and much leads into the Miami River, and the other leads directly to the basin more. The information is shown in a way that promotes safe and off Bay Front Park. The Intracoastal Waterway southward to Key West efficient navigation. Chart carriage is mandatory on the commercial passes through Miami South Channel. Clearance of the Rickenbacker ships that carry America’s commerce. -
Boca Chita Key Historic District Bade FLORIDA Property Name County State
NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Page SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING RECORD NRIS Reference Number: 97000795 Date Listed: 8/1/97 Boca Chita Key Historic District Bade FLORIDA Property Name County State N/A_______________________________________ Multiple Name This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places in accordance with the attached nomination documentation subject to the following exceptions, exclusions, or amendments, notwithstanding the National Park Service certification included in the nomination documentation. <67?///<?0 P»i^Signatv<r>>_ of the ^ of ActAction Amended Items in Nomination: Section No. 8 This nomination is amended to delete Criterion B and Mark C. Honeywell as a significant person. Since the main house is no longer standing and there is no information about other properties associated with Honeywell that may still be standing, the property can no longer claim significance for association with him. This change has been discussed with the Southeast Support Office, NFS. DISTRIBUTION: National Register property file Nominating Authority (without nomination attachment) NFS Form 10-900 0MB No. ;L<J24-0018 (Rev.. 10-90) 30IAH3S «MVd 1VNOI1VN S30vid oiaoisiH jo H3i.si93H United States Department of the Interior National Park Service H66I6I mr \ < NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 0822 Q3AI3D3y This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A) . Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested.