South African Institute of Race Relations a Survey Of
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____ ________ ____ ___ ONE RAND FIFTY CENTS SO T ARIA Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1962 Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL Research Officer South African Institute of Race Relations I SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. Box 97 JOHANNESBURG 1963 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer's great appreciation is expressed to Mr. Leo Marquard, who read the entire manuscript and made valuable suggestions for its improvement. Grateful thanks are extended, too, to Miss B. Adams, who did the typing; Mr. J. Love and Mrs. A. Honeywill, who checked the proofs; the staff of the Institute's library; the many others who supplied information on a variety of subjects; and the staff of the Natal Witness (Pty) Limited. MURIEL HORRELL. NOTE ON PERIOD COVERED This Survey is stated to be for the year 1962. As it was wished to have it published early in January 1963. however, it was impos sible to include events that occurred during the last few weeks of the year. Some of these are mentioned briefly in an addendum, and reports on the rest will be made in the next issue. CONTENTS Page POLICIES AND ATTITUDES Political parties: Parties with White membership ...... The Progressive and Liberal Parties .......... 2 Coloured and Indian organizations ......... 2 African organizations .... .... ... ... ... .. 3 Congress of Democrats .. .............. 4 The Churches: The trial of Professor Geyser ......... 4 "Pro V eritate" ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 Other work by the churches . ...... 6 S.A. Institute of Race Relations: Council meetings, 1961 .. ...... ..... Proposed conference on "Human Relations and Com munication Today" ... ... ... ... ... 8 Other activities of the Institute .... ... ... ... 10 S.A. Bureau of Racial Affairs .... ....... ... ... UNREST, AND MEASURES FOR GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF THIS Aftermath of disturbances during 1960 and 1961: Claims for compensation ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .. IlI T he T ranskei ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... 12 W arm baths ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 13 Port Elizabeth ............. ... ... ... ... ... .....- 13 O ther trials ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....- 13 Further disturbances: The Transkei ........................ ... ... ... 14 L anga ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 R ustenburg area ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15 Dethunie location .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 15 P a a rl ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... 16 Control of entry into African rural areas ...... 16 Banishment of Africans: Detention of Mr. Anderson Ganyile and others ... ... ... 17 Detention of Mr. Mdingi .... ....... ... ... ... ... ... 19 Banishment orders in force ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 African exiles in other territories ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 2 1 Passports and visas ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 2 Banning orders ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 3 iv A SURVEY OF RACE Page SABOTAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA ................ ... 25 GENERAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT, No. 76 of 1962 O bjects .... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... 26 Sabotage .... ... .... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 27 Emergency regulations ... ........................... 31 Banning of organizations .... ... .... ... .... .... ... ...... 31 Listed and banned persons: Attendance at gatherings 32. Blanket prohibitions on mein bership of organizations 33, May he required to report regularly to the police 34, Change of residence or of employ mient 34, Namnes can be removed from the list 34, Publication of names 35. Restrictions on movement, and "house arrest" - 35 Detention without any charge having been proved .......... 36 Prohibition of gatherings or of attendance thereat .............. 36 N ewspapers .... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... .... ... 37 Publication of statements by banned persons ................. 38 Presumptions relating to absence from the Republic .......... 39 Offences and penalties .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 39 OPPOSITION TO TIlE GENERAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT Political parties ... .... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... 40 Other bodies: General Bar Council 41, International Commission of Jurists 42, Black Sash 42, Public protests 43, The Churches 43. Institute of Race Relations 45. ACTION TAKEN UNDER THE GENERAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT Removal of names from the list ....... .... ... .... ....... 46 Persons whose speeches or writings may not be published ...... 46 Banning of the Congress of Democrats .................... 48 Banning of meetings on the Johannesburg City Hall steps ...... 48 Orders served on Mrs. Helen Joseph ..................... 48 Appearances in court of Mr. Mandela and Mr. Sisulu .......... 49 Ban on protest meetings ... .... .... ... .... ... ... ... 50 Further "house arrest" orders ............................ 51 M r. M andela's trial ... .... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 52 Publication of names of "listed" communists ................. 53 Further instances of sabotage .... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... 53 GENERAL LAW FURTHER AMENDMENT ACT, No. 93 of 1962 Term s of the Act .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ...... 55 The painting of new slogans ... ... ... .... 55 STRENGTHENING OF DEFENCE DEPARTMENT Budget Speech .......... .......................... 56 Speech by Minister of Defence .... ... .... ... .... ....... ... 56 Nationalist Press comment .... ... .... ... .... .... ... ...... 57 Remarks by the Prime Minister ....... .... ... .... ... .... ... 57 Statement by the Institute of Race Relations ................. 57 RELATIONS: 1962 Page CONTROL OF PUBLICATIONS AND ENTERTAINMENTS Press code of the S.A. Newspaper Press Union ............. Publications and Entertainments Bill: Publications 60, Films 61. Public entertainments 62, Penalties for oftences 62. Recent decisions in regard to publications ...... THE POPULATION AND ITS REGISTRATION Preliminary results of 1960 census ... ... ... ... ... ... 64 Progress of population registration ................... 65 Appeals against race classification ... ... ... ....... ... 65 Birth and m arriage certificates ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 Borderline cases ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 Classification of Japanese persons ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 68 Classification of Chinese persons ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 69 T he Song case ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 69 Population Registration Amendment Act, No. 61 of 1962 ... 70 Proof of acceptance now required ................... ... 72 Electoral Laws Amendment Act, No. 72 of 1962 .......... 72 IMMORALITY Cases of hardship under the Immorality Act ......... 73 Prosecutions and convictions under the Immorality Act ...... 74 Immorality Amendment Bill ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 74 THE AFRICAN RESERVES Deliberations of the Council of the Institute of Race Relations 75 The Prime Minister's views on the future of South Africa ....... 76 Self-government to be granted to the Transkei .............. 77 Boundaries of the Reserves ....... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... 78 Towns in the Transkei .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 79 Statement by the Institute of Race Relations ....... ....... ... 79 Developments in the Transkei: Proceedings of the recess committee of the Transkeian Territorial Authority .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 80 Meeting of the Territorial Authority ....... ....... ... 81 The draft constitution .... ... .... .... ... .... ... .... ... 84 People of Xhosa origin living outside the Transkei ...... 85 Coloured and White people in the Transkei .............. 86 Bantu authorities in the Transkei .... ... .... ... .... ... 87 Training of African administrators .... ... .... ....... ... 88 The administration of other African areas: T he C iskei ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 88 W estern areas .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 89 Free State ...... .. .. 89 N orthern areas ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... 90 Natal ... 91 A SURVEY OF RACE Page Total numbers of Bantu Authorities ... 93 The High Commission Territories ... 93 The extent of the Reserves ... ... ... 95 Five-year development plan ...... 96 Expenditure for the current year ... 97 Agricultural development: Betternient schemes 98, Laud h oldings 98, Irrigation 99, Crops and slock 99. Industrial and mining development in the Reserves 101 Commercial development ......... 102 Register of urban Africans possessing various skills 104 Rural villages ........... .. .. 104 Border industries ... ... 106 OTHER AFRICAN AFFAIRS Urban Bantu Councils ..... 109 Influx control and the "pass laws": Convictions under the "pass laws". .... ... 109 Proposal to remove Africans from the Western Cape ....... 110 Proposal that the Southern Transvaal be treated as one unit 111 Fully urbanized Africans in and around Johannesburg ....... .Il African women in urban areas ....... .............. 112 Employment of "foreign" Africans ................... 113 Tanganyikans and Nyasas .... ....... ... ... .... ... ... 114 "Basket-makers of Korsten" .......................... 115 Arrests of politicians from the High Commission Territories 11 5 Control of influx of Africans from the High Commission Territories ... .... ... .... .... ... ... ........... 115 The legal status of African women: Registration of customary unions ... ...... 116 Compensation for African widows ... ... 117 Taxation of Africans: Native Laws Amendment Act, No. 46 of 1962 118 Taxes paid by Africans ......... .. .. ... 118 COLOURED AND ASIAN AFFAIRS The different "nations"