Rise of the Right
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The Rhetoric of the “March of Independence” in Poland (2010
ARTICLES WIELOKULTUROWość… Politeja No. 4(61), 2019, p. 149-166 https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.16.2019.61.09 Elżbieta WIącEK Jagiellonian University in Kraków [email protected] ThE RhETORIC OF THE “MARCH OF INDEPENDENCE” IN POLAND (2010-2017) AS THE ANswER FOR THE POLICY OF MULTICULTURALIsm IN EU AND THE REFUGEE CRISIS ABSTRact In 2010, Polish far-right nationalist groups hit upon the idea of establishing one common nationwide march to celebrate National Independence Day in Poland. Since then, the participants have manifested their attachment to Polish tradi- tion, and their anti-multicultural attitude. Much of the debate about multicul- turalism and the emergence of conflictual and socially divisive ethnic groupings has addressed ethical concerns. In contrast, this paper focuses on the semiotic and structural level of the problem. Key words: March of Independence, nationalism, refugees, values, patriotism 150 Elżbieta Wiącek POLITEJA 4(61)/2019 fter Poland’s accession to the European Union in May 2004 new laws on national, Aethnic and linguistic minorities were accepted and put into practice.1 However, cur- rent Polish multiculturalism is different from that of multi-ethnic or immigrant societies such as the UK. Indeed, multiculturalism in contemporary Poland can be seen as a his- torical phenomenon, one linked to the long-lasting ‘folklorisation’ of diversity. For in- stance, although ‘multicultural’ festivals are organised in cities, towns and in borderland regions, all of them refer to past ‘multi-ethnic’ or religiously diversified life. Tolerance is evoked as an old Polish historical tradition. The historical Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania (1385-1795) was in itself diverse linguistically, ethnically and religiously, and it also welcomed various ethnic and religious minorities, especially Jews. -
TU1206-WG1-014 TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report S
Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Vienna TU1206-WG1-014 TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report S. Pfl eiderer, G. Götzl & S.Geier Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 COST TU1206 Sub-Urban Report TU1206-WG1-14 Published March 2016 Authors: S. Pfleiderer, G. Götzl & S.Geier Editors: Ola M. Sæther and Achim A. Beylich (NGU) Layout: Guri V. Ganerød (NGU) COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a pan-European intergovernmental framework. Its mission is to enable break-through scientific and technological developments leading to new concepts and products and thereby contribute to strengthening Europe’s research and innovation capacities. It allows researchers, engineers and scholars to jointly develop their own ideas and take new initiatives across all fields of science and technology, while promoting multi- and interdisciplinary approaches. COST aims at fostering a better integration of less research intensive countries to the knowledge hubs of the European Research Area. The COST Association, an International not-for-profit Association under Belgian Law, integrates all management, governing and administrative functions necessary for the operation of the framework. The COST Association has currently 36 Member Countries. www.cost.eu www.sub-urban.eu www.cost.eu Acknowledgements “This report is based upon work from COST Action TU1206 Sub-Urban, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Sub-Urban is a European network to improve understanding and the use of the ground beneath our cities (www.sub-urban.eu)”. Geological Survey of Austria Vienna Municipal Department for Energy Planning Content 1. -
The Empire Is Back
KNOWLEDGE FROM THE EMPIRE IS BACK TEXT: JEANNETTE GODDAR The Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire are long gone – but in many European cities, they are still very much alive. 58 In Vienna, for example, remem- brance of the times when the city was besieged by the Turks is fostered, while the tens of thou- ment park. To put it another way: in liberation from the Turks. Today, the sands of Viennese citizens of most cases, it is not the capital of place is marked by a plaque, with the Turkish origin are ignored. At the Austria that people are shown in their following inscription in Latin: “Once, Max Planck Institute for the first encounter with this city, but the Maria came to save us from suffering Study of Religious and Ethnic hub of the Habsburg dynasty, which at the hands of the Turks. Proud stone came to an end just over a hundred figures expressed the gratitude of Diversity in Goettingen, a team years ago. However, such city tours their city.” led by Jeremy F. Walton is studying also take them past reminders – some the way in which former empires of them more visible, some less – of There is more to this story: a number of are treated today. the two sieges of Vienna by the Otto- buildings in Vienna are decorated man Empire. In 1529 and 1683, Otto- with shimmering golden “Turkish man troops stood on the outskirts of cannonballs” that symbolize the the capital of the Danube Monarchy. Ottoman bombardment of the city. Visitors to Vienna are keen to tour the They were unsuccessful in their There are stone sculptures showing city in one of the many traditional and attempts to seize the city, but to this Ottoman horsemen, a park called comfortable horse-drawn carriages day, the story is firmly anchored in “Tuerkenschanzpark” (Turkish that solicit customers all day long Austrian historiography. -
A Divided Hungary in Europe
A Divided Hungary in Europe A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699 Edited by Gábor Almási, Szymon Brzeziński, Ildikó Horn, Kees Teszelszky and Áron Zarnóczki Volume 3 The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania Edited by Kees Teszelszky A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699; Volume 3 – The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania, Edited by Kees Teszelszky This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Kees Teszelszky and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-6688-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-6688-0 As a three volume set: ISBN (10): 1-4438-7128-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7128-0 CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ ix In Search of Hungary in Europe: An Introduction ...................................... 1 Kees Teszelszky The Genesis and Metamorphosis of Images of Hungary in the Holy Roman Empire ........................................................................................... 15 Nóra G. Etényi The fertilitas Pannoniae Topos in German Literature after the Second Siege of Vienna in 1683 ............................................................................. 45 Orsolya Lénárt Forms and Functions of the Image of Hungary in Poland-Lithuania ....... 61 Szymon Brzeziński Hungary and the Hungarians in Italian Public Opinion during and after the Long Turkish War................................................................ -
International Reports 2/2018
Source: © Nikolay Doychinov, Reuters. Doychinov, © Nikolay Source: Source: © Source: Itar Tass , Reuters. Other Topics Is Islam a Part of Eastern Europe? Thoughts on History, Religion, and National Identity in the Eastern EU Countries Alexander Beribes / Leo Mausbach / Johannes Jungeblut 68 The refugee crisis revealed lines of division in the EU that had previously been hidden, especially with respect to the eastern member states. The discussion in Germany often fails to take sufficient account of the variety of experiences and perspec- tives in these countries. One significant explanatory factor for the reaction to the reception of refugees from Islamic coun- tries is the historic understanding of national identity. The EU expansion eastwards was intended to Visegrád Countries finally remedy almost half a century of Euro- pean division. However, in light of the refugee The Visegrád Group, founded in 1991 and still crisis and conflicting views it brought about on at a lower level of institutionalisation, consists the placement of asylum seekers, stereotypes of Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and are returning, dividing in media discourse our Hungary. After the four countries achieved continent into “progressive and tolerant West- membership in NATO and the EU, interest in the ern Europeans” on the one hand and “backward cooperation declined. It experienced no signifi- Eastern Europeans” on the other. Despite the fact cant revival until the European refugee crisis of that populist and Islamophobic parties have even 2015. been successful in Western Europe as well, it is crucial to examine the matter in a nuanced light What especially unites the four East-Central when considering the eastern part of the EU. -
Representations of Eastern Europe in NATO and EU Expansion Jason N
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2003 European Re-Union: Representations of Eastern Europe in NATO and EU Expansion Jason N. Dittmer Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES EUROPEAN RE-UNION: REPRESENTATIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE IN NATO AND EU EXPANSION By JASON N. DITTMER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Geography In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2003 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jason N. Dittmer defended on March 25, 2003 ______________________________ Patrick O’Sullivan Professor Directing Dissertation Jonathan Grant Outside Committee Member ______________________________ Jonathan Leib Committee Member ______________________________ Jan Kodras Committee Member Approved: _____________________________ Barney Warf, Chair, Department of Geography The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above committee members. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, who always made her children’s education a priority and gave up many of her own personal satisfactions to make sure that we were in the best schools with the best teachers. Thanks Mom… This dissertation is also dedicated to Karl Fiebelkorn, who would be mortified to know that something so academic as this dissertation was dedicated to him. But think of it this way Karl – this is just to tide you over until I can dedicate to you my magnum opus: “I See How It Is”: Reflections on Brotherhood. You are missed, Karl. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the assistance of a great many of my colleagues and friends, who have all influenced my thoughts on these matters (and many others). -
Introduction: Framing 'Turks'
I NTRODUCTION : Framing ‘Turks’ By Peter Madsen The Fall of Constantinople On May 29th 1453, Constantinople was captured by Mehmed II after 53 days of siege. The prominent humanist Aeneas Silvio Piccolomini, who would later become Pope Pius II, was at that point assisting the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrick III in Austria. In a letter from the Emperor’s summer residence in Graz, Piccolomini a couple of months after the capture reacted to information about what happened to Constantinople. Recently, he wrote, information that Constantinople had been captured had prompted him to write a letter (July 12th) to the Pope (Nicholas V), yet new information seemed to confirm that help had arrived and the city been defended. After no less than two months he did not have precise information, despite his situation at one of the centers of power. Knowledge about the distant events depended on letters or informants and would often be indirect, e.g., by way of Venice. When more elaborate accounts began to circulate many would depend on other accounts, and even eyewitness experience would be filtered through established patterns of interpretation. From Leonardo Guisiniani of Chios, who was bishop at Mytilini in the Aegean archipelagos, the pope received a description of the capture and the ensuing pillage. Leonardo’s account was dated August 16th, i.e., about two and a half months after the capture. It seems that this text became a model for several later accounts and thus provided a kind of standard description and to some extent also interpretation. 1 The Old Testament idea of the wrath of God castigating sinners is a frequently applied topos in interpretations of defeats to Muslims, whether ‘Saracens’, ‘Moors’ or ‘Turks’, and Old Testament texts on Babylonian captures of Jerusalem may also very well have been on the mind of authors of descriptions of the Fall of Constantinople.2 With a view of the importance of Leonardo’s text, an extended quotation can demonstrate representations circulating in Europe at the time and for many years after. -
Hungary's Relations with the Ottoman Empire
HUNGARY’S RELATIONS WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPİRE GEZA FEHER* The paths of the Turkish and Hungarian peoples, from their prehistory to these days have been connected by hundreds of threads. An objective evaluation of the connection between Turkey and Hungary in the 16th-17th centuries /the Turkish occupation of Hungary/, as well as in the 18th-19th centuries /a generous relation, fruitful for both parties/ requires going back to the most ancient past common to them. As far as we know at present, the original home of the Hungarian na- tion /the Magyars/—whose way of life at that time was determined by fishing and hunting— might have been at the western ranges of the Ural, in the provinces around the rivers Volga and Kama. After migrating from the original home southward, the Hungarian nation lived, for centuries, in the neighbourhood of Iranian and Turkish-speaking tribes, in the northen region of the Eurasian steppes. Here the Hungarians, though at a slow pace, changed över to animal keeping. When their culture and economy had changed, their vocabulary became enriched with Iranian and Turkish words. However, the ansvvers to the questions that might be raised in con nection with this process, are given, as we have not any written sources, first of ali by the results of linguistics, archeology, and anthropology. In the second half of the 5th century, when, in a wave of the great invasions, the Turkish peoples dragged the Hungarian nation along with them, and, hence, the latter drifted to the south of its earlier settlement, to the coast of the Black Sea and the regions beside the river Kuban, the connection between the two nations became closer. -
The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iii The Enemy at the Gate Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe ANDREW WHEATCROFT A MEMBER OF THE PERSEUS BOOKS GROUP NEW YORK 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page iv Copyright © 2008 by Andrew Wheatcroft Published in the United State 2009 by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group Published in Great Britain 2008 by The Bodley Head, Random House Extracts for T.S. Eliot’s “Little Giddling” and “The Dry Salvages” reproduced by kind permission of the Estate of T.S. Eliot and Faber and Faber Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail [email protected]. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. LCCN: 2008938931 ISBN-13: 978-0-465-01374-6 British ISBN: 9780224073646 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 046501374-text.qxd:Layout 1 2/17/09 11:06 AM Page v For Denise Gurney Wheatcroft 1914–2007 Mutter, du machtest ihn klein, du warsts, die ihn anfing; dir war er neu, du beugtest über die neuen Augen die freundliche Welt und wehrtest der fremden. -
HISTORY the HOFBURG SITE a Distinctive Feature of the Hofburg
HISTORY THE HOFBURG SITE A distinctive feature of the Hofburg site is its unusual continuity. The original Hofburg, or Castle of the Court, was founded by an emperor of the Staufer dynasty. The plans of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen to govern Austria as a territory directly under the Emperor’s authority made it necessary to erect a city castle within Vienna in 1237. A quadrangular castle with flanking corner towers based on the southern Italian model was subsequently put under construction until the mid-13th century. But the castle itself was not completed either during the reign of Frederick II or during the last few years of the reign of Frederick the Quarrelsome. The quadrangular castle was most probably completed by the Bohemian king Přemysl Ottokar II during the last years of his reign. Over the centuries the building complex was steadily expanded by the Habsburg rulers of Austria. Under Duke Albrecht II the Hofburg became the main residence of the Habsburg Dukes of Austria. In 1327 King Frederick the Fair founded Vienna’s Augustinian Church. The nave of the Augustinian Church is thought to have been completed in 1370. The Church itself was one of the most important locations for dynastic ceremonies celebrated by the imperial family. Emperor Frederick III succeeded in acquiring the palace of the Count of Cilli, which adjoined the Hofburg, thereby expanding the area of the Hofburg westwards. During the First Siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1529 the city’s mediaeval fortifications proved inadequate, and it was the bad weather rather than the city’s battlements that saved the city from the Ottoman army. -
Military Adaptation in the Ottoman Empire, 1683-1699
Journal of Student Research (2018) Volume 7, Issue 2: pp, 4-13 Review Article Ottoman Decline: Military Adaptation in the Ottoman Empire, 1683-1699 Stewart Kerra, Ian Germania The Siege of Vienna in 1683 by the Ottoman army marks a key shift in the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire. The power of the Ottomans had continuously risen since 1453 but the defeat of the Ottoman army at Vienna marked the beginning of Ottoman decline in military and geographical power. The years following the siege forced the Ottomans to fight a united alliance of Austrian, Venician, and Polish armies from Europe. This article follows the events from the siege of Vienna through to the year 1699, when the war following the siege, finally came to an end with the Ottomans seceding land to all three of its European opponents. By tracing the academic debate on what impacted the Ottoman defeat the most, the article explores the different theories behind why the Ottomans were defeated and what were the causes for the shift in power away from the Ottoman Empire and towards the countries in Europe. Keywords: Ottoman Empire History; Siege of Vienna; European History, Military History The Ottoman Empire is one of the longest lasting Ottoman Turks, had concentrated the might of the Ottoman empires in history. At its peak it stretched from Hungary in army on one siege of the Habsburg capital in an attempt to Eastern Europe to modern day Iraq and Saudi Arabia, to the become a legend in Ottoman history. A loss on either side Mediterranean coast of North Africa. -
Floods, Fights and a Fluid River: the Viennese Danube in the Sixteenth Century
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Water Hist (2013) 5:173–194 DOI 10.1007/s12685-013-0077-z Floods, fights and a fluid river: the Viennese Danube in the sixteenth century Christoph Sonnlechner • Severin Hohensinner • Gertrud Haidvogl Received: 25 September 2012 / Accepted: 25 March 2013 Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Alluvial rivers can show unpredictable channel changes and humans living along the river corridor repeatedly have to cope with the alterations of their physical environment. This was specifically the case in the mid-sixteenth century, when the Viennese were confronted with one major problem: the Danube River successively abandoned its main arm that ran close to the city and shifted further north. This was at the time when Vienna became the permanent residence of the Holy Roman Empire (except from 1583 to 1611 when it was moved to Prague), due to the Habsburgs holding the crown. Vienna was also the capital of the so-called Danube Monarchy, which came into being in the early sixteenth century. The city assumed increasing significance, being home to and hosting important authorities and persons. In particular after the first siege by the Ottoman army in 1529, the resource need for a complex fortification system was extremely high. This paper aims to highlight: (1) the morphological Danube dynamics together with floods and extreme weather situations in the sixteenth century; (2) the main actors in the trans- formation of the Danube; (3) changes of the river’s course from 1550 to 1600/1650 and the consequences for bridging the river and the infrastructure as a whole; (4) the massive engineering measures that were undertaken in order to secure Vienna’s requirements in the sixteenth century; (5) the question of floodplain settlements, and (6) the contested use of resources on the Viennese Danube floodplain.