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Selim I–Mehmet Vi)
CHRONOLOGY (SELIM I–MEHMET VI) Years of Sultan Important dates reign 1512–1520 Selim I Conquest of Egypt, Selim assumes the title of Caliph (1517) 1520–1566 Süleyman Vienna sieged (1529); War with Venice (1537–1540); Annexation of Hungary (1541) 1566–1574 Selim II Ottoman navy loses the battle of Lepanto (1571) 1574–1595 Murad III Janissary revolts (1589 and 1591–1592) 1595–1603 Mehmed III War with Austria continues (1595– ) 1603–1617 Ahmed I War with Austria ends; Buda is recovered (1604) 1617–1622 Osman II Janissaries murder Osman (1622) 1622–1623 Mustafa I Janissary Revolt (1622) 1623–1640 Murad IV Baghdad recovered (1638); War with Iran (1624–1639) 1640–1648 İbrahim I War with Venice (1645); Assassination of İbrahim (1648) 1648–1687 Mehmed IV Janissary dominance in Istanbul and anar- chy (1649–1651); War with Venice continues (1663); War with Austria, and siege of Vienna (1683) 1687–1691 Süleyman II Janissary revolt (1687); Austria’s occupation of Belgrade (1688) 1691–1695 Ahmed II War with Austria (1694) 1695–1703 Mustafa II Treaty of Karlowitz (1699); Janissary revolt and deposition of Mustafa (1703) 1703–1730 Ahmed III Refuge of Karl XII (1709); War with Venice (1714–1718); War with Austria (1716); Treaty of Passarowitz (1718); ix x REFORMING OTTOMAN GOVERNANCE Tulip Era (1718–1730) 1730–1754 Mahmud I War with Russia and Austria (1736–1759) 1754–1774 Mustafa III War with Russia (1768); Russian Fleet in the Aegean (1770); Inva- sion of the Crimea (1771) 1774–1789 Abdülhamid I Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774); War with Russia (1787) -
Sex Offender Notification Celtics Make 10-Year, $25M Social Justice Commitment by CARL by MICHAEL P
Search for The Westfield News Westfield350.comTheThe Westfield WestfieldNews News Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY WEATHER CRITIC WITHOUT TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 TUESDAY, JUNE 27, 2017 75 cents $1.00 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2020 VOL. 89 NO. 219 Mandated flu vaccine added to Westfield school immunization policy By AMY PORTER nale behind it, but I know there Staff Writer are a lot of people who are going WESTFIELD – The Westfield to be upset about it, so I just Public Schools immunization want to make sure everybody policy was amended during a understands our hands are tied. special Westfield School We can’t vote to not do it because Committee meeting Sept. 8 to it’s law, or policy, or regulation add a required flu vaccine for all — whatever it is – that comes students per Gov. Charlie down, that is in the purview of Westfield Board of Health nurse Debra Mulvenna applies a band-aid to a Baker’s recent mandate. The the governor.” senior citizen during a past flu shot clinic at the Westfield Council on Aging. policy will now go to a regular Diaz said there are pending (THE WESTFIELD NEWS PHOTO) School Committee meeting for a cases in the courts against the vote. required flu immunization The new influenza require- already. ment. which is one dose vaccine Mayhew said Baker may over- Flu clinics good practice for the current flu season, must turn the mandate. “There’s be received annually by Dec. -
The Romanization of Romania: a Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Lovely, Colleen Ann, "The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage" (2016). Honors Theses. 178. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/178 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage By Colleen Ann Lovely ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Departments of Classics and Anthropology UNION COLLEGE March 2016 Abstract LOVELY, COLLEEN ANN The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage. Departments of Classics and Anthropology, March 2016. ADVISORS: Professor Stacie Raucci, Professor Robert Samet This thesis looks at the Roman military and how it was the driving force which spread Roman culture. The Roman military stabilized regions, providing protection and security for regions to develop culturally and economically. Roman soldiers brought with them their native cultures, languages, and religions, which spread through their interactions and connections with local peoples and the communities in which they were stationed. -
The Concept of Ministry in the Arabic Political Tradition Its Origin, Development, and Linguistic Reflection
The Concept of Ministry in the Arabic Political Tradition Its origin, development, and linguistic reflection IVAN V. SIVKOV Abstract The paper presents the results of an analysis of the term “ministry” (wizāra) as one of the pivotal concepts in the Arabic/Islamic political tradition. The ministry as key political/administrative institution in the Arabic/Islamic traditional state machinery is researched from a historical/institutional perspective. The concept of ministry is treated from the point of its origin and historical development, as well as its changeable role and meaning in the variable Arabic political system. The paper is primarily dedicated to the investigation of the realization of the concept of ministry and its different types and branches in the Arabic language through the etymological and semantic examination of the terms used to denote this institution during the long period of administrative development of the Arabic world from its establishment as such and during the inception of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate to its usage in administrative apparatus of modern Arab states. The paper is based on Arabic narrative sources such as historical chronicles, collections of the official documents of modern Arabic states, and the lists of its chief magistrates (with special reference to government composition and structure). Keywords: term, terminology, concept, semantic, etymology, value, derivation Introduction The term wazīr is traditionally used to denote the position of vizier who was the state secretary, the aide, helper and councilor of the caliph/sultan of the highest rank in the administrative apparatus of ʿAbbāsid Caliphate and its successor states (e.g., Būyids, Fāṭimids, Ayyūbids and Salǧūqs). -
The Rhetoric of the “March of Independence” in Poland (2010
ARTICLES WIELOKULTUROWość… Politeja No. 4(61), 2019, p. 149-166 https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.16.2019.61.09 Elżbieta WIącEK Jagiellonian University in Kraków [email protected] ThE RhETORIC OF THE “MARCH OF INDEPENDENCE” IN POLAND (2010-2017) AS THE ANswER FOR THE POLICY OF MULTICULTURALIsm IN EU AND THE REFUGEE CRISIS ABSTRact In 2010, Polish far-right nationalist groups hit upon the idea of establishing one common nationwide march to celebrate National Independence Day in Poland. Since then, the participants have manifested their attachment to Polish tradi- tion, and their anti-multicultural attitude. Much of the debate about multicul- turalism and the emergence of conflictual and socially divisive ethnic groupings has addressed ethical concerns. In contrast, this paper focuses on the semiotic and structural level of the problem. Key words: March of Independence, nationalism, refugees, values, patriotism 150 Elżbieta Wiącek POLITEJA 4(61)/2019 fter Poland’s accession to the European Union in May 2004 new laws on national, Aethnic and linguistic minorities were accepted and put into practice.1 However, cur- rent Polish multiculturalism is different from that of multi-ethnic or immigrant societies such as the UK. Indeed, multiculturalism in contemporary Poland can be seen as a his- torical phenomenon, one linked to the long-lasting ‘folklorisation’ of diversity. For in- stance, although ‘multicultural’ festivals are organised in cities, towns and in borderland regions, all of them refer to past ‘multi-ethnic’ or religiously diversified life. Tolerance is evoked as an old Polish historical tradition. The historical Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania (1385-1795) was in itself diverse linguistically, ethnically and religiously, and it also welcomed various ethnic and religious minorities, especially Jews. -
The Lexicon of Buda. a Glimpse Into the Beginnings of Mainstream Romanian Lexicography
The Lexicon of Buda. A Glimpse into the Beginnings of Mainstream Romanian Lexicography Bogdan Harhata, Maria Aldea, Lilla Marta Vremir & Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta Keywords: Romanian lexicography, Transylvania, academic, tradition. Abstract This paper is the result of a project aimed to e-ready a dictionary dating back to 1825, namely the Lexicon of Buda (1825) that is often referred to as the starting point of Romanian modern lexicography. The expressed aim of this paper is to illustrate that The Lexicon of Buda anticipates a log tradition in the academic Romanian lexicography. In order to provide a better understanding of why this lexicon holds its place among lexicographers and linguists, there is a brief description of the status of Romanian lexicography previous to 1800, followed by a short historical development. The second part illustrates the technical novelties inherited by Romanian Academy's lexicographic works, and shows that what this lexicon and the academic dictionaries have in common are the central position in the Romanian cultural establishment and the fact that they are normative and aim to unify the linguistic norm of Romanian. 1. Why the Lexicon? This paper is the result of a project that attempts to e-ready a Romanian dictionary dating back to 1825, namely the Lesicon românesc-lătinesc-unguresc-nemțesc care de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trizeci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat seu Lexicon Valachico-Latino- Hungarico-Germanicum, quod a pluribus auctoribus decursu triginta et amplius annorum elaboratum est [Romanian-Latin-Hungarian-German Lexicon, elaborated by thirty authors over more than thirty years] (LB). According to Romanian linguist and philologist Lazăr 2 Șăineanu, author himself of a dictionary of Romanian language largely disseminated (ȘDU), this lexicon marks the birth of modern Romanian lexicography; see Șăineanu (1982: 184). -
TU1206-WG1-014 TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report S
Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Vienna TU1206-WG1-014 TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report S. Pfl eiderer, G. Götzl & S.Geier Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 COST TU1206 Sub-Urban Report TU1206-WG1-14 Published March 2016 Authors: S. Pfleiderer, G. Götzl & S.Geier Editors: Ola M. Sæther and Achim A. Beylich (NGU) Layout: Guri V. Ganerød (NGU) COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a pan-European intergovernmental framework. Its mission is to enable break-through scientific and technological developments leading to new concepts and products and thereby contribute to strengthening Europe’s research and innovation capacities. It allows researchers, engineers and scholars to jointly develop their own ideas and take new initiatives across all fields of science and technology, while promoting multi- and interdisciplinary approaches. COST aims at fostering a better integration of less research intensive countries to the knowledge hubs of the European Research Area. The COST Association, an International not-for-profit Association under Belgian Law, integrates all management, governing and administrative functions necessary for the operation of the framework. The COST Association has currently 36 Member Countries. www.cost.eu www.sub-urban.eu www.cost.eu Acknowledgements “This report is based upon work from COST Action TU1206 Sub-Urban, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Sub-Urban is a European network to improve understanding and the use of the ground beneath our cities (www.sub-urban.eu)”. Geological Survey of Austria Vienna Municipal Department for Energy Planning Content 1. -
Villas of Wealth: a Historical Perspective on New Residences in Post-Socialist Hungary
ANDRE P. CZEGLEDY University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Villas of Wealth: A Historical Perspective on New Residences in Post-Socialist Hungary THE CONTEMPORARY INTEREST in large-scale residential villas has found new favor among the economic elite of Hungary. Having chosen to express their social position in the material and aesthetic terms of their existence, do the architectural conventions of the elite now reflect indigenous or foreign tastes and traditions? This paper investigates how the construction of such sumptuous residences draws on a variety of sources for inspiration mirroring both the new potentials and the new disparities generated in post-socialist, central eastern Europe today. [Architecture, urban history, elite, post- socialist, Hungary] OMING UNDER THE COLLOQUIAL term of villa, the new luxury residences along Strawberry Street, Quince Street and C many of the other thoroughfares in District XI of Budapest are a stark contrast to the houses and residential complexes beside them. From their private, off-road parking spaces to their manicured lawns and neat mansard roofs, from the expensive, foreign materials used in their construction to the impressive size of their lots and frontage, no passerby can mistake the wealth and prestige which they proclaim from behind a variety of discrete half-wall fences and immaculately clipped topiary. Situated in the quiet suburb of Gazdagret off the western bank of the Danube river, these houses resemble neither the modest bungalow homes of the original neighborhood nor the eleven-story concrete apartment buildings of the Soviet-inspired housing estate built directly to the south. In a way which finds recurrent parallel throughout nearby urban districts nestled amidst the Buda hills of the capital city, the construction of such sumptuous residences side-by-side with their neighbors mirrors both the new potentials and the new disparities being generated in post- socialist central eastern Europe today. -
A Study of Muslim Economic Thinking in the 11Th A.H
Munich Personal RePEc Archive A study of Muslim economic thinking in the 11th A.H. / 17th C.E. century Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75431/ MPRA Paper No. 75431, posted 06 Dec 2016 02:55 UTC Abdul Azim Islahi Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publising Centre King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia FOREWORD There are numerous works on the history of Islamic economic thought. But almost all researches come to an end in 9th AH/15th CE century. We hardly find a reference to the economic ideas of Muslim scholars who lived in the 16th or 17th century, in works dealing with the history of Islamic economic thought. The period after the 9th/15th century remained largely unexplored. Dr. Islahi has ventured to investigate the periods after the 9th/15th century. He has already completed a study on Muslim economic thinking and institutions in the 10th/16th century (2009). In the mean time, he carried out the study on Muslim economic thinking during the 11th/17th century, which is now in your hand. As the author would like to note, it is only a sketch of the economic ideas in the period under study and a research initiative. It covers the sources available in Arabic, with a focus on the heartland of Islam. There is a need to explore Muslim economic ideas in works written in Persian, Turkish and other languages, as the importance of these languages increased in later periods. -
Beyond the Bosphorus: the Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596
BEYOND THE BOSPHORUS: THE HOLY LAND IN ENGLISH REFORMATION LITERATURE, 1516-1596 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Jessica Wolfe Patrick O’Neill Mary Floyd-Wilson Reid Barbour Megan Matchinske ©2019 Jerrod Nathan Rosenbaum ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jerrod Rosenbaum: Beyond the Bosphorus: The Holy Land in English Reformation Literature, 1516-1596 (Under the direction of Jessica Wolfe) This dissertation examines the concept of the Holy Land, for purposes of Reformation polemics and apologetics, in sixteenth-century English Literature. The dissertation focuses on two central texts that are indicative of two distinct historical moments of the Protestant Reformation in England. Thomas More's Utopia was first published in Latin at Louvain in 1516, roughly one year before the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses signaled the commencement of the Reformation on the Continent and roughly a decade before the Henrician Reformation in England. As a humanist text, Utopia contains themes pertinent to internal Church reform, while simultaneously warning polemicists and ecclesiastics to leave off their paltry squabbles over non-essential religious matters, lest the unity of the Church catholic be imperiled. More's engagement with the Holy Land is influenced by contemporary researches into the languages of that region, most notably the search for the original and perfect language spoken before the episode at Babel. As the confusion of tongues at Babel functions etiologically to account for the origin of all ideological conflict, it was thought that the rediscovery of the prima lingua might resolve all conflict. -
Cesifo Working Paper No. 6586 Category 2: Public Choice
6586 2017 July 2017 Activated History – The Case of the Turkish Sieges of Vienna Christian Ochsner, Felix Roesel Impressum: CESifo Working Papers ISSN 2364‐1428 (electronic version) Publisher and distributor: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH The international platform of Ludwigs‐Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the ifo Institute Poschingerstr. 5, 81679 Munich, Germany Telephone +49 (0)89 2180‐2740, Telefax +49 (0)89 2180‐17845, email [email protected] Editors: Clemens Fuest, Oliver Falck, Jasmin Gröschl www.cesifo‐group.org/wp An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded ∙ from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com ∙ from the RePEc website: www.RePEc.org ∙ from the CESifo website: www.CESifo‐group.org/wp CESifo Working Paper No. 6586 Category 2: Public Choice Activated History – The Case of the Turkish Sieges of Vienna Abstract We study whether long-gone but activated history can shape social attitudes and behavior even after centuries. We exploit the case of the sieges of Vienna in 1529 and 1683, when Turkish troops pillaged individual municipalities across East Austria. In 2005, Austrian right-wing populists started to campaign against Turks and Muslims and explicitly referred to the Turkish sieges. We show that right-wing voting increased in once pillaged municipalities compared to non-pillaged municipalities after the campaigns were launched, but not before. The effects are substantial: Around one out of ten votes for the far-right in a once pillaged municipality is caused by salient history. We conclude that campaigns can act as tipping points and catalyze history in a nonlinear fashion. -
The Empire Is Back
KNOWLEDGE FROM THE EMPIRE IS BACK TEXT: JEANNETTE GODDAR The Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire are long gone – but in many European cities, they are still very much alive. 58 In Vienna, for example, remem- brance of the times when the city was besieged by the Turks is fostered, while the tens of thou- ment park. To put it another way: in liberation from the Turks. Today, the sands of Viennese citizens of most cases, it is not the capital of place is marked by a plaque, with the Turkish origin are ignored. At the Austria that people are shown in their following inscription in Latin: “Once, Max Planck Institute for the first encounter with this city, but the Maria came to save us from suffering Study of Religious and Ethnic hub of the Habsburg dynasty, which at the hands of the Turks. Proud stone came to an end just over a hundred figures expressed the gratitude of Diversity in Goettingen, a team years ago. However, such city tours their city.” led by Jeremy F. Walton is studying also take them past reminders – some the way in which former empires of them more visible, some less – of There is more to this story: a number of are treated today. the two sieges of Vienna by the Otto- buildings in Vienna are decorated man Empire. In 1529 and 1683, Otto- with shimmering golden “Turkish man troops stood on the outskirts of cannonballs” that symbolize the the capital of the Danube Monarchy. Ottoman bombardment of the city. Visitors to Vienna are keen to tour the They were unsuccessful in their There are stone sculptures showing city in one of the many traditional and attempts to seize the city, but to this Ottoman horsemen, a park called comfortable horse-drawn carriages day, the story is firmly anchored in “Tuerkenschanzpark” (Turkish that solicit customers all day long Austrian historiography.