Luis Aran and Lindsey Estep
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Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Achievement (URSA) Presents April 22nd & 24th, 2008 Table of Contents College of Arts and Sciences ----------------------------------------------------------------------1 Department of Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Department of Art ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Department of Biology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Department of Classics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Department of Environmental Studies --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Department of Geology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Department of History------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 Department of Journalism----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Department of Modern Foreign Languages------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Department of Philosophy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Department of Physics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Department of Political Science---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Department of Religion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Department of Sociology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 Hankamer School of Business------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 Department of Marketing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 School of Education -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Curriculum and Instruction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Department of Educational Psychology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 College of Arts and Sciences Department of Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology Jay Creighton and Anali Gatlin Faculty Mentor: Dr. Sara Alexander Putting People First: The Challenges of Local Participation in Community Development (Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology) Since developing countries are facing economic problems at multiple levels, it is critical that development projects utilize available local resources to their fullest extent. Research addressing issues around the development process indicate a strong correlation between the necessity of community participation in planning and implementing development projects if they are to be sustainable. Cernea notes that without local participation, projects are often unsuitable, unwanted, and may be opposed by the communities they are expected to benefit (1991). Researchers caution development planners not to underestimate the power locals have to derail development plans if they feel inclined to do so. Local people may not have much power to influence the design of a project, but they wield a great deal of power when they oppose a project. As Schwartz and Deruyttere note, “…their power is usually more negative than positive; it is the power not to do rather than to do” that is most influential (1996). Consulting with the community is a way of harnessing that power and energy to make certain that locals will support the project rather than actively or passively ensuring its failure (ibid.). Belize has oftentimes fallen short of their sustainable development through community participation goals. The government recognizes the need to ‘do development differently' but does not have the knowledge about development strategies to guide communities through the process effectively. This poster will explore key factors that have acted to facilitate or constrain local participation in community development projects in western Belize. Scott Kuykendall Faculty Mentor: Dr. Garrett Cook The Design of Offerings at Maya Shrines (Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology) The Costumbristas (traditionalists) of Santiago Momostenango, Guatemala follow a religion that mixes Catholic practices and beliefs with ancestral indigenous Mayan religion. They conduct ceremonies which are without a doubt different from one ceremony to the next, yet at the same time they follow similar patterns in design and routine. There is a distinct cultural pattern involved in the ceremonies exampled in the combinations of offerings and the symbols laid out upon the altar. The ceremonies and symbols used are in correlation with particular days in the Mayan Calendar. The Costumbrista culture of Momostango uses incense, spices, herbs, candies, candles, flowers and fruits, each with a particular purpose. The research conducted in this project observed and analyzed numerous ceremonies and documented as well as photographed the techniques used in preparing altars, the process of making offerings through the altar, and the reasoning behind each ingredient used by the Costombrista. By the aid of audio recorded ceremonies I was able to discover and explain the cultural patterning of offerings and of the design features of the altars and ceremonies. Robert Moore Faculty Mentor: Dr. Garrett Cook Mayan Sacred Music and the Spirits (Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology) The religious ceremonies and festival celebrations in Momostenango, Guatemala include live music performances as important parts of the proceedings. This project is based on recordings and interviews of Momostecan musicians involved in these performances. Live music holds an integral place in the annual fiesta for the Patron Saint Santiago of Momostenango every July, and in this project I investigate the specific conventions, forms, and purposes of religious dance-drama music at the fiesta. I look specifically at the formal structure and narrative value of the marimba songs that make up the Deer-Monkeys dance-drama (a performance included in the fiesta), its meaning in the context of the fiesta, and the duties required of the dance-drama musicians. One purpose of this music is to connect the living people with supernatural beings, and because of this it is evaluated differently from popular market music; its success is measured in terms of its religious adequacy. In my project I discuss this different paradigm of musical evaluation and how it affects the contemporary practice of this music tradition. I conclude with ideas about music’s potential to unite living people with perceived supernatural beings and the consequences of this connection. Page 1 of 23 Megan McNerney Faculty Mentor: Dr. Garrett Cook Effects of Formal Education on Indigenous Women in Momostenango (Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology) Within the K’iche’ Maya community of Momostenango, Guatemala, there exists a quiet cultural tension regarding the role of formal education. Many of the older generation express reservations regarding its impact upon the indigenous culture, as it replaces the social networks and customs which have defined their community with those deemed more appropriate by outside entities. This cultural replacement does not occur equitably as it does not affect rural women to the degree that it affects the women in town. Education for rural women comes at a high opportunity cost, as females have particular roles in providing for children and tending agricultural and market interests. Therefore these women attend schools with a decreased frequency and reduced cultural replacement. Cultural replacement has led to generational differences. Women of younger generations have diversified interests, as they seek not only to provide for their families, but for themselves as well. Evidenced by the popularity of women’s empowerment groups, the importance of one’s individual financial stability has become an additional concern for many young women. Education may allow women to become financially stable and ascend the social hierarchy, but the traditional view of women as housekeepers has not diminished, creating tension. Jesi Mann and Kassie Kemp Faculty Mentor: Professor Carol Macaulay A Toyah Campsite on the Leon River: Excavations at the Upper Sprague Site (41HM54), Hamilton County (Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology) This presentation will provide an overview of the excavation activities