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Palaeontological Society of Japan Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan New Series No. 100 Supplement A Concise History of Palaeontology in Japan Edited by MATSUMOTO, T., T. HAMADA, H. UJIIE and Y. TAKAYANAGI (English editor: R. FUSEJIMA) Palaeontological Society of Japan June, 1976 Preface At the annual meeting on January 25th, 1975, our Society decided to publish "A Concise History of Palaeontology in Japan" as No. 100 supplement of the Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of japan, New Series, to commemorate the continued activity of the Society since its foundation in 1935. This has been materialized by cooperation of a number of contributors under the editorship of a committee specially organized for this purpose. We are very happy to present here this commemorative volume. On behalf of the Society we thank many of the members who have given valuable suggestions and/or financial support to enable us to publish this concise but memorial number 100s, and Honorary President Dr. Teiichi KOBAYASHI and other contributors to the following chapters. Apart from a short note entitled " List of fossil subgenera, genera and higher taxa proposed through Japanese publications" compiled by T. HAN AI and K. KONISHI, which appeared as an appendix to Geology of japan (TAKAI, MATSUMOTO and TORI­ YAMA, ed., 1963), the present publication is the first attempt of a comprehensive review of the history of palaeontology in Japan written in a Western language. In view of the great advancement in palaeontology and related sciences in recent years, the need of retrospects and prospects is keenly felt in each field as well as in the interdis­ ciplinary domain. The present work has been intended to meet these requirements, although each article is done as concisely as possible. Most of the references cited in the articles are found in " Bibliography of Japanese Palaeontology and Related \ Sciences, 1941-50; 1951-1960; 1961-1975" published in Palaeontological Society of japan, Special Papers, No. 1 (1951), No. 9 (1962), and forthcoming issue (1977). For brevity we omitted duplicate listing. It is our eager hope that the present publication may serve for improvement and advancement in future palaeontological studies at home and abroad. Editors A Concise History of Palaeontology in Japan Introduction to the History of Palaeontology in Japan Teiichi KOBAYASHI* Education and Research: It was the the Noachian deluge and Lusus Naturae. early quarter of last century that LA­ Since the Renaissance Natural History MARCK restricted the term fossil to progressed in Europe steadily. In the organic remain. Until the last quarter Orient Chu HSI 1 correctly understood the of the century, however, little has been origin of petrified shells some 300 years known of fossils in Japan. H. Th. GEYLER before DA VINCI, but the matter was not was the first to publish Fossile Pflanzen probed deeper to the bottom. In China, aus ]uraformation japans, Palaeonto­ however, was a long history of Pentsao2 , graphica, Band XXIV, 1877, denominating probably from the first century. Includ­ Podozamites reinii for a land plant in ing the knowledge on stone medicines favour of J.J. REIN who procured it at Pentsao was imported to Japan through the foot of Volcano Hakusan, Province Korea in the fifth century and made of Kaga (Ishikawa Prefecture), 1875. great advances in diverse trends since A Survey of Fossils from japan Illus­ the seventeenth century. Sekitei KIUCHI trated in Classical !yfonographs, 1963 con­ (1724-1808) recorded in Unkonshi3 (1773, sists of reproduced illustrations of ten '79, 1801) various rocks and minerals articles by ten pioneers which were pub­ including coin stone (crinoid), stone turf lished in Europe and their revised identi­ (coral), nails of a long nosed goblin4 fication. GEYLER was followed by NAU­ (shark's teeth) and so forth. This book MANN, SCHWAGER, MOJSISOVICS, NATH­ may be comparable to Lapidarium Sini­ ORST, BRAUNS, TEMPERE, YOKOYAMA, cum5 by H.T. CHANG", 1921. Such col­ NEUMAYR and JIMBO. YOKOYAMA's ar­ lecting and appr~ciation of curios bore ticle was the seventh, 1890 and JIMBo's no scientific value by themselves, but the the last, 1894, both on Cretaceous fossils. ardent curiosity of the so-called Roseki The others were SCHWAGER's fusulinids, (stone-trifling) school7 combined with the MOJSISOVICs' Triassic ammonites and serious efforts of Dutch scholars and pelecypods, NEUMAYR's Jurassic corals, others of Oriental Classics during the brachipods and molluscs in addition to age of national isolation prepared fertile YOKOYAMA's foraminifers, NATHORST's ground for west!;!rn seeds of palaeonto­ Mesozoic and Caenozoic land plants and logy and other sciences to be transported NAUMANN's elephants. Thus various as­ and soon naturalized in Japan. pects of Upper Palaeozoic and later fossils In 1877 when GEYLER's paper was were already sketched in these articles. published in Germany, the University of It was just about the dawn of Palaeonto­ Tokyo was established and palaeontology logy in Japan. _ was begun to be taught. Edmund NAU­ It was the fifteenth century that Leo­ MANN was the first professor of geology nardo DA VINCI challenged the tradition of 1 *;a 2 *lj!! a ~t&;t 4 ~E. Ez, ::R~IiJJT\E * University of Tokyo, Professor Emeritus. 5 E~ "*~iU 7 WEi* Trans. Pro c. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., (lOOs), 1976 2 MATSUMOTO, T. et al., edit.: and his chair was succeeded by Toyo­ zoic biostratigraphy of the festoon is­ kichi HARADA in 1885 through David lands. Because this series of his papers BRAUNS and Carl Christian GOTTSCHE. is such an indispensable reference to BRAUNS, Geology of the Environs of To­ Tertiary students, its taxonomic revision kio was printed in the i'vfemoirs of Sci­ was carried out by MAKIY AMA, T AKI and ence Department, Tokio Daigalw1 (Uni­ OYAMA in the light of recent conchology versity), No. 4, 1881. YOKOYAMA gra­ in Special Papers of the Palaeontological duated from the University in 1882 and Society of Japan, Nos. 2 & 6, 1954 & 1959 was appointed professor of palaeontology and OYAMA's re-revision on the type speci­ in 1889 when his jurassic Plants from mens from the Kanto area in Spec. Papers, Kaga, Hida and Echizen was published No. 17, 1973. Most of Japanese palaeont­ through jour. Col!. Sci. Imp. Univ., vol. ologists are, needless to say, either his 3, part 1. In 1882 the Geological Survey direct pupils or indirect ones through of Japan was established and in 1893 the Y ABE, MAKIY AMA, 0ZA WA and others. Geological Society of Tokyo (later Japan) Therefore, to commemorate this progeni­ founded and published its journal. Thus tor the Palaeontological Society of Japan Tokyo was the center of education and prepared its society medal with YOKO­ research in geology and palaeontology in YAMA's relief and conferred it first to the Meiji era (1869-1912). Y ABE in the Twenty-fifth Anniversary Products of this era were studies on of the Society. Mesozoic land plants and Jurassic marine YOKOYAMA ·was an excellent writer of molluscs by YOKOYAMA, fossil echinoids popular science. His ·books propagated by YciSHIWARA (later TOKUNAGA), Des­ palaeontology aud related sciences widely mostylus by YOSHIWARA and IWASAKI, in Japan. Many of technical terms and Cretaceous ammonites by Y ABE, Tertiary taxonomic names of his version into foraminifers, corals, bryozoans, gastro­ Chinese characters are internationally pods and Lithothamnium by NISHIWADA, used in the Orient. Early in 1891 he NEWTON and HOLLAND, Neogene ptero­ published Japanese Text-book of Palaeon­ pods by YAM AKA WA and [W ASAKI and tology1 in a concise form. Later he wrote so forth. Y ABE's Mesozoic plants and two standard hand-books with titles of Gigantopteris from Korea, 1905 and 1908 Prehistory of the World 2 (Historical Geo­ and YOKOYAMA's Mesozoic and Palaeo­ logy), 1918 and Elements of Palaeon­ zoic plants from China, 1906 and 1908 tology3, 1920. This work was succeeded were early contributions to the conti­ by 13 palaeontologists and Palaeontology nental palaeontology. YoKOYAMA's Cli­ in 2 volumes was published in 1954 and matic Changes in japan since the Pliocene 1957. Now Palaeontology is in the way Epoch, 1911 gave rise to a moot .discus­ of complete revision by many authors sion in Japan and abroad. and 3 of 4 volumes appeared already in Matajiro YOKOYAMA (1860-1942) devot­ 1973-75. In short, it is not too' empha­ ed much of his time from 1910 to 1932 sizing that the education and research to the studies on Tertiary and later mol­ of Japanese palaeontologists were origi­ luscs from various areas from Karafto nated from YOKOYAMA. (Sakhalin) to Taiwan (Formosa) which In 1912 the second geological institute greatly urged the advancement of Caeno- was established at the Tohoku Imperial A Concise History of Palaeuntology in Japan 3 University. It was split into two insti­ Until 1945 three more geological insti­ tutes in 1922, namely Institute of Geology tutes were established in the Imperial and Palaeontology and Institute of Mine­ Universities at Kyoto (1921), Sapporo ralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology. (1930) and Fukuoka (1939) in addition For the establishment of the geological to a few others in other universities. institute Y ABE came to Sendai and con­ Beside these institute publications a large ducted education and research with his amount of palaeontological papers were colleagues forcefully and results were published in Proceedings of Imperial published in Science Reports of the in­ Academy (1912-, later Proc. japan Acad.) stitute. H. MATSUMOTO published many and japanese journal of Geology and Geo­ papers on fossil mammals of Japan and graphy which was primarily (1922) pub­ China in the early volumes (1915-30) of lished from the National Research Coun­ this publication. It was an interesting cil (1920-49) but from the Science Coun­ coincidence that this and Memoires Serv.
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