DOCSLIB.ORG

A -Lt"~±~~~ -~·;C.F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A -Lt a -lt"~±~~~ -~·;c.f Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan New Series No. 14 Palaeontological Society of Japan August 15, 1954 CONTENTS TRANSACTIONS 246. The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite-Field, Hukushima Prefecture, Japan ............ Kazuo HuzioKA and Keiji Suzur<I 133 247. Electron-Microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms, II. ................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Haruo 0KuNo 143 248. On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai, Part 5 ; On "Pecten" arakawai NoMURA .................................. Koichiro MAsUDA 149 249. Discovery of Nelumbo from the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) in .- ! • ' ' ... .' - Fukui Prefecture, in the Inner Side of Central Japan ... Hidekuni MATsuo 155 PROCEEDINGS . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 154 ERRATA to Arts. 238 and 239 of No. 12 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 154 President: Hisakatsu YAnE Councillors: Kiyoshi AsANO, Riuji EN Do (Business and Accountant), Seido ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo, Shoshiro HANZAWA, Ichiro HAYASAKA, Nobuo IKEBE, Teiichi KonAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Tsuneteru OINoMIKAoo (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA, Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji T AKAI (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YAnE. All Commwlications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 14. pp. 133-142, Pl. 16, 2 text-figs .. Aug. 15, 1954.- . 246. THE FLORA OF THE SHIOTSUBO FORMATION OF THE AIZU LIGNITE-FIELD, HUKUSHIMA PREF., JAPAN* KAZUO HUZIOKA** and KEIJI SUZUKI*** ill~ \.11:4a-i'lt•ll!i*ll!JgWftf<') fti~U: ~~~b£1B <') a-fil~1t:UIIf (J;UJ>f/ff, Bi*llllf.lt V:Jn~Tff) <') :. !> lil"F!>t <')m:w !ft<')H«~1t:u a: liZ fit -=>tt o *lifl:t nJ.I&Iit<= lll>'-'illfiii!H a-)). J:llll•l• :tli lite 'fj"' ; tL -c ,. o o ftizt;_,ft:o l:t*MINJ:ll'JI<l)~~~EI(;Jir.: 'S"~ .tL <:v· o o f!ll!fl{l:ttln· 14 -c: c.<')? !>fJifti:t 3, 1:.??·~ l: 'if; L{:fH~f:.$.&0: ;JI:.'iJJill:iti$~~<') t!l.l&t'-~ <.~Jill tim-i/i<') i=a<') J3 :Off~ K tt(-c v• Recent field study of the junior situated on the route side from Iwasawa author of the Aizu lignite-field, Huku­ of Kamisammiya-mura to Kamihuzisawa shima prefecture has resulted in the discovery of three plant-bearing forma­ tions, namely the Shiotsubo formation Text-fig. 1-Map showing the !orality of the Yamasato group, the Huzitoge of the Shiotsubo flora. formation and the Izumi formation of the Yamato group. It is the purpose of this brief note to record a small flora from the Shiotsubo formation Kan:1-lluz1sawa. YAII.\-GUN~' among these three. ., \ \., M 11.\tUt. AIKA'II'A-I!IJRA. < (_y- t .TaU I The geologic succession of the Neo­ • !'J;I'QDI!lWQ gene Tertiary deposits of the A izu t lignite-field were clarified by the ju­ nior author in 1951, taking the cen­ tral part of the western border of the .---~·..... 3 Aizu basin as the type locality, as shown in Table 1. The collection was made by the junior author at an exposure of the upper course of the Hara river, a tributary of the Aga river, about 4 km of Aikawa-mura in Yama-gun. northwest of Kitakata city, Aizu basin, Fossil leaves here described were dis­ Hukushim:t prefecture. As shown in covered from the uppermost laminated Fig. 1, the locality of fossil plants is tuff of the Shiotsubo formation which is considered to be of marine deposits in * Read jan. 23, 1953; received Aug. 10. 1953. origin. As its stratigraphic position is ** Mining College. Akita University shown in Text-fig. 2, the leaf-bearing *** Department of Arts and Sciences. Huku­ laminated tuff is underlain by the coarse­ shima University grained sands, which contains abundant 133 J.34 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SUZUKI Table 1. Stratigraphic succession of the Neogene Tertiary rocks in the Aizu lignite-field. Hukushima pref.. in ascending order. -- --- ---- -- Thickness Formations (m) Lithic characters Fossils I - I Granodiorite Kagata2> 60-90 Basal conglomeratic sand· Marine molluscs formation stone, liparite flow, fine· grained sandstone. and alternation of green tuff and sandstone. Ogino3> 150·200 Green tuff. tuffaceous sand· Marine molluscs formation stone and green sandstone, Yamasatol> interbedded with plagio- group liparite flow. Urushikubo4> 80-100 Alternation of sandstone 1\'[arine molluscs formation and mudstone, and mud- I and foraminifers stone. Marine molluscs Sbiotsubo5> Alternation of conglo- formation 100-180 (Yama fauna) and merate, sandstone and plants(Shiotsubo) mudstone. flora) Huzitoge7> 150-180 Alternation of conglo- Plants (Huzitoge formation merate, sandstone, mud flora) stone and tuff. with many lignite seams; cross bedded. Yamato6> lzumiB> 200± Alternation of conglo· Plants (Izumi group formation merate, sandstone, mud· flora) stone and tuff, with lignite seams; cross bedded. Nanaorizaka9> formation 100± Conglomerate and tuff. --- I River terrace deposit ' - - ----- - 1) ur~ 2) l!HIJ 3) ~Nf 4) ~~ 5) mw 6) mm; 7> ii'* 8) fllJR: 9) -t{lf-!& Text-fig. 2 Generalized columnar section showing the stratigraphic position of the plant-bearing laminated tuff. Huzitoge formation r Coarse-grained sands Laminated tuff The Shiotsubo flora Medium-grained The Yama fauna Shiotsubo sandstone ( Yoldia johanni, Pecten liimurai, formation --~-------------Tuffaceous Cardium iwaslziroel!se, SerriPes ' massive sandstone. yokoyamai, Lucit1oma actttilineata. Alternation of Thyasira nipponica. Mya conglomerate, urushikuboana, etc.) --------=s=andstone ~nd mudstone The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite·Fieh.l, Hukushima 135 marine molluscs of the Yama fauna Family Fagaceae (OTukA, 1942) and has been believed Cfr. Fagus crena/a BLUME by Japanese palaeontologists to be of Family Ulmaceae the Upper Miocene. The leaf-bearing Zelkowa Ungeri (ETT.) KoVATS laminated tuff is about 3 m thick and Family Papillionaceae consists of fine alternation of tuff, JVistaria jloribzmda A.P. DE CA!'DOU.E Family Aceraceae tuffaceous sandstone-mudstone. Plant Acer debitum, sp. nov. impressions are crowded and well­ A. sp. preserved, but the rock is so weak that Family Tiliaceae the specimens were mostly broken into Tilia sp. fragmental pieces. The authors discriminated the follow­ The Shiotsubo flora contains 14 spe­ ing only 14 plants in the Shiotsubo flora. cies, representing 9 genera of 7 families .. Most of them are specifically undefined and is characterised by the dominance as the materials are incomplete to of Salicaceae and Betulaceae. It is decide their accurate specific names. interesting that none of coniferous trees such as Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus Plants of the Shiotsubo flora which are so common in the Tertiary Family Salicaceae floras of Japan were not found. All of Populus aizuana, sp. nov. the Shiotsubo plants hitherto known are P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. considered to be deciduous broad-leaved Cfr. Salix Lackschewitziana TAEPER trees, shrubs and vein. Cfr. S. jessoensis SEEMEI' The modern equivalents of the Shio­ Family Betulaceae Cfr. Altms japonica SIEB. et zucc. tsubo plants and their geographic dis· A. tincloria SARGENT tribution may be enumerated as the Cfr. Betula Ermanni CHAl'.USSo following table: Carpimts erosa BLUME Shiotsubo species Geographic distribution Modern equivalents in Japan in Japan ------------ Populus aizuana. sp. nov. P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. Cfr. Salix jessoensis S. jessoensis SEEM. H Nh Cfr. S. Lackschetdlziana S. Lakscheuitziana T AEPER H Nh Cfr. Almts japonica A. japonica S. et Z. var. arguta H Nh CALL. A. tittcloria A. littcloria SARGE:-;T var. H Nh Ch Sh S K obtusiloba CALL Ctr. Betula Ermanni B. Ermam1i CHAM. H Nh Ch Sh S K Carpinus erosa C. erosa BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S Cfr. Fagus crenata F. crenata BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S K Ze/kowa Ungeri Z. serrata MAKINO Nh Ch Sh S K Wistaria floribunda W. jloribumla A. P. DE Nh Ch Sh S K CANDOLLE Acer debitum, sp. nov. A. ornatum CARR. H Nh Ch Sh S K 136 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SuzUKI A. sp. A. aizuense NAKAI H Nh Ch Sh S K Ti/ia sp. T. japonica SIMK. H Nh Ch Sh S K I I H (Hokkaido), Nh (Northern Honsyu), Ch (Central Honsyu), Sh (Southern Honsyu), S (Shikoku), K (Kyusyu) Excluding two species which equiva­ Nenoshiroishi flora near Sendai seems lents are found in North America, all to be most comparable with our flora. others are now living in Japan, particu­ According to 0KUT5U (1940), 84 species larly in its northern parts. It is pre­ of the Nenoshiroishi flora are distributed sumable that the Shiotsubo flora may in 46 genera and 29 families, besides 5 be correlatable in the floral association undeterminable plants, and the dominant most closely to the modern forests of families of the flora are Betulaceae, Northern Honsyu and Southern Hok­ Fagaceae and Aceraceae. He concluded kaido. The climatic condition under that the Nenoshiroishi flora grew un­ which the Shiotsubo flora grew is con­ der somewhat colder condition in the sidered to be a little colder than the Upper Miocene age than at present. Aizu basin at present. Comparing our 14 species with the As the Shiotsubo flora comprising only Nenoshiroishi species, as shown in the 14 spceies it is difficult to determine its following table, the floral affinity bet­ geological age on the base of the flora ween the two is clearly great at least only. However, as far as we know, the in the ecological condition. Comparison of the Shiotsubo species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flood Disaster in 2004
    FloodFlood ReportReport 20042004 JapanJapan andand thethe WorldWorld JanuaryJanuary 19,19, 20052005 IFNetIFNet SecretariatSecretariat Statistics of Increasing Flood Damages The following statistical data shows a considerable increase in [Million] flood victims since middle of 1980s. 160 Earthquake 140 Drought/Water shortage Flood 120 Rainstorm 100 Landslide Volcano/Eruption 80 Others 60 Source : World Disasters Report, 40 International Federation of Red Cross and Red 20 Crescent Societies 0 1973-1977 1978-1982 1983-1987 1988-1992 1993-1997 1998-2002 [Year] Despite various efforts aiming at disaster reduction, disasters don’t seem to show declining tendency, according to the factor that can be thought to be the following: - Abnormal weather due to global warming; - Concentration of population and assets in inundation areas; - Intensive use of land, including underground development; - Particularly in developing countries, rapid urbanization and poverty. Record 10 Typhoon Landfall 10 typhoon landed on Japan in 2004 Number of generated, approaching and landing typhoons 出典： 平成16年 夏から秋にかけての集中豪雨･台風等について, 2004.11, 気象庁 Source: Localized torrential downpour and typhoon, etc. from summer to autumn in 2004, 2004.11, Japan Meteorological Agency Record 10 Typhoon Landfall Feature when landing NuNummbber of victims Name No. Name No. Central Date Point Death MiMissingssing Injured evacuated pressure Conson No.4 Jun. 11 Kochi 992 hPa - - - - Dianmu No.6 Jun. 21 Kochi 965 hPa 2 3 118 1,851 Namtheun No.10 Jul. 31 Kochi 980 hPa 3 0 19 1,971 Malou No.11 Aug. 4 Tokushima 996 hPa Megi No.15 Aug. 20 Aomori 975 hPa 10 0 22 5,350 Chaba No.16 Aug. 30 Kagoshima 950 hPa 14 3 267 186,430 Songda No.18 Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • Faith and Power in Japanese Buddhist Art, 1600-2005
    japanese art | religions graham FAITH AND POWER IN JAPANESE BUDDHIST ART, 1600–2005 Faith and Power in Japanese Buddhist Art explores the transformation of Buddhism from the premodern to the contemporary era in Japan and the central role its visual culture has played in this transformation. The chapters elucidate the thread of change over time in the practice of Bud- dhism as revealed in sites of devotion and in imagery representing the FAITH AND POWER religion’s most popular deities and religious practices. It also introduces the work of modern and contemporary artists who are not generally as- sociated with institutional Buddhism but whose faith inspires their art. IN JAPANESE BUDDHIST ART The author makes a persuasive argument that the neglect of these ma- terials by scholars results from erroneous presumptions about the aes- thetic superiority of early Japanese Buddhist artifacts and an asserted 160 0 – 20 05 decline in the institutional power of the religion after the sixteenth century. She demonstrates that recent works constitute a significant contribution to the history of Japanese art and architecture, providing evidence of Buddhism’s persistent and compelling presence at all levels of Japanese society. The book is divided into two chronological sections. The first explores Buddhism in an earlier period of Japanese art (1600–1868), emphasiz- ing the production of Buddhist temples and imagery within the larger political, social, and economic concerns of the time. The second section addresses Buddhism’s visual culture in modern Japan (1868–2005), specifically the relationship between Buddhist institutions prior to World War II and the increasingly militaristic national government that had initially persecuted them.
    [Show full text]
  • FIR UF Is Located on Bunkyo Campus T Kuzuryu River O Mikuni
    ////// Campus Location, University of Fukui FIR UF is located on Bunkyo Campus T Kuzuryu River o Mikuni Fukui-kita I.C To Kanazawa To Matsuoka To A To Mikuni To campus Hino River wara T To Katsuyama/ Bunkyo campus Kanazawa o Eiheiji Temple A wara Highway T o Kanazawa Nittazuka To Kanazawa Route 416 Highway Sabae-Maruokaline JR HokurikuLine Meiji-bashi To Katsuyama/ Bridge Eiheiji Temple Fukudai mae - To Katsuyama/ Nishifukui Tawara-machi Eiheiji Temple Echizen Railway Nishi- betsuin Hokuriku Expressway Fukui-guchi Route 8 Route Shin-fukui Tsukumo-bashi Bridge Fukui Fukui I.C Saiwaibashi Bridge Fukui Route 158 T Mt. Asuwa railway etsudo T Asuwa River o Park T T T suruga o o Maibara T akefu To Ono T o T suruga Getting to FIR UF By taxi: A taxi service is available at the JR Fukui station, taking you to the Bunkyo Campus in ~10 min. By train: Take the Mikuni-Awara line, on the Echizen Railway, adjacent to the JR Fukui station at the Fukui station. Alight at Fukudaimae-Nishi station. The journey takes ~10 min. From Tokyo By air Fly from Haneda Airport to Komatsu Airport (journey of ~1 h). At Komatsu Airport, take a shuttle bus to Fukui. By train Take the JR Tokaido Shinkansen Line from Tokyo to Niigata Maibara (approximately 2 h and 40 min). There, change trains and take a limited express train on the JR Hokuriku The Sea of Japan Line to Fukui (~1 h). Naoetsu JR Hokuriku Line Take the Tomei Expressway from Tokyo and continue Kanazawa By car Hokuriku Expressway Echigo- through Nagoya on the Meishin Expressway until you reach Toyama yuzawa the Maibara Junction.
    [Show full text]
  • Digeneans (Trematoda) Parasitic in Freshwater Fishes (Osteichthyes) of the Lake Biwa Basin in Shiga Prefecture, Central Honshu, Japan
    Digeneans (Trematoda) Parasitic in Freshwater Fishes (Osteichthyes) of the Lake Biwa Basin in Shiga Prefecture, Central Honshu, Japan Takeshi Shimazu1, Misako Urabe2 and Mark J. Grygier3 1 Nagano Prefectural College, 8–49–7 Miwa, Nagano City, Nagano 380–8525, Japan and 10486–2 Hotaka-Ariake, Azumino City, Nagano 399–8301, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Ecosystem Studies, School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone City, Shiga 522–8533, Japan 3 Lake Biwa Museum, 1091 Oroshimo, Kusatsu City, Shiga 525–0001, Japan Abstract: The fauna of adult digeneans (Trematoda) parasitic in freshwater fishes (Osteichthyes) from the Lake Biwa basin in Shiga Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan, is studied from the literature and existing specimens. Twenty-four previously known, 2 new, and 4 unidentified species in 17 gen- era and 12 families are recorded. Three dubious literature records are also mentioned. All 30 con- firmed species, except Sanguinicolidae gen. sp. (Aporocotylidae), are described and figured. Life cy- cles are discussed where known. Philopinna kawamutsu sp. nov. (Didymozoidae) was found in the connective tissue between the vertebrae and the air bladder near the esophagus of Nipponocypris tem- minckii (Temminck and Schlegel) (Cyprinidae). Genarchopsis yaritanago sp. nov. (Derogenidae) was found in the intestine of Tanakia lanceolata (Temminck and Schlegel) (Cyprinidae). Asymphylodora innominata (Faust, 1924) comb. nov. is proposed for A. macrostoma Ozaki, 1925 (Lissorchiidae). A key to the families, genera, and species of these digeneans is provided. Host-parasite and parasite- host lists are given. Key words: adult digeneans, Trematoda, parasites, morphology, life cycle, Philopinna kawamutsu sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Eat Sleep Sit: My Year at Japan's Most Rigorous Zen Temple
    Eat Sleep Sit Eat Sleep Sit My Year at Japan’s Most Rigorous Zen Temple Kaoru Nonomura Translated by Juliet Winters Carpenter KODANSHA INTERNATIONAL Tokyo • New York • London Originally published by Shinchosha, Tokyo, in 1996, under the title Ku neru suwaru: Eiheiji shugyoki. Distributed in the United States by Kodansha America LLC, and in the United Kingdom and continental Europe by Kodansha Europe Ltd. Published by Kodansha International Ltd., 17–14, Otowa 1- chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112–8652. Copyright ©1996 by Kaoru Nonomura. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. ISBN 978–4–7700–3075–7 First edition, 2008 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nonomura, Kaoru, 1959- [Ku neru suwaru. English] Eat sleep sit : my year at Japan's most rigorous zen temple / Kaoru Nonomura ; translated by Juliet Winters Carpenter. -- 1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-4-7700-3075-7 1. Monastic and religious life (Zen Buddhism)--Japan-- Eiheiji-cho. 2. Spiritual life--Sotoshu. 3. Eiheiji. 4. Nono- mura, Kaoru, 1959- 5. Spiritual biography--Japan. I. Title. BQ9444.4.J32E34 2008 294.3'675092--dc22 [B] 2008040875 www.kodansha-intl.com CONTENTS PART ONE The End and the Beginning Resolve Jizo Cloister Dragon Gate Main Gate Temporary Quarters Lavatory Facing the Wall Buddha Bowl Evening Service Evening Meal Night Sitting PART TWO Etiquette Is Zen Morning Service Morning Meal Cleaning the Corridors Dignified Dress Washing the Face Verses Noon Stick PART THREE Alone in the Freezing Dark Entering the Hall Monks’ Hall
    [Show full text]
  • Rainfall in Japan
    SAKURA SCIENCE Exchange Program Contents Sakura Science Plan Dec. 9th, 2019 Brief Introduction of Recent Flood Disasters in Japan Recent Flood Disasters in Japan Flood Disasters in 2004 River Bank Breach at the Asuwa River River Bank Breach at the Maruyama River Prof. & Dr. Hajime NAKAGAWA [email protected] Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University 01 02 Brief Introduction of Recent Flood Rainfall in Japan Disasters in Japan One year (mean) 1,714 mm One day (max.) & 1,317 mm (Tokushima, 2004) 24 hours (max.) One hour (max.) 187 mm (Nagasaki, 1982) Ten minute 49mm (Kochi, 1946) (max.) 03 04 (Person) Death Toll due to Natural Disasters in Japan 6500 19,486 Recent Major Flood Disasters in Japan the rest (from 1998 onwards) Snow related 6400 6482 Volcanic 2016 flood disaster by Typhoon Earthquake 1607, 09, 10, 11 in Hokkaido Flood, wind 2010 flood disaster due to heavy 2003 flood disaster Japan Territory: rainfall in Hokkaido by Typhoon0310 in Hokkaido 2019 Flood & strong wind Disasters 2 2012,2013,2014 flood disaster due to 380,000 km heavy rainfall (Kyoto), 2018 storm caused by Typhoons 15 & 19 10 Typhoons surge & strong wind disaster in Osaka 2011 Tsunami disaster due to Tohoku 500 10% :Alluvial plains landed earthquake 438 2004, 2011 flood disaster 50% :Population in Hokuriku area 1998 flood disaster in Fukushima, Tochigi and Ibaragi 400 75% :Property 2004 flood disaster by Typhoon0423 327 2008 flood disaster by 2015 flood disaster in the Kinu River basin 300 heavy
    [Show full text]
  • Mitigation of Flood Hazards in Japan
    River Basin Management IV 271 Mitigation of flood hazards in Japan M. Takezawa1, H. Gotoh1 & Y. Takeuchi2 1Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan 2Japan Infrastructure Partners Abstract In recent years, there have been instances of unusually heavy rain in Japan, including rainfall in excess of 200 mm/day. The aim of flood-control planning in Japan since 1945 has been to confine river water to within riverbanks and to ensure that levees protect river basins from flooding. In many rivers, dams were constructed in upstream areas and long levees were built along the riverbanks. The main aim of flood-control planning is to prevent the flooding of river basins by the over-flow of river water across riverbanks; however, as rainfall prediction has recently become difficult because of the effects of global warming, the main emphasis of flood-control planning has shifted from prevention to providing areas of refuge. Flood hazards must be dealt with by ‘hard measures’ such as levees and reservoirs, and ‘soft measures’ such as the provision of hydrological information, regulation of land use, and evacuation advice. In 2001, the Japanese Government made it mandatory for all regional bodies to compile and distribute flood-hazard maps to inform inhabitants of the danger of flooding and the locations of sites of refuge for all inhabitants. It is difficult to provide residents with complete protection from flooding hazards. Many people in Japan live alongside rivers, and Japanese culture has long encompassed wet-rice cultivation. Communities have always lived under the threat of flooding, but the profitability of river water makes it preferable to live close to a river even if flooding occurs at times of heavy rain.
    [Show full text]
  • River and Wetland Restoration: Lessons from Japan
    Articles River and Wetland Restoration: Lessons from Japan KEIGO NAKAMURA, KLEMENT TOCKNER, AND KUNIHIKO AMANO River and wetland restoration has emerged as a worldwide phenomenon and is becoming a highly profitable business. Although researchers worldwide know a lot about restoration practices in Europe and the United States, we have only scant information about the activities in Japan, where more than 23,000 river restoration projects have been conducted during the past 15 years. In Japan, restoration is a daunting business because of the high human population density, urbanization, and harsh environmental conditions. Here we provide an overview of the various restoration activities in Japan and discuss the lessons that we can draw from them. Keywords: conservation, rehabilitation, biodiversity, floodplain, lake s the 21st century begins, the issue of sustainable article, we present a brief characterization of the country’s en- Aecosystem management is providing humanity with vironmental settings, provide a historic overview of river one of its greatest challenges. The problem is particularly and wetland management in Japan, introduce recent agendas complex for freshwater systems, where humans and natural for restoration, and present three key case studies in more systems are inherently linked. Increasing water demands for detail. Finally, we discuss some general lessons that can be an expanding human population competes with protecting drawn from the various restoration activities in Japan. aquatic ecosystems and ecological services (MEA 2005). To- day, rivers and wetlands are among the most threatened A unique environmental setting ecosystems worldwide (Brinson and Malvarez 2002, Embedded within the circum-Pacific volcanic belt called the Malmqvist and Rundle 2002, Tockner and Stanford 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Subspecies of Anadromous Far Eastern Dace, Tribolodon Brandtii Maruta Subsp
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 40(4), pp. 219–229, November 21, 2014 A New Subspecies of Anadromous Far Eastern Dace, Tribolodon brandtii maruta subsp. nov. (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) from Japan Harumi Sakai1 and Shota Amano2 1 Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, 2–7–1 Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759–6595, Japan E-mail: sakaih@fish-u.ac.jp 2 Alumnus, Graduate School of National Fisheries University, 2–7–1 Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759–6595, Japan E-mail: fi[email protected] (Received 7 July 2014; accepted 24 September 2014) Abstract Tribolodon brandtii maruta subsp. nov. is described from the holotype and 29 para- types. The subspecies differs from congeners and the other subspecies in the following combina- tion of characters: preoperculo-mandibular canal of the cephalic lateral line system extended dor- sally and connected with postocular commisure, dorsal profile of snout gently rounded, lateral line scales 73–87, scales above lateral line 12–17, scales below lateral line 9–14, predorsal scales 34–41. The new subspecies is distributed on the Pacific coast of Honshu Island from Tokyo Bay to Ohfunato Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Key words : new subspecies, taxonomy, morphology, anadromy, cephalic lateral line system. the former having fewer scales and being sug- Introduction gested to have a greater salinity tolerance than The Far Eastern dace genus Tribolodon (Tele- the latter (Nakamura, 1969). An allozyme allelic ostei, Cyprinidae), well-known for exhibiting displacement with no hybridization trait between both freshwater and anadromous modes of life the Maruta form from Tokyo Bay and Ohfunato (Berg, 1949; Aoyagi, 1957; Nakamura, 1963, Bay, Iwate Prefecture and the Jusan-ugui form 1969; Kurawaka, 1977; Sakai, 1995), includes from Hokkaido, Yamagata and Niigata Prefec- four species, two freshwater [T.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Asphalt Specifications and Recycling (1)
    Research regarding improving of prediction methods in road construction environmental impact assessment Budged: Grants for operating expenses Road account Research Period: FY2003-2005 Research Team: Advanced Technology Author: YAMAMOTO Hiroshi HAYASHI Akira YOSHIDA Kiyoshi Abstract: We aimed improving prediction methods enacted in 2000 in the Construction Noise, Vibration, and Atmospheric Impact Assessment. Regarding dust fall, it was concluded that the vertical dispersal breadth and the horizontal dispersal breadth of dust is equal to that of gaseous substances, that it is possible to apply the Plume Model that considers gravity settlement, and that regarding the quantity blown up from bare ground, it is appropriate to apply the formula that shows that the standard value produced set for each type of soil increases and decreases according to the square of the wind speed. Regarding noise, experiments to analyze the quantity of sound by construction machinery were done using a microphone array in an anechoic room, and we verified that it is possible to analyze each A-weighted sound power level by multiple construction machines. Key words: construction noise, environmental impact assessment, microphone array, dust fall Utilization of thinned timber in civil engineering fields for CO2 fixation and creation of recycling-based society Budged: Grants for operating expenses General account Research Period: FY2002-2005 Research Team: ConstructionTechnology Author: OSHITA Takeshi ONODERA Seiichi TSUTSUMI Shouichi Abstract: In forestry, management of thinning timber is indispensable, in order to grow good quality timber and to make CO2 fixation cycle more efficient function. However, it is carried out only about 40% among required thinning area in recent years, and nearly half of the thinned timber is left unused in the forest, because it is less competitive in price.
    [Show full text]
  • New View of the Stratigraphy of the Tetori Group in Central Japan
    Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 14: 25–61 (2015) REVIEW © by the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum NEW VIEW OF THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE TETORI GROUP IN CENTRAL JAPAN Shin-ichi SANO Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Terao, Muroko, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan ABSTRACT The stratigraphy of the Tetori Group (sensu lato) and other Early Cretaceous strata in the Hakusan Region in the Hida Belt, northern Central Japan, is reviewed based on recent advances in ammonoid biostratigraphy, U-Pb age determination of zircons using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with laser ablation sampling (LA-ICPMS), recognition of marine influence, and climatic change inferred from the occurrences of thermophilic plants and pedogenetic calcareous nodules. Four depositional stages (DS) are recognized: DS1 (Late Bathonian–Middle Oxfordian)̶mainly marine strata characterized by the occurrences of ammonoids; DS2 (Berriasian–Late Hauterivian)̶mainly brackish strata characterized by the occurrences of Myrene (Mesocorbicula) tetoriensis and Tetoria yokoyamai; DS3 (Barremian– Aptian)̶fluvial strata characterized by the occurrence of abundant quartzose gravels and freshwater molluscs, such as Trigonioides, Plicatounio and Nippononaia; DS4 (Albian–Cenomanian)̶volcanic/plutonic rocks which unconformably covered or intruded into the Tetori Group. I here propose new interpretation that 1) the Tetori Group (s.l.) in the Hakusan Region in the Hida Belt is divided into Middle–Late Jurassic Kuzuryu Group (corresponding to DS1) and unconformably overlying Early Cretaceous Tetori Group (sensu stricto) (corresponding to DS2–3); and 2) the Tetori Group (s.l.) in other areas is separated from the Tetori Group (s.s.), and divided into the Late Jurassic strata of the Kuzuryu Group (corresponding to the upper part of the same group in the Hakusan Region) and the Early Cretaceous Jinzu Group in the Jinzu Region in the Hida Belt, and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Managawa Group in the Hida Gaien Belt.
    [Show full text]
  • JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
    JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (Forethought to DRR for Development Projects) MARCH 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA SUNCOH CONSULTANTS Co., Ltd. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE Co., Ltd. JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (Forethought to DRR for development projects) 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HANDBOOK ................................................... 1 Background of the Development of the Handbook 1 Purpose of the Development of the Handbook 2 Structure of the Handbook 2 2. ABOUT “MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION” ....................... 4 Global Trend of 4 Significance and Effects of 6 3. METHOD OF DISASTER RISK SCREENING AND SCOPING FOR JICA'S PROJECTS ................................................................................................................ 9 Actions by JICA in Disaster Risk Reduction 9 Value of Forethought for Disaster Risk Reduction 10 Development of Economic Simulation Model for Investment for DRR 14 Method for Disaster Risk Reduction Forethought 15 Reduction of Disaster Risk 17 Improvement of adaptation abilities for natural hazard and disaster 17 Improvement of capabilities about local disaster risk reduction 21 Forethought to DRR in Development Projects 22 4. JICA’S DISASTER RISK SCREENING AND SCOPING FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: IMPLEMENTATION METHODS IN PROJECTS ................................. 25 Flow of Disaster Forethought in Projects and Positioning of the Handbook 25 Overview 25 Flow of Disaster Risk Screening and Scoping 27 Screening
    [Show full text]