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a -lt"~±~~~ -~·;c.f Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan New Series No. 14 Palaeontological Society of Japan August 15, 1954 CONTENTS TRANSACTIONS 246. The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite-Field, Hukushima Prefecture, Japan ............ Kazuo HuzioKA and Keiji Suzur<I 133 247. Electron-Microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms, II. ................ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Haruo 0KuNo 143 248. On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai, Part 5 ; On "Pecten" arakawai NoMURA .................................. Koichiro MAsUDA 149 249. Discovery of Nelumbo from the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) in .- ! • ' ' ... .' - Fukui Prefecture, in the Inner Side of Central Japan ... Hidekuni MATsuo 155 PROCEEDINGS . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 154 ERRATA to Arts. 238 and 239 of No. 12 ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 154 President: Hisakatsu YAnE Councillors: Kiyoshi AsANO, Riuji EN Do (Business and Accountant), Seido ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo, Shoshiro HANZAWA, Ichiro HAYASAKA, Nobuo IKEBE, Teiichi KonAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Tsuneteru OINoMIKAoo (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA, Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji T AKAI (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YAnE. All Commwlications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 14. pp. 133-142, Pl. 16, 2 text-figs .. Aug. 15, 1954.- . 246. THE FLORA OF THE SHIOTSUBO FORMATION OF THE AIZU LIGNITE-FIELD, HUKUSHIMA PREF., JAPAN* KAZUO HUZIOKA** and KEIJI SUZUKI*** ill~ \.11:4a-i'lt•ll!i*ll!JgWftf<') fti~U: ~~~b£1B <') a-fil~1t:UIIf (J;UJ>f/ff, Bi*llllf.lt V:Jn~Tff) <') :. !> lil"F!>t <')m:w !ft<')H«~1t:u a: liZ fit -=>tt o *lifl:t nJ.I&Iit<= lll>'-'illfiii!H a-)). J:llll•l• :tli lite 'fj"' ; tL -c ,. o o ftizt;_,ft:o l:t*MINJ:ll'JI<l)~~~EI(;Jir.: 'S"~ .tL <:v· o o f!ll!fl{l:ttln· 14 -c: c.<')? !>fJifti:t 3, 1:.??·~ l: 'if; L{:fH~f:.$.&0: ;JI:.'iJJill:iti$~~<') t!l.l&t'-~ <.~Jill tim-i/i<') i=a<') J3 :Off~ K tt(-c v• Recent field study of the junior situated on the route side from Iwasawa author of the Aizu lignite-field, Huku­ of Kamisammiya-mura to Kamihuzisawa shima prefecture has resulted in the discovery of three plant-bearing forma­ tions, namely the Shiotsubo formation Text-fig. 1-Map showing the !orality of the Yamasato group, the Huzitoge of the Shiotsubo flora. formation and the Izumi formation of the Yamato group. It is the purpose of this brief note to record a small flora from the Shiotsubo formation Kan:1-lluz1sawa. YAII.\-GUN~' among these three. ., \ \., M 11.\tUt. AIKA'II'A-I!IJRA. < (_y- t .TaU I The geologic succession of the Neo­ • !'J;I'QDI!lWQ gene Tertiary deposits of the A izu t lignite-field were clarified by the ju­ nior author in 1951, taking the cen­ tral part of the western border of the .---~·..... 3 Aizu basin as the type locality, as shown in Table 1. The collection was made by the junior author at an exposure of the upper course of the Hara river, a tributary of the Aga river, about 4 km of Aikawa-mura in Yama-gun. northwest of Kitakata city, Aizu basin, Fossil leaves here described were dis­ Hukushim:t prefecture. As shown in covered from the uppermost laminated Fig. 1, the locality of fossil plants is tuff of the Shiotsubo formation which is considered to be of marine deposits in * Read jan. 23, 1953; received Aug. 10. 1953. origin. As its stratigraphic position is ** Mining College. Akita University shown in Text-fig. 2, the leaf-bearing *** Department of Arts and Sciences. Huku­ laminated tuff is underlain by the coarse­ shima University grained sands, which contains abundant 133 J.34 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SUZUKI Table 1. Stratigraphic succession of the Neogene Tertiary rocks in the Aizu lignite-field. Hukushima pref.. in ascending order. -- --- ---- -- Thickness Formations (m) Lithic characters Fossils I - I Granodiorite Kagata2> 60-90 Basal conglomeratic sand· Marine molluscs formation stone, liparite flow, fine· grained sandstone. and alternation of green tuff and sandstone. Ogino3> 150·200 Green tuff. tuffaceous sand· Marine molluscs formation stone and green sandstone, Yamasatol> interbedded with plagio- group liparite flow. Urushikubo4> 80-100 Alternation of sandstone 1\'[arine molluscs formation and mudstone, and mud- I and foraminifers stone. Marine molluscs Sbiotsubo5> Alternation of conglo- formation 100-180 (Yama fauna) and merate, sandstone and plants(Shiotsubo) mudstone. flora) Huzitoge7> 150-180 Alternation of conglo- Plants (Huzitoge formation merate, sandstone, mud flora) stone and tuff. with many lignite seams; cross bedded. Yamato6> lzumiB> 200± Alternation of conglo· Plants (Izumi group formation merate, sandstone, mud· flora) stone and tuff, with lignite seams; cross bedded. Nanaorizaka9> formation 100± Conglomerate and tuff. --- I River terrace deposit ' - - ----- - 1) ur~ 2) l!HIJ 3) ~Nf 4) ~~ 5) mw 6) mm; 7> ii'* 8) fllJR: 9) -t{lf-!& Text-fig. 2 Generalized columnar section showing the stratigraphic position of the plant-bearing laminated tuff. Huzitoge formation r Coarse-grained sands Laminated tuff The Shiotsubo flora Medium-grained The Yama fauna Shiotsubo sandstone ( Yoldia johanni, Pecten liimurai, formation --~-------------Tuffaceous Cardium iwaslziroel!se, SerriPes ' massive sandstone. yokoyamai, Lucit1oma actttilineata. Alternation of Thyasira nipponica. Mya conglomerate, urushikuboana, etc.) --------=s=andstone ~nd mudstone The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite·Fieh.l, Hukushima 135 marine molluscs of the Yama fauna Family Fagaceae (OTukA, 1942) and has been believed Cfr. Fagus crena/a BLUME by Japanese palaeontologists to be of Family Ulmaceae the Upper Miocene. The leaf-bearing Zelkowa Ungeri (ETT.) KoVATS laminated tuff is about 3 m thick and Family Papillionaceae consists of fine alternation of tuff, JVistaria jloribzmda A.P. DE CA!'DOU.E Family Aceraceae tuffaceous sandstone-mudstone. Plant Acer debitum, sp. nov. impressions are crowded and well­ A. sp. preserved, but the rock is so weak that Family Tiliaceae the specimens were mostly broken into Tilia sp. fragmental pieces. The authors discriminated the follow­ The Shiotsubo flora contains 14 spe­ ing only 14 plants in the Shiotsubo flora. cies, representing 9 genera of 7 families .. Most of them are specifically undefined and is characterised by the dominance as the materials are incomplete to of Salicaceae and Betulaceae. It is decide their accurate specific names. interesting that none of coniferous trees such as Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus Plants of the Shiotsubo flora which are so common in the Tertiary Family Salicaceae floras of Japan were not found. All of Populus aizuana, sp. nov. the Shiotsubo plants hitherto known are P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. considered to be deciduous broad-leaved Cfr. Salix Lackschewitziana TAEPER trees, shrubs and vein. Cfr. S. jessoensis SEEMEI' The modern equivalents of the Shio­ Family Betulaceae Cfr. Altms japonica SIEB. et zucc. tsubo plants and their geographic dis· A. tincloria SARGENT tribution may be enumerated as the Cfr. Betula Ermanni CHAl'.USSo following table: Carpimts erosa BLUME Shiotsubo species Geographic distribution Modern equivalents in Japan in Japan ------------ Populus aizuana. sp. nov. P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. Cfr. Salix jessoensis S. jessoensis SEEM. H Nh Cfr. S. Lackschetdlziana S. Lakscheuitziana T AEPER H Nh Cfr. Almts japonica A. japonica S. et Z. var. arguta H Nh CALL. A. tittcloria A. littcloria SARGE:-;T var. H Nh Ch Sh S K obtusiloba CALL Ctr. Betula Ermanni B. Ermam1i CHAM. H Nh Ch Sh S K Carpinus erosa C. erosa BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S Cfr. Fagus crenata F. crenata BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S K Ze/kowa Ungeri Z. serrata MAKINO Nh Ch Sh S K Wistaria floribunda W. jloribumla A. P. DE Nh Ch Sh S K CANDOLLE Acer debitum, sp. nov. A. ornatum CARR. H Nh Ch Sh S K 136 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SuzUKI A. sp. A. aizuense NAKAI H Nh Ch Sh S K Ti/ia sp. T. japonica SIMK. H Nh Ch Sh S K I I H (Hokkaido), Nh (Northern Honsyu), Ch (Central Honsyu), Sh (Southern Honsyu), S (Shikoku), K (Kyusyu) Excluding two species which equiva­ Nenoshiroishi flora near Sendai seems lents are found in North America, all to be most comparable with our flora. others are now living in Japan, particu­ According to 0KUT5U (1940), 84 species larly in its northern parts. It is pre­ of the Nenoshiroishi flora are distributed sumable that the Shiotsubo flora may in 46 genera and 29 families, besides 5 be correlatable in the floral association undeterminable plants, and the dominant most closely to the modern forests of families of the flora are Betulaceae, Northern Honsyu and Southern Hok­ Fagaceae and Aceraceae. He concluded kaido. The climatic condition under that the Nenoshiroishi flora grew un­ which the Shiotsubo flora grew is con­ der somewhat colder condition in the sidered to be a little colder than the Upper Miocene age than at present. Aizu basin at present. Comparing our 14 species with the As the Shiotsubo flora comprising only Nenoshiroishi species, as shown in the 14 spceies it is difficult to determine its following table, the floral affinity bet­ geological age on the base of the flora ween the two is clearly great at least only. However, as far as we know, the in the ecological condition. Comparison of the Shiotsubo species
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    Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 14: 25–61 (2015) REVIEW © by the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum NEW VIEW OF THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE TETORI GROUP IN CENTRAL JAPAN Shin-ichi SANO Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Terao, Muroko, Katsuyama, Fukui 911-8601, Japan ABSTRACT The stratigraphy of the Tetori Group (sensu lato) and other Early Cretaceous strata in the Hakusan Region in the Hida Belt, northern Central Japan, is reviewed based on recent advances in ammonoid biostratigraphy, U-Pb age determination of zircons using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with laser ablation sampling (LA-ICPMS), recognition of marine influence, and climatic change inferred from the occurrences of thermophilic plants and pedogenetic calcareous nodules. Four depositional stages (DS) are recognized: DS1 (Late Bathonian–Middle Oxfordian)̶mainly marine strata characterized by the occurrences of ammonoids; DS2 (Berriasian–Late Hauterivian)̶mainly brackish strata characterized by the occurrences of Myrene (Mesocorbicula) tetoriensis and Tetoria yokoyamai; DS3 (Barremian– Aptian)̶fluvial strata characterized by the occurrence of abundant quartzose gravels and freshwater molluscs, such as Trigonioides, Plicatounio and Nippononaia; DS4 (Albian–Cenomanian)̶volcanic/plutonic rocks which unconformably covered or intruded into the Tetori Group. I here propose new interpretation that 1) the Tetori Group (s.l.) in the Hakusan Region in the Hida Belt is divided into Middle–Late Jurassic Kuzuryu Group (corresponding to DS1) and unconformably overlying Early Cretaceous Tetori Group (sensu stricto) (corresponding to DS2–3); and 2) the Tetori Group (s.l.) in other areas is separated from the Tetori Group (s.s.), and divided into the Late Jurassic strata of the Kuzuryu Group (corresponding to the upper part of the same group in the Hakusan Region) and the Early Cretaceous Jinzu Group in the Jinzu Region in the Hida Belt, and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Managawa Group in the Hida Gaien Belt.
  • JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

    JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

    JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (Forethought to DRR for Development Projects) MARCH 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA SUNCOH CONSULTANTS Co., Ltd. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE Co., Ltd. JICA Handbook for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (Forethought to DRR for development projects) 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HANDBOOK ................................................... 1 Background of the Development of the Handbook 1 Purpose of the Development of the Handbook 2 Structure of the Handbook 2 2. ABOUT “MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION” ....................... 4 Global Trend of 4 Significance and Effects of 6 3. METHOD OF DISASTER RISK SCREENING AND SCOPING FOR JICA'S PROJECTS ................................................................................................................ 9 Actions by JICA in Disaster Risk Reduction 9 Value of Forethought for Disaster Risk Reduction 10 Development of Economic Simulation Model for Investment for DRR 14 Method for Disaster Risk Reduction Forethought 15 Reduction of Disaster Risk 17 Improvement of adaptation abilities for natural hazard and disaster 17 Improvement of capabilities about local disaster risk reduction 21 Forethought to DRR in Development Projects 22 4. JICA’S DISASTER RISK SCREENING AND SCOPING FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: IMPLEMENTATION METHODS IN PROJECTS ................................. 25 Flow of Disaster Forethought in Projects and Positioning of the Handbook 25 Overview 25 Flow of Disaster Risk Screening and Scoping 27 Screening