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Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan
New Series No. 14
Palaeontological Society of Japan August 15, 1954 CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
246. The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite-Field, Hukushima Prefecture, Japan ...... Kazuo HuzioKA and Keiji SuzurFukui Prefecture, in the Inner Side of Central Japan ... Hidekuni MATsuo 155 PROCEEDINGS ...... 154 ERRATA to Arts. 238 and 239 of No. 12 ...... 154
President: Hisakatsu YAnE
Councillors: Kiyoshi AsANO, Riuji EN Do (Business and Accountant), Seido ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo, Shoshiro HANZAWA, Ichiro HAYASAKA, Nobuo IKEBE, Teiichi KonAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Tsuneteru OINoMIKAoo (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA, Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji T AKAI (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YAnE.
All Commwlications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 14. pp. 133-142, Pl. 16, 2 text-figs .. Aug. 15, 1954.- .
246. THE FLORA OF THE SHIOTSUBO FORMATION OF THE AIZU LIGNITE-FIELD, HUKUSHIMA PREF., JAPAN*
KAZUO HUZIOKA** and KEIJI SUZUKI***
ill~ \.11:4a-i'lt•ll!i*ll!JgWftf<') fti~U: ~~~b£1B <') a-fil~1t:UIIf (J;UJ>f/ff, Bi*llllf.lt V:Jn~Tff) <') :. !> lil"F!>t <')m:w !ft<')H«~1t:u a: liZ fit -=>tt o *lifl:t nJ.I&Iit<= lll>'-'illfiii!H a-)). J:llll•l• :tli lite 'fj"' ; tL -c ,. o o ftizt;_,ft:o l:t*MINJ:ll'JI
Recent field study of the junior situated on the route side from Iwasawa author of the Aizu lignite-field, Huku of Kamisammiya-mura to Kamihuzisawa shima prefecture has resulted in the discovery of three plant-bearing forma tions, namely the Shiotsubo formation Text-fig. 1-Map showing the !orality of the Yamasato group, the Huzitoge of the Shiotsubo flora. formation and the Izumi formation of the Yamato group. It is the purpose of this brief note to record a small flora from the Shiotsubo formation Kan:1-lluz1sawa. . YAII.\-GUN~' among these three. ., \ \., M 11.\tUt. AIKA'II'A-I!IJRA. < (_y- t .TaU I The geologic succession of the Neo • !'J;I'QDI!lWQ gene Tertiary deposits of the A izu t lignite-field were clarified by the ju nior author in 1951, taking the cen tral part of the western border of the .---~·..... 3 Aizu basin as the type locality, as shown in Table 1. The collection was made by the junior author at an exposure of the upper course of the Hara river, a tributary of the Aga river, about 4 km of Aikawa-mura in Yama-gun. northwest of Kitakata city, Aizu basin, Fossil leaves here described were dis Hukushim:t prefecture. As shown in covered from the uppermost laminated Fig. 1, the locality of fossil plants is tuff of the Shiotsubo formation which is considered to be of marine deposits in * Read jan. 23, 1953; received Aug. 10. 1953. origin. As its stratigraphic position is ** Mining College. Akita University shown in Text-fig. 2, the leaf-bearing *** Department of Arts and Sciences. Huku laminated tuff is underlain by the coarse shima University grained sands, which contains abundant
133 J.34 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SUZUKI
Table 1. Stratigraphic succession of the Neogene Tertiary rocks in the Aizu lignite-field. Hukushima pref.. in ascending order. ------Thickness Formations (m) Lithic characters Fossils I - I Granodiorite
Kagata2> 60-90 Basal conglomeratic sand· Marine molluscs formation stone, liparite flow, fine· grained sandstone. and alternation of green tuff and sandstone.
Ogino3> 150·200 Green tuff. tuffaceous sand· Marine molluscs formation stone and green sandstone, Yamasatol> interbedded with plagio- group liparite flow. Urushikubo4> 80-100 Alternation of sandstone 1\'[arine molluscs formation and mudstone, and mud- I and foraminifers stone. Marine molluscs Sbiotsubo5> Alternation of conglo- formation 100-180 (Yama fauna) and merate, sandstone and plants(Shiotsubo) mudstone. flora) Huzitoge7> 150-180 Alternation of conglo- Plants (Huzitoge formation merate, sandstone, mud flora) stone and tuff. with many lignite seams; cross bedded.
Yamato6> lzumiB> 200± Alternation of conglo· Plants (Izumi group formation merate, sandstone, mud· flora) stone and tuff, with lignite seams; cross bedded. Nanaorizaka9> formation 100± Conglomerate and tuff. --- I River terrace deposit ' ------1) ur~ 2) l!HIJ 3) ~Nf 4) ~~ 5) mw 6) mm; 7> ii'* 8) fllJR: 9) -t{lf-!&
Text-fig. 2 Generalized columnar section showing the stratigraphic position of the plant-bearing laminated tuff.
Huzitoge formation r Coarse-grained sands
Laminated tuff The Shiotsubo flora Medium-grained The Yama fauna Shiotsubo sandstone ( Yoldia johanni, Pecten liimurai, formation --~------Tuffaceous Cardium iwaslziroel!se, SerriPes ' massive sandstone. yokoyamai, Lucit1oma actttilineata. Alternation of Thyasira nipponica. Mya conglomerate, urushikuboana, etc.) ------=s=andstone ~nd mudstone The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite·Fieh.l, Hukushima 135 marine molluscs of the Yama fauna Family Fagaceae (OTukA, 1942) and has been believed Cfr. Fagus crena/a BLUME by Japanese palaeontologists to be of Family Ulmaceae the Upper Miocene. The leaf-bearing Zelkowa Ungeri (ETT.) KoVATS laminated tuff is about 3 m thick and Family Papillionaceae consists of fine alternation of tuff, JVistaria jloribzmda A.P. DE CA!'DOU.E Family Aceraceae tuffaceous sandstone-mudstone. Plant Acer debitum, sp. nov. impressions are crowded and well A. sp. preserved, but the rock is so weak that Family Tiliaceae the specimens were mostly broken into Tilia sp. fragmental pieces. The authors discriminated the follow The Shiotsubo flora contains 14 spe ing only 14 plants in the Shiotsubo flora. cies, representing 9 genera of 7 families .. Most of them are specifically undefined and is characterised by the dominance as the materials are incomplete to of Salicaceae and Betulaceae. It is decide their accurate specific names. interesting that none of coniferous trees such as Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus Plants of the Shiotsubo flora which are so common in the Tertiary Family Salicaceae floras of Japan were not found. All of Populus aizuana, sp. nov. the Shiotsubo plants hitherto known are P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. considered to be deciduous broad-leaved Cfr. Salix Lackschewitziana TAEPER trees, shrubs and vein. Cfr. S. jessoensis SEEMEI' The modern equivalents of the Shio Family Betulaceae Cfr. Altms japonica SIEB. et zucc. tsubo plants and their geographic dis· A. tincloria SARGENT tribution may be enumerated as the Cfr. Betula Ermanni CHAl'.USSo following table: Carpimts erosa BLUME
Shiotsubo species Geographic distribution Modern equivalents in Japan in Japan ------Populus aizuana. sp. nov. P. Sambonsgii, sp. nov. Cfr. Salix jessoensis S. jessoensis SEEM. H Nh Cfr. S. Lackschetdlziana S. Lakscheuitziana T AEPER H Nh Cfr. Almts japonica A. japonica S. et Z. var. arguta H Nh CALL. A. tittcloria A. littcloria SARGE:-;T var. H Nh Ch Sh S K obtusiloba CALL Ctr. Betula Ermanni B. Ermam1i CHAM. H Nh Ch Sh S K Carpinus erosa C. erosa BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S Cfr. Fagus crenata F. crenata BLUME H Nh Ch Sh S K Ze/kowa Ungeri Z. serrata MAKINO Nh Ch Sh S K Wistaria floribunda W. jloribumla A. P. DE Nh Ch Sh S K CANDOLLE Acer debitum, sp. nov. A. ornatum CARR. H Nh Ch Sh S K 136 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SuzUKI
A. sp. A. aizuense NAKAI H Nh Ch Sh S K Ti/ia sp. T. japonica SIMK. H Nh Ch Sh S K I I H (Hokkaido), Nh (Northern Honsyu), Ch (Central Honsyu), Sh (Southern Honsyu), S (Shikoku), K (Kyusyu)
Excluding two species which equiva Nenoshiroishi flora near Sendai seems lents are found in North America, all to be most comparable with our flora. others are now living in Japan, particu According to 0KUT5U (1940), 84 species larly in its northern parts. It is pre of the Nenoshiroishi flora are distributed sumable that the Shiotsubo flora may in 46 genera and 29 families, besides 5 be correlatable in the floral association undeterminable plants, and the dominant most closely to the modern forests of families of the flora are Betulaceae, Northern Honsyu and Southern Hok Fagaceae and Aceraceae. He concluded kaido. The climatic condition under that the Nenoshiroishi flora grew un which the Shiotsubo flora grew is con der somewhat colder condition in the sidered to be a little colder than the Upper Miocene age than at present. Aizu basin at present. Comparing our 14 species with the As the Shiotsubo flora comprising only Nenoshiroishi species, as shown in the 14 spceies it is difficult to determine its following table, the floral affinity bet geological age on the base of the flora ween the two is clearly great at least only. However, as far as we know, the in the ecological condition.
Comparison of the Shiotsubo species with the Nenoshiroishi species
Shiotsubo species Related soecies in the Nenoshiroishi flora (OKUTSU, 1940)
Populus Sambonsgii, sp. nov...... P. ba/samoides GOPPERT Altms lit1cforia SARGEST ...... A. hirsuta TURZ* Cfr. Betula Ermatmi CHA:o-1...... B. Ennmmi CHAM.* CarPinus erosa BLUME ...... C. cordata BLU'>IE* Cfr. Fagus crenata BLUME ...... F. cre11ata BLUME* Zelkowa U11geri (ETT.) KovATS ...... Z. serrata MAKINO* Acer debi/um, sp. nov...... A. eupalmatum KoiDz. Tilia sp...... T. disla/IS NATHORST
* Marked species are numerous common elements in the Nenoshiroishi flora.
It would be almost safe that the mation as a whole is of the Upper Shiotsubo flora is nearly contemporane Miocene. This correlation has been ous with the Nenoshiroishi flora in supported by the faunal evidences of the geological age, and the Shiotsubo for- Yama fauna in the Shiotsubo formation. The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formati9n of the Aizu Lignite-Field, Hukushima 137
Description of Species of the Japanese fossil species hitherto reported, but are more or less compara Genus Populus L. ble with some foreign species ; they are P. latior AL. BRAUN (1845, p. 167) which Populus aizuana, sp. nov. is extensive in the Miocene floras of Eurasia and occurs also from the Plate 16. Figures 1-4 Japanese Miocene, P. prefremonti DoRF (1930, p. 77, Pl. 7, Fig. 4) which is com Description :-Leaf deltoid or broadly mon in the Neogene floras of Western ·diamond, 5-8 em long and 6-8 em wide, United States, and P. Pliotremuloides le to none sent leaf bears a definite resemblance 138 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SUZUKI to the American living species, such as upper adjacent to b~ camptodromous .. PoPulus tacamahaca MILL. and P. Finer veins networked. Petiole thick. trichocarfJa HooK, rather than to the and short. Texture rather thin. Japanese livings. P. tacamahaca, which Comparison and remarks :-Only one is one of the sub·Arctic American trees, specimen, which is almost complete, was is much longer being ovato-lanceolate in obtained. Comparable living species of outline. P. trichocarpa, which now Salix with the present leaf are rather grows in the Pacific region from Cali common. Among them, our leaf is fornia to southern Alaska, is much most closely referable to S. jessoensis larger than ours and rounded or ab SEEMEN, which now grows commonly at· ruptly cuneate at the base. Among the riversides of Hokkaido and northern living PoPulus of Japan P. Sieboldi Mta. Honsyu in Japan. more or less resembles ours. Of the Four species of Salix have been re Chinese sp~ies, P. yunnane11sis DaDE corded from the·· Japanese Neogene· somewhat related to ours. Tertiary; they are S. varians GorPERT, P. Sambmtsgi'i, sp. nov. is easily dis S. Lavateri H.EER, S. gracilistyla Mto. tinguished from P. aiz1eana by the ba!Jal and S. triandra L. var. -nipponica characters and the marginal serration. SEF.MEN. There are no referable fossil Popzeltts in Occurrence : Rare the Japanese Tertiary floras. This &pe des somewhat resembles P. Alexanderi Cfr. Salix Lacksclzewitzitta T AEPER DoRF (1930, p. 75, Pl. 6, Figs. 9-11; Pl. 7, Figs. 1-3) of the Neogene floras of Plate 16, Figure 8 Western United States, but its lateral veins are more densely arranged thiJ,n A single incomplete specimen was. in ours. d~termined. It is almost unseparable This new species is named in honor trom Salix Lackschewitziatta T AEPF.R as. of Prof. M. SAMBONSGI of the Depart far as its observable characters of leaf ment of Arts and Sciences, Hukushima are concerned. S. Lacksclzewitziana is. UniverSity. Jiving at riversides of Hokkaido and Occurrence: Common northern Honsyu in Japan, and more widely extending to Sachalien, Korea,. Genus Salix L. Amur and Ussuri. Occurrence : Rare Cfr. Salix jessoensis SEEMEN Genus Al1ms GAERTN. Plate 16, Figure 9 Cfr. Abttts japoni'ca SIEB. et Zucc. Description :-Leaf lanceolate, 8 em long and 1.5 em broad, long acuminate General character of leaf is, though at the apex, acute at the base. Margin it is made up from fragmental speci finely serrate. Midvein thick and straight mens, strongly akin to the modern to the apex. Lateral veins numerous, Al1ms japonica SIEB. et Zucc., particu rather irregularly and densely arranged, larly to its var. argzeta CALL. A. japonica leaving the midvein at angles of 40-50°, is commonly distributing at borders of slightly curved apically and ascend swamps and streams in almost whole along the margin to connect with the Japan, and extending westwards t(} The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite-Field. Hukushima 139
·xorea and Manchuria; var. arguta is 194{). CarPitms cordata, ENDo : p. 54, Pl. 7, also common at swamps of Hokkaido Figs: 5. 9, 10. 13, 19. and northern Honsyu of Japan. 1948. Carpinus erosa, MII Some fragmental leaves were deter Cfr. Betula Ermamzi CuAMisso mined. They are quite identical with Though our specimens are incomplete, the existing Alnus tittctoria SARGE~T the leaf character strongly resembles and are undistinguishable from its var. the living Betula Ermam1i CHAM. B. obtusi/oba CAtr.. which is common in the Ermamzi and its varieties are the temperate forests of .Japan. representative sub-Arctic trees of Nor A. tinctoria has been known since the theastern Asia, distributing widely in Upper Miocene in Japan. In 1888, Kamtchatka, Aleutian Islands, Kulile NATHORST figured A. sp. (cfr. A. incana Islands, Sachalien, Japanese Islands, WILLD) (p. 30, Pl. 7, Fig. 9) from Seki Korea, Eastern Siberia and Unalaska. -of Sado Is.. Ntigata pref. is surely In the central part of Japan they grow related to A. tinctoria, but distinctly on mountains higher than 1300 m in differs from the modern species. A. elevation. inca11a recorded by ScHMALHAUSE~ (1887, Fossils of B. Ermamzi were reported p. 202, PI. 19, Fig. 14 : p. 203, Pl. 20, from the Upper Miocene Nenoshiroishi Figs. 3-9 from the Altai Mountains plant beds (0KUTSll, 1940. p. 158, PI, 10, Miocene deposits is also similar to A. Figs. 1-2) and the Pleistocene Shiobara Jinctoria. bed (E~oo, 1940. p. 51, Pl. R, Figs. 4, 24). Occurrence : Common Occurrence: Rare Genus Carpinus L. Genus Fagus L. CarPi11us erosa BLUME Cfr. Fagus crenata Rr.uME 1931. CarPinus cordata. KoN'No: Pl. 1, Fig. 7; Pl. 2. Fig. 4; Pl. 8, Figs. 9, 10, Plate 16, Figure 10 1933. CarPinus cordata, ENDO : p. 40. 3 in Text·fig. 9. Some leaves of Fagus, which are 1938. Carpinus erosa, l\IIKI : p. 229, Pl. 4, Fig. closely comparable with the living Fagus K; Pl. 10 G. cretzata Bt.uME, were obtained. As 1.40 Kazuo HUZIOKA and Keiji SUZUKI shmvn in Fig. 10, our leaves are charac Genus Wistaria N UTT terised by the presence of distinct mar ginal teeth, which are· occasionally seen lVistaria floribrmda A.P. DE in the living leaves of F. crenata. CANDO!. I.E Neogene Fagus of Jap:m, which bear:> serrate margin such as our present 1937. Wistaria jforibrmda, M!Kl : p. 318, Figs_ leaves, has been treated under the name 6F-H. 1938. Krau11hia /foribmrda, HuzioKA : p. 148. of F. ferruginea AIT. (NATHORST, 1883, p. 43, Pl. 4, Figs. 11-24; Pl. 5, Figs. 1-11; 1938. Wistaria jforibrmda, l\IJKI : p. 220, Fig. 5G ; p. 223; p. 224, Fig. 61 ; p. 237, Fig. Pl. 6, Fig. 1). Comparing our specimens 14K. with the related species of modern Fagus, they seem to be more closely Material is a detached leaflet, but it similar to F. cre1zata than to F. grandi is so well-preserved that is quite identi· folia and other species. In the present cal with the living Wistaria jloribtmda disposal. it is considered inadvisable to A.P. de CA!'>DOLLE. This species in com apply the name F. ferruginea to our mon in Honsyu and Kyusyu of Japan, specimens until more definitive materials and fossils of leaflets, pods, spines and are available, therefore, the authors shoots have been recorded from the wish to treat them as cited above. Japanese Pliocene and Pleistocene floras. F. gra~ulifolia Etmll. (=F. americana Occzerre11ce : Rare SwEI-:T and F. ferrughzea An.) is now existing in North America. F. crenata is common in the temperate forests of Genus Acer L. Japan and grows in forests -higher than 300m in elevation at the Aizu basin. Acer debitum, sp. nov. Occurrence : Common Plate i6, Figures 11-12. Description :-Leaf small, palmately- 5-7 lobed, very deeply dissected. Lobe Genus Zellwwa SPACH linear lanceolate, broadest at a little below the middle part, thence gradually Zelkowa Ungeri (ETTI NGSHAUSF.N) tapering bothwards, long acuminate at Ko\'ATS the apex. connected with the neighbour: ing lobes near the basal part ; the 1951. Zelkowa U11geri, HUZ!OKA: p. 71, Pl. 5. median lobe is largest, of the specimen Fig. 9. shO\VTI in Fig. 11 measuring 4 em in length and 0.8 em in breadth. Primary Some detached leaves identified to veins 5-7 in number, palmately disposed Zelkowa Ungeri are closely related to Z. from the base of lamina corresponding serrata MAI Comparison and remarks:-A. debilzmt, kaido, Honsyu, Shikoku and northern sp. nov. is named on somewhat incom Kyusyu. plete specimens which are lacking their Occurrence : Rare petioles, but is distinct from the known species in the deeply dissected narrow Genus Tilia L. lobes. This species is essentially related to Acer orttatum.CARR. which distributes Tilia sp. indet. widely in Northeastern Asia containing many varieties and form as. A. formosrem Some fragmental leaves which are CARR., which is common in Japan, is referable to the genus Tilia were deter also somewhat akin to this fossil. mined. They may be akin to T. A. debilum is quite similar to A. japonica SIMONKAI which is existing in erepalmatum Komz. figured by E:-~oo Hokkaido, Honsyu and Kyusyu. (1934, p. 240, Pl. 29, Fig. 5; Pl. 34, Fig. Occurrence : Rather rare 4; Pl. 35, Figs. 6-8, 19) from the Pleistocene Shiobara plants bed, but the lobes are more narrowly lanceolate than References those of the Shiobara leaves. A. orna AXELROD. D.I. (19:i8), A Pliocene Flora from tuin reported by T ANAl ( 1952, p. 234, the Mount Eden Beds, S:>uthern California. PL 22,_Fig. 10) from the Enniti series Carnegie /nsf. lVaslmzgton. Pub/. No. 476, of Korea is also similar to our A. Pt. 3. debitum, but his lobe is more shallowly BRAUN, AL. (1845), Die tertiiir Flora von dissected than in our species. There Oeningen. Neues ]ahrb. f. Min. etc. are no comparable species with A. DoRF, E. (1930), Pliocene Floras of California. debilzmz among the foreign Acers in Carnegie l11sl. ·washi11gton. Publ. No. both of the fossil and the living. 412, Pt. 1. Occurrence: Rather rare ENDn. S. (1933), Cenozoic Plants. Supplement. [wmzami's Geological and Pa/aeontologicar Series. (in Japanese). Acer sp. --, (1934.),_ Some japanese Cenozoic Plants. I. On the Fossil Acer from the Shiobara Plate 16, Figure 13. Pleistocene Plant Beds. ]apa11. ]ourn. Geol. Geogr.. Vol. 11. Nos. 3-.J. Description :-Samara small, splitting --, (1940), A Pleistocene Flora from Shio angle with a pair shows 20°. Seed bara, Japan. Sci. RePt. Tohoku Imp. U11iv., ellipsoid, about 8 mm long and 4 mm 2nd ser.. Vol. 21. No. 2. wide, with some longitudinal grooves HU7.IOKA. K (1938), Notes on Some Neogene on the surface. Wing incomplete, longer Plants from the Island of Heigun. Yama· than 1 em and at least 7 mm wide, con guti Pref., with the Description of Two stricted at the base, straight at the New Species of the Genera Sassafras and Carpimts. ]ourn. Fac. Sci .. Hokkaido ImP. outer margin. Univ., Ser. 4, Vol. 4, Nos. 1-2. Comparison and remarks :-Only one --. (1951). Notes on Some Tertiary Plants incomplete samara was obtained from from Tyosen (Korea). II. Trans. Proc. the same locality_ with A. debitum. Palaeont. Soc. ] apa11 N.S., No. 3. This samara, however, seems to be KoN'NO, E. (1931), Cenozoic Plants of the similar to A. aizttense NAKAI, which now Central Shinano. in HoMMA's Geology of grows in forests of moist soil in Hok- the Central Slzinatzo. Japan (in Japanese). .142 Kazuo HUZ!OKA and Keiji SuzUKI JvfiKI. S. (19a8). On the change of flora of --. (1940), Fossil Plants from the Neno· Japan since the Upper Pliocene and the shiroishi Plant Beds near Sendai. Saito floral composition at the present. Japan. Ho·on Kai Mus. Res. Bull .. No. 19. Joum. Botany, Vol. 9. No. 2. 0TUKA. Y. (1942). The Neogene Tertiary --, (1941). On the chamze of flora in Eastern Faunas between Honzyo and Kurosawa, Asia since Tertiary Period. (l) The Clay Akita Prefecture. (in japanese) Journ. or Lignite Beds flora in Japan with spe Japan. Ass. Petrol. Tedm., Vol. 15. No. 3. cial reference to Pinus lrifolia beds in ScHMALHAUSEN, J. (1887). Ueber tertiiire Central Hondo. Ibid., Vol. 11. Pfl:mzen a us dem Thale Flusses Buchtorma --, (1948), Floral remains in Kinki and am Fusse des Altaigebirges. Palaeontgr. Adjacent Districts since the Pliocene with Vol. 33. DesCription of 8 new species. Sci. Rep/. SUZUKI, K. (1951), The Gt>ology of the west Osaka Second Teachers College, No. 2. Region of Aizu B:tsin, Hukushima Prefec· NATJIORST, A.G. (1883), Contribution a Ia ture. Pt. I Central Area. (in Japanese) flore'fossile du Japon. Kg/. Sv. Vet. Akad. Joum. Ceo!. Soc. ]opan, Vol. 57. No. Hand/., Vol. 20, No. 2. 673. (1888), Zur fossilen Flora Japans. TANAI. T. (1952), Notes a propos de quelques Palaeont. Abh., Vol . .J. plantes fossiles dans lc groupe d'Ennichi OKUTSU, H. (1940), On the Nenoshiroishi (Yongil) du Coree meridionale I. TratJS. Plants Beds and Its Flora. Jubilee pub!. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan N.S., No. 8. Commcm. Prof. H. Yabe's 60th Birthday. Explanation of Plate 16 (The figures are all natural size unless otherwise stated) The specimens are stored in the Institute of Earth Science, Department of Arts and Sciences, Hukushima University. Figs. 1-•1. Populus aizuana, sp. nov...... p. 137 Figs. 5-7. Populus Sambat1sgii. sp. nov...... p. 137 Fig. 8. Cfr. Salix l.Ackschewitziatla T AEPE~ ...... p. 138 Fig. 9. Cfr. Salix jessoetJSis SEE\IE!" ...... p. 138 Fig. 10. Cfr. Fagus crena/a BLU\IE ...... p. 139 Figs. 11-12. Acer debilum. sp. nov ...... p. 140 Fig. 13. Acer sp. ( x 2) ...... p. 141 Locality: About 1 km west of Mt. Tate, upper course of the Hara river. a tributary of · the Alla river, route-side between Iwasawa of Kamisammiya-mura and Kamihuzisawa of Aikawa·mura, Yama-gun, Hukushima Prefecture. (see. Fig. 1); Shiotsubo formation of Yama· sato group (Upper Miocene); Coli. K. SUZUKI. Jl,i,\'I!!Iil,llli~:Jtfitll!lltf J:itilR • J::=;:'P;:ft~lRrtlfllJ}!li-W. Jiiii'ftJIIx7Jit)jj\JII J:V!f.fllllJilli:li 1 ff-; lhllitililtf. · :!tiW~tt'(J:Jl'f:r.J1N;ilt): irt ?!elK£ iii :W 1£ HuzJOKA and SuzuKI: Flora of Shiotsubo Formation PLATE 16 ',!!- ·, \ It; .•. 11 ~I -, ~ .·, 3 .,•: . .. , ' ' ' ' -•. 8 (I . ~,,, ~·l'' \ .. t '~•. 13 x2 7 TAKAYAsu, Photo. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S., No. 14, pp. 143-148, Pis. 17-18, Aug. 15, 1954 247. ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC FINE STRUCTURE OF FOSSIL DIATOMS, II* HARUO OKUNO Kyoto University of Textile Fibers {~:fi~!i Melosira grmmlata (EHRENBERG) pores roundish (about 50-100 mp in RALFS diameter) and larger in the centre of the sieve membrane, roundish-polygonal, Pl. 17, Figs. Ia, b. and smaller at the margin. Sieve pores Melosira granulata (EHRENBERG) RAI.FS, often divided into several micropores. HANNA and GRANT, 1929, ]ourn. Paleont. In many frustules, the sieve membranes t•ol. 3, p. 95. pl. 12. figs. 8. 9.-HUSTEDT, are lost. The fine structure of the sieve 1930. Kieselalg., Ttil. 1. p. 248. fig. 104. membrane of the present specimen was MILLS, 1934. Index, p. 929.-0KUNo, 19·i4. distinclty different from that of the next Kagaku (Science). Tokyo. vol. 14. p. 307, f. wrvata, which has the dendriform fig. 1-f, h, fig. 4.-CLEVE·EULER. 1951. sieve membrane. The cover membrane Diat. Schweden u. Finnland. p. 24. of the loculus, with a round cover pore, Mel. granu/ata f. reticula/a 0. MULLER. about 0.7-1 p. in diameter. CLEVE-EULER, 1951, L c., p. 25. Habitat: Fresh water, planktonic. Frustules cylindric. Diameter about Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, 12-35 (5-35) p. Frustule pores, locular, no. 1251) Yamautsuri-mura, Shimoge regular or scalene quadrilateral, some gun. Oita Prefecture. Middle Plei times scalene polygonal, 6-7 (6-12) in stocene. 10 p., arranged in straight or slightly curved longitudinal rows. Sieve mem f. crervata GIWNow branes of the loculi scattered with sieve pores of various shapes and sizes. Sieve Pl. 17, Figs. 2a, b. Melosira gratrula/a t. curvata GRU:- Differs from Mel. granulata var. the fossil frustules from Makkaribetsu gramelata by the curvate frustules and mura, the sieve membrane;; of the loculi chains. Loculi about · 6-8 in 10 JL· In were almost completely lost, and I could the present specimens, the sieve mem find only the dentiform remains of them branes of the loculi were dendriform, at the borders of the loculi as shown in consisted of. the robust bases and anas figs. 3a, b. In the loculi of the living tomosing branches. In many frustules, frustules of Aclm. lanceolata, KoLBE the sieve membranes were broken or and I severally have found sieve mem lost. The sieve membrane somewhat branes with round sieve pores arranged resembles in its dendriform and netveined in transverse and ohlique rows (KoLBE, structure to those of Araclmoidiscus 1943, Ber. Dt. Bot. Ges., vol. 61. p. 95, fJrllatus (OKt;:-;o, 1949, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, pl. 4, fig. 15 ; GRt:so. 1953, Bot. Mag. vol. 62, p. 97, pl. 3, fig. 3), Cocconeis Tokyo, vol. 66, p. 7. pl. 2. fig. 2'). In scutellum (upper valve) (0Kuc-:o, 1950, the fossil frustule, on one side of the 1 1. c .. vol. 63, p. 101, pl. 3, figs. 6 • 6"), central area of the upper valve, I found and Didymosphenia geminata var. cur a round thin membrane, quite penetra vata (Pl. 17, figs. 5a-d). According to my ble to the electron beam (fig. 3b ). This researches, sieve membranes of a species is the sieve membrane of the so-called and its varieties or forms, were usually 'horse-shoe shaped area·, and which of the same structure, and such a hitherto misunderstood light-microscopi dimorphism of the sieve membrane cally to be the thickening of the frus found in the previous species and the tule! present form is rather exceptional. The present forma ventricosa is con Habitat: Fresh water, planktonic. nected with Aclm. lanceolata var. lanceo Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, lata by continued intermediate forms. no. 1141) Kampa, Keisho-Hokudo, Korea. Habitat: Fresh water, littoral. Neogene. Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, no. l 316) l\1akkaribetsu-mura. Abuta gun, Hokk'lido. Pleistocene? Aclmanthes lanceolata (BREBJSSON) GRrNow f. ventricosa Ht:sTEDT Actinella brasiliensis GRusow Pl. 17. figs. 4.a, b. Pl. 17, figs. 3a. b. Actinella brasiliensis GRU~OW. HUSTEDT. 1913. Ach11a11tlzes lanceo/ata (BRf:BJsso:-:) GRU:-.:ow in A. SCIJ:\HDT. At. Diat., pl. 292. figs. f. untricosa HUSTEDT. Kieselahz .. T('il. 2, 10-19.-MILLS, 1933, Index, p. 76. p. 409, fig. 863 e, f.-OKUNo. 1947. Kagaku (Science). Tok.Yo. r:o/. 17. p. '!10, tics. 4. Valves linear, slightly arcuate, with 5; 1952, At. Foss. Diat., pl. 19. fig. 2. broad, capitate apex and narrow, round Valves lanceolate, rounded or some basis. About 77-115 <30-140) JL long, what rostrated at the ends, slightly and about 10-12 (7-12) p. broad at the dilated bilaterally in the middle. About apex. Frustule pores are holes, about 17-31 (8-40) JL long, about 6.5-8.5 (4-lO),u 4 in 1 JL, arranged in tranwerse rows broad. Frustule pores transversely elon about 14-17 (12-19) in 10 ,u. Holes gated, probably locular as in Pimmlaria. rectangular to roundish-rectangular, Loculi about 13-15 (13-17) iri lOJL. In about 8000--16)00 m JL"!. ·In the present Electron·l\Iicroscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms. II. 145 -specimens, I could not find the sieve about 2311' in diameter. Frustule pores membrane in the hole. on the valve are probably holes, round · Habitat: Fresh water, Littoral. ish, about 100-200m 11' in diameter. about Occurretzce: In diatomite. (Specimen, 3 in 1/1'. arranged in longer and shorter, no. 357, E44) Arii-mura. Minamimuro sometimes interrupted radiating rows, gun, Mie Prefecture. Holocene. near the processes converging around them. Sieve membranes of the holes could not be found (fig. 6b). At the Acti1zocyclus elliPti'cus GRu~ow end of the process; a well preserved Pl. 17, figs. Sa. b. sie\·e membrane was found. The sieve membrane of the process thin, with Acti1!0C)'clus cl/ipticus GRUNOW. Ht.:STEDT, round to roundish-polygonal sieve pores 1930, Kieselalg., Teil. 1, p. 533, fig. 303. about 3.5 in 1/1', about 60-200m 11' in l\ branes was caused by weathering or Valves cymbiform, slightly asymmet by the electron shoot in the electron rical. with subrostrate ends. About 90- microscope. 150 (89-153)J.£ long, and about 30--10 (28- Habitat: Marine, littoral. 40) J.L broad. Rows of the frustule pores Occurrence: In clay. (Specimen, no. slightly radiate, about 6-9 in 10 J.£ in the m379; Collected by M. lcHIHARA) Upper middle and increase to 10 at the ends. russety clay layer in Shimohozumi, Frustule pores maY be locular ; round Ibaragi city, Osaka Pufecture. Pleisto· to subrectangular, about 150-250mJ.L in cene, Osaka Group. diameter, about 15-18 in 10 J.L· In the present specimens, sieve membranes of the frustule pores could not be found. Campylodiscus eclleneis EHRE~BF.RG In the fustule pores of the living form Pl. 18, Figs. 2a. b. of Cymbella austmlica, I have found pOrOUS sieve membranes (0KUNO, 1953, Campy/odiscus echeueis EHREKBERG. HAN:-;A Bot. Mag. Tokyo, vol. 66, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. and GRANT, 1929, ]ourn. Paleont. vo/. 3, 3111 ). According to my experiment, the p. 91, pl. 11, figs. 4, 5.-HANKA, 1933, sieve membranes of C ymbella are so 23-24111 Atm. ReP. Florida St. Ceo/. Sttrv., delicate that they are easily broken off p. 92, pl. 9. fig. 5.-l'vi!LLS, 1933, Index, in the course of preparation. p. 338.-0KUt-:o, 1951. Ceo/. Sci. Kyoto. Habitat: Fresh water. littoral. 110. 6. p. 623. pl. 3. fig. 6. Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, Valves suborbicular, about 160-200 no. 1538, E50, E52) Himekozawa in Nezu (80-200) J.£ in diameter. Marginal costae mura, Chiisagata-gun, Nagano Prefec indistinct. Central area narrow linear ture. Neogene. or absent. Holes round to elongated, about 1-5 J.L in diameter, arranged in opeplwra Martyi HERIBAUD indistinct radiating rows. Valves very delicate and easily broken into frag Pl. 18. Fig. 4. ments. Sieve membranes of the holes Opephora Martyi HERIBAUD. HUSTEDT, 1930. could not be found. They were probably BacilL, p. 132, fig. 120.-MILLS, 1934, lost. Index, p. 1256. Habitat: Marine and brackish, littoral. Occurrence: In· clay. (Specimen, no. Valves ovate, about 4 (4-60) p. long, about 3 (3-8) J.L broad. Loculi trans m382, lcHIHARA-525) Shimohozumi, Iba verse, about 10 in 10 p.. In the present ragi city, Osaka Prefecture. Pleistocene, Osaka Group. specimen, reticulate sieve membranes of the loculi are well preserved. Sieve pores subrectangular, about 7 in 1 p., Cymbella Ehrenberg# KliTz! NG about 70-140m J.£ long and about 70m J.L broad, arranged in radiating and arcuate · Pl. 18, Figs. 3a, b. longitudinal rows. Surface of the sieve Cymbella Ehre11bergii KUTZING, 1844. Bacill .. membrane with minute granular dots. p. 79, pl. 6, fig. 11.-MILLS, 1933 Index, p. The specimen was photoed after shad 551.-SKVORTZOV, 1937. Mem. Sci. Kyoto owed by Cr-evaporation. Imp. Univ. Ser. B. vol. 12, p. 149. pl. 6. Habitat: Fresh water, littoral. figs. 5-7, pL 8, fig. 6. Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, Electron-Microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms, II. 147 no. 1310) Kimobetsu-mura, Abuta-gun, the upper valve of Coccomis scretellum Hokkaido. Holocene or Pleistocene. (0Kt;:--;o, 1950, 1. c., vol. 63, p. 101, pl. Rusutsu Formation? 3, figs. 6-6"). Habitat: Fresh water, littoral. Occurrence: In diatomite. Figs. 5a-c. Didymosphenia geminata (LYSGBYE) 1\L Scm.!IDT Tawarasaka, Ureshino-cho, Fujitsu-gun, Saga Prefecture. (Specimen, no. 1643, var. curvata SKvoRTzov et MEYER E222) Neogene. Fig. 5d. Yatsuka-mura, Pl. 18. Figs. Sa-d. !\faniwa-gun, Okayama Prefecture. (Specimen, no. 1107) Pleistocene. Didymospheuia gcmiua/a (LY:-:GBYE) :\1. SCHMIDT var. curva/a SKVORTZOV et ?IIEYER. SKVORTZOV, 1937, ,'Y[em. Sci. Navirula americana EHRF.~RERG Kyoto Imp. Univ. Scr. B, vol. 12. p. 169. Pl. 18, Figs. 6a-c. pl. 9, fi~5. 5, 9, 10. Valves arcuate-clavate, with sub Navicula americana EIIRE:\'l3ERG, llllSTEDT, 1930, Bacill., p. 280, fig. 464.-l\IH.LS, 19~4. rostrate apex and somewhat narrow Index, p. 975. basis, about 10D-I27 p, long, about 30-35 P broad. Frustule pores arranged in Valves linear, with rounded ends, radiating rows, about 7 in 10 p,. Frustule about 65 (3Q--154) 1-J- long, about 15 (10- pores rectangular to roundish-rectangu 30) J.A- broad. Axial area broad, about lar, probably locular, in Tawarasaka spe half the width of the valve, dilated cimens about 600-1500m 1-J- long and 600- orbicularly in the middle. Frustule u50m p, broad (figs. 5a-c). In Yatsuka pores are holes, arranged in slightly specimens about 400-600m 1-J- long and radiating rows, about 15-18 in 10 p,. about 300-500m p, broad (fig. 5d). Frus Holes roundish .to subrectangular, about tule pores are probably closed with thin 30 in 10 1-J-, about 130-140m p. in diameter. sieve membranes supported by 2-8 den Sieve membranes of the holes could not driform thickenings. Such sieve mem be found. branes with dendriform thickenings were Habitat: Fresh water. littoral. found by me also in Araclmoidiscus Occurrence: In diatomite. (Specimen, ornatus (0Ku:-;o, 1949, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, no. 1543, El57) Nishise-mura, near vol. 62, p. 97. pl. 3, fig. 3; 1953, 1. c., Hitoyoshi-cho, Kuma-gun, Kumamoto vol. 66, pp. 123-124, pl. 1, fig. 11) and in Prefecture. Pleistocene. 148 Haruo 0KUNO Explanation of Plate 17 L.M. : Light Micrograph. E.l\·!.: Electron Micrograph. Electron micrographs without special remarks were all obtained from the direct preparations. Figs. 1a, b. Melosira granulala (EHRE:-;BERG) RALFS. Yamautsuri-mura, Oita Pref. Ia. (L.l\1. x 1000). 1b (E.) f. Collodion. x 8300). Figs. 2a, b. f. curvata GRt::-;ow. Kampo. Korea. 2a (L.Ivl. x 1000). 2b (E.M. Collodion. X 21000). Figs. 3a, b. Achmmthes lanceo/ata (BREBISSON) GRUNOW f. VCII/ricosa HUSTEIJT. Makkari betsu-mura, Hokkaido. 3a, End of the valve 3b, !\Iiddle of the upper valve, showing the well preserved sieve membrane of the 'horse-shoe shaped area' (left side in the figure). 3a. b, (E.M. Collodion. x 14000). Figs. 4a, h. Aclinella brasiliensis GRUNOW. Arii-mura, Mie Pref. 4a (L.l\L. x 1000). 4b (E.M. X 11000). 4a, b, Obtained from the same valve. Figs. Sa, b. A~tinocyclus 'elliPticus GRUNOW. Saw~ne-cho, Sado Island. Niigata Pref. Sa (L.M. X 300). Sb (KI\L X 9000). Figs. iia-c. Auliscus pruinosus BAILEY. Kori, Neyagawa city, O:;aka Pref. 6a (L.M. x 300). 6h,. A portion of the valve. (E.M. :o.. 6000). 6c. Central portion of the sieve membrane of the process. (E.l\1. x 7200). Explanation of Plate 18 Figs. 1a. b. Campylodiscus Daemeliat1us GRt:xow. lbaragi city, Osaka Pref. la (L.M. x 300). 1b, Showing the marginal zone (left side in the figure) and the central area (right side in the figure). (E.M. x 2000). Figs. 2a, b. Camp. eclle11eis EHRENBERG. lbaragi city. Osaka Pref. 2a (L.M. x200). 2b (E.M. x2000). Figs. 3a, b. Cymbella Ehrenbergii KiiTZING. Nezu-mura. Nagano Pref. 3a (L.M. x 400). 3b (E.M. x 9000). Fig. 4. Opephora Marlyi HERIBAUD. Kimobetsu-mura, Hokkaido. (E.M. Collodion substrate. Chromium shadowing. x 13000). Figs. Sa-d. Dhlymosphenita geminata (LYNGBYE) M. ScHMIDT var. curvala SI 3a 3b 6a 6b 6c OK-lJNo : Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms PLATE 18 Sd 6a 6b 6c Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S.. No. 14, pp. 149-153, Pl. 19. Aug. 15, 1954 248. ON THE MIOCENE PECTINIDAE FROM THE ENVIRONS OF SENDAI. PART 5; ON'' PECTEN" ARAKAWA! NOMURA* KOICHIRO MASUDA Department of Geology, College of Education. Tohoku University, Sendai fiiJ#ffli!t•l•f!T*'tmi Pectinidae. 7cv.> 5, (Pecten arakawai NoMURA 1~-?..,•-c): ff:fft~U: 1935&fr-: -J!i ~~~lffirlt~ i11:7c.Pif!t:t1Il£fi'R»> b Pectetz arakawai a: J!Cf( L, 7c v.>f* 1940 &ft:::ftlrftUt~v.>Y~fi!:l!ftJ· b <::. ;tt. a:~H'i· Lk ~:. ~*1;1 fPJ;tt. t'F1Ht--e Pecten arakawai was first described -species by a comparative study. The by S. NoMURA in 1935 from the Miocene collections preserved in the Institute of Tanosawa formation at Tanosawa, .Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku Uni .Odose-mura, Nishi-Tsugaru-gun, Aomori versity, the Saito Ho-on Kai Museum, Prefecture, and subsequently it was re and in the Department of Geology, Col .ported from the Miocene Moniwa forma lege of Education, Tohoku University, tion at Kita-Akaishi, Oide-mura, Natori all in Sendai City, were studied in con gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Unfortunately, nection with this problem. NoMURA's ho!otype consisted of an un Aralwwai is now known to occur in favorably preserved specimen and his the Tanosawa formation in Aomori paratypes were also incomplete and the Prefecture, the Otsutsumi, Moniwa and hypotype reported by him subsequently Oido formations in Miyagi Prefecture, ·from the southern border of Sendai was and its occurrence is expected from also imperfect. Thus, subsequent work formations of similar geological age. ers have been confused in interpreting The geological age of the formations the species. which have yielded this species may all Lately the writer together with some be referred to early Miocene. students of the College of Education of Acknowledgements are due to Dr. the Tohoku University, collected beauti Kotara HATAl of the Department of ful specimens which are referable to Geology, College of Education, Tohoku Pecten arakawai. Taking this oppor University, for supervising the present tunity, the writer wishes to describe the work, and also to the students of the characters of arakawai and to make same institution for their assistance in clear its relationship with other known the field. * Read Oct. 10, 1953; received Oct. 14, 1953. 149 150 Koichiro MASUDA Family Pectinidae The specimens collected by the writer with the assistance of some students of Subfamily Pectininae the College of Ejucation, Tohoku lJni Genus Chlam;ys (BoLTEN) RoDI~G. 1798 versity, take the following description. Shell large and thick, higher than Chlam;ys arakawai (NoMURA), 1935 long, the right valve being less convex Plate 19, figures la-b. 2a-b, 3a- b. 4, 5, 6. than the left, and bo~h valves radiately ribbed. Right valve with 27-35 distinct, 1935. Pecteu (Pecten) arakawai NoMURA, Saito more or less squarish, somewhat round Ho-011 K_ai Mus., Res. Bull.. no. 6, pp. ed, bifurcating, imbricated radial ribs, 'n-iJ-2. pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. !'ometimes with very faint intercalary 1940. Pecten ( Chlamys) arakawai NoMURA, threads between the radials: radial ribs Sci. Rep. Tohoku UnitJ .. Ser. 2, val. 21. nearly equal to their interspaces in 110. 1, p. 17. pl. 2. figs. 1. 2. 3. breadth, and usually bifurcate (or rarely The original description of this trifurcate), and sometimes single; an species is as follows :- terior auricle much larger and longer "Shell very large, attaining about than the posterior, and sculptured with 110 mm. in height, subcircular in outline, imbricated radial threads and concentric slightly higher than long, moderately growth lines, byssal notch distinct and convex, subequivalve, almost equilateral byssal area wide ; posterior auricle -except for ears; radiately ribbed closely; similar to the anterior in sculpture, test medium in thickness: sides of disc though the radial threads of the . post· -slightly concave in the middle and em erior are a little more distinct than _bracing an angle of about goo at beak; those of the anterior; hinge with ~:;on basal margin evenly rounded. Right spicuous cardinal crura, ctenolium, and valve with numerous more or less deep resilial pit. Left valve with im squarish, imbricated ribs, usually split bricated, radial ribs, intercalary threads into two by division, and rarely associ and concentric gTOwth lines; radials 27- -ated with an intercalarly (or two?) be 35 in number, distinct, squarish and not tween the ribs on the lower part of the bifurcating, nearly equal to interspaces disc-surface; interspaces near.Jy equal to in breadth on upper half of disc but .the ribs themselves in breadth, except narrower on the lower half; auricles both sides where they are wider ; whole with imbricated radial threads and con surface marked by fine, distinct, con centric lines, the anterior larger than centric lines. Hinge-line almost half the the posterior ; hinge with deep resilial .length of the disc ; anterior ear much pit and distinct cardinal crura corres produced with a large, deep, triangular ponding to that of right valve. Interior notch below; posterior ear considerably surface smooth except for marginal ser shorter than the anterior, and obliquely ration. .truncated. Interior smooth except for Dimensions (in mm.) ·- the marginal portion where it is crenu Valve Right Right Right Left Left Left late in harmony with the outer sculp Height 128 120 106 116 115 65 ;ture. Left valve apparently similar to Length 115 110 90 100 100 S5 the right in all respects, but the ribs are Hin~:re-length - 6~ fiO - 53 53 3S Depth 18 14 17 23 23 11 narrower, and the interspaces are pro Apical-angle goo 90' goo goo 90° 90~ portionally wider". On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai. Part 5. 151· Remarks :-This species is characterized interspaces.. between the radials b~ing by the right valve having a thick shell narrower. provided with 27 to 35, more or less Chlamys meisensis (MAI in impure limestone may suggest that by warm thermal· conditions and that they were brought to their place of the depth range of the species may have burrial after death. Arakawai also been in the eulittoral zone. occurs in the Moniwa formation at Moniwa, · Oidemura, Natori-gun, Miyagi References Prefecture in association with other bivalves and gastropods, balanids, bry HATAI, K. (1941), On Some Fossils from the ozoans, brachiopods, simple corals and Oido Shell-bed developed in Toda-gun, less commonly aJso with shark's-teeth Rikuzen Province. Jap~n. 1 apan. ] our. and echinoid tests. The entombing Geol. Geogr, vol. 18, no. 3. p. 112. rocks of the fossils mentioned is a MAKIYAMA, J. (1923). Some Pliocene Mollusks granule conglomerate. In the llOr from Maiko. near Kobe. ]apa11. ]our. Ceo/. thwEstern part of Sendai, this species Geogr., rol. 2. no. 2, pp. 23, 24. pl. 4. fig. I. - (1926), Tertiary Fossils from North occurs in the Otsutsumi formation Kanky6-d6. Korea. Mem. Coli. Sci., Kyoto at Otsutsumi, Miyatoko-mura, Kuro Imp. Univ .. Ser. B, vol. 2, no. 3, art. 8, kawa-gun, Miyagi Prefecture, in associa pp. 156, pl. 13. fig. 4. tion with pectinid and brachiopod re NAKAMURA. 'M. (1940), On Some Pectinidae mains. The rocks embedding the fossils Fossils from the Miocene Deposits of the consists of tuffaceous, very coarse sand Tomiya Block, Mi>'agi·ken, Northeast Hon stone or conglomeratic sandstone. In syu, Japan. ] apau. 1 our. Gcol. Geogr., vol. the Oido formation at Wakuya-machi, 17. p. 8. Toda-gun, Ivliyagi Prefecture, Chlamys NOJ\IURA, S. & N!INO, H. (1932). Fossil Mol arakawai occurs in a conglomeratic lusca from Izu and Hakone. Sci. Rep., tuffaceous sandstone near the basal Tohoku Imp. U11iv., Ser. 2, vol. 15, no. 3, part of the formation which comprises p. 175, pl. 12. figs. 5. Sa. tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, conglomera --. -- (1935), 1\Iiocene Mollusca from the Nisi-tsugaru District. Aomori·ken, North· tic tuff, and an alternation of tuff east Honsyu, Japan. Saito Ho·Otl Kai Mus., aceous sandstone and sandstone. The Res. Bull., 110. 6. pp. 4{), 41. pl. 4. figs. 1. 2. fossils other than the one in question -- & HATAI. K. (1937), A List of the Mio· comprises pectinids, some bivalves. very cene Mollusca and Brachiopod'! Collected few gastropods and several brachiopods, from the Region Lying North of the Nana while arakawai is rather rare. kita River in the Vicinity of Sendai, Riku Thus from the foregoing. it may be zen Province, Japan. !hid., no. 13. p. 129. noticed that, in general, Clzlamys ara - (1940). Molluscan Fauna of the J\loniwa kawai occurs from coarse grained sedi Shell Bed expo~ed :Jlong the Natori-gawa ments more commonly than from fine in the Vicinitv of Sendai. Miyagi Prefecture, grained ones, and it is also worthy Japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoktt Imp. U11iv., Ser. 2. vol. 21. no. 1. p. 17, pl. 2. figs. 1, 2, 3. of mention that it does not take to a YOKOYAMA. M. (1920). Foso;ils from the region in which muddy sediments pre 1\Iiura Peninsula and it" Immediate North. vail. The associated fauna of arakawai ]our. Col/. Sci., Tokyo Imp. U11iv .. vol. 39, in the regions above mentioned. all point art. 6. pp. 157. 158. pl. 12. figs. 2-6. to warm thermal conditions. Therefore, -- (1929). Pliocene Shells from near Nanao. it is inferre:l that Chlamys arakawai in Noto. Imp. Ceo!. Surv . .TaPml. ReP. 110. habited a clean sea bottom influenced 104, pp. 5. 6, pl. 6. fig. 2. MAsuDA : Miocene Pectinidae PLATE 19 K. KuMAGAI Photo. On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai. Part 5. 153 Explanation of Plate 19 Figs. la-b, Clz/amys arakawai (NoMURA), a. Right valve, x 1/2, b. Internal view of la, x l/2. Loc. River cliff of Natori-gawa near the Akiu Car-line Station at Kita·Akaishi, Oide mura, Natori-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Figs. 2a-b. Clllamys arakawai (?l.ol\fURA), a. Right valve, x 1/2. b. Internal view of 2a, x 1/2. Loc. Same as above. Figs. 3a-b, Chlamys arakawai (NoMURA), a. Left valve, x 1/2, b. Internal view of 3a, x 1/2. Loc. Same as above. Fig. 4, C/zlamys arakawai (NoMURA). Left valve, x 1. Loc. Same as above. Fig. 5, Chlamys arakawai (NoMURA). Left valve, x 1/2. Loc. Same as above. Fig. 6, Hinge area of Chlamys arakawai (NOMURA). Right valve, x 1. Loc. Same as above. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN r F-!*ti~'!7J;~~ w; 58 @!f91l~J liP. 'fn29 ~ 6 ftlitir;ltili:U)rp~tlt Pectinidae •tlll ... JtFfi~-Jli~ JJ 26 B m.:~t.-kt¥:rnt~=tfll:fil!n.1J it!IW~ti~ t: On S:~me Species of Fossil Mytilidae from tk-rl»HU!-T C~~?r 29 ~)o ~~~iifrX-:iltzr:~~~Wi the Tertiary Formations in the Ninohe !M f=l ;;k(}) 1m l....o District, Iwate Prefecture, japan...... AoKI, Shigeru Ar'J?-,QRii!ii Hepaticites Oishii, sp. nov . .!: Remarks on Certain Genera and Some TuenioPteris yammwiensis, sp. nov. CttWn Species of Lucinids from Japan. (Notes on ...... iWil'iHtkRI> • ~fliil-~ Japanese Lucinid Mollusca-Part 2) ( ft~) Dictyop/zyllum japonicum YoKoYA:\IA Q)IDml ...... HIRAYA:\IA, Katsumi r-: -::;)"· L Cft:b't:)...... i\iit.!t~xnF> • ~llfii-!J! Faunal Analysis of Fossil Molluscs from the tflif.~.=>f(l k!llit1~1~· IV JJ:. rr V ( fl:;~) ...... Raised Beach Deposits of Kamakura, ...... ~fliil-!J! Kanagawa Prefecture ...... KA!:\KO, Saburo Spirostigmoili>1ella. new foraminiferal genus Trigouia japonica JJ:. V: 7c .tL.!: i!f*il ERRATA ERRATA to Article 238, N.S .. pp. 83-88 (1\IASUDA) p. 83, right column. line 7: add "7" p. 85, left column. line 7 from below: erase " 8a-b " ERRATA to Article 239, N.S., pp. 89-95 (HAYASAKA) p. 91, left column, line 3: leave out "are described " p. 93, right column. line 21: read .. accordingly" for "notwithstanding" p. 94. right column, line 11 : read ·· septum " for " Septum " p. 95, right column, lines 11-12 from below: read "stress is not laid on ... " for "it is not laid stress on ... " Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 14, pp. 155-158, Pl. 20. Aug. l!i, 1954 249. DISCOVERY OF NELUMBO FROM THE ASUW A FLORA (UPPER CRETACEOUS) IN FUKUI PREFECTURE IN THE INNER SIDE OF CENTRAL JAPAN* 1-IIDEKUNI MATSUO Kanazawa University Introductory leaf in eastern Asia, as far as is Lotus-leaves have not hitherto been known to the writer. Outside eastern discovered in the Cretaceous Flora of Asia, however, lotus-leaves are known Japan, although they have been known to occur in the upper Cretaceous floras from the Palaeogene formations of of Alaska Peninsula, North America some coal-mines in Kyusyu, Hokkaido and southern France.o According to and Saghalien (the basal part of Neo E;.;oo's paper.s> HEER once thought that gene). These have been described by the genus Nelumbo originated some Prof. S. Esllo (1~3~) by the name of where in the Arctic region during the Nelumbo nipponica.l> And this species upper Cretaceous time. has been reported by Dr. H. Y ABE Then, the occurrences of fossil species (1944) from the Ube coal-field, Yama of Nelumbo may prove to be useful for guchi Prefecture.2> :rvieanwhile, the oc the correlation of the upper Cretaceous currence of Nelzmzbo sp. has been formations at least in the Arctic Region. reported by Prof. I. TATEIWA (193!) It is generally considered in Japan from Korea.31 The material was col that the recent lotus (Nelumbo nucifera GAERTIN) of our country was imported lected by S. Sm:viA.MURA from the upper most part of the Shiragi Series (Upper from China in an ancient time, while Cretaceous deposits) at the Chinan Dr. T. MAKiso maintains that it is district, North-Zenra-Do, southern Korea. monogenetic, its place of origin having However its paleontological description been in India. However, Dr. I. OGA is has not been published until now. sceptic of MAKINo's monogenetic theory, on the basis of his researches on the Therefore, this new species of Asuwa Flora is the oldest remains of the lotus- ancient lotus seeds from Pu-lan-tien ( -j~j: ;ir.5) in South Manchuria, and from * Read Oct. 10. 1953; received Dec. 21, 1953. I 155 15 6 Hidekuni MATSUO in the vicinity of Tokyo, which are Geological Notes believed to be ca. 2,000 years old. According to. his opinion the ancient The fossil leaves dealt with in this lotus and the recent Nelumbo are note were discovered in the abandoned synonymous : taking the occurrences of debris of a closed mine (activity in lotus in the Japanese Islands and Man 1943-46). near the village of Sarao, churia where ancient forms are known Kami-ikeda-Mura, Imadate-Gun, Fukui origin, instead of the monogenetic in Prefecture.* These debris were derived India. without doubt from a formation of alter The oldest lotus of the Far East is a nating beds with fine tuffaceous sand new species for which the writer pro stone and some dark coloured calcareous posed the name Nelumbo orie11talis and shale. The rock specimen containing will be described below. three leaves of Nelumbo orienta/is nov. sp. S. Korea .>.Iaska Hokur_!Ku rel[19n sushima J;ukui Pref. l UppeJ Chtgnik ~. ~ llukkokuji Series o ·i Omichi .dani Taishu Group Forma[ ion ;;; - Sarao bed ~ Lower formation l Om~·daoi Shaktolik Group ~ I--I--';;.,::.~-IT-r-rwr.-n1'T'111'11'4-...... -.~ ? -~-tr7T11M1'rrn'l Shiragi Series Upper Akaiwa bed Lower Akaiwa bed Rakuto Series ? K uwajima bed ltosbiro Group The writer is of opinion that the Tetori Flora should be limited within the Jtoshiro Group,71 because this gro.up is a deposit of a land facies, and its basal part contains boulders of rocks of the lower horizon of the Kuzuryu Group which is of the marine facies. The correlation of the bed with the Asuwa Flora with the Taishu Group of Is. Tsushiina is based on the fact that the rock characters of the Sarao formation resem bles those of this group, containing a tuffite-Iike rock-and a tuffaceous coarse sandstone (this sandstone seems to coincide with TATEIWA's "Bed. intercalated by quartz porpl)yry "). Discovery of Nelum'Jo from the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 157 together with Sequoian twigs is a Two leaves on a slab of shale, leaves compact tuffaceous shale, which belong suborbicular, 12 em in diameter, margin ing to the Sarao formation** of the slightly undulate. Petiole stout suggest upper Cretaceous deposits of Hokuriku ing to be 0.4-0.5 em wide in compressed region, on the Japan Sea side of Central state. Primary ribs assumed to be 22 Japan. and 26, respectively, in number, radiating These upper Cretaceous deposits con from center of leaf, and forking uni tain abundant plant fossils, as the formly and dichotomously two or three writer in cooperation with S. KmA, times with angles of 30 to 50 degrees ; reported to the Geological Society of first fork usually at about a half of the japan on the occasion of its 60th An length. Areolation fine but distinctly niversary,6> its flora having been referred impressed, commonly forming numerous to consist, beside the new Nelzembo, of regular hexagonal and pentago:1a~ Cladophlebt"s, Sagenopteris, Osmzmda, meshes and rarely rhombic forms. Tmnion (Metasequoia like twig), Se Fossil species of Nelumbo is characte quoia, Nilssonia. Ginkgoites, Populus, rized chiefly on the basis of differences Phyllites, etc. in the number of r .ldial veins. But in On that occasion we introduced the recent species can not be distinguished name of the Asuwa Flora for denoting from 0:1e another by the following the occurrence of the plant fossil bed. reason; according to BRow~·s discussion This flora is distinguished from the on the two recent species of Nelumbo, Tetori Flora. and corresponds to the the number of veins in the American upper Cretaceous Flora of Alaska. Con lotus (Neluml;o lutea) varies from 18 to· cerning the Asuwa Flora, the writer 25, with 22 as an average ; while in the wishes to report in another occasion. East Indian species (N. nucifera) the Stratigraphical relations of the upper average is 20. Then, Dr. I. 0GA shows Cretaceous of the Inner side of Japan, that the vein number of _N. mecifera of South Korea and Alaska Peninsula are Japan varies from 19 to 25, 21 being the suggested to be as followed. dominant number, followed by those with 22. Thus he is inclined to disregard the Description of Species number of radial veim as well as the · Family Nymphaceae diameter and the form of leaves, as Nelumbo orientalis, nov. sp. specific characteristics. The writer, however, agrees to cfr. Ne/umbo KemPii (HoLLICK) HoLLICK (1906); U.S. Ceo/. Survey MonograPh BRow:-:'s opinion that, as fossils are L, p. 61. Pls. XIU-XVI. formed and found by chance, and the cfr. N. 11iPPonica ENDO (1934); Japan. four. material is scanty, the difference in the Ceo/. & Ceogr. Vol. XI. p. 255··258, number of veinlets would be useful for PI. XXXVI-X.XXVIII. specific characterization of fossils. cfr. N. dowso11i HoLLICK, BROWS (1936); This new species has a somewhat U.S. Ceo/. Survey Prof. Paper 189-1, more numerous radial ribs than the p. 250, PI. 48. fig. 11. other fossil species, because Nelumb~ cfr. N. t1ippo11ica ENDO, Y ABE (1944); Proc. nipponica is assumed to have 21, N. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, Vol. XX, p. 725-731, dowsotzi has 18, and the other American fig. 3. fossil species is assumed to have 11 to 18 veins. Then N. 1tipponica is closely 158 Hidekuni MATSUO related to the recent species N. mecifera, advices and suggestions given to him in and it appears to be rather closely re this study. To Prof. I. TATEIWA of the lated to the American lotus. This is an Tokyo University and to Dr. I. 0GA, interesting fact that American lotus is the President of the Lotus Research more closely related to the Far Eastern Society in Japan, the writer is indebted fossil species than to the American fossil for knowledge on the fossil Korean lotus, species. and the ancient and recent lotus, re Moreover, the size of leaves looks to spectively. To Prof. I. HAYASAKA of the be smaller than the other species, as N. Hokkaido University thanks are due to nipponica measures the maximum dia his kind criticism and rea:l.ing of manu meter of 60 em, N. Kempii is a larger scripts. type, but N. dowsoni assumes the Bra· se11ia size. However, BRow:-~ considers References that these small leaves are of a single upper Cretaceous species, having the 1) E:mo, S. (1933-34). A New Species of maximum diameter of 4.4 em. The in Nelumbo from the Palaeogene of Japan. determined south Korean species was JaPan. ]otmt. Geol. & Geogr. Vol. XI, p. recorded to be of a small size. 255-258. 2) Y ABE. H. (1944) Palaeogene Age of the coal Locality: 600 m west from the village of Formation of the Ube Coalfield, Yamaguchi Sarao, Kami·ikeda·l'vfura. Imadate-Gun, Prefecture. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo. Vol. Fukui Prefecture. XX, p. 727, Fig. 3. Lat. 35°51140 11N. Long. 136°21 129"E 3) TATEIWA. 1. (1933-34), Cretaceous Flora Geological horizon: Sarao formation, Asuwa of Tsushima, Japan. ] apau. ] our. Geol. & Flora (upper Cretaceous). Geogr., Vol. XI, p. 189-209. Collector: H. MATSUO, July 12, 1953. 4) PoTo:-;u::. H. (1921), Lehrbuch der Palao ·Depository: Geological Institute of Kanazawa botanik p. 369. University. Reg. No. GKZ10018a (Type· 5) ENDO. S, (1933-34) Op. cit. p. 256. specimen, under surface) and No. GKZ 6) MATSUO, H. & KIDA. S. (1953), On the 10018b (upper surface). Occurrence of the Asuwa late Cretaceous Flora in the Upper Asuwa River in Fukui Prefecture and a Note on the Angiosperm Acknowledgments Series. ]our. Geol. Soc. ]apm1. Vol. LIX. 110. 694, p. 324. The writer wishes to express his 7) MATSUO, H. (1953), The Bearing of the ·sincere thanks to Prof. K. OzAKI of the so-called Tetori Series. ] our. Geol. Soc. Gt ological Institute, and Prof. G. Japan, Vol. LIX, no. 694. p. 357. MASAMU!':E of the Biological Institute, Kanazawa University, for their valuable Plate 20 Jl.'e/umbo orienta/is, nov. sp. MATsuo; N elumbo from the Asuwa flowa PLATE 20 ~59 (ill ~J ~ ~ iR 10 ij 9 a *9ij25a ~ ~ * * 12 ij "F to *11 ij 30 r; f,\J~Sl< c7Jl§l!r.: r E ;;!i:~3~WiftT1Mflt~..t c7) ;.-:; 11! ':l •7 .1. ~ fi' ~,'f~ (i!!:~1iA tl!l!f l'i1J) ~WJ~JI! 1954 ~ 4 ~· 3o a~xlrJ:k~ -c:oo:~P.tt. tc B*ti.!E.~W~~~~teiJ:~V.)!!u <~au J.itt3 ~~' ilX j£ ~ tl-1c 0 Oi5~lpl;tfJE*c7) t IF.)) ~ 13~ ...... Sl!Rf1ri!!lf';Jlf.~t\ 600 III (400 Ill), ?'H!ilSl!lt 3$ (2$) l: i"oo f..t){lj CD .lJ!21ill~c7)3NrH:imN><>o ® 1954 &f. .I!£ (1 ij -12 n) :/)> b*Sl 19 5 4 ~~=- 8 F.J 10 o r:n mu 1 9 5 4 ~ 8 JJ 15 E lit {-] /Eft{ (1ftH~I-OY1i*~lt\::J.tH) 1 tfl) 200 [\1 ~~~~ft~ *~*~~~$~~~~~N a -*l!i~~Wa~~ ,1, # J{ - (f.li ~ l=l l.lln-'UR 8 4 7 8 o i!t> r:D !IJIJ ;K Jti"M :1$ ~ lo!I z itO 1 T ll 1 ~~ -... 7 ,v Fm: & m :JG ~r~mr.tl~l.trlffiO)JliZumA,.Ift~-f ~ ~ ... Jt!*:ff~"TftllllHJ$ffl~n~f¥1llJ 1 T ~ 7 *-!Af*~m ~ lffi ~ rn (25) 3403 ~ ~~ J:l dJ.tt 109140 1& ------~ Announcement The Pliocene and Later Faunas from the Kwanto Region in Japan (49 Plates and 68 Pages) issued March 1, 1954 as Number 2 of Special Papers of the Society. This includes the illustrations of the following papers by the late Prof. M. YoKOYAMA in addition to emendation of identification checked by Dr. I. TAKI and Mr. K. OYAMA. Climatic Change in Japan since the Pliocene Epoch (1911). Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its Immediate North (1920). Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa (1922). Mollusca from the Coral-bed of Awa (1924). Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Tokyo and its Suburbs ( 1927 ). Mollusca from the Upper Musashino of Western Shimosa and Southern Musashi (1927). Foreign subscribers (1951-'52) free; foreign non-subscribers US $ 3.00 Domestic subscribers Y 900.00; domestic non-subscribers Y 1,000.00 (Mailing charges inclusive in all cases) Orders to be addressed to the Palaeontological Society of Japan Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. Change in By-laws On the occasion of the Annual Meeting of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, held on April 30, 1954, it was decided upon to revise Article 13 as Indicated (in italic) below. Article 13. Rates for annual dues shall be 600 Yen (Domestic) for regular members and 3 dollars for foreign members, Addendum According to the By-laws of the Society, for the fiscal year of 1954 (January to December), foreign members shall receive, besides the Journal, special papers as Issued (postage included).