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The Situation Analysis of Migrant Population Residing in the Flood Prone Areas in Chennai

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The Situation Analysis of Migrant Population Residing in the Flood Prone Areas in Chennai Anthropologist, 34(1-3): 39-47 (2018) © Kamla-Raj 2018 DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/34.1-3.2024 The Situation Analysis of Migrant Population Residing in the Flood Prone Areas in Chennai S. Keerthy1 and D. Praveen Sam2 Department of English, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: 1<[email protected]>, 2<[email protected]> KEYWORDS Annual Floods. Anti-migrant Sentiment. Disaster Management. Discrimination. Migrants. ABSTRACT Many people from other states in India come to Tamil Nadu to make a living. This contributes to the escalation in floating population in the city each year as it is the State capital and hub of all paramount economical activities. As the city-proper has dense constructed buildings with its local population residing, this migrant population is bound to reside mostly in the flood prone areas in the city and its suburbs. Through unplanned settlements of migrants in these areas, they face the menace of annual inundation during the monsoon considerably more comparing the natives because of various reasons. This study focuses on the life situation analysis of the migrant population who are residing in the flood prone areas in Chennai. It also aims at collecting various socio- economic, socio-political and socio-ecological facets of these migrants to study their living conditions and welfare facilities available to them, as against various legislative provisions. INTRODUCTION the urban agglomeration of Chennai, which typ- ically includes Chennai’s population in addition Since the beginning of the 20th century, so- to adjacent suburban area. Within a century and cial scientists had analyzed one of the major a half, Chennai has grown 26 fold times in popu- determinants of migration is urbanization, while lation. Most residents of Chennai are Tamils. other determinants include social, cultural, edu- Sixty-two percent of migrants to the city were cational and economic reasons. Until recently, from other parts of the state, thirty-four percent distance and duration were considered impor- were from other parts of India and four percent tant, but tertiary determinants of migration, such were from outside of India (World Population as modern transport and communication advanc- Review 2017). es have made this insignificant (Sujatha et al. Owing to the budding of industrialization and 2014). A huge number of workers from other modernization in Chennai during the British re- states come to Tamil Nadu to make a living, es- gime and its expansion since first Premiership of pecially in Chennai – the State capital. They come Jawaharlal Nehru, people started to migrate to in search of employment, education, medical fa- Chennai to earn better. The transportation and cilities and so on. Some migrate to Chennai after communication system also supported them. As their marriage to settle here, especially women the city’s establishment has already started dur- because of their family situation. ing the British period, the city-proper has dense Chennai is the fourth largest metropolis in constructed buildings with its local population India. Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, and residing. Thus, the migrant population is bound Kancheepuram, the nearby district to Chennai to reside mostly in the suburbs and outskirts of with the major suburbs of the metropolitan, at- the city which are particularly flood prone areas. tract millions of migrant population from other Also, the establishment of special economic states of India. The first census of India which zones, housing projects, international schools was taken in 1871 affirmed a population of and multi-speciality hospitals in the suburbs 397,552 persons living in Chennai (Muthiah drive the migrant population to settle in the un- 2008). According to the 2011 demographic of planned settlements in the city’s suburbs and Chennai, the city has a density of 26,553 people outskirts, especially in the flood prone zones. In per square kilometer marking it the most densely what is now increasingly being seen as the norm populated city in Tamil Nadu. According to the rather than the exception, extreme weather events UN World Urbanization Prospects’ latest revi- like cyclones, droughts and tropical storms are sion, Chennai’s 2018 population is now estimat- wreaking unimaginable havoc in disaster-prone ed at 10,705,000, and this estimate represents regions and a large section of the population, 40 S. KEERTHY AND D. PRAVEEN SAM especially the migrants, find their lives uproot- paramount economic activities - special econom- ed and livelihoods destroyed (Sharalaya 2018). ic zones, industrial promotion corporations, and As a result, during the monsoons, this migrant information technology parks proliferate in and population faces the menace of annual inunda- around the city. Because of the augmentation of tion considerably more comparing with the na- job opportunities here, people from other states tives because of various reasons. According to of India migrated to Chennai in hope of aggran- the Centre for Migration, the worst-hit people in dizement in their lives. Later, to succor this pop- the floods are the migrant footloose workers (Sudhi ulation, many housing projects, educational in- 2018). stitutions and multi-speciality hospitals were This exploratory study focuses on the life established here. The present study area in- situation analysis of the migrant population who cludes the residing area of migrant population are residing in the flood prone zone in Chennai. living in the flood prone zone in Chennai espe- It also aims at collecting various socio-econom- cially in Mudichur, Tambaram, Guindy, Arum- bakkam, Koyambedu and Pallikaranai forming ic, socio-political and socio-ecological facets of the extensive suburban area of the city. these migrant people to study their living condi- tions and welfare facilities available to them, as METHODOLOGY against various legislative provisions. This study is an investigation into the lives of migrant pop- This exploratory study has been carried out ulation residing in Chennai and its suburbs. among fifty migrant people residing in the flood prone areas in Chennai who are residing in the Objectives of the Study river banks, canal banks, wetlands and marsh- lands of Chennai which form the major subur- Migrants from other states of India form a ban area of the city. The study was carried in the majority of Chennai’s population. Today, the city third quarter of 2018 before the onset of the an- and its suburbs embrace this migrant popula- nual monsoon. A random sampling of 50 migrat- tion without any pre-planned setting and un- ed people was selected who are residing in the controlled development. During the monsoons, flood prone areas to conduct interviews to col- usually the most vulnerable groups during flood lect the information. All respondents were above disaster situations are migrant populations liv- 18 years old. These migrant people were ran- ing in geographically inaccessible areas (Maria- domly selected and interviewed about their life selvam and Gopichandran 2016). The present condition in Chennai during the times of floods. study makes a modest attempt to study the liv- The questions focus on their cultural, economic ing condition of the migrant population in Chen- and social background, their choice of residing nai who are residing in the flood prone zone of in Chennai, their benefits and issues in their mi- the city. It also aims at the following. gration, changes in their geographical features, To study the socio-economic status of the atmosphere in and around their flood prone ar- migrant population residing in the flood eas, overall quality of life during the inundation, prone zone in Chennai and its suburbs. natives succour during the floods, environmen- To study the cause and reason of their so- tal conditions in the flood affected areas, and availability of flood warnings and relief pro- cio-political status to reside in these areas. grammes. Some respondents frankly revealed To identify the problems (physical, psy- their extremely mediocre living conditions, lack chological, social and ecological) faced by of intact help and support from the government, them in their flood-prone residing places. health problems, lack of safety measures and To suggest how to reduce their issues and social problems which they face during the problems they face in Chennai during the floods. Some secondary data are collected from monsoon floods. the articles in various newspapers and websites. Study Area RESULTS Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu, and it is Preamble of Chennai City the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. During the British rule and after the indepen- Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu State in dence, the city became the important hub of all India. It lies in the Eastern Coramandel Coast of MIGRANTS RESIDING IN CHENNAI’S FLOOD PRONE AREAS 41 the country where three water bodies – Adyar rooned in the flood water. This cyclone took River, Buckingham Canal and Cooum River – over 20 lives, uprooted about one lakh trees and pass through the city. The geographical feature caused immeasurable damage to the city’s infra- of the city comprises of plain terrain with Bay of structure (Chennaivision 2016). In 2017, the city Bengal in the East. Adyar and Cooum are natu- again received a huge monsoon rainfall in early ral rivers while Buckingham Canal is a man-made November and hundreds were marooned in the fresh water navigation canal, and the river flood water (The Hindu Net Desk 2017). All these Cooum connects the canal to the Bay of Bengal. recent floods caused damages more than hun- The region is elevated 6.7 meters in average from dred billions to the city. the mean sea level. The city gets the major rain- fall from the north-east monsoon winds between Migrant Population in Chennai October and December, and this period is ac- complished with intermittent depressions and Tamil Nadu has a fairly large interstate mi- recurrent cyclones.
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