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Giovanni Battista Antonelli Exposição itinerante Coletânea de obras arquitetônicas da Família Antonelli Asociación Amigos del Castillo de Montjuïc, Barcelona, España Museu Histórico Fortaleza de Santo Amaro da Barra Grande, Guarujá, Brasil CASTILLO DE MONTJUÏC – BARCELONA - ESPANHA Acesso à exposição virtual completa: https://www.castillomontjuic.com/exposicionFotos do Castillo Montjuïc -virtual/ Museu Histórico da Fortaleza de Santo Amaro da Barra Grande, Guarujá, SP A Asociación Amigos del Castillo de Montjuïc, Barcelona, Espanha, apesenta uma coletânea de obras arquitetônicas da Família Antonelli A exposição completa -“LAS FORTIFICACIONES DE LOS ANTONELLI. SIGLOS XVI-XVII” - percorreu diversas cidades da Espanha (Barcelona, ​​Cáceres, Valladolid, Peñíscola, Cartagena, Figueres, Ciudad Rodrigo); do Caribe (Cartagena de Indias, Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Cidade do México, Veracruz, Campeche); de Portugal (Almeida) e da Itália (Siena). Chega ao Brasil por meio de uma coletânea de obras arquitetônicas, com destaque para a primeira fortificação de Battista Antonelli nas Américas A exposição completa na versão digital https://www.castillomontjuic.com/exposicion-virtual/ inclui imagens atuais e desenhos planimétricos das fortificações coloniais mais representativas da saga de engenheiros militares italianos, com ênfase para as de Havana e de Santiago de Cuba, pela centralidade e importância das obras arquitetônicas da Família Antonelli Carmen Fusté Bigorra Presidenta | Asoc. Amigos del Castillo de Montjuïc - Utilidad Pública Castillo de Montjuïc - Carretera de Montjuïc, 66 – 08038, Barcelona, España Tel. (+34) 93 329 86 53 [email protected] www.castillomontjuic.com EXPOSIÇÃO ITINERANTE NO BRASIL Coletânea de Fortificações da Família Antonelli Objetivos Divulgar os projetos arquitetônicos militares da Família Antonelli Destacar a participação de Battista Antonelli na construção da Fortaleza de Santo Amaro (1583/84), hoje Museu Histórico de Guarujá, SP Apoiar a indicação da Fortaleza de Santo Amaro para a obtenção do título de Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO – Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura Promover a criação da Associação Amigos do Museu Histórico Fortaleza de Santo Amaro, Guarujá, SP Museu Histórico Fortaleza de Santo Amaro Mais expressivo conjunto arquitetônico-militar do Estado de São Paulo Foto: A C Freddo (AAFSA) Acesso à História da Fortaleza de Santo Amaro da Barra Grande: www.secomandi.com.br/fortalezadabarra FORTALEZA DE SANTO AMARO DA BARRA GRANDE Sua “certificação de nascimento”, com data de 5/8/1583 (charcas 41, Doc 27/Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, España), está registrada na página 6 de um relatório com 12 páginas manuscritas enviado pelo almirante Don Diego Flores Valdés ao rei Felipe II de Espanha (Felipe I de Portugal) “... a fabricar conforme la trata (traçado / desenho) que para ello dio Bautista Antonelli El ynginiero q Vm. ymbio para los fuertes de estrecho”. Foto: Eraldo Silva INTRODUÇÃO No final do século XV, as naus espanholas singraram o Atlântico em busca de um “Novo Mundo” Um imenso território ultramarino se converteu na joia mais importante da Coroa de Espanha. Mas, este gigantesco império, preservado durante séculos, exigiu cuidados especiais para a sua proteção A monarquia espanhola articulou um fantástico sistema defensivo para evitar a intrusão de outras potências europeias, interessadas também nas riquezas do Novo Mundo. Este sistema foi Organização encomendado aos engenheiros forjados nas Asociación Amigos del Castillo de Montjuïc, guerras do Velho continente e experientes na Barcelona, España construção de fortificações. Dentre eles, os Comissária: Carmen Fusté Bigorra “Antonelli”, família autora de uma arquitetura Desenhos e montagem: Garman Segura Garcia, militar que ainda pode ser contemplada nas terras Oscar Mansergas Sellens, Menchu Manuelian Fusté da Europa, África e América Curador no Brasil: Elcio Rogerio Secomandi A FAMÍLIA ANTONELLI A Família Antonelli, oriunda de Gatteo, Itália, serviu à monarquia espanhola a partir da segunda metade do século XVI • Giovanni Battista Antonelli (1527-1588) • Battista Antonelli (1545-1616) • Cristófaro Garavelli Antonelli (1550-1608) • Francisco Garavelli Antonelli (1557- ?) • Cristófaro Roda Antonelli (1560-1631) • Juan Bautista Antonelli (1585-1649) Battista Antonelli, três sobrinhos – Cristófaro Roda, Cristófaro Garavelli e Francisco Gavarelli – e seu filho Juan Bautista, “o moço”, produziram diversos projetos de engenharia militar, principalmente na América (...) O legado arquitetônico da Família Antonelli nas Índias Ocidentais materializa uma das heranças culturais mais importantes que perdura ao longo dos tempos:_ um imperecível legado hispânico nas atuais repúblicas americanas CRONOLOGIA As fortificações da Família Antonelli - entre 1529 e 1650: Itália (verde), Espanha (vermelho), América (amarelo) e Europa (azul) OS ANTONELLI NO MEDITERRÂNEO No início do século XVI, a monarquia espanhola pôs em marcha uma estratégia voltada ao domínio do mar mediante fortificações capazes de controlar os portos e as baías do Mediterrâneo, visando proteger as frotas espanholas e impedir o desembarque de tropas inimigas As fronteiras marítimas do Mediterrâneo foram assim estendidas até a Itália e protegidas por obras arquitetônicas de Giovanni Battista Antonelli e outros poucos engenheiros militares. Giovanni e seu irmão Battista Antonelli, participaram dos projetos de fortificações da bacia mediterrânica na península ibérica (“Levante” espanhol) e norte da África: Mazalquivir, na baía de Orán, dentre outros (...) GIOVANNI BATTISTA ANTONELLI Em 1569 Giovanni alerta a Coroa espanhola sobre a necessidade de um sistema defensivo para a costa do Reino de Valencia e Murcia: Peñíscola, Alicante, Benidorm, Alfaques e Cartagena (...) CARTAGENA 1570: Giovanni e Vespasiano Gonzaga desenham as muralhas da cidade Em 1573: seu irmão, Battista Antonelli, colabora nas obras fortificadas de Bernia, Alicante, Peñíscola e Cartagena, prosseguindo para Orán (Argélia) ALFAQUES TORTOSA 1579: Projeto de defesa da Baía de Alfaques GIOVANNI BATTISTA ANTONELLI Engenho e arte na fortificação de PEÑÍSCOLA Peñíscola, - Valencia, España - tornou-se um enclave estratégico importante na costa mediterrânea. Entre 1576/79, Vespasiano Gonzaga e Giovanni Antonelli reformaram e ampliaram as fortificações de Peñíscola (...) O traçado da nova fortificação se adaptou perfeitamente a uma pequena península rodeada de mar e unida à terra por uma fina restinga arenosa MAZALQUIVIR: A “MARCA” DE CASTILLA NO NORTE DA ÁFRICA No início do século XVI, “Castilla” continuou a reconquista frente ao Islã, do outro lado do Estreito de Gibraltar, fortificando baías e portos no Norte da África (...) Em 1574 , na baía argelina de Orán, cerca de 40 léguas de Cartagena, Felipe II mandou Giovanni Battista Antonelli e seu irmão Battista Antonelli construírem o “Castillo San Andrés”, em Mazalquivir (Mers el Kab), esculpido numa rocha em frente ao mar (...) BATTISTA ANTONELLI E SUA PRESENÇA NA COSTA ATLÂNTICA Com a incorporação de Portugal pela monarquia hispânica em 1580, nasce uma estratégia de defesa do Atlântico, equivalente à executada no Mediterrâneo. De forma simultânea, foram fortificados os portos da Costa Atlântica europeia e africana As obras arquitetônicas da Família Antonelli foram exportadas para o Atlântico e para a América, como se pode observar na seleção de imagens para esta exposição iconográfica itinerante O objetivo deste sistema de defesa era controlar todo porto utilizável pelo inimigo para se estabelecer na América, já que, sem ocupar áreas costeiras protegidas, era impossível a sobrevivência de uma frota inimiga no Atlântico SANTO AMARO: PRIMEIRA OBRA DE ANTONELLI NA AMÉRICA (1583/1584) Entre (1580-1640) o Brasil de hoje fazia parte do vasto império hispânico-português (...). No início de um longo período de união das coroas ibéricas, Giovanni Battista Antonelli e Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, participaram da organização de uma expedição da Invencível Armada espanhola (16 naus) ao Estreito de Magalhães, com a finalidade de fortifica-lo. Giovanni Indicou seu irmão, Battista Antonelli, para acompanhar a esquadra espanhola do almirante Don Diego Flórez de Valdés Valdés aportou nas principais baías do Brasil. Na baía de Santos (24/01/1583), três naus espanholas combateram duas naus inglesas diante do incipiente Porto da Capitania de São Vicente. Com a tripulação do navio Santa Maria de Begônia, avariado em combate, iniciou-se a construção da fortificação, com projeto de Battista Antonelli OS ANTONELLI NO CARIBE Battista Antonelli, Cristófaro Roda Antonelli, Cristófaro Garavelli Antonelli, Francisco Garavelli Antonelli e Juan Bautista Antonelli, “el mozo”, deixaram marca indelével no Caribe:_ “relevante na história do patrimônio mundial pela homogeneidade, expressividade e monumentalidade” Battista Antonelli, após acompanhar a esquadra do almirante Valdés na América do Sul (1582-1584), tornou-se arquiteto-militar das Antilhas, entre 1586 e 1608 Nesta exposição iconográfica destacamos as seguintes fortificações caribenhas: no Século XVI, Cuba_Três Reys e San Salvador de Punta (1589); Porto Rico_ San Felipe del Morro (1589); México_ San Juan de Ulúa (1590); Panamá_ San Lorenzo de Chagres (1597); e, no Século XVII, Colômbia_ Cartagena de Indias (1604) e Cuba_ San Pedro de la Roca (1639), em Santiago de Cuba, esta última, projetada por Juan Bautista Antonelli, “el mozo” e Pedro Roca de Borba, assessorados por Cristófaro Roda Antonelli SISTEMA DEFENSIVO DO PORTO DE HAVANA, NOS SÉCULOS XVI-XVII San Cristóbal
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