2018 C O RE A Publication of iPhone 360 Feature the Computer Reimagining Live Programming History Museum Creating a Culture of Learning Cover: Detail of Steve Jobs, initial iPhone re- lease, January 9, 2007. This page: Detail of IBM Simon, 1994. The world’s fi rst smart- phone had only screen- based keys, like the later iPhone. Discover more technologies and products that led to the iPhone on page 26. B CORE 2018 MUSEUM UPDATES iPHONE 360 FEATURES 2 7 12 56 24 38 Contributors Behind the Graphic Art Documenting the Recent Artifact How the iPhone From California to 3 of CHM Live Stories of Our Fellows Donations Took Off China and Beyond: iPhone in the Global Chairman’s Letter 8 19 58 32 Economy 4 CHM Collections Creating a Culture of Franklin “Pitch” & Stacking the Deck: Exhibit Culture, Art Learning at CHM Catherine H. Johnson Choices the Enabled 46 Reimagining Live & Design the iPhone App Store A Downward Gaze Programming 59 Lifetime Giving Society, Donors & Partners C O RE 2018 26 4 15 22 52 From Big Names to Big Ideas: Beyond Inclusion: iPhone 360 Feature Somersaults and Moon Reimaging Live Programming Gaps, Glitches & Imaginative On January 9, 2007, Steve Landings: A Conversation with Learn how CHM Live is expand- Failure in Computing Jobs announced three new Margaret Hamilton ing its live programming and Computing is the result of choic- products—a widescreen iPod, Excerpted from her oral history, offering audiences new ways es made by people, whose own a revolutionary phone, and a Margaret Hamilton refl ects on to connect computer history to time, experiences, and biases “breakthrough internet commu- the Apollo 11 mission and the today’s technology-driven world. are embedded into the technol- nications device.” Of course, the moment her persistence and Speakers, like Square’s Jack ogy they create. Discover how the iPhone was all three. As part technical creativity took center Dorsey and Google Cloud’s Diane Center for Software History is of the Museum’s iPhone 360 stage. A second selection from Greene, discuss their latest ven- studying the cultural and techni- Project, this suite of articles the interview illustrates Hamil- tures and share personal stories cal factors that condition our reveals insights and an array of ton’s approach to problem-solv- to inspire audiences to see the choices to imagine computing perspectives on the device. ing that she found so important COVER: COURTESY OF PHOTOGRAPHER PETER BELANGER OF PHOTOGRAPHER COURTESY COVER: creative power of technology. not as it is, but how it could be. in software-making—and life. COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM 1 CONTRIBUTORS Managing Editor Jennifer De La Cruz Executive Editors Carina Sweet Kirsten Tashev Contributors David C. Brock Stephanie Corrigan Marguerite Gong MARGUERITE Marguerite Gong Hancock is the founding executive Hancock director of the Exponential Center at the Computer Hansen Hsu GONG History Museum. She is an expert on innovation and Karen Kroslowitz entrepreneurship in high-tech regions around the Chanel Lloren HANCOCK world, with two decades of experience at Stanford Sara Lott EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, University leading international and interdisciplinary John Markoff Lauren Miyamoto EXPONENTIAL CENTER research and education programs on entrepreneur- Pamela Gesme Miller ship and innovation. Emily Routman Len Shustek Lauren Silver Dag Spicer Hansen Hsu is curator of the Center for Software HANSEN Marc Weber History at the Computer History Museum. Hsu 1999–2005 os x HSU worked at Apple from on Mac as Design qa p d CURATOR, CENTER FOR a engineer. He received a h in science and Studio1500 SOFTWARE HISTORY technology studies from Cornell in 2015, studying the culture and values of the Mac and iPhone Photography developer community. Douglas Fairbairn Photography Studio Dizon JOHN Pulitzer Prize−winning journalist John Markoff joined the Computer History Museum as a MARKOFF historian in 2017, after nearly three decades as a technology writer for the New York Times. His AUTHOR & HISTORIAN books include What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (2005) and Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground between Humans and Robots (2015). © 2018 Computer History Museum. The Museum Marc Weber is founder and curatorial director of is a nonprofi t 501(c)(3) MARC organization. All artwork is the Computer History Museum’s Internet History copyright of the Computer WEBER Program. He launched web history as a topic starting History Museum unless in 1995 with crucial help from Tim Berners-Lee and otherwise credited. For CURATORIAL DIRECTOR, reprints and permissions, INTERNET HISTORY PROGRAM other pioneers and cofounded two of the fi rst organi- contact core@computer zations in the fi eld. Weber writes, speaks, and consults history.org. Subscriptions widely on the history of the online world. are a member benefi t. This issue of Core is available at computerhistory.org/core. Address changes and other written correspondence may be sent to: Computer History Museum, Public Relations, or emailed to [email protected]. 2 CORE 2018 CHAIRMAN’S LETTER THE 360° VIEW In an early promotional video for the Computer A museum is the perfect institution for this History Museum (chm), our founding father broad array of activities. Most progressive Gordon Bell—never one to avoid a provocative museums have moved, as we have, far beyond superlative—looks directly at the camera and the traditional defi nition as “a place where says, “I happen to believe that the computer is objects of historical, artistic, or scientifi c interest the greatest invention ...” He pauses, looking for are exhibited, preserved, or studied.” As Kirsten an inspired way to the end the sentence. “Ever.” Tashev, our amazing vice president of Collec- It’s hard to disagree. The computer is changing tions and Exhibitions says, “Museums have so everything about our world in a way no other in- many awesome tools to reach their audience and vention ever has. That has propelled us to change achieve their mission: events, exhibits, programs, too—to “reimagine” the Museum, to address collections, media, fi lms, blogs, websites, etc. So- new topics and reach new audiences—so that we ciety needs museums, which are simultaneously a understand and celebrate the full impact of com- constant in a changing world and a mirror of our puting in addition to its remarkable history. We ever-changing interests.” take in a 360-degree view that includes makers, The Museum is undergoing exciting growth, users, consequences, opportunities, and risks. and we are delighted to have Dan’l Lewin as This issue of Core refl ects how we are increasing our new president and chief executive offi cer to diversity of our activities in the following ways: lead the expansion. Dan’l is a well-connected industry veteran who understands how comput- • Expanding our live public programs to include timely stories of people and computing today ing is changing and impacting our world. The change to come will dwarf the change • Increasing the use of our collection and interpre- that has been, both for computing and for the tation at institutions around the world Museum. Stay with us as we ride the wave! • Integrating education more fully into all our ac- tivities and exploring innovative uses of our new dedicated education space • Using the iPhone as the subject of a prototype 360 project that takes a -degree view of compa- LEN SHUSTEK nies and products, covering their many aspects: CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES engineering, social, business, political, manufac- turing, environmental, and government policy • Studying hidden design assumptions that might unintentionally introduce prejudice • Continuing our aggressive acquisition of oral his- tories and materials from our chm Fellows and others so that we can paint a complete picture of these technological heroes COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM 3 PROGRAMS FROM BIG NAMES TO BIG IDEAS: REIMAGINING LIVE PROGRAMMING BY LAUREN MIYAMOTO MANAGING PRODUCER, CHM LIVE Technological change is born hand, you can visit places ing interest in medical imaging. through extraordinary ideas, you’ve never been before, share She is now working on a wear- fl ashes of creativity, and think- your thoughts with millions, able, affordable system called ing differently. What is it that send money to another conti- Openwater that could replace inspires computing’s greatest nent, and create music, poetry, the expensive mri machines entrepreneurs, engineers, and and more. You can change the common in today’s hospi- leaders? Often, it is as simple world, whether you’re a techni- tals. By presenting the stories as a quote, a question, an cal genius or not. By using behind these big ideas, we hope anecdote, a statistic—a singular computing, anyone is capable to inspire audiences around the instance in time. of bringing to life incredible world to see the creative power For Bob Noyce, an introduc- ideas that can benefi t all of us. of technology as part of their tion to the fi rst transistor in a With this in mind, we are own journey. MUSEUM chm Grinnell College physics class shifting the focus of our live is uniquely positioned launched a lifelong obsession programs from big names to to tell stories. With a large and UPDATES with the device’s capabilities. big ideas. These ideas could rich collection and an outstand- For Steve Jobs, a visit to an be about anything—art, space ing curatorial team, we are Oregon Apple farm inspired exploration, genomics, the experts on preserving and ana- him to name one of the environment. The common lyzing the history of technolo- world’s most iconic technology thread is that computing plays gy’s transformative impact. We companies. For Jack Dorsey, a a role in the imagination and hope to share this knowledge childhood interest in emergency execution of these ideas.