MAKIBEFO a Film by Alexander Abela Based on William Shakespeare’S Macbeth

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MAKIBEFO a Film by Alexander Abela Based on William Shakespeare’S Macbeth MAKIBEFO A film by ALEXANDER ABELA based on William Shakespeare’s Macbeth MAKIBEFO A film by Alexander Abela based on William Shakespeare’s Macbeth Malagasy and English | 73 minutes | black & white | PAL 4:3 (1:1,66) Director, producer, script and cinematography: Alexander Abela Production: Blue Eye Films Sound: Jeppe Jungersen Editor: Douglas Bryson Original music: Bien Rasoanan Tenaina & Donald Cast: Martin (Makibefo) Noeliny (Valy Makibefo) Gilbert Laumord (The narrator) Randina Arthur (Bakoua) Jean-Félix (Danikany) Boniface (Kidoure) Jean-Noël (Makidofy) Bien Rasoanan Tenaina (Malikomy) Victor (The witch doctor) and the people of Faux-Cap, Madagascar Subtitles: Swantje Hartmann (Español) Philipp Hinz (Deutsch) Miguel Ramalhete Gomes (Português) “In a land washed by the ocean, a tribe of people lived in sight of sands and crashing waves. Their king was a noble king, who gave his people peace and harmony. And amongst his subjects many were good and true. But none more so than Makibefo. Indeed, it was the king who entrusted Makibefo to capture a fugitive and bring him back to the village. On the way, Makibefo, in the company of a trusted friend, met a witch doctor, who told him that though the king was merciful he was also weak. He prophesied that a time would come, as surely as the tides, when peace and harmony would no longer sweeten the lives of the peo- ple. The witch doctor looked deep into the eyes of Makibefo and saw that the gods had singled him out as a future leader. Makibefo’s wife, too, had understood the ancient symbol: Her husband had been blessed by the gods. She exhorts him to overthrow the king. Makibefo recognised the truth in his wife’s words. But he knew too that once he had committed the ultimate treachery, there would be no turning back. The blood that they would wash from their hands would not so easily be washed from their souls.” THE HISTORY OF MAKIBEFO After months of trying in vain to con- people – most of whom had never seen vince television editors to commission a film before, let alone a television – one of his projects, Alexander Abela that Alexander suggested devising together with sound designer Jeppe Makibefo: The tale of a man’s quest Jungersen finally arrived in Madagas- for power through bloody ambition. car in October 1998 to shoot Abela’s With limited technical resources the first feature film, Makibefo. team would embrace William Shake- For his début Alexander Abela decided speare’s famous ‘Scottish play’ and to break away from the conventions incorporate it into the Antandroy’s very contemporary filmmakers take for own cultural history. granted. Instead, he chose to work un- Abela’s film displays an acute aware- der similar conditions as those of the ness for the actor’s aural culture and early silent film period and concen- the rituals which structure and moti- trate entirely on the language of pic- vate this unique adaptation of Shake- tures. The challenge ahead therefore speare’s Macbeth. For instance, when was to capture the essence of a play Makibefo returns to his wife after Ki- such as Macbeth not through Shake- doure has been murdered Valy Mak- speare’s dialogues but through the ibefo is shown helping him to wash film’s imagery. the sand off his body with water from As location for this project Abela chose a calabash. Cautious not to waste Faux-Cap, an isolated community of any liquid, the silence of the scene Antandroy fishermen at the southern- gives the impressions of a carefully most tip of the island. It was to these choreographed ritual. The ritualised obsequies following the to oral traditions. As a death of Danikany on consequence, Makibefo the other hand are is transformed into a above all scenes involv- mythical figure in his ing aural performances, of own right. With his film songs and dances. Nota- Abela therefore has re- bly, Makibefo sets most turned not only to the of its key scenes pre- origins of cinema, but cisely against such cer- also to the origins of emonies, like the sacrifice storytelling in general. of a zebu ox, as well as sym- As Daniel Rosenthal has bolically charged artefacts. highlighted, Makibefo is Above all, the familiar story of “a film of intense visual Macbeth is not merely retold and aural contrasts: black through the film’s images: it skin against clear skies, is even incorporated in the pristine white sand and soundtrack. Unbeknownst robes; the soothing back- to an audience unfamiliar ground of waves lapping the with the actors’ language, shore juxtaposed against the Macbeth is thus appro- awful sound of metal tearing priated into the Antan- flesh.” droy’s aural history in the form of song akin DIE GESCHICHTE VON MAKIBEFO Die Geschichte von Makibefo begann bestand deshalb darin, sich bei ihrer im Oktober 1998. Nachdem er über Macbeth-Verfilmung nicht auf Shake- mehrere Monate hinweg vergeblich ver- speares Sprache sondern vor allem sucht hatte, Fernsehredakteure dazu auf die Sprache der Bilder selbst zu zu bewegen sein Filmdebüt zu unter- konzentrieren. Als Location für dieses stützen, beschloss der Autodidakt Projekt hatte Abela das Dorf Faux-Cap Alexander Abela schließlich seinen ausgewählt, eine abgeschiedene Sied- ersten Langspielfilm unabhängig und lung der Volksgruppe der Antandroy. ohne die finanzielle Rückendeckung Diesen Fischern und Bauern, von de- durch einen Fernsehsender zu produ- nen die meisten noch nie einen Fern- zieren. So brachen Abela und sein dä- seher oder Kinofilm gesehen hatten, nischer Toningenieur Jeppe Jungersen schlug Abela vor, an seinem Projekt mit lediglich 350 Kilogramm Filmma- mitzuwirken: Makibefo, die tragische terial von Madagaskars Hauptstadt An- Geschichte vom Aufstieg und Fall ei- tananarivo zur Südküste der Insel auf. nes Mannes auf seinem blutigen Weg Für dieses Filmprojekt hatte sich Abela zur Macht. Mit ihren eingeschränkten gegen all jene Konventionen entschie- technischen Mitteln adaptierten das den, die zeitgenössische Filmemacher Team aus Laienschauspielern und als gegeben hinnehmen. Stattdessen Filmemachern gemeinsam William plante er mit diesem Film zu den Ur- Shakespeares berühmte schottische sprüngen des Kinos zurückzukehren Tragödie und machte sie so schließ- und unter möglichst ähnlichen Bedin- lich zu einem Teil der Geschichte der gungen zu arbeiten wie die Filmpio- Antandroy. niere der Stummfilmzeit. Die Aufgabe Abelas Film präsentiert ein starkes Bewusstsein für die mündliche Kultur und die Rituale seiner madagassischen Schauspieler. Wenn zum Beispiel Ma- kibefo nach dem Mord an Kidoure zu seiner Frau zurückkehrt, zeigt der Film in einer Sequenz von beeindruckender Intimität, wie Valy Makibefo schwei- gend den allgegenwärtigen feinen Dünensand vom Körper ihres Mannes abwäscht. Der Versuch keinen Tropfen Wasser zu verschwenden, erinnert an ein vorsichtig choreografiertes Ritual. Die Totenfeier für den verstorbenen König Danikany hingegen ist von Ge- sang, Tänzen und ritualisierten Kämp- fen geprägt. So wird Shakespeares Geschichte nicht nur in den Bildern selbst erzählt. Vielmehr begegnen wir ihr auch in den verschiedenen Liedern dieses Films. Womit Macbeth zu einem Teil der mündlich tradierten Geschich- te der Antandroy selbst geworden ist. ENTRETIEN AVEC LE RÉALISATEUR Quel a été ton parcours avant ce film? un film d’une façon conventionnelle et Auparavant j’avais débuté une carrière il fallait que je trouve une autre appro- d’océanographe après de longues an- che. Alors pour profiter au maximum nées d’études universitaires. Bien que de l’opportunité d’être totalement in- ma fascination pour l’océan reste tou- dépendant, j’avais choisi de me disso- jours la même, j’ai décidé en 1997 cier de tout ce qui pouvait être acquis d’abandonner cette profession pour ac- dans le cinéma d’aujourd’hui. Je vou- complir un vieux rêve d’enfance, réa- lais retourner aux bases des pionniers, liser mes propres films. Plutôt que de ceux du cinéma muet et découvrir le payer une école de cinéma j’ai préféré langage des images à son état pur. apprendre ce nouveau métier en pro- Capturer l’essence même de Macbeth duisant moi-même mon premier court et la rendre universelle par l’image métrage, The Gift. L’année d’après je plutôt que par le dialogue représentait produisais I’d Rather Be Flying, un do- pour moi un défi unique. cumentaire sur la voltige aérienne en hommage à un ami pilote qui s’était Comment as-tu choisi ce village? tué durant son entraînement pour les Le village de Faux-Cap rassemblait un championnats du monde de voltige. ensemble des critères que je m’étais Makibefo est mon premier long mé- imposés. Il est vrai que j’aurais tout trage. aussi bien pu tourner dans un pays d’Asie ou d’Amérique du sud. En fait, Dans quel état d’esprit est né au départ, il était question de tourner Makibefo? avec les Touaregs du Sahara, mais leur Juste avant de me lancer dans Maki- rébellion contre les gouvernements du befo j’avais essayé de convaincre une Niger et du Mali ne me l’a pas permis. chaîne de télévision britannique de Le peuple Antandroy du sud de Mada- m’aider à produire un documentaire. gascar possède quelques-unes des ca- Ils aimaient beaucoup le sujet et ont ractéristiques qui m’avaient plu chez longtemps hésité avant de me don- les Touaregs: c’est un peuple guerrier, ner une réponse négative. Mon peu fier et nomade, vivant dans une région d’expérience leur faisait peur. L’atten- désertique, loin de tout – exactement te m’avait énormément frustré et le ce que je cherchais. Il ne me restait besoin de tourner commençait à me plus qu’à trouver un village Antan- démanger. Plutôt que d’attendre en- droy où tourner. Douze ans aupara- core deux ou trois ans pour mettre sur vant j’étais venu à Madagascar mais pied la production de longs métrages, je ne connaissais rien au sud du pays, j’avais décidé de prendre le risque c’était pour Jeppe et moi une nouvelle d’être totalement indépendant et de découverte.
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