Evaluation of Certain Mineral Salts and Microelements Against Mango Powdery Mildew Under Egyptian Conditions
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New Powdery Mildew on Tomatoes
NEW POWDERY MILDEW ON TOMATOES Heather Scheck, Plant Pathologist Ag Commissioner’s Office, Santa Barbara County POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Powdery mildew fungi are obligate, biotrophic parasites of the phylum Ascomycota of the Kingdom Fungi. The diseases they cause are common, widespread, and easily recognizable Individual species of powdery mildew fungi typically have a narrow host range, but the ones that infect Tomato are exceptionally large. Photo from APS Net POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Unlike most fungal pathogens, powdery mildew fungi tend to grow superficially, or epiphytically, on plant surfaces. During the growing season, hyphae and spores are produced in large colonies that can coalesce Infections can also occur on stems, flowers, or fruit (but not tomato fruit) Our climate allows easy overwintering of inoculum and perfect summer temperatures for epidemics POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Specialized absorption cells, termed haustoria, extend into the plant epidermal cells to obtain nutrition. Powdery mildew fungi can completely cover the exterior of the plant surfaces (leaves, stems, fruit) POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Conidia (asexual spores) are also produced on plant surfaces during the growing season. The conidia develop either singly or in chains on specialized hyphae called conidiophores. Conidiophores arise from the epiphytic hyphae. This is the Anamorph. Courtesy J. Schlesselman POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Some powdery mildew fungi produce sexual spores, known as ascospores, in a sac-like ascus, enclosed in a fruiting body called a chasmothecium (old name cleistothecium). This is the Teleomorph Chasmothecia are generally spherical with no natural opening; asci with ascospores are released when a crack develops in the wall of the fruiting body. -
Basal Resistance of Barley to Adapted and Non-Adapted Forms of Blumeria Graminis
Basal resistance of barley to adapted and non-adapted forms of Blumeria graminis Reza Aghnoum Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. Dr. Richard G.F. Visser Professor of Plant Breeding Wageningen University Dr.ir. Rients E. Niks Assistant professor, Laboratory of Plant Breeding Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr. R.F. Hoekstra, Wageningen University Prof. Dr. F. Govers, Wageningen University Prof. Dr. ir. C. Pieterse, Utrecht University Dr.ir. G.H.J. Kema, Plant Research International, Wageningen This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate school of Experimental Plant Sciences. II Basal resistance of barley to adapted and non-adapted forms of Blumeria graminis Reza Aghnoum Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Doctorate Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 16 June 2009 at 4 PM in the Aula. III Reza Aghnoum Basal resistance of barley to adapted and non-adapted forms of Blumeria graminis 132 pages. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2009) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-90-8585-419-7 IV Contents Chapter 1 1 General introduction Chapter 2 15 Which candidate genes are responsible for natural variation in basal resistance of barley to barley powdery mildew? Chapter 3 47 Transgressive segregation for extreme low and high level of basal resistance to powdery mildew in barley -
Studies in <I>Erysiphales</I> Anamorphs (4): Species on <I>Hydrangeaceae</I> and <I>Papaveraceae&L
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON Volume 115, pp. 287–301 January–March 2011 doi: 10.5248/115.287 Studies in Erysiphales anamorphs (4): species on Hydrangeaceae and Papaveraceae Anke Schmidt1 & Markus Scholler2* 1Holunderweg 2 B, D-23568 Lübeck, Germany 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Anamorphic powdery mildews on Hydrangeaceae and Papaveraceae in Germany are revised. Species are documented in detail including line drawings, photomicrographs, and identification keys. On Papaveraceae three species are accepted, specifically Erysiphe macleayae on Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata, E. cruciferarum on Eschscholzia californica, and Oidium sp. (an unknown species previously assigned to E. cruciferarum) on Pseudofumaria lutea. Species on Hydrangeaceae are Oidium hortensiae on Hydrangea macrophylla and E. deutziae on Deutzia cf. scabra and Philadelphus cf. coronarius. The fungus on the latter host plant was previously assigned to O. hortensiae. Erysiphe deutziae, E. macleayae, and Oidium hortensiae are introduced species. Key words — conidial germination, morphology, neomycete Introduction In Germany, there are three species of Erysiphales reported on Papaveraceae (Erysiphe cruciferarum, Erysiphe cf. macleayae, Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) Heluta); and two (Erysiphe deutziae, Oidium hortensiae) on Hydrangeaceae (Braun 1995, Jage et. al. 2010). The following is a revision of anamorphs on certain host plants of Papaveraceae/Hydrangeaceae (Chelidonium, Deutzia, Hydrangea, Macleaya, Meconopsis, Philadelphus and Pseudofumaria) for which the host/pathogen affiliations have been doubtful. Materials & methods Both fresh and dried structures were examined in tap water mounts with light microscopy using Olympus BH 2 and Zeiss Axioskop 2 Plus. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Mangifera Indica L.) DEL BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DEL INIA-CENIAP, MARACAY
Bioagro 28(3): 201-208. 2016 DIVERSIDAD DE HONGOS EN CINCO CULTIVARES DE MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) DEL BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DEL INIA-CENIAP, MARACAY Carlos Pacheco1, María Suleima González2 y Edward Manzanilla2 RESUMEN El Campo Experimental del INIA-CENIAP, en Maracay, Venezuela, dispone de un banco de germoplasma con una elevada diversidad de cultivares de mango, pero en años recientes se ha detectado la muerte de gran cantidad de árboles en diferentes accesiones. Entre los factores asociados se encuentran la ocurrencia de enfermedades, particularmente las inducidas por hongos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la diversidad de hongos en hojas y ramas en los cultivares Criollo, Hadden, Hilacha, Kent y Tommy Atkins. Para cada cultivar se evaluaron cinco plantas y en cada árbol se tomaron al azar muestras de diez hojas provenientes de cinco ramas. Los hongos en sustrato natural fueron identificados por comparación de las estructuras de valor taxonómico, con la literatura especializada. Se registró la riqueza y se calcularon los índices de frecuencia, diversidad de Shannon-Wierner y de Margalef, equitatividad de Pielou y similaridad de Sorensen. La riqueza total resultó en 48 especies. El cultivar Kent presentó la mayor riqueza, y los más altos índices de diversidad y equitatividad. Los cultivares con mayor similaridad fueron Kent y Tommy Atkins. Se registran por primera vez Anopletis venezuelensis y Neofusicoccum mangiferae en hojas y N. parvum en ramas, asociado a muerte de éstas en mango. Palabras clave adicionales: Abundancia, equitatividad, índices de diversidad, Mangifera indica, riqueza, similaridad ABSTRACT Fungi diversity in five mango cultivars from germplasm bank of INIA-CENIAP, Maracay The experimental field of the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CENIAP), INIA, Maracay, Venezuela, poses a germplasm bank, with a very high mango diversity, but lately, the death of several accessions has been detected. -
Symptoms: Pathogen Attacks the Inflorescence, Leaves, Stalk of In
IPM - SCHEDULE ON MANGO 1. Powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae ) Symptoms: Pathogen attacks the inflorescence, leaves, stalk of inflorescence and young fruits with white superficial powdery growth of fungus resulting in its shedding. The sepals are relatively more susceptible than petals. The affected flowers fail to open and may fall prematurely (Fig 1). Dropping of unfertilized infected flowers leads to serious crop loss. Initially young fruits are covered entirely by the mildew. When fruit grows further, epidermis of the infected fruits cracks and corky tissues are formed. Fruits may remain on the tree until they reach up to marble size and then they drop prematurely (Fig 2 & 3.). Fig 1. Mildew on flowers Fig 2. Mildew on fruits / pedicel Fig 3. Necrotic lesions on shoulder Fig 4. Mildew on Lower Surface of and dropping from stalk end Leaf Infection is noticed on young leaves, when their colour changes from brown to light green. Young leaves are attacked on both the sides but it is more conspicuous on the grower surface. Often these patches coalesce and occupy larger areas turning into purplish brown in colour (Fig. 4). The pathogen is restricted to the area of the central and lateral veins of the infected leaf and often twists, curl and get distorted. Management • Prune diseased leaves and malformed panicles harbouring the pathogen to reduce primary inoculum load. • Spray wettable sulphur (0.2%) when panicles are 3-4” in size. • Spray dinocap (0.1%) 15-20 days after first spray. • Spray tridemorph (0.1%) 15-20 days after second spray. • Spraying at full bloom needs to be avoided. -
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal a Close Evolutionary Relationship Between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and Its Rosaceous Hosts
Persoonia 24, 2010: 38–48 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158510X494596 Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and its rosaceous hosts S. Takamatsu1, S. Niinomi1, M. Harada1, M. Havrylenko 2 Key words Abstract Podosphaera is a genus of the powdery mildew fungi belonging to the tribe Cystotheceae of the Erysipha ceae. Among the host plants of Podosphaera, 86 % of hosts of the section Podosphaera and 57 % hosts of the 28S rDNA subsection Sphaerotheca belong to the Rosaceae. In order to reconstruct the phylogeny of Podosphaera and to evolution determine evolutionary relationships between Podosphaera and its host plants, we used 152 ITS sequences and ITS 69 28S rDNA sequences of Podosphaera for phylogenetic analyses. As a result, Podosphaera was divided into two molecular clock large clades: clade 1, consisting of the section Podosphaera on Prunus (P. tridactyla s.l.) and subsection Magnicel phylogeny lulatae; and clade 2, composed of the remaining member of section Podosphaera and subsection Sphaerotheca. powdery mildew fungi Because section Podosphaera takes a basal position in both clades, section Podosphaera may be ancestral in Rosaceae the genus Podosphaera, and the subsections Sphaerotheca and Magnicellulatae may have evolved from section Podosphaera independently. Podosphaera isolates from the respective subfamilies of Rosaceae each formed different groups in the trees, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera spp. and their rosaceous hosts. However, tree topology comparison and molecular clock calibration did not support the possibility of co-speciation between Podosphaera and Rosaceae. Molecular phylogeny did not support species delimitation of P. aphanis, P. -
Effect of Powdery Mildew on Mango Chlorophyll Content and Disease Control
Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 92 (2), 2014 451 EFFECT OF POWDERY MILDEW ON MANGO CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND DISEASE CONTROL ABO REHAB, M. E. A., NADIA A. SHENOUDY AND H.M.ANWAR Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt (Manuscript received 3 March 2013) Abstract Powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae is a serious disease of Mango. Survey of the disease was conducted during seasons 2011 and 2012 in Sharkeya, Behera, Ismailía and Giza as well as Noubareya district. The highest disease severity (%) was observed in Ismailía being (46.6%) and the lowest in Giza (23.6%). Five different fungicides namely Punch, Bayleton, Kema-Z, Colis, Billis and one biocide ( AQ 10) were used as spraying treatments to control the disease on four Mango cultivars (Langara, Zebda, Alphonso and Fagri Kelan) grown at Noubareya district. Punch gave the highest efficiency in controlling the disease being (78.9 and 79.4% in 2011 and 2012, respectively) whereas AQ 10 gave the lowest efficiency (57.o % and 55.3%). Using the fungicides tested and the biocide maintained the chlorophyll content at comparative level with the healthy tissue. The untreated infected control showed reduced in chlorophyll content. The yield increased by using fungicides and biocides ranging from 307.4% to 35.5% depending on the treatment and cultivar. The increase in income occurred as a result of reducing disease severity which led to maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. INTRODUCTION Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is universally one of the most popular edible fruit crops. In Egypt, the areas cultivated reached 222838 feddans (169068 feddan as fruiting trees) with an approximate production of 598084 metric tons (Anonymous, 2011). -
3Ijilosopi)J> E! R in {{ BOTANY
STUDIES ON POWDERY MILDEWS OF SOME ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE CERTIFICATE OF / iWaisiter of |3ijiloSopi)j> E! r IN {{ BOTANY ^A BY PUNIT VARSHNEY DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2000 \ Ace. N<j *'-v,..i u.i' DS3147 €di(Xjd€€l to of Dr. MOHD. AKRAM /^^\ Mycology and Plant Pathology M.sc.Ph.D. (Alio) F.P.s. 1: F.B s CIcEl)*) Laborotories ^^?*^/ DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Principal Investigator -^>s^£^ ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY UGC. (Mildew) Project ALIGARH-202001 (INDIA) Re^.No - •P"'^'^- /^A//>^^/ Certificate /d id to certlttA tkat Ifl/lv. J-^vivilt warikneiA had worked in tkid department a6 a iKeiearck S^ckolar under miA 6uperui6ion and auidance. ^J^i6 work Studied on powderij mildew of dome economicallu important cruciferoud planti id upto-date and oriaina allowed to dul?mit kid diddertation for tke condideration of tke award of tke ,Jjeqree of l/vladter of j-^kilodopku in U^otaniA. cttdeStfte^A to^ nuf ^c^fiected M^'wUon., 'Di. 'VtoAd. ;4^%CMt. I^eciciei m tAe 'Dcfi^%tm€*tt o^ 3otcM4f. /iiCc^'tA ^)ftc(4lCtK 7iitiu€n^<ttf, ;4Uc^nA dediccLtiatt to c<^a%^. 'r^C^ ^dtcence <iftd ^tfmpdtnctic attitude aa-d catitcKuau^ CtiteicAt n^ue (^nrCatitf CitA^Oied mc in co^tnfi^ictifK^ t^C^ a^ *Dcp'<i%tM,e(i.t a^ ^otci^tttf ^a^ fr%a(Kdc*t^ mc ^cUX^^ie tci6-(^%aX(^%(f. attd <iemcftai ^ccUtce<i^. ^ am c^%cct,tt(f t^tt^^(d t(y <iU t^e %e^ficcted teac^itic^ a,</td ttatt te<^c^c(tc^ <it<i^^ ^<^% meii ^eifi and e«tco^cc%<x<ji^eM'etit dwimc^ w^ dtudie^ avtd t<^ M m(f deal lj%ieMd<i. -
Universiv Micronlms Intemationcil Q U I N N , Ja M E S Ali E N
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Cloning and Expression of the Pathogenicity-Related Genes Of
atholog P y & nt a M l i P c r Journal of f o o b l i Sun et al., J Plant Pathol Microbiol 2015, S:1 a o l n o r g u DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.S1-001 y o J Plant Pathology & Microbiology ISSN: 2157-7471 Research Article Open Access Cloning and Expression of the Pathogenicity-Related Genes of Oidium heveae in the Infection Process Yaqi Sun1, Peng Liang1, Qiguang He1, Wenbo Liu1, Rong Di1,2, Weiguo Miao1* and Fucong Zheng1* 1Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource/College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China 2Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA Abstract Oidium heveae B.A. Steinmann is a biotrophic fungus that infects rubber tree and causes powdery mildew disease, resulting in significant annual rubber yield losses worldwide. Researches on O. heveae in China had been limited on the cytological observation for the interaction of O. heveae with rubber tree, and the environment factors, such as temperature on the disease development. There had been scarce research on the infection mechanism of this important fungal pathogen at the molecular level. Pathogenicity-related genes of O. heveae are important for us to understand its infection process, which can potentially become targets for disease control. We have characterized eleven pathogenicity-related genes of O. heveae by genomics and transcriptomic studies. Four genes are involved in fungal metabolism, and the other three are related to fungal growth. Four genes were found to encode hypothetical proteins. -
Foliar Diseases of Hydrangeas
Foliar Diseases of Hydrangeas Dr. Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Md Niamul Kabir and Adam Blalock Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center ANR-PATH-5-2016 College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences Tennessee State University Hydrangeas are summer-flowering shrubs and are one of the showiest and most spectacular flowering woody plants in the landscape (Fig. 1). The appearance, health, and market value of hydrangea can be significantly influenced by the impact of different diseases. This publication focuses on common foliar diseases of hydrangea and their management recommendations. Powdery Mildew Fig 1. Hydrangea cv. Munchkin Causal agents: Golovinomyces orontii (formerly Erysiphe polygoni), Erysiphe poeltii, Microsphaera friesii, Oidium hortensiae Class: Leotiomycetes Powdery mildew pathogens have a very broad host range including hydrangeas. Some hydrangea species such as the bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) are more susceptible to this disease while other species such as the oakleaf hydrangea (H. quercifolia), appear to be more resistant. In an outdoor environment, powdery mildew pathogens generally overwinter in the form of spores or fungal hyphae. In a heated greenhouse setting, powdery mildew can be active Fig 2. Powdery mildew year round. Spores and hyphae begin to grow when humidity is high but the leaf surface is dry. Warm days and cool nights also favor powdery mildew growth. The first sign of the disease is small fuzzy gray circles or patches on the upper surface of the leaf (Figs. 2 and 3). Inspecting these circular patches of fuzzy gray growth with a hand lens will reveal an intricate web of fungal hyphae. Sometimes small dark dots or structures can be seen within the web of fungal hyphae.