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Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología E-ISSN: 2007-8080 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. México Félix-Gastélum, Rubén; Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio Eduardo; Beltran-Peña, Hugo; Apodaca-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel; Espinoza-Matías, Silvia; Martínez-Valenzuela, María del Carmen; Longoria- Espinoza, Rosa María; Olivas-Peraza, Noel Gerardo Powdery mildews in agricultural crops of Sinaloa: Current status on their identification and future research lines Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, vol. 35, núm. 1, enero, 2017, pp. 106-129 Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. Texcoco, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61249777006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Powdery mildews in agricultural crops of Sinaloa: Current status on their identification and future research lines Las cenicillas en cultivos agrícolas de Sinaloa: Situación actual sobre su identificación y líneas futuras de investigación 1Rubén Félix-Gastélum*, 2Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza, 1Hugo Beltran-Peña, 1Miguel Ángel Apodaca-Sánchez, 4Silvia Espinoza-Matías, 1María del Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela, 3Rosa María Lon- goria-Espinoza, 1Noel Gerardo Olivas-Peraza, 1Universidad de Occidente, Unidad Los Mochis, Departamen- to de Ciencias Biológicas, Blvd. Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional s/n, CP 81223. Los Mochis, Sina- loa, México; 2Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, CIIDIR-Sinaloa. Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes Nº 250, CP 81101. Guasave, Sinaloa, México; 3Universidad de Occidente, Unidad Guasave, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, CP 81120. Guasave, Sinaloa, México; 4Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Au- tónoma de México. CP 04510, Coyoacán, D.F., México. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected]. Recibido: 16 de julio 2016. Aceptado: 20 de octubre 2016. Félix-Gastélum R, Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Beltran- Abstract. The present review aims to discuss the Peña H, Apodaca-Sánchez MA, Espinoza-Matías S, evolution of the procedures for the identification of Martínez-Valenzuela MC, Longoria-Espinoza RM, Oli- the powdery mildew pathogens. The morphometric vas-Peraza NG. 2017. Powdery mildews in agricultural characteristics deciphered by light microscopy and crops of Sinaloa: Current status on their identification scanning electron microscopy, and the availability and future research lines. Revista Mexicana de Fitopato- of molecular tools have contributed to the logía 35: 106-129. identification of the anamorph in different species of DOI: 10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.1607-4 Erysiphales in various regions around the world. In Primera publicación DOI: 24 de Noviembre, 2016. Sinaloa, the identification of these plant pathogens First DOI publication: November 24, 2016. started in 2005. Applying morphometric studies to the teleomorph and anamorph of the powdery mildew fungus in squash and cucumber allowed the identification of Podosphaera xanthii as the causal Resumen. La presente revisión tiene como ob- agent; the anamorph of the same species was also jetivo abordar la evolución de los procedimientos identified in melon, watermelon, bottlegourd, and para identificar los agentes causales de las cenici- husk tomato. In subsequent studies, in addition to llas. Las características morfométricas que se des- the morphometric characteristics, the ITS of rDNA Publicación en Línea, Enero 2017 106 Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Fully Bilingual Mexican Journal of Phytopathology cifran mediante la utilización de microscopía de was used for the identification of the anamorph luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido, así como of Erysiphe diffusa, Erysiphe quercicola, and el rango de hospedantes y herramientas molecula- Podosphaera pannosa on bean, mango, and roses, res han permitido la identificación del anamorfo en respectively. The known species of Erysiphales diferentes especies de Erysiphales, en diversas re- at the present time in Sinaloa might be only a giones del mundo. En Sinaloa, México, la identifi- segment of many of them infecting cultivated and cación de este tipo de patógenos inició en 2005. Los wild species of plants; thus, there is an immense estudios morfométricos del teleomorfo y anamorfo opportunity to focus research lines on the etiology, en calabaza y pepino permitieron la identificación epidemiology, and control of this type of diseases. de Podosphaera xanthii en estos hospedantes; el anamorfo del mismo hongo se identificó en melón, Additional keywords: Anamorph, teleomorph, sandía, bule y tomatillo recurriendo a las mismas light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, técnicas. En estudios subsiguientes, además de la morphometry. morfometría se recurrió a los espaciadores tran- scritos internos (ITS; por su abreviatura en inglés) para la identificación de los anamorfos deErysiphe In Mexico, Sinaloa is the main vegetable- diffusa, Erysiphe quercicola y Podosphaera pan- producing state. In Sinaloa, during 2014, the surface nosa. Las especies de Erysiphales conocidas a la dedicated to the planting of zucchini (Cucurbita fecha en Sinaloa son sólo un segmento de muchas pepo L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), de ellas que actualmente atacan a plantas cultivadas Mexican husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) y silvestres; por lo que existe espacio para el surgi- and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was 31,716 ha, miento de líneas de investigación direccionadas ha- whereas the surface for beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cia la etiología, epidemiología y el manejo de este L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) was 122,412 tipo de enfermedades. ha and 31,180 ha, respectively (SAGARPA, 2014). Although Sinaloa is not one of the main producers Palabras clave adicionales: Anamorfo, teleomor- of roses, the surface planted has increased due to fo, microscopía de luz, microscopía electrónica de the demand for this ornamental plant. In Sinaloa, barrido, morfometría. fungal diseases constitute one of the main limiting factors in these crops (León-Gallegos, 1988; Cruz- Ortega et al., 1998; Ramírez-Villapudúa et al., En México, Sinaloa es el principal estado pro- 2006; Ramírez-Villapudúa and Sáinz-Rodríguez, ductor de hortalizas. En Sinaloa, durante el 2014, la 2006) and among the diseases that affect foliage, superficie de siembra de calabacita (Cucurbita pepo powdery mildew stands out, since it appears in L.), tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), tomatillo every agricultural cycle, and its incidence and (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) y pepino (Cucumis severity vary with the prevalent weather conditions. sativus L.) fue de 31,716 ha mientras que la de Powdery mildew is caused by a group of diverse frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y mango (Mangifera fungi, complex in shape, reproductive structures, indica L.) fue de 122,412 ha y 31,180 ha, respecti- range of hosts, and geographic distribution vamente (SAGARPA, 2014). Aun cuando Sinaloa (Bélanger and Labbé, 2002). They are found in no se ubica como uno de los principales estados the family Erysiphaceae of the order Erysiphales; Publicación en Línea, Enero 2017 107 Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Mexican Journal of Phytopathology Fully Bilingual productores de rosas, la superficie de siembra se ha they are obligate parasites (biotrophes) and they incrementado por la demanda que esta ornamental parasitize around 9,838 species of plants that representa. En Sinaloa, las enfermedades de origen belong only to angiosperms (Amano, 1986). 93 % fúngico constituyen uno de los principales factores of host plants are dicotiledons, while 7 % are limitantes en estos cultivos (León-Gallegos, 1988; monocotiledons (Takamatsu, 2013). Cruz-Ortega et al., 1998; Ramírez-Villapudúa et Erysiphales produce spherical asci called al., 2006; Ramírez-Villapudúa y Sáinz-Rodríguez, chasmothecia (previously called cleistothecia), 2006) y entre aquellas que afectan al follaje resal- as well as conidiophores and hyaline hyphae, tan las cenicillas, las cuales invariablemente se pre- uninuclear septate hyphae, and conidia that form sentan en todos los ciclos agrícolas y su incidencia a white ash-like powder when developing in large y severidad varían con las condiciones ambientales amounts, making them easily recognizable. These prevalentes. structures are mainly produced on the leaves, Las cenicillas, también llamadas cenicillas pol- buds, flowers, and fruits, and produce haustoria vorientas o mildiu polvorientos, son causadas por on the epidermal cells of their hosts (Boesewinkel, un grupo de hongos diversos, complejos en su 1980). They damage plants slowly and are forma, en sus estructuras reproductivas, rango de vulnerable to fungicides, due to the epiphytic hospedantes y distribución geográfica (Bélanger habit in its interaction with the host (Yarwood, y Labbé, 2002). Se ubican en la familia Erysipha- 1973). Although mildew is common and causes ceae del orden Erysiphales; son parásitos obligados considerable damage in cool areas; they are even (biótrofos) y parasitan alrededor de 9,838 especies more common and severe in areas with warm, dry de plantas que pertenecen sólo a las angiospermas climates, because in these conditions the wind (Amano, 1986). El 93% de las plantas hospedantes easily detaches and spreads the conidia (Romero- son dicotiledóneas,
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    International Journal of Horticultural Science 2013, 19 (3–4): 19–23. Agroinform Publishing House, Budapest, Printed in Hungary ISSN 1585-0404 Apple powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha: some aspects of biology Holb, I.J. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Horticulture, 138. Böszörményi str., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary ([email protected]) Summary: Apple powdery mildew (Podoshphaera leucorticha) occurs wherever apples are grown. One of the most important fungal disease of apple which causing severe econimic loss on susceptible apple cultivars. Biology of the pathogen is widely investigated all over the world in the past 100 years. In this review, a summary from this enormous research is made for biology of apple powdery mildew in the following aspects: geographical distribution, morphology, taxonomy of the causal agent, symptoms, host susceptibility, resistance durability and disease cycle. Key words: Malus x domestica Bork., apple powdery mildew, Podoshphaera leucorticha, geographical distribution, symptoms, host susceptibility, disease cycle, biology Introduction branched appendages at tip and chasmothecium (formerly cleistothecium) with one ascus (Salmon, 1900). The Apple powdery mildew (Podoshphaera leucorticha) is a Erysiphaceae are called obligate parasites. On conventional wordwide known fungal pathogen of apple. A key important media, such as potato dextrose agar, powdery mildew conidia fungal disease of apple which causing severe econimic may form short germ tubes with septa (Yossifovitch, 1923), loss on susceptible cultivars in every years where apple are but these germ tubes soon die. grown (Hickey & Yoder, 1990). Biology of the pathogen Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) E. S. Salmon is widely investigated all over the world in the past 100 (anamorph Oidium farinosum Cooke), an ascomycetous years.
  • Prediction of Disease Damage, Determination of Pathogen

    Prediction of Disease Damage, Determination of Pathogen

    PREDICTION OF DISEASE DAMAGE, DETERMINATION OF PATHOGEN SURVIVAL REGIONS, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL COLLECTIONS OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST By DIPAK SHARMA-POUDYAL A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology MAY 2012 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of DIPAK SHARMA-POUDYAL find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Xianming Chen, Ph.D., Chair Dennis A. Johnson, Ph.D. Kulvinder Gill, Ph.D. Timothy D. Murray, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Xianming Chen for his invaluable guidance, moral support, and encouragement throughout the course of the study. I would like to thank Drs. Dennis A. Johnson, Kulvinder Gill, and Timothy D. Murray for serving in my committee and their valuable suggestions for my project. I also like to thank Dr. Mark Evans, Department of Statistics, for his statistical advice on model development and selection. I am grateful to Dr. Richard A. Rupp, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, for his expert advice on using GIS techniques. I am thankful to many wheat scientists throughout the world for providing stripe rust samples. Thanks are also extended to Drs. Anmin Wan, Kent Evans, and Meinan Wang for their kind help in the stripe rust experiments. Special thanks to Dr. Deven See for allowing me to use the genotyping facilities in his lab. Suggestions on data analyses by Dr. Tobin Peever are highly appreciated. I also like to thank my fellow graduate students, especially Jeremiah Dung, Ebrahiem Babiker, Jinita Sthapit, Lydia Tymon, Renuka Attanayake, and Shyam Kandel for their help in many ways.