The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute.The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) is an independent organisation dedicated to improving the prevention of, and response to, armed conflict. We open channels of communication and mediate between parties in conflict, facilitate dialogue, and provide support to the broader mediation and peacebuilding community. We deploy our expertise to support local and nationally-owned processes that protect civilians and foster lasting and just peace. The HD Centre occupies a unique position within the mediation field as an organisation that mediates and facilitates peace talks, assists mediation actors, carries out capacity building work, and conducts research on mediation issues. This position enables us to link and collaborate with multiple organisations and actors within the mediation field. The HD Centre was founded to pursue Henry Dunant’s vision of a world more humane. It aims, through mediation and dialogue, to reduce the suffering caused by armed conflict in our world – where possible, to prevent such conflict; otherwise to help resolve it, or to mitigate its consequences. The HD Centre embraces a set of values that foster integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity in all areas of its work. We subscribe to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and operational independence and are committed to respecting international principles in relation to human rights and humanitarian affairs. As a private peacemaking organisation, our strengths and distinguishing traits include the ability to conduct mediation at the leadership level of parties in conflict; Political independence and impartiality so valued in third parties; Rapid, flexible response and the effective management of discreet processes; Readiness to support other lead mediators; Relationships with high-level networks, particularly in Asia and Africa; Creativity and willingness to take risks for peace; and capacity to convene. The HD Centre pursues its objectives with a commitment to new approaches, to learning, and to collaboration, working with others across borders, beliefs and professions. Since the organisation began operations in 1999, it has established itself as an institution that is reliable, discreet and astute. Annual Report 2012 The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (the HD Centre) is an independent, private diplomacy organisation founded on the principles of humanity, impartiality, independence and discretion. Its mission is to help prevent, mitigate and resolve armed conflict through dialogue and mediation.

© 2013 Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue Reproduction of all or part of this publication may be authorised only with written consent and acknowledgement of the source. About the HD Centre 5

Three key 2012 dates at the HD Centre 15 Contents

365 days at the HD Centre 23

Governance and Finances 57 About the About the HD Centre Message from the Chairman of the Board Jean-Marie Guéhenno

It was an extraordinary year. The Philippines country programme is the HD In Libya, our work was divided into two phases. Progress was made in the back room, too. The HD Centre’s largest, and has been stretched by the Prior to the elections, we worked with Libyan civil Centre’s finances are healthy. There is a delicate The Philippines peace process saw a spectacular surge of work in the run-up to the agreement, society to help identify and address key issues, balance to be struck with the HD Centre’s financial breakthrough. The Framework Agreement on the and in the follow-up. from transitional justice to the constitution. After and other systems. Our success relies on our Bangsamoro was signed at Manila’s Malacañang the elections, we worked with Libyan Elders to willingness to take some calculated risks, to be fast Palace on 15 October 2012. The agreement In Somalia, we played a niche role facilitating the build up mediation capacities in a context in which and flexible, and to work quietly. At the same time, brings with it the hope that forty years of blood- implementation plan for the Road map that saw civil society had been suppressed for forty years, we need to use our funds accountably, manage our shed, and upwards of 100,000 dead, is coming the passage of a new constitution and the emer- and in which manageable problems can easily be- people properly, and protect them in dangerous to an end. gence of Somalia’s first full government in over come less so. places. We owe constant thanks to our donors twenty years. As co-ordinator of the eight-member International whose support allows us to be what we are. As ever, much of the HD Centre’s work had to be Contact Group, the Centre for Humanitarian In Kenya, the HD Centre focused on efforts to pre- conducted discreetly. Two of the confidential pro- Finally, on a personal note, it is a pleasure to be Dialogue has been proud to have supported the vent violence in the run-up to the 2013 elections. We jects in Africa produced agreements, both of which back as Chairman of the Board. It is one of the parties — the Government of the Philippines and worked with the National Cohesion and Integration have been implemented. Our role will have to be most interesting, and most delicate, positions in the the Moro Islamic Liberation Front — as well as Commission on an Accord between Agikuyu and airbrushed out, as it often must be, but we should world of peacemaking. And it is a privilege to serve. the Malaysian facilitator. Kalenjin Elders in the Rift Valley. not regret that — it is a part of the work we do.

6 7 About the HD Centre

Mediation and dialogue in the service of peace – this is the helping to prevent election-related violence in mission of the HD Centre. Driven by a humanitarian desire Liberia in 2011, supporting the creation of plat- to stop the suffering caused by violence and war, the HD forms for inclusive dialogue in Libya, or engaging Centre opens channels of communication and facilitates in dialogue specifically directed towards humani- dialogue between conflict parties, seeks to expand the tarian issues in Darfur and elsewhere. space for the non-violent resolution of armed conflict, Several features characterise the distinct niche and provides support to the broader mediation and in international peacemaking filled by the HD peacebuilding community. Centre. Trusted for its discretion, the HD Centre Founded on independence and impartiality has a low-profile approach that means it can The HD Centre was founded in 1999 with sometimes open up channels for communication a strong sense of its independence and and dialogue in situations where it might be impartiality. The discretion required to gain and politically impossible for official actors to become hold the trust of its primary clients – parties in involved. Its unofficial status offers conflict parties conflict - is another core principle of its work. some measure of ‘deniability’, as well as the The Villa Plantamour, the HD Centre’s headquarters. The HD Centre has grown considerably in reassurance that it has no hidden agenda. The the last decade, and learned from its own HD Centre also brings with it the advantages of an address current issues affecting mediation and experience. Its programmes now cover experienced, entrepreneurial and well-connected encourage the exchange of knowledge, peer- a broad spectrum of conflict resolution team. The HD Centre can react quickly and flexibly learning and networking. assistance, as it strives to engage in ways to conflict and looming crisis; appropriate to the requirements of each it is not afraid to take risks, Grounded in Geneva Mediation and dialogue The HD Centre is a Swiss context. The HD Centre’s independence and tries to find innovative foundation, based in Geneva, and impartiality are rooted in its identity as ways to achieve peace. It has in the service of peace – What is but with a fully international a private actor and supported by funding access to decision-makers, focus. Its ethos, therefore, from a number of different governments and influential players and conflict this is the mission reflects that of the city which foundations. Without political constraints, parties around the world and of the HD Centre. surrounds it. Hosting the it seeks to engage in the best interests of draws on a network of former European headquarters of a just and lasting peace. At the request of senior diplomats, representatives of civil society the United Nations, Geneva provides a hub for the conflict parties involved, some of its and experts in mediation and justice to provide humanitarian actors and peacemakers the world interventions are confidential; however, as a support to local and nationally-owned processes. over. The HD Centre’s headquarters at the Villa matter of both principle and good practice, It encourages gender responsive approaches to Plantamour, which is generously loaned to the or- the HD Centre works to deepen its impact peacemaking by promoting the participation of ganisation by the City of Geneva – far from the im- through growing engagement with local and women in peace processes and agreements that mediate pressures of communities and countries international partner organisations. address the different needs of men and women. in conflict – provides a tranquil place to gather op- The HD Centre has strong working relations with Working as a trusted third party posing parties and work together to resolve issues others in the mediation and peacebuilding com- The HD Centre’s early work focused on private through dialogue. munity - the United Nations, regional organisa- diplomacy between opposing groups. It involved tions, governments, as well as local and inter- the opening of channels to, or between, parties In demand national civil society organisations. It is always As a small organisation, the HD Centre is agile and in conflict and mediating high level political nego- interested in pursuing new approaches to ad- adaptable. It can offer strategic support quickly tiations such as in Aceh, Indonesia. Mediation re- dressing mediation challenges, whether through and quietly as soon as it sees an opportunity to mains a core activity for the HD Centre, either un- research or at the annual Oslo Forum mediators’ help. As a result of its extensive networks and dertaken singly or with others – as in the Philippines, retreat which it co-hosts with the Norwegian unique combination of independence, experience, for example. However, the nature of global conflicts Government. This brings together senior me- flexibility, impartiality and discretion, the HD Centre’s has changed in the years since the HD Centre started diation practitioners, high-level decision-makers, services are in high demand. and the organisation has adapted accordingly. It facili- representatives of conflict parties and others to tates broader dialogue in support of peace efforts, whether

8 9 About the HD Centre A Conversation with the Honorary President of the HD Centre Dr Javier Solana

As a close observer of Middle East politics, It is important to recall that the transitions of the What are the biggest challenges facing What can be the role of external actors, if what are your thoughts about the progress Arab Spring are distinct from what happened in countries going through those transitions? any, in supporting those transitions? accomplished in the two years following the Eastern Europe after the fall of the wall. While the nascent Eastern European nations had a goal or One of the challenges those countries face is that Political transitions are, by definition, locally- Arab Spring? horizon to work towards – the EU and NATO – the government institutions – where they exist – are owned and locally-driven, and each country will The revolutions of the Arab Spring were a wave countries of the Arab Spring do not have a similar weak and might be further weakened by the fast consequently take its own path to establishing the sweeping over very distinct shorelines. Each objective to latch onto, which would give them pace of political change. So there may be very rule of law and democracy. limited capacity within the countries to resolve country’s profile was very different to start with, purpose and momentum. In this context, the role of external actors in those conflicts peacefully. Political parties and political which has led to very distinct transitions with their countries might be limited. This may be due to the It is also necessary to realise that transitions and processes might not develop as quickly as the own peculiarities: Tunisia had a large middle class fact that those revolutions found their source on the revolutions are long processes, and that some time uprisings which put them in place, and this might to start with, while Libya’s transition was through streets and also to people’s rejection of external will surely have to pass before the new contours of fuel frustrations and result in further conflict – at war and in Egypt the military stepped in. The wave interference. In such cases, the role of external ac- each country become clear and neatly outlined. a national level and between local communities. did not wash significantly over Jordan or Algeria tors might be to offer advice or share experiences, – although the latter is now being affected by the In addition, the process of transition in itself, which for example on constitutional and electoral pro- events in Libya and Mali – or the Gulf States, with includes steps such as building a new constitu- cesses, or perhaps facilitate discussions and build the exception of Bahrain. In Morocco, reforms tion, can also represent a source of internal con- local mediation capacity if needed. In providing this served as the dyke that kept the wave at bay. flict and polarization. support, international actors might also encourage

10 11 The HD Centre’s faces I also manage the financial aspects national partners to put in place inclusive political The HD Centre is also working to develop inclusive of my projects and analyse relevant processes which, as much as possible, take into dialogue between political actors in Tunisia as well developments and conflict dynamics in consideration the interests and visions of all seg- as among Sunni, Alawite and Christian communities the region to engage stakeholders on their ments of the population. This supporting role can in Syria to ease sectarian tensions between them. Presenting needs for developing new projects. be of enormous benefit to national actors interested The work differs greatly on a day-to-day basis, in learning from the experiences of others. What do you think the future holds for those and plans often change unexpectedly. This can countries affected by the uprisings? be frustrating sometimes when factors come into How can organisations like the HD Centre foster play that we simply cannot influence or when there The topography was varied to start with, and each does not seem to be nearly enough hours in the an inclusive approach during transitions? country will emerge transformed, in its own way, in day to keep up. Yet, contributing even in little ways In countries undergoing transitions to democracy, as the end. The end-state has not yet been reached in can be very rewarding. is the case in Libya, Egypt or Tunisia, nascent politi- these transitions – there is still a great deal of turmoil. cal processes don’t always include all social currents Even Tunisia, which is often presented as an ex- What is your previous experience in and discontent and disillusionment are common ample of a successful transition to democracy, still among the wider public. At the same time, capacity peacemaking? faces major challenges. The transition in the country, for containing and resolving disagreements and dis- Before joining the Eurasia team, I was responsible for as with Egypt, has been far from smooth. content is limited. Tensions might escalate around facilitating the sharing of experiences and lessons the constitution or the electoral process because It is also to be noted that the Muslim Brotherhood is learnt among senior mediators and peacemakers they both have an impact on the future structure of a very different organisation in each of the countries from all walks of life. Before turning to mediation to the state and division of power within the state. in transition; its relation with the state depends, to Susanne Gentz prevent or resolve conflicts, I worked on countries a large degree, on its relations with the previous re- transitioning from war to peace with a special focus But inclusive and consultative political processes are gime. The organisation has also not been able to on the South Caucasus, especially Georgia. particularly needed at this stage when countries are get a grip on the economic situation in the coun- drafting constitutions and agreeing on the long term tries they govern. principles which will underpin the state and its insti- Where are you based? What inspired you to join the HD Centre? tutions. More than at any other time, inclusion and Transitions in the Middle East and North Africa also I am based in the HD Centre’s Geneva office. Violent conflict is a major factor that prevents peo- dialogue are key during transitional processes. face an extra degree of difficulty in the form of the ple from developing their full potential. How such ongoing and critical struggle between Sunnis and conflicts are ended plays an important role in In its work in the Middle East and North Africa region, What is your role at the HD Centre? Shiites. This conflict is effectively a struggle for re- whether the transition to peace will succeed and the HD Centre has encouraged the principle of gional dominance. Syria also sketches, on a smaller I work on the HD Centre’s engagement in wider whether the opportunity to redefine how people live inclusive political processes. In Libya, the HD Centre scale, this larger regional conflict which involves ex- Eurasia [Eurasia refers to the HD Centre’s pro- together afterwards is seized. has been working to find ways for Libyan people to ternal actors supporting either side. gramme of activities in Europe, the Caucasus as well contribute to the transition there. It has offered to as Western and Central Asia]. I also manage one of There is something refreshing about working for an collaborate with national actors and encouraged But Syria is, of course, a case of its own. The popular our confidential projects. independent organisation that carved its niche in a people from many towns and cities in the country uprising has now turned into a civil war with no end in diplomatic area that used to be the prerogative of to discuss national issues such as elections and the sight. Once the conflict comes to an end, Syria, more state actors. We have the luxury of engaging with constitution, with the principle of national ownership than any other country which embodied the Arab What does this involve on a day-to-day basis? conflict parties without the constraints of wider always in mind. It has also paid attention to ensuring Spring, will have to face a very challenging transition Most of my time is spent on establishing, managing policy imperatives. As an independent organi- women can participate and used the internet to with an Opposition which is currently fragmented, and maintaining relationships and on exchanging sation, we can evaluate a situation without in- reach out to as many people as possible. fears of sectarian tensions, and, as mentioned above, information with, and engaging, the conflict parties. troducing an additional political agenda that the conflicting influence of regional players. This involves much co-ordination and consultation would complicate an already complex mix with advisers, and often meticulous planning when of interests to allow the parties to find a preparing for field visits or meetings between parties. solution for themselves.

12 13 Three key 2012 dates Three key 2012 dates at the HD Centre

Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar’s democracy icon, inspired the participants did identify potential opportunities As part of their ongoing efforts to increase the 2012 Oslo Forum audience with her vision of peace for her for mediators to support the development of new involvement of women in peacemaking and in the country. Having collected her 1991 Nobel Peace Prize state structures and dialogue mechanisms in these Oslo Forum, the organisers aim to ensure that at just prior to the Forum, the opposition leader declared countries. A subsequent debate compared dialogue least a third of the participants are women. In that genuine democratic transformation and peace in efforts in Yemen with those in Syria, although the past, the Oslo Forum agenda has featured Myanmar demanded constructive engagement with significant dissimilarities between the two contexts dedicated discussions on the role of women in the Government. Suu Kyi’s opening intervention meant that the approach to mediation in support international peacemaking provided the ideal segue into the rest of the event, of Yemen’s transition was not and, in 2012, a meeting was which revolved around the theme of ‘Negotiating easily transferable to Syria. arranged for Afghan women through Transition’. The agenda also featured Aung San Suu Kyi, participants to share ex- updates from Syrian, Filipino U2 lead singer Bono stressed the value of Myanmar’s democracy periences of peacemaking and Burmese speakers on cultivating channels of dialogue; he recalled his in their country with inter- peace efforts in their countries. icon, inspired the 2012 own experience of the Troubles in Northern national peacemakers with Ireland, during which a visionary Bill Clinton had As well as providing oppor- Oslo Forum audience gender expertise. chosen the path of inclusion by allowing IRA tunities for an exchange of The 2012 retreat was par- leaders to visit the United States despite their experiences and expertise, with her vision of isolation elsewhere. Drawing parallels with the Oslo Forum also allowed peace for her country. ticularly well received and other famous peacemakers, Bono praised attendees to take practical feedback from attendees 18-19 June 2012 Aung San Suu Kyi’s openness to negotiating steps to advance their own was overwhelmingly positive. with her former captors – ‘without an FW peace processes. For example, the retreat facili- Having started in 2003, the forthcoming year also de Klerk’, he reminded the audience, ‘there tated dialogue between the Myanmar Government marks the Forum’s tenth anniversary. The memo- couldn’t have been a Mandela’. Keeping to and the opposition, and helped rejuvenate another rable highlights of 2012 have served to raise the that theme, the Oslo Forum presented Suu peace process by enabling those involved in formal standard of this important global event as it enters Kyi with a first opportunity to meet with U mediation to continue their discussions discreetly. its second decade in 2013. Soe Thane, Myanmar’s Minister of Industry and one of the government’s key reformists.

The absorbing high-level opening set the scene for what was widely considered the most successful Forum to date. Aung San Suu Kyi was the latest of several Nobel Laureates to have attended the prestigious event, which is co-hosted each year by the HD Centre and the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The attendance of the above- Myanmar Industry Minister, U Soe Thane (left), and historian and mentioned luminaries, as well as more than one author, Thant Myint-U (right). hundred other high-level international mediators and peace process actors, generated significant media interest.

In many of the discussions at the event, attendees debated transition processes underway across several countries, sharing experiences and drawing relevant lessons for their own mediation work. A discussion of the political changes underway in Libya, Egypt and Tunisia highlighted the limited role of outside mediation in these transitions, all of which were locally driven. However, From left to right -Torgeir Larsen, Teresita Quintos Deles, Louise Bono, Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Arbour and David Harland. Aung San Suu Kyi during the opening panel discussion.

16 17 Three key 2012 dates at the HD Centre

In August 2012, a broad-based peace agreement was signed in the development of the peace agreement in Nakuru County in Kenya, the epicentre of post-election document and the implementation plan. The HD violence in 2007-2008. The agreement was the result of a Centre also provided a unique link between the long process, started by the Kenyan National Cohesion Elders’ local peace process and the national KNDR and Integration Commission (NCIC) in collaboration with Agreements, and is developing a case study on the National Steering Committee on Peacebuilding the peace process which will be shared with other and Conflict Resolution, to draw together the divided communities across Kenya facing similar changes. communities of Nakuru County within the Rift Valley Drawing on its experience of peace processes and deal with some of the tensions which had led in other parts of the world, the HD Centre also to the eruption of violence between them after the encouraged the Agikuyu and Kalenjin Elders 2007 Presidential Elections. to broaden the process to include all the other In the wake of this violence, the Kenya communities in Nakuru County. Since the aim of National Dialogue and Reconciliation (KNDR) the agreement was to heal some of the divisions Agreements negotiated by Kofi Annan in 2008 between them it was vital to include other had provided a framework for power-sharing communities as well as women and young people Meredith Preston McGhie, HD Centre Regional Director for Africa, and Alice between the incumbent President and the to increase the chances that peace would prosper. Nderitu, NCIC Commissioner, at the ‘Nakuru County Peace Accord’ signing. leader of the Opposition. However, while The Elders consequently these national agreements calmed the vio- met women and youth lence and stabilised the country, they could representatives and travelled A peace agreement not hope to deal with all the local tensions around Nakuru County to was signed in Nakuru 19 August 2012 which had intensified the violence in areas explain their peace process Unlike a traditional mediation like the Rift Valley, and Nakuru County was and the draft agreement to County in Kenya, in process involving two sides considered a hotspot in this region. local communities. negotiating terms, the Elders’ August 2012. process in Nakuru County had Set up to promote peace between different With Kenyan elections become a community-wide groups in Kenya, the NCIC decided to scheduled for March 2013, the NCIC and the HD effort to make peace and resulted in the building focus on Nakuru County and the influential Centre were very aware of the need to establish of trust between previously divided communities. leaders of its two main groups; the Agikuyu peace in Nakuru County in time to prevent So instead of signing the agreement behind closed and the Kalenjin. The aim was to start a tensions escalating around the elections. By doors, the Agikuyu and Kalenjin Elders signed local peace initiative between Elders from the time the peace agreement – now named alongside Elders from all the other communities these groups who could foster peaceful the Nakuru County Peace Accord – was finally in Nakuru County. Women’s representatives, relations between their communities with the signed on 19 August 2012, there were many young people, political leaders and national figures hope that this would provide an example for people ready and willing to sign it. also added their signatures to demonstrate the co-operation between groups in other parts commitment of the whole society to living in peace of Kenya too. As the NCIC hoped the project with each other. would ultimately have a national impact, the Commission wanted to ensure the initiative The HD Centre not only witnessed this unique was clearly linked to the 2008 national KNDR signing process but the organisation has already process from the early stages. begun to support the really important process of implementing the agreement in Nakuru County Having supported Kofi Annan during the mediation and considering ways it can repeat this success of the KNDR Agreements, the HD Centre could in other areas of Kenya. Since the agreement was offer both experience and expertise to the NCIC’s signed, both the NCIC and the HD Centre have initiative and the organisation was invited to a meeting been working to ensure that the Nakuru County of Agikuyu and Kalenjin Elders in order to explain how Peace Accord contributes to the prevention of vio- it could help. The HD Centre was welcomed into the lence, promotes peace and provides a model for process and subsequently provided technical expertise other communities in Kenya to follow. Signing of the ‘Nakuru County Peace Accord’, 19 Aug. 2012.

18 19 Three key 2012 dates at the HD Centre

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro was signed Mindanao Think Tank (MTT), a group of prominent at the Malacañang Palace in Manila on 15 October 2012 in Christian, Muslim and Lumad leaders which has the presence of President Benigno Aquino III. After years conducted numerous community-based work- of conflict and 32 rounds of formal talks between the shops and produced publications clarifying as- Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the pects of the peace process and raising the views of Moro Islamic Liberation Front, both parties signed local people. The HD Centre’s efforts also involve an agreement which puts forward a new frame- supporting volunteer mediators in the Tumikang work for governing contested areas of the southern Sama Sama group, a small body composed of well- Philippines. respected local individuals who aim to prevent and reduce violence across Sulu’s 19 municipalities. This is a particularly refreshing achievement since

the conflict devastated the southern Philippines As a result of the range of the HD Centre’s work, GPH and MILF Peace Panel Chairs Marvic Leonen (right) and Mohagher Iqbal for over 40 years and the peace process has the organisation has been able to provide a link (left) shake hands after signing the FAB, 15 Oct. 2012. been long and gruelling with many ups and between the national peace downs. The HD Centre has been working to re- process and local people in the The HD Centre has also sup- solve conflict in the country at both a national areas affected by the conflict. The signing of the ported efforts to increase and local level for some years and 2012 may As the peace process has Framework Agreement the role of women, and raise yet prove to have been a monumental break- evolved, the HD Centre has gender concerns, in peace- through. The organisation has been involved strived to share information has laid the bedrock for making in the Philippines. in the formal talks since 2009 when the HD about the latest developments Recently, five female me- Centre helped establish an International with a wider audience through the future. diators from Sulu were fea- 15 October 2012 Contact Group (ICG) to support the peace public meetings and supporting the production of tured in the HD Centre’s process. Unusually, this group included radio shows. In 2012, for example, the HD Centre Taking Peace Into Their publication. In 2012, the HD Centre representatives from individual states such supported the MTT in holding public meetings so Own Hands also supported three roundtable discussions run as Japan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and people could hear more about the peace process by the Muslim women’s rights advocacy group, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as and, through these meetings, managed to reach Nisa Ul Haqq Fi Bangsamoro, which focused on non-governmental organisations including out directly to over 30 communities. Similarly, increasing the consideration of women’s rights and Conciliation Resources, Muhammadiyah and when there was a breakthrough at the 27th round of gender issues in the national peace process and The Asia Foundation. By drawing on a broad Exploratory Talks in Kuala Lumpur which resulted helped bring women from each side of the table range of state and non-governmental support in an initial agreement on the ‘10 Decision Points together. through the ICG, the parties involved in the on Principles’, the Government’s Chief Negotiator talks were able to access impartial, outside was interviewed on the MTT radio show to explain Finalising the implementation of the peace process expertise. In its role as a member and ad hoc the agreement to people. Locally, the HD Centre’s between the two parties may still take time and in- co-ordinator of the ICG, the HD Centre helped support to mediators in the Tumikang Sama Sama volve numerous challenges but the signing of the bring in numerous international experts who also helped resolve over 15 violent conflicts. Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro has laid had either mediated or negotiated other conflicts the bedrock for the future and represents a historic around the world. Frequently, the HD Centre was step forward. The signing ceremony itself reflected called upon by either party or the Malaysian facili- the international nature of this peace process with tator to discreetly provide advice and, from time to the Philippine President sharing the stage with the time, draft aspects of the agreement which might Prime Minister of Malaysia and acknowledging the bridge differences between the parties. support of all the thousands who contributed to the process including the International Contact Group. The HD Centre has also helped buttress the peace talks at the leadership level with complementary ef- For more, please read “The Framework Agreement on the forts on the ground aimed at preventing and resolving Bangsamoro – Keeping the momentum up” (p.38), and watch the HD Centre’s video clip on the signing of the local conflicts and providing a link between communities Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro on 15 October and the peace process. This work includes supporting the 2012: http://www.hdcentre.org/en/our-work/peacemaking/ philippines-mindanao/videos/ Signing of the ‘GPH-MILF Decision Points on Principles’, 24 April 2012.

20 21

365 days at the HD Centre

The HD Centre’s work in the Middle East and North Africa principal means for resolving disputes, with a has expanded significantly since the Arab uprisings. In line group of traditional leaders, known as the Hukama, with the organisation’s new strategic focus on fostering emerging as one of the most effective mechanisms peace during periods of national change such as political in Libya for responding to armed conflicts. Over transitions and elections, the HD Centre’s work in the 2012, the HD Centre has developed a close area has included efforts to initiate, develop and foster working partnership with the Hukama and is the public and confidential dialogue processes in Syria, one international organisation which is directly Libya and Tunisia, as well as with key emerging supporting their efforts. As well as offering direct political forces throughout a region whose future support for the Hukama’s mediation of some intra- remains challenging to predict. state Libyan conflicts, the HD Centre has also been working to develop the group’s mediation capacity In 2012, the situation in much of Syria developed through exposure to international expertise and into an internal armed conflict between best practice. By facilitating dialogue and close opposition armed groups and the authorities’ collaboration between the Hukama and other key security forces and pro-regime militias, Libyan actors, including the Libyan Government, although in areas such as Homs and Hama, the HD Centre has also enabled those traditional it involved members of communities fighting leaders to develop their network and ensure a each other. As a result, millions of people have more co-ordinated response to armed conflicts. Residents walk along a street lined with damaged buildings, been displaced internally, including many loyal Deir al-Zor, April 2013. to the Government, whilst nearly a million Issues surrounding Libya’s democratic transition The Middle East others have sought refuge in neighbouring also remain extremely divisive and cities in a constructive Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan. The in the country, particularly the In 2012, the HD Centre dialogue on areas such as the demands of both the Government and those issues of lustration, the distri- and North Africa electoral and constitutional fighting it are mutually exclusive and, despite bution of electoral seats, and held workshops on the process, reconciliation, se- the efforts of the former and current United the formation of the constitu- curity and local conflicts. The Nations/League of Arab States Joint Special ent assembly which will be key concerns of Libyans HD Centre’s work in Libya Envoys to build an international consensus, responsible for drafting the during the transitional aims to bring together Libyan the conditions have not yet been suitable for a constitution. Tensions have stakeholders with different political settlement or international mediation. resulted in violent clashes and period. backgrounds and political assaults on Libya’s nascent In this context, the HD Centre has continued affiliations as well as those from different regions, democratic institutions. To develop dialogue be- to facilitate dialogue between actors from ethnic groups and communities to find mutually ac- tween communities across the country, in 2012 the the Sunni, Alawite and Christian communi- ceptable solutions to the political questions facing HD Centre held thirteen sub-national workshops ties to mitigate inter-communal tensions and the country. and two national workshops on the key concerns of to keep open channels of communication in a Libyans during this transitional period. These have In Tunisia, while the country remains a positive time of heightened conflict. The organisation involved more than 450 Libyans from over 30 towns example of the democratic transformations which has also engaged both armed and non-armed began in January 2011, many challenges remain opposition actors in a dialogue on International in terms of consolidating a successful transition Humanitarian Law, Human Rights and transi- to democracy in the country. Political polarization tional justice. All in all, six closed-door rounds of continues and the public debate is extremely dialogue were convened in 2012 with interlocutors confrontational with few points of consensus from across Syria. and little appetite for making the necessary In Libya, since the revolution, along with more freedom, political concessions. The HD Centre has been there has been a massive proliferation of weapons in working to support inclusive dialogue between the country, state security structures have remained Tunisian political actors to ensure that tensions extremely weak, and violent conflicts have restarted in and violence do not derail the delicate transition many regions. Mediation has consequently become the process in Tunisia towards democracy. Signing of the ‘Sabha Peace agreement’ by Elders from Sabha, 20 April 2013.

24 25 An outside perspective 365 days at the HD Centre

What is the HD Centre doing to support Do you think that the role of the HD Centre Sheikh stability, peace and state-building in Libya? in Libya has been accomplished? The HD Centre is providing good advice and coun- As we saw, the UN mandate in Libya has been ex- seling to Libyan Elders. They are providing expertise tended. The Libyan state-building process is not Mohamed Idriss to us: experts with a great deal of knowledge and complete. In such a context, the mediation con- experience. They are sharing their experiences on ducted by the Elders’ Council is very important. national reconciliation and mediation. Consequently, the role of the HD Centre is not yet El Magherby finished in Libya. We have underlined to the Prime Head of the Libyan Elders’ Council and What are the most significant changes you’ve Minister that we need expert assistance to tackle the economic, social and psychological aspects Chief of the Libyan Shura Council seen as a result of the HD Centre’s work in of the mediation and reconciliation process. As we the area of local conflict mediation (or other have told the Prime Minister’s office, the HD Centre areas)? can provide us with this type of expertise. No, the With the support of the HD Centre, learning from role of the HD Centre in Libya is not finished. their experience, and using the expertise they provide, the Elders’ Council has run many media- tion processes which contribute to the stability of Libya, peace, and the state-building process. The HD Centre is supporting the work of the legitimate Libyan actors in this field. Sheikh Mohamed Idriss El Magherby is Head of What is the nature of your collaboration with the Libyan Elders’ Council, which reunites the tribal the HD Centre? What more could be done (by the HD Centre leaders of Libya to mediate and resolve violent We have had an excellent collaboration with the HD or other actors) to contribute to Libya’s conflicts and to promote reconciliation, and Chief Centre. Many members of the Elders’ Council have transitional process? of the Libyan Shura Council. He is also the leader participated in the many workshops organised by The HD Centre should organise more workshops of the El Magherby tribe, originally from Ajdabiya the HD Centre. We were impressed by the high and events, bring in more international expertise and and resident of Benghazi. He has been Chief of the level of knowledge concerning mediation and share comparative experiences with Libyan actors. Elders’ Council since the beginning of the revolution. reconciliation which the HD Centre can offer. The HD Centre’s network of experts is very effective and important for us to be able to draw upon. How did you become involved with the HD Centre? How do you see the collaboration with the My first contact with the HD Centre was at the HD Centre in the future? Libyan Prime Minister’s office in Tripoli. We were We continue to need the knowledge of the HD meeting with Dr Hadi El Gheryani. The discussion Centre for advice and consultation. The Elders focused on reconciliation processes around the of Libya will continue to be involved in peace and world: other countries which have had similar reconciliation processes and welcome input from popular political uprisings to Libya. the HD Centre for all of these processes. This last year of co-operation, collaboration and support has convinced me of the continued need for the HD Centre’s involvement in Libya.

26 27 365 days at the HD Centre

The HD Centre has been expanding its work in Africa with a focus on building new programmes in West Africa. The organisation’s work in support of peaceful elections in Liberia in 2011 began this process, followed by wide ranging activities in the Sahel and now also in Nigeria. This work complements the HD Centre’s long-standing collaboration with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to improve mediation capacity throughout the sub-region.

In the Sahel, the HD Centre has been working with the communities of Northern Mali to find common ground in a region beset by violent conflict. The HD Centre has focused its efforts on improving relations among these commu- nities as well as developing a way for them Bamako conference of army officials from Mali and other West African countries on conflict resolution, Oct. 2012. to communicate their concerns to the media- tors involved in official peace efforts. women invited to the first inter-community dia- fostering political dialogue; this is part of the or- logue meeting beforehand to prepare them to take ganisation’s long term involvement in both of these To start developing a network of leaders Africa part. In November 2012, the HD Centre also ar- countries. The HD Centre hopes to help political who could communicate their communities’ ranged a meeting between women from northern leaders to address the more sensitive issues con- concerns through official channels, the HD and southern Mali who are leading, or working tributing to conflict in these countries. Significantly Centre brought elected and traditional lead- with, women’s organisations to discuss peace and in 2012, the HD Centre supported dialogue around ers together in two inter-community dia- security in the country. the end of the transitional period in Somalia, which logue meetings. The first was held in Dori, successfully ushered in a new permanent govern- All these efforts have helped to generate a stronger in Burkina Faso, in October 2012 and drew ment in Mogadishu. together people from the Gourma region of understanding of the concerns of local commu- northern Mali with those from Burkina Faso nities in Mali and neighbou- In Somaliland, the HD Centre and Niger. Given past grievances among ring countries among local In the Sahel, the HD has been engaged in political these communities, and particularly be- leaders and a network has dialogue in support of peace- tween those living on the land and those begun to form between them. Centre has been wor- ful elections – following suc- living in nomadic groups, the HD Centre Community representatives cessful interventions in this hoped the dialogue process would help ad- have already held meetings king with the communi- area in the 2010 Presidential dress these grievances and reduce conflicts with officials from ECOWAS, ties of Northern Mali to elections. This included sup- between them. The HD Centre took the same the African Union and the port to both dispute resolu- approach at the second meeting in December United Nations to communi- find common ground. tion systems for the elections 2012 in Tapoa, Niger which brought together cate these views in order to themselves, and broader dia- people from communities in the Ansongo and ensure they are considered by official mediators. logues between political parties/associations and Menaka regions in Mali as well as communities With the help of the Women’s Reference Group, the electoral management bodies. Malian women have also developed a communi- in Niger. In Kenya, where the HD Centre has its regional qué calling for more involvement in Malian peace To get a comprehensive picture of these commu- office, the organisation has been working with the processes which has been made public and dis- nities’ concerns, the HD Centre took care to en- National Cohesion and Integration Commission cussed with the lead mediator in the Mali conflict. sure women and young people were involved in the (NCIC) to facilitate a Peace Accord signed by all dialogue process. To do this, the organisation drew In 2012, the HD Centre has also been working communities in Nakuru County in the Rift Valley on the experience of the Women’s Reference Group to reconcile communities and stabilise volatile – a region which saw considerable conflict during on Mediation it has established through its Africa-wide situations in other parts of Africa. In Somalia and the post-election violence in the country in 2008 “Women at the Peace Table” project and gathered those Sudan, the focus of the HD Centre’s work is on (see ‘Making peace in Kenya’).

28 29 The HD Centre’s faces

Presenting

and consultants working in the Africa region, managing local recruitment, procuring supplies or services and making payments, assisting programme staff in organising conferences and internal meetings, assisting in preparing project budgets, assisting in the audit process for Africa projects and internal controls, among other tasks. I am also usually on hand to give whatever support Victoria Akinyi Odhiambo is needed to ensure the programmes/projects achieve their targeted results.

Where are you based? What is your previous experience in I am based in the HD Centre’s regional office in peacemaking? Nairobi. The non-governmental organisations I worked with before joining the HD Centre were not directly What is your role at the HD Centre? involved in peacemaking. However, my experience at the HD Centre has piqued my interest in Children wave at a Niger soldier on patrol in Gao as part of the MISMA West African forces, Feb. 2013. I am the Office Manager. I try to keep the show on peacemaking. I can assure you that, even on the the road. sidelines, there is never a dull moment as the work In 2012, plans were also developed for similar slowly to a series of agreements to rebuild trust done by my colleagues, wherever they may be, work in Plateau State in Nigeria, where the HD and end the cycles of violence, it is hoped this What does this involve on a day-to-day basis? inspires hope. In the end, that is what matters. Centre aims to bring communities together to will help to resolve the conflict that has plagued address long-standing grievances in order to Plateau State for decades. My overall task is to manage the smooth running seek a sustainable resolution to their conflict. of the logistics, finance, general and personnel ad- What inspired you to join the HD Centre? Recognising the important role played by regional ministration of the HD Centre’s African operations. Building on the HD Centre’s experience in the I wanted to expand my experience and know- states in peacemaking in Africa, 2012 also saw On a day-to-day basis this would mean prepa- mediation of long-standing, localised conflicts ledge not only in finance and administration the commencement of a partnership between ring finance reports, making travel arrangements, with national implications (such as in Kenya), the functions but also in the core activities of the HD Centre and the Foreign Service Institute of managing personnel administration for employees HD Centre has been building relationships with the HD Centre and especially in mediation the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kenya to develop the key communities who have been engaged dialogues that take a humanitarian training programmes for mid and senior level dip- in, and affected by, the violence in Plateau state. approach. lomats from Kenya and the region. By offering an impartial facilitation and mediation model that will enable the communities to build

30 31 An outside perspective 365 days at the HD Centre

election. In all past elections since the introduction How were women involved and included in of multiparty politics in Kenya in the 1990’s, there the peace process in Nakuru County? Alice had been violence, deaths and displacement in the Rift Valley. The core area that was affected The approach in Nakuru specifically targeted by violence was Nakuru, an area comprised of six Elders, as they plan the violence – and do so Nderitu constituencies in the Rift Valley. without women. They accepted women in the workshops but when they withdrew into ethnic Commissioner, groups to discuss the peace agreement they did National Cohesion and Integration Commission, How specifically did the HD Centre support not include women. Until the HD Centre came in, Kenya the peacemaking process in the Rift Valley? I was the only woman sitting with the Elders with my The spectre of ethnic related violence and male colleagues. This was a contrast – especially numerous county election stand-offs was looming for the Kalenjin community who had the greatest in the lead up to Kenya’s 2013 elections. Ethnic number of women members of parliament elected militias had not been dismantled in the Rift Valley yet, in matters of war, they did not invite them. The and elsewhere. The issue of the International contradiction was that Meredith and I sat in the Criminal Court had become a political campaign discussions. The Elders did not, however, treat us tool that had fuelled ethnic schisms. As the as women, but rather as experts. months rolled towards the elections, a new set We did continue to press the matter and a series of threats were rising in prominence; that of new of meetings with women were held as part of ‘minorities’ created by the county arrangement the process, and women were brought in as that the new Constitutional order had created, supporting signatories to the agreement. What is the nature of the collaboration HD [The HD Centre] supports mediation and was with majorities threatening to outvote minorities. between the National Cohesion and behind the technical work on the drafting of the In this new political arrangement, potentially What are the most significant changes you’ve Integration Commission (NCIC) and the HD KNDR, which created the NCIC. The two organi- explosive issues such as access to resources sations have a lot in common. HD understands the seen in Nakuru County as a result of the Centre in Kenya? as well as ethnic and religious differences were NCIC, having been party to the thinking behind its elevated. The NCIC had been discussing these Peace Accord? The NCIC was established under an Act of creation, however the partnership is based on the issues in the Rift Valley and requested support Parliament after Kenya’s 2007 and 2008 post- This is the first time in 5 elections since 1992 that NCIC’s mediation role which HD supports. from the HD Centre as the political issues, in election crisis within the Kenya National Dialogue Kenya has had a peaceful election and in which particular, were difficult to handle. The HD Centre and Reconciliation (KNDR) Framework mandated nobody was killed or displaced in Nakuru County. How did this collaboration come about and brought in consultants and staff who assisted the by the African Union and chaired by Kofi Annan. The Elders have maintained the plans in the NCIC to draw up a technical peace agreement The accord marks out a set of reforms to be car- how does the HD Centre’s work complement framework for inter-ethnic meetings. People have with a full implementation work plan. The HD ried out between 2008 and 2012 to prevent what that of the NCIC? enjoyed the dividends that come with peace such Centre also added considerable value in that its as no schools closed and hospitals not running Kofi Annan described as ‘violence on a larger The partnership came through a meeting with staff and consultants, not being Kenyan, were out of medicine during the election period. scale in coming years’. The NCIC’s mandate is to Meredith Preston McGhie [Regional Director for seen to be honest arbiters with no interest in the deal with, and mediate, ethnic and race related Africa] of HD in a women mediators’ workshop process. The Rift Valley Elders readily accepted conflicts and promote peaceful and harmonious in Washington DC, hosted by the Institute for What more could be done to foster peaceful the HD Centre. The HD Centre was extremely coexistence in Kenya. The NCIC has been working Inclusive Security. On coming back to Kenya, I in- relations between communities in Kenya – professional, keeping to deadlines and exhibiting to mediate or prevent conflicts at grassroots and vited her to our office to meet the Chairman and both in Nakuru County and more widely? tons of patience as the agreement was discussed political leadership level, including between the other members of the NCIC. Of the various media- in English, translated into Kiswahili and discussed There is still a need to follow through on the imple- then Principals, the President and Prime Minister. tion efforts we were following, we decided that the again, sentence by sentence and finally signed. mentation to ensure lasting peace. The agreement Rift Valley posed the greatest danger to a peaceful

32 33 What does this involve on a day-to-day basis? The HD Centre’s faces This involves managing a team of experts, who operate both from Geneva and from the field, designing and implementing strategies and operational Presenting activities, supervising and enforcing security guidelines for staff, reviewing and synthesizing relevant information regarding various conflict situations, attending meetings with a wide range of interlocutors such as politicians, military officials, rebel leaders, diplomats or civil society groups, as well as fundraising for our activities and ensuring regular and comprehensive reporting to our main donors and partners.

What is your previous experience in peacemaking? During the 90’s, I served in an international observa- tion mission (TIPH) in the West Bank city of Hebron. This constituted my first rich field experience in a Roland Steininger conflict-torn area. I later worked extensively on pro- jects such as the Geneva Initiative, a process facili- Supporters of Kenya’s Prime Minister Raila Odinga cheer outside the Supreme Court in the capital Nairobi, 16 March 2013. tated by Switzerland whose purpose was to help Where are you based? bring about and market a blueprint for a permanent and implementation framework are very clear on Male Elders in the African setting, I have realised, I am based in the Geneva office, since the HD status agreement between Israelis and Palestinians. the roles of women and youth as joint partners to respect knowledge. I prepared adequately for the Centre’s MENA (Middle East and North Africa) pro- I subsequently worked on an initiative involving the the peace agreement. meetings. I read up the history of the Rift Valley gramme has been operating from Geneva since its Syrian Government and Israeli interlocutors. More from as many books as I could and discussed with inception in 2008. recently, in my former capacity as Representative of Did you have to handle any particular history teachers the politics of the Rift Valley. I met Switzerland to the Palestinian Authority, I took part in gender issues during this peace process and the women separately for advice on the dynamics several initiatives designed to facilitate a rapproche- of the conflict. The women also advised me on the What is your role at the HD Centre? do you have any advice for other women ment between Fatah and Hamas. working in mediation roles? How did you characters of the men in the room. As the HD Centre’s Regional Director, Middle East find mediating as a woman, particularly I maximised on the breaks. At teatime, I would & North Africa, I am supervising the HD Centre’s What inspired you to join the HD Centre? with a male group of Elders? Were there start a conversation with the Elders I found dif- diverse projects and activities in the MENA region. I got in contact with the HD Centre in 2003 specific challenges you faced? ficult, those who opposed most. I always refer to This involves regular trips to the region to meet lo- cal authorities, colleagues working on the ground against the background of the Geneva Initiative My male colleagues prepared me and supported them respectfully as Elders, Wazee, and always as well as key stakeholders operating in a given process. Ever since, every time I happened me for this role. An Elder challenged me on one make them feel that I know they are wise. I care- country or sub-region. Besides that, my job is to to learn about the HD Centre’s programmes occasion on an opinion I raised and ordered me fully choose what I wear, favouring long flowing secure and develop relations of trust with all the and projects in the MENA region and else- to sit. I stood my ground and my colleagues told clothes. The idea is that they concentrate on what HD Centre’s partners and interlocutors in order to where, I was impressed by the high level him to respect me or leave the room. He did not I say, not what I am dressed in. I try as much as enhance our ability to prevent conflicts, minimise of expertise of its staff, its entrepreneurial leave. I was lucky to have the authority of office as possible to dress older. human suffering and facilitate discreet dialogues or spirit and its original approach to me- a Commissioner. I used this authority. negotiations between different kinds of actors. diation and conflict resolution.

34 35 365 days at the HD Centre

The highlight for the HD Centre in Asia last year was the October 2012 signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. After decades of fighting, over 100,000 deaths and a chronic displacement of more than a million people, this landmark agreement promises a lasting peace for the people of the southern Philippines.

The HD Centre played a significant role in sup- porting the parties during the final negotiations surrounding the Framework Agreement. It was one of four international organisations and four states in the International Contact Group, a body established to support the Malaysian fa- cilitator and assist the parties.

The Framework Agreement is the result of years of negotiations and, for the HD Centre, Signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Manila, 15 Oct. 2012 Asia it was gratifying to see the results of more than eight years work in the country. For the Myanmar Government and ethnic groups. In ad- head of the HD Centre’s Manila office, David dition, the HD Centre supported regional consul- The HD Centre played Gorman, it was also a personal achievement tations on the plight of the Rohingya people and to be proud of. Other members of the HD a significant role in advised stakeholders inside and outside Myanmar Centre’s team in the Philippines included on options for reconciliation in the Rakhine State. Mike Alar in the Manila office. He was joined supporting the parties later by Ali Saleem, the incoming country Throughout the year, the HD Centre also assisted during the final representative replacing David Gorman. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat in the launch of the ASEAN negotiations. The work doesn’t end there. The HD Institute of Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) by Centre’s Philippines country programme convening a group of conflict resolution actors to remains engaged in the implementation of brainstorm on the potential role of the Institute. The the Agreement and, in many ways, the work access to relevant expertise. The Institute was AIPR aims to increase the capacity of ASEAN and has become more challenging. Meanwhile, formally launched at the ASEAN Summit meeting its Member States to peacefully resolve conflicts in the HD Centre has established a new office held in Cambodia in November 2012. Asia by generating research and offering officials in Cotabato in Mindanao to complement the The Asia-Pacific project of the HD Centre’s work it is doing from its office on the island of “Women at the Peace Table” programme, which Sulu and the organisation’s presence in this re- aims to bring gender concerns into mainstream gion demonstrates the HD Centre’s commitment peacemaking in the region, also convened an to full engagement in the Philippines. Asia-wide roundtable in Nepal in 2012. Forty Elsewhere in the region, the HD Centre supported women from across Asia gathered together to Thailand’s formal commitment to a dialogue process discuss how gender could be considered in areas with representatives of the Patani Malay Liberation such as constitutional reform. A workshop was Movement, facilitated by Malaysia, which aims to ad- also held in Chiang Mai in Thailand which drew dress the ongoing conflict in southern Thailand. The HD together Myanmar ethnic nationalities to discuss Centre also established a country office in Myanmar with how gender issues could be included in peace the goal of supporting the peace process between the processes in Myanmar (see ‘Promoting women’s participation throughout peace processes’). Rohingya run away from a fire set to a part of Sittwe, during clashes, 10 June 2012.

36 37 365 days at the HD Centre

missions and reaching out to remote communities. The Agreement The Framework Later, three local NGOs were also added to the This extensive architecture, involving both local and official monitoring teams to report on each party’s international support, reinforced the process which Agreement on adherence to International Humanitarian Law. led to the 2012 Framework Agreement and helped create a uniquely tailored arrangement meeting the Involving international third party facilitation particular needs of this conflict. the Bangsamoro It was not until 2001, following the breakdown of the peace process, that the parties considered The key issue the FAB addresses is the relationship involving international elements in the process. The between the region and the central government. Government of Malaysia, which from then on became While the Agreement is clear that the new region the official facilitator of the process, first became is still very much part of the Philippine state, it also involved in March 2001, and brought the parties provides for the relationship between them to be David Gorman together to sign the General Framework Agreement asymmetrical. It recognises the region’s unique which recognised the need for a political solution. historical place in the Philippine nation, creates a Later that year, the parties signed a second accord, special governing relationship between the new entity the Tripoli Agreement, under the auspices of Saif and the central Government which will be different al Islam of the Gadaffi Foundation. This landmark than in other regions of the country, and provides agreement invited international the opportunity to create a monitors from the Organization The signing of the new form of governance in the of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) region. Furthermore, the FAB to monitor the agreement. recognises the Bangsamoro The signing of the Framework Agreement on the The MILF-GPH process is a home-grown one, driven Agreement represents a This monitoring mechanism identity and its historical Bangsamoro (FAB) in October 2012 represents by local stakeholders and bilateral mechanisms for became operational in 2004. significant step forward ancestral domain within the a significant step forward in the peace process co-operation among the parties. country. between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) Following a new breakdown in the peace process. In the early days of the process in the late 1990s, and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which in the peace process in 2008, Practically, the Agreement representatives from both parties worked together has been running on and off for more than 15 years. an International Contact Group (ICG) was created to goes some way towards identifying how powers be- without the intervention of any third party facilitation While this is recognised internationally as a historic support and strengthen the peace process. An inde- tween the central Government and the region will be or monitoring. Various components, including achievement, there is more hard work to be done to pendent body composed of both states and inter- divided or, in some cases, shared. It lays out the re- bilateral, multilateral and civil society operations secure the peace. national Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs), sponsibilities the central Government will retain such were progressively put in place by the parties to the ICG sought to help facilitate the peace process as defence and external security as well as foreign Many challenges lie ahead for the parties and the respond to the evolving demands of the peace led by the Malaysian Government, by attending all policy, and goes into some detail on security, wealth- Bangsamoro people in the southern Philippines; the process. The first agreements negotiated between peace talks and frequently shuttling between the sharing, territory and Basic Rights. More details are international community will also need to play its part the two sides, from 1997 to 2001, focused on setting parties when sticking points became an obstacle still to be ratified, however, in the Annexes of the FAB. and stay engaged to help support the Government up joint bodies such as co-ordinating committees to further progress, or at the request of the facilita- and the MILF as they work towards implementing and local monitoring teams focused on preventing Learning from previously failed agreements, the FAB tor to drill down into detailed aspects of the pro- the Agreement. The HD Centre will of course be and resolving incidents on the ground. also recognises the need to eventually address the posed agreement. The body, co-ordinated by the HD there to play its supportive role. manifold issues associated with the multi-layered The MILF-GPH process was also characterized by Centre, is composed of the Governments of Great conflict. These include a multitude of armed groups A home-grown process the heavy involvement of civil society groups, which Britain, Japan, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and and the proliferation of weapons; historical injustice; Looking back at the process which led to the played a critical role from early on. Key groups, Turkey as well as INGOs - Conciliation Resources, a deep lack of trust due to previously failed peace historic signing, perhaps one of its most instrumental such as the Bantay Ceasefire composed of 900 Muhammadiyah and The Asia Foundation. It is one of agreements; disenfranchisement; poor govern- features is the architecture which helped support the volunteers, were instrumental in ensuring monitoring the only hybrid state-NGO facilitation groups directly ance; a breakdown in law and order; poverty; and process leading to the 2012 Framework Agreement. of the process at the local level, through fact finding involved in helping facilitate peace talks.

38 39 a heterogeneous population containing many ethnic the Agreement. Moreover, while the MILF is certainly The HD Centre’s faces and religious groups with varying needs and aspira- the strongest and most legitimate armed political tions. In addition, the Agreement includes provisions group, it is not the only one. Aside from the clans, for joint action by the two parties to control and reduce there are also rival political groups with their own ideo- the proliferation of firearms and disband private armed logical agendas and followers including the MNLF, the Presenting groups as well as undertake the phased decommis- Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and the Abu sioning of the MILF forces. Sayyaf Group among others. The recent incursion in February 2013 into neighbouring Sabah, Malaysia by While the Agreement provides a broad outline which followers of Sultan Kirim (who has made claims on the addresses the key issues in the conflict, perhaps most region) led to the death of up to seventy people and importantly it opens up a space for the people of demonstrated the multitude of new challenges this Mindanao to participate in the process. process could encounter. The Agreement makes provision for a series of popular personalities on a one-on-one basis. Often these Added to this, the autonomous region has been consultations on the FAB and its Annexes, the creation tasks involve shuttling to achieve a certain objec- plagued with corruption, injustice and a barely func- of a local law and of a new form of governance, as well tive, providing advice and comparative knowledge tioning legal system, as well as an inability to respond as a consultation process through a plebiscite on the of peace processes or technical assistance to deal to local needs. The MILF will need to reach out to other Agreement. It is hoped that those measures will infuse with complex political situations. communities in its efforts to improve governance and it with more ownership by the people and ensure the to develop confidence in the process to attract do- laws that implement the FAB reflect the wishes of the mestic, and perhaps even foreign, investment. What is your previous experience in people. Ali Saleem peacemaking? Civil society groups will also need to make significant The challenges ahead efforts to educate the population about the process I have over sixteen years of peacemaking, peace- However, there are still several challenges ahead. and the Agreement, including what it means for the building, conflict resolution, and conflict transfor- There will most probably be legal objections to the people and how they can all work together. Centuries mation experience with the UN [United Nations], Annexes and other provisions that result from the FAB Where are you based? of division among the communities in Mindanao, and international and regional non-governmental or- as such legal challenges have been used successfully I am based in Manila, Philippines. between Mindanao and those in the rest of the coun- ganisations and as an individual consultant. Prior in the past. In addition, there will be political hurdles. try, mean that a complete paradigm shift will be re- to joining the HD Centre, I worked in Bosnia i President Aquino is extremely popular, but cannot run quired in how they view each other. What is your role at the HD Centre? Herzegovina, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Pakistan, again in 2016 and could lose some of his clout as his Switzerland, Nepal, Timor-Leste and many other I am the Senior Program Manager, responsible for term nears its end. In addition, the national polity is still The international community will also need to stay en- places on short term assignments. our presence and activities in the Philippines. rather sceptical of granting more powers to an autono- gaged to help support the two parties as they work mous region that has not been well governed in the towards implementing the Agreement. But they will What inspired you to join the HD Centre? past. As a result of the failure of the 1996 Agreement also need to know when to stay back and let the par- What does this involve on a day-to-day basis? with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), there ties and the people run and own this process. At the I have always believed in seeking non-violent, Everything from complex political and technical is much scepticism surrounding the idea that any new end of the day, it will be the people who will determine peaceful resolutions to difficult political situa- relationships to the design and implementation of agreement with the MILF will produce better results. whether this process succeeds or fails and both par- tions. The HD Centre is a unique organisation our various initiatives and activities. I also provide ties and the international community will need to give which gave me a formal mandate to pursue my The multitude of armed groups may also pose chal- political and technical support to colleagues in the them the power to make it work. commitment. lenges for the implementation of this Agreement. Manila, Sulu and Cotabato offices. There are numerous local clan leaders who frequently David Gorman is the former country representative of In addition to this, supported by a competent team wield enormous political, economic and armed clout. the HD Centre in the Philippines, a position he left in of professionals in the Philippines, I have to perform If these groups feel excluded from the process, they 2012 following his appointment as Regional Director particular tasks to sustain an enabling environ- may find ways to undermine the implementation of for Eurasia. ment for peace processes by engaging parties and

40 41 365 days at the HD Centre

In order to contribute to reducing and resolving armed con- Community of West African States (ECOWAS) flicts, the HD Centre’s mission includes a commitment “to in 2012. Both organisations play an important provide support for the broader mediation and peace- part in the mediation of disputes in Africa and building community”. By promoting the sharing of ex- have been working to develop their capacities pertise and experiences among actors working in to support peace processes. The HD Centre mediation and peacemaking, the HD Centre seeks has worked closely with the AU Commission to to ensure that each new peace process learns from develop Standard Operating Procedures for AU the hard-won lessons of other efforts and can mediation processes and to design a Knowledge benefit from new ideas emerging in the field. Management Framework to help capture, and The HD Centre’s Mediation Support and Policy learn from, the AU’s experiences in peacemaking. (MSP) Programme supports the organisation’s Both the Procedures and the Framework own operational work while also contributing were finalised in 2012 and are currently being to international developments in mediation distributed among AU staff to support their future peacemaking work. The HD Centre also Peace process training course with members of the Kenyan and peacemaking. Internally, it monitors the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 2012. HD Centre’s progress against its strategic developed an AU Handbook on Managing Peace objectives as well as the development Processes which includes multiple chapters and outcomes of its projects. MSP staff on issues such as the inclusion of civil society The HD Centre seeks to also support the HD Centre’s operations and women, ceasefires, confidence-building by providing expertise, research and measures and the implementation of agreements. ensure that each new Supporting other support, as needed. In 2012, this The HD Centre’s collaboration with ECOWAS peace process learns included working closely with the HD focused on supporting the establishment of a mediation and Centre’s Middle East and North Africa Mediation Facilitation Division within the ECOWAS from the hard-won team on a number of issues, including Commission. As part of this collaboration, in the project in Libya as well as providing November, the HD Centre assisted ECOWAS in lessons of other efforts. expertise on peace process design and preparing a workshop to discuss the structure of national dialogue to support the HD the Division. The focus of the MSP Programme As part of its mission to support the work of those Centre’s work in Myanmar. In addition, the in 2012 also included supporting specific involved in peacemaking, the HD Centre also Director of the MSP Programme, Dr Katia governments in the East African region, starting co-hosted the latest edition of the annual Oslo Papagianni, participated in a High-Level with the Kenyan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to Forum retreat with the Royal Norwegian Ministry Expert Panel which held public meetings to enhance their national mediation capacity and of Foreign Affairs in June 2012 (see The Oslo discuss issues such as power-sharing and establish a regional peacebuilding network. Forum sets a new standard). The Oslo Forum re- transitional governance in the Philippines. treats bring together a host of high-level media- In an effort to learn and share experiences with tors and peace process actors from around the In 2012, Dr Papagianni was also seconded other mediation support actors, the HD Centre world to share their experiences and discuss the by the HD Centre to the Office of the United has also been an active member of the Mediation most critical challenges they face in mediation Nations Special Adviser to the Secretary Support Network (MSN) over the last few years. and peacemaking. The 2012 edition focused on General (UN SASG) on Yemen as a National This group of mediation support organisations the theme of “Negotiating through Transition”. One Dialogue expert and accompanied the SASG meets regularly to share experiences and to dis- of the event’s highlights was the opening session on six missions to Yemen. Dr Papagianni worked cuss the latest information about successful me- which brought together the General Secretary of closely with the Yemeni Technical Committee diation and peacemaking techniques. At the 2012 the National League for Democracy in Myanmar, responsible for organising the National Dialogue MSN meeting in Accra, participants discussed Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, and U2 Singer Bono, with Conference to support this significant part of the collective response of member organisations Norwegian Foreign Minister, Jonas Gahr Støre, in Yemen’s political transition. to the UN’s recently published ‘Guidance for a discussion on the role of dialogue in countries in To support the international mediation community more Effective Mediation’, and were briefed on the col- transition. In 2012, MSP staff also seized oppor- widely, the HD Centre’s MSP Programme also continued laboration in the field of conflict management be- tunities to contribute to a number of international to work with the African Union (AU) and the Economic tween ECOWAS and civil society in West Africa. conferences on peacemaking.

42 43 An outside perspective 365 days at the HD Centre

point of view, the Oslo Forum has provided me The HD Centre is supporting us in the process with a platform for improving what I have learned of setting up the Mediation Facilitation Division. Florence over the years. As part of this, a workshop was organised, with the help of the HD Centre, in November 2012 to The Forum is an exceptional platform because it discuss the establishment of the Division. The brings together a great mix of experiences from Iheme Division’s focus, budget and mandate were dis- different conflicts around the world. It is also a cussed between ECOWAS and its partners, in- Acting Director, place where young mediators get to meet much cluding the HD Centre. Early Warning Directorate, more experienced ones. It is rather exceptional ECOWAS Commission from that point of view and should really be supported. In what other ways have you collaborated with the HD Centre? What is the HD Centre doing to help I have also collaborated with the HD Centre on ECOWAS in establishing its Mediation gender-related issues. Currently, not enough Facilitation Division? attention is being paid to the issue of women’s involvement in peace and security and the related ECOWAS has a lot of organs, including its Council UN [United Nations] Resolution 1325. Linked to of the Wise, the Mediation and Security Council, this issue, the HD Centre has set up an Africa and the President’s Special Envoys, which deal ‘Women’s Reference Group’ of which I am a directly or indirectly with issues of preventive di- member and which brings women with mediation plomacy and mediation. ECOWAS’ experience experience together to think of ways in which has also demonstrated the importance of capacity What is the nature of your collaboration with These were the two entry points for our collabora- women’s skills could be used in mediation. This and expertise within the Commission to support the HD Centre? tion with the HD Centre. We, i.e. ECOWAS, are now group offers advice to women in conflict-affected peace processes. collaborating on the establishment of ECOWAS’ countries to help improve their access to peace The nature of our work at the ECOWAS [Economic Mediation Facilitation Division, which will support In 2003, for example, when ECOWAS supported processes in their own context, and helps raise the Community of West African States] Early Warning all aspects of peace processes in the region. Directorate is to monitor the region, based on General Abubakar during the Liberia Peace talks, profile of women who have important experience peace and conflict indicators, in order to identify ECOWAS staff have also been invited by the HD the Peace and Security Department, which was in mediation in the region. quite small, basically had to move to Accra, be- potential conflicts. When signs of conflicts are Centre to the Oslo Forum. I, myself, attended the As mentioned before, I have also participated in cause we needed to accompany the process. identified, policy makers are notified in order to Forum in 2011 and 2012, during which issues of the Oslo Forum. The HD Centre has been placing Subsequently there were improvements in the take appropriate action for their prevention and/or concern to West Africa were discussed. great importance on inviting women with relevant staffing level of the ECOWAS’ Peace and Security mitigation. And part of this action could be media- expertise to its Oslo Forum retreats over the Department. During the Niger mediation, for ex- tion, which links it to the HD Centre’s work. How did you benefit from your participation past few years, as well as organising sessions ample, we were able to second a few peace and in the Oslo Forum? dedicated to gender-specific issues. We have collaborated in the past on two key is- security staff to accompany external consultants sues with the HD Centre: a field study on the im- The Oslo Forum is a gathering of senior and ex- and the Mediator (incidentally General Abubakar In terms of our existing collaboration with the pact of early warning on mediation in Liberia and perienced mediators from around the world and, again) during the mediation efforts. But overall, HD Centre on building the Mediation Facilitation Togo, following which the HD Centre collaborated in that sense, it has provided me with a mentoring as the recent cases have shown, it is really im- Division, I also hope that the HD Centre will be with, and assisted, the Early Warning Directorates platform. Even though I was involved in mediation portant that ECOWAS has the means to support able to help us ensure that the Division has a gen- of both IGAD [Intergovernmental Authority on in the past, for example working as a facilitator in a mediator when s/he is appointed and support der dimension to its work. Specifically, I think that Development] and ECOWAS in discussing areas support of General Abubakar in the Liberia Peace them throughout the process. So the ECOWAS it would be useful to explore additional ways of for greater collaboration around their respective talks in Accra in 2003, I have found that mediation Mediation Facilitation Division was long overdue. better linking the many women who participate early warning and early response mechanisms. skills must be constantly developed. From that in mediation at the local level to the more formal mediation efforts. This new Division should be ex- pected to do that.

44 45 project and helping to enhance our existing regional projects’ gender

The HD Centre’s faces components, to organising regional roundtables and meetings, and keeping track of the budgets. In addition, I carry out my own research through a watching brief on several key events in the region and con- Presenting duct interviews with relevant experts to better understand the historical and political contexts, as well as current angles to expand and develop the HD Centre’s work in Asia.

What is your previous experience in peacemaking? I wasn’t formally in peacemaking circles, but rather I worked in the Singapore Foreign Service. Perhaps you can call that peacemaking in some form. I dealt mainly with bilateral relations between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Singapore, which have traditionally enjoyed very peaceful relations, although this always needs careful and consistent Lira Low repairing and upgrading to keep the relationship nice and polished!

Where are you based? What inspired you to join the HD Centre? Nigerian troops, part of the ECOWAS force to push for emancipation of Northern Mali from Islamists, Jan. 2013. I am based in the HD Centre’s Singapore regional The HD Centre’s Women at the Peace Table pro- office. ject, which combines developing knowledge in What are your aspirations for the ECOWAS this area and building women’s capacities based on our operational work, was inspirational. It was Early Warning Directorate in the coming few What is your role at the HD Centre? years? an attractive goal that appealed to my aspiration of I am a Project Officer working on our gender in con- working in the realm of more active peacemaking We are doing a lot towards strengthening our As the ‘early response’ part of the early warning flict resolution programme (‘Women at the Peace without the formal obligations of diplomatic respon- early warning system. Among other things, we mechanism should include issues of mediation, Table’) as mediation support, and I work on sup- sibilities and advancing the rights and concerns of have been working with our partners to try to we hope that the HD Centre can help ECOWAS porting our regional projects. I am also involved in women in conflict areas. The knowledge that the encourage Member States to have their own early build the capacity of Member States on mediation an assessment of the HD Centre’s exploratory work HD Centre has, and contributes to the interna- warning/early response mechanisms — a result skills. in Asia. tional discourse on Women, Peace and Security of a pilot study of three Member States. We also (WPS), is thoroughly grounded in our work in the just concluded a study of the first 10 years of What does this involve on a day-to-day basis? field, a quality that is unique and sets it apart operation of the ECOWAS regional early warning from other organisations. The HD Centre system and are developing a strategic plan of My daily activities change from day to day. I work was, and still is, a leader in the field of WPS action covering the next 5 to 10 years to implement closely with the two Project Managers, Antonia Potter and mediation, and the dynamic, creative the recommendations which the ECOWAS Prentice (based in Brussels) and Cate Buchanan and effective peacemaking work that Management has approved. (based in Sydney) on the Asia-Pacific side of the the HD Centre is involved in also ap- gender project. My activities may range from helping pealed to my inclination to go down to edit publications that are produced as part of this paths less travelled.

46 47 365 days at the HD Centre

Since it established the “Women at the Peace Table” pro- opposition movement of how women’s rights and gramme in 2009, the HD Centre has been forming net- gender could be considered during the negotia- works among leading women peacemakers and pro- tions which led to the Framework Agreement on ducing analytical guidance related to the increased the Bangsamoro in October 2012. involvement of women in peacemaking, and gender In order to demonstrate how gender considera- content in policies and programmes. This work aims tions can be incorporated into the text of peace to support the implementation of United Nations agreements, in 2012 the Asia “Women at the Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) Peace Table” project published, From clause to which calls on those involved in international effect: including women’s rights and gender in peacemaking to increase the participation of peace agreements. The Philippine Presidential women in peace processes. Adviser on the Peace Process, Teresita Quintos

With networks of women peacemakers in place Deles, provided the foreword. This unique publi- Participants at a regional dialogue roundtable in Nepal discuss in both Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, in cation offers peacemaking communities practi- the role of women in peace processes, March 2012. 2012 the focus of the HD Centre’s programme cal examples they can use to ensure that peace information for organisations involved in the im- shifted to identifying opportunities for women agreements reflect and support the rights of both plementation including the African Union Panel to become actively involved in all stages of men and women. of Eminent African Personalities. The discussions the peacemaking process: from initial dis- The HD Centre has also been have highlighted a lack of cussions through to peace agreements and working on a new way to en- awareness among Kenyan during the important implementation phase. In 2012, the focus Promoting sure women are considered, women of the way the agree- In Africa, the Women’s Reference Group and involved, in the imple- shifted to identifying ments relate to them which network of experienced female mediators mentation of agreements too. is not only a concern in itself, women’s set up by the HD Centre formed a sub- Following the HD Centre’s opportunities for women but also indicates that wom- group to focus on involving women in efforts support for the mediation to become actively en may not currently be able to restore peace in Mali. The Reference process led by Kofi Annan to monitor, or get involved Group advised Malian women on strategies in Kenya in 2008 which re- involved in all stages of in, the implementation of the for getting involved in negotiations and also sulted in the Kenya National agreements. met those involved in mediation efforts Dialogue and Reconciliation the peacemaking process. To ensure the HD Centre to advocate for their involvement. Malian agreements, the organisa- also considers gender and the involvement of women were subsequently invited to attend tion has been working with the African Woman women in its own peacemaking projects, in 2012 an African Union meeting where they were and Child Features Service to facilitate online the “Women at the Peace Table” Asia team pro- formally acknowledged by the Secretary- discussions about how the agreements have af- vided advice to several projects within the organi- General. They also produced a communiqué fected the lives of Kenyan women. These “cyber sation including on how gender could be con- which proposed that the mediation process dialogues” have provided a new way for women’s sidered in the design of peacemaking activities should involve women and take account of views to be considered and have offered valuable in Myanmar. The HD Centre also convened an UNSCR 1325. This communiqué was publicised “Experts Exchange Process Meeting” in Chiang across West Africa and presented to the lead Mai in Thailand to identify how organisations in- mediator who expressed an interest in working volved in supporting peace processes can consi- with the women to incorporate their proposals into der gender issues in their work. Six members of the process. the HD Centre’s staff in Asia were also supported In Asia, as the peace process in the Philippines by ‘gender mentors’ who offered ongoing advice between the Government and the Moro Islamic about incorporating gender concerns into their Liberation Front (MILF) built to a crucial stage, the HD operational work. This pilot scheme has been so Centre worked with a local women’s rights organisation successful that other organisations are now con- – Nisa Ul Haqq Fi Bangsamoro – to support three semi- sidering setting up their own gender mentoring nars. These aimed to raise awareness among those in the process. Participants at a regional dialogue roundtable in Nepal discuss the role of women in peace processes, March 2012.

48 49 365 days at the HD Centre

As an independent mediation organisation, the HD Centre has role of the United Nations HD Centre hosted round- several distinct advantages when it comes to responding High Commissioner for The HD Centre’s table meetings on Somalia, to humanitarian crises, especially those which are linked Refugees. The HD Centre mediation experience South Sudan, Myanmar and to conflict. Its independence gives it the flexibility to act also invited a representative Syria which were chaired quickly and the HD Centre’s mediation experience may from the Myanmar Peace may be very valuable by the Swedish Permanent also be very valuable in helping other humanitarian or- Support Initiative to outline Mission. By literally getting ganisations to negotiate access to people who need its work with refugees and in helping other senior managers around a aid or civilians who are affected by conflict. Equally IDPs in Myanmar’s Kayin humanitarian table to discuss humanita- importantly, by facilitating dialogue between parties State which provided a use- rian concerns in these coun- in armed conflict on humanitarian issues, the HD ful local example. organisations to tries and develop proposals Centre can build confidence and establish con- for addressing them, the HD The HD Centre’s independ- nections which could lead to mediation on a po- negotiate access. Centre hopes to have an im- ence and experience is also litical solution to the conflict. pact on their operations on valuable in facilitating closed-door meetings for the ground and improve humanitarian assistance In Africa, the HD Centre’s Humanitarian representatives from the international community in areas where conflict makes it difficult to access Mediation Programme, headed by Senior on shared humanitarian concerns in particularly communities. The meetings have also helped the Humanitarian Adviser Dennis McNamara, is challenging conflict environments. Since 2011, HD Centre to identify where it could make a valu- working with networks of nomads from all five the organisation has been gathering senior hu- able contribution to humanitarian efforts and the regions of Darfur to identify their humanitarian manitarian and government representatives at its organisation has now established a humanitarian Mediating needs and connect them to humanitarian headquarters in Geneva to discuss humanitarian mediation project in one of the countries and de- institutions that can help. In 2012, the HD crises as they arise, as well as to share opera- veloped its operational work in two of the other Centre arranged four workshops involving tional experience and to develop joint approaches to increase countries concerned following these discussions. representatives from the five networks as well to improving humanitarian access. In 2012, the as those from United Nations (UN) agencies and other relevant organisations. As a result of the HD Centre’s efforts, the five Nomadic Networks are now registered as Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs) with the Federal Humanitarian Aid Commission in Sudan and the UN has undertaken eight projects to address some of the immediate needs of nomadic communities. These include water, health and education projects as well as some which specifically focus on addressing the needs of nomadic women.

Meanwhile, the Programme’s work in Asia has included responding to a request by the Minister of Immigration and Population in Myanmar to convene a discussion on refugees and Internally Displaced People (IDPs). The HD Centre subsequently held a workshop in Napyitaw with representatives from several Ministries within the Myanmar Government as well as the police. At the workshop, the HD Centre focused on Cambodia as a relevant case study and outlined particular issues to consider in relation to refugees and IDPs including the

Humanitarian mediation workshop with Nomad Networks, Darfur, Sudan, April 2012.

50 51 365 days at the HD Centre

Oslo Forum 2012 From clause to effect: Meeting Report including women’s The annual Oslo Forum rights and gender in retreat, which the HD peace agreements Centre co-hosts with the Having recognised the Royal Norwegian Ministry importance of ensuring of Foreign Affairs, brings peace agreements make together high level media- explicit provisions for tors and peace process actors to discuss the both men and women, in latest developments in peace processes around this publication the HD the world. To foster open and candid discus- Centre’s “Women at the sions, the main retreat is not open to the public. Peace Table Asia-Pacific” project offers policy However, each year a report is published to share makers, field practitioners and mediators practical insights from the event with the wider peacema- guidelines for considering and including gender king profession and, in 2012, the opening session in the text of peace agreements. It draws on six – which featured Aung San Suu Kyi and U2 singer peace agreements from the Asia-Pacific region One of the ways the HD Centre contributes Bono – was also broadcast live on the internet: and shows how important and sensitive changes to international debates around mediation http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/ud/lyd_bilde/ to the wording, and references to international Contributing and peacemaking is by documenting its nett-tv-2/oslo-forum---suu-kyi.html?id=685558 norms such as United Nations Security Council own experience and expertise – and that Resolution 1325, could help future peace agree- to international of other peacemakers – in publications. In ments address gender concerns more effectively. 2012, these included a report from the an- nual Oslo Forum gathering of mediators and debate – those involved in peace processes, a guide to help mediators to draft peace agree- Taking Peace into Speaking your language – making ments which are more gender-sensitive and their own Hands HD Centre publications more accessible reflect women’s rights, and a close look at Sharing comparative As an independent mediation organisation based experiences between in Geneva, the HD Centre is very aware of the the way local mediators are trying to address peacemakers in different need to share its expertise, experiences and pub- conflict in the southern Philippines. places is an important lications with as many peacemakers as possible part of the HD Centre’s in the international community. Consequently, work in the Philippines in 2012, all three issues of the HD Centre’s and beyond. This Mediation Practice Series – on external actors in publication focuses on the mediation, engaging with armed groups and ne- efforts of the Tumikang gotiating ceasefires – were translated into French. Sama Sama, a small body of well-respected local To increase access to the organisation’s publi- individuals on the island of Sulu in the southern cations in Asia, the HD Centre’s Peacemaking Philippines who work to mediate peaceful in Asia and the Pacific: Women’s participation, resolutions to conflicts in their own communities. perspectives and priorities publication was trans- The HD Centre has supported the work of the lated into Thai, Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia. Tumikang Sama Sama for several years and this evaluation of their activities aims to offer insights to those in other communities which may be affected The HD Centre’s publications are by conflict. It also features five Tausug women available as free downloads from: mediators and illustrates their commitment to www.hdcentre.org/en/resources/publications/ resolving conflicts in Sulu non-violently.

52 53 365 days at the HD Centre

The role of art in war and peace has been the focus of an exhibition installed at the Villa Plantamour, the HD Centre’s headquarters, in October 2012. The HD Centre is fortu- nate to be able to use the Villa Plantamour in Geneva as its headquarters. This beautiful building on the bank of Lac Léman is loaned to the organisation by the City of Geneva to support the HD Centre’s work as an independent mediation organisation. The Villa is an architectural artwork in its own right, and, since October 2012, its walls have been enhanced by the hanging of artworks by international artists whose work considers how art can support peace. It is the result of a new colla-boration between the HD Centre and an independent Swiss foundation called artasfoundation for peace which was established in Zürich 2011 to explore the relationship between art, con- flict mediation and peacebuilding.

The exhibition is focused on a suite of Building three rooms facing the lake which provide The ‘Art and Peace’ a unique environment for hosting delicate connections discussions between those in conflict. exhibition also reflects The rooms are also made available at no the HD Centre’s interest cost to other humanitarian organisations working in a similar field. As a result, the in fostering peacemaking walls bear witness to many vital discussions which aim to contribute to the resolution of in all its forms. global conflict and the reduction of human suffering around the world. By hanging thought-provoking artworks on its walls, The “Art and Peace” exhibition not only reflects the HD Centre hopes that those working the interest of the artasfoundation organisation in and meeting in the building as well as those exploring the links between art and conflict media- visiting the Villa will become more aware of the tion, it also reflects the HD Centre’s interest in sup- connections between art and peace, and of porting the peacebuilding community, maintaining

the work of international artists in this area. ‘Art and Peace’ exhibition at the HD Centre’s headquarters, good relationships with the local and international Geneva, Oct. 2012. community in Geneva, and fostering peacemaking The “Art and Peace” collaboration was formally in all its forms. Following this first exhibition both launched in October 2012 with a reception at the Reichert from the Executive Board of the artas- organisations plan to continue the collaboration Villa Plantamour and the HD Centre was honoured foundation. The exhibition’s Curator, Catherine with further exhibitions in the future. by the presence of two of the three artists. Sixty David, subsequently introduced the guests to guests came to celebrate this new collaboration, the artists and their work. The eclectic nature of The HD Centre is honoured to be part of this including representatives from the local and interna- the initial “Art and Peace” exhibition reflects the initiative and would like to thank the artasfoundation tional communities in Geneva as well as the Permanent international way in which the HD Centre works for its trust and support in this endeavour. For Missions based in the city. They were welcomed to the and features artworks by Mr Ayaz Jokhio from more information on the artasfoundation, please event by the HD Centre’s Executive Director, Dr David Pakistan, Ms Beatrice Minda from Germany and visit the organisation’s website: Harland, as well as Ms Danielle Nanchen and Ms Dagmar Ms Hajra Waheed from Canada. http://www.artasfoundation.ch/

54 55 Governance Governance and Finances

Mr Jean-Marie Guéhenno - Chairman Mr Guéhenno was elected Chairman of the HD Centre Board at the end of 2010. From March to November 2012, he temporarily stood down from the Board when The HD Centre’s Board brings together leading figures he was appointed Deputy Joint Special Envoy of the United Nations and the in the fields of diplomacy, conflict resolution, international League of Arab States on Syria. He had previously served as the United Nations’ affairs and finance to steer the organisation’s strategy Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations between 2000 and 2008. and oversee its management by the Executive Director Mr Guéhenno is the current Arnold Salzman Professor of Professional Practice and the Senior Management Team. All the Board at Columbia University and a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Members serve on a voluntary basis and meet three Institution. A former French diplomat, he held the position of Chairman of the times a year. The HD Centre’s Board also has two Institut des hautes études de défense nationale between 1998 and 2000, and sub-committees – an Operations Committee as he was a Member of the Cour des Comptes in Paris from 1976 to 2000. Mr well as an Audit and Finance Committee – which Guéhenno is an Officer of the ‘Légion d’honneur’ and a Commander of the focus on the organisation’s projects as well as ‘Bundesverdienstkreuz’. He resumed his role as a Member and Chairman of the its financial controls and also meet three times HD Centre Board in November 2012. a year.

In 2012, the HD Centre welcomed two Ambassador Ellen Margrethe LØj – Vice Chair (as of 2013) new members to its Board: Ambassador Ambassador Løj joined the HD Centre’s Board in 2012 after serving for four Ellen Margrethe Løj in June and Dr Jakob years as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the Kellenberger in November, while two long- United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia. Before that she spent 35 years standing members, Ambassador Jenö in the Danish Foreign Service including serving as Ambassador to the Czech The HD Centre’s Staehelin and Ms Karin Jestin, stood Republic in 2007 and as Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New down from their positions. Formerly Vice- York from 2001 to 2007. While in New York, she represented Denmark on the Chairman, Ambassador Staehelin tempo- United Nations Security Council from 2005 to 2006. During her diplomatic career, rarily led the HD Centre Board between she also served as State Secretary with responsibility for Denmark’s relations March and November 2012 when the with Asia, Africa and Latin America from 1996 to 2001 and as Ambassador to Chairman at the time, Mr Guéhenno, be- Israel from 1989 to 1992. In addition to being on the Board of the HD Centre, Ambassador Løj is also the Chair of the International Board of Directors and came Deputy Joint Special Envoy of the Members Assembly at Plan International. United Nations and the League of Arab States on Syria. Ms Jestin had been both a Member and a former Chairman of the HD Centre Board when she stood down in Mr Jermyn Brooks - Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee Mr Brooks is the former Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer of the November 2012. Ambassador Staehelin and anti-corruption civil society organisation Transparency International. He was on Ms Jestin have contributed enormously to the Transparency International’s Board of Directors from 2003 to 2006 and was organisation over the past six years, supporting elected again for three years in 2011. His main focus is supporting the organi- the HD Centre through its development and pro- sation’s work to improve corporate transparency and integrity. Mr Brooks also viding it with the necessary strategic guidance. chairs the Board of the Global Network Initiative. He is a former worldwide The HD Centre and its staff would like to convey Chairman of Price Waterhouse and took a key role in the merger negotiations their sincere gratitude to both of them for their dedi- which resulted in the company becoming PricewaterhouseCoopers in 1998. cation, contribution, and the time they have devoted Mr Brooks has been a member of the HD Centre’s Board since 2011 and he is to the HD Centre over the last few years. the current Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee which reviews the financial management of the organisation on behalf of the Board.

58 59 Governance and Finances

Mr Vidar Helgesen - Chairman of the Operations Committee Ambassador Raymond Loretan Mr Helgesen has been the Secretary-General of the International Institute for Ambassador Loretan is Chairman of the Board of the Swiss broadcasting corpo- Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) since 2006. He was ration (SRG SSR) as well as a founding partner of the consulting firm Fasel Balet Norway’s Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2005. Between 1998 Loretan Associés. A former Swiss Ambassador and Diplomatic Secretary to the and 2001, he served as a Special Adviser to the President of the International Swiss Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Loretan also worked Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Geneva. He holds a law as personal adviser to the Minister of Defence and of Justice and Police. He degree from the University of Oslo and has practised as an Attorney-at-Law. Mr was Ambassador of Switzerland in Singapore and Consul General in New York, Helgesen has been a Member of the HD Centre’s Board since 2008 and he is and served as Secretary-General of the Swiss Christian Democratic Party from the current Chairman of the Operations Committee which assists the Board in 1993 to 1997. In addition to being a Member of the HD Centre Board since 2011, supervising the organisation’s operational work. Ambassador Loretan is also Chairman of the Genolier Swiss Medical Network Group, as well as a Member of the Boards of several other companies.

Dr Jakob Kellenberger Dr Ghassan Salamé Dr Kellenberger had spent more than a decade as the President of the Dr Salamé is the Dean of the Paris School of International Affairs and Professor of International Committee of the Red Cross when he joined the HD Centre’s Board International Relations at Sciences Po in Paris. Dr Salamé was a Senior Advisor to in 2012. A former State Secretary for Foreign Affairs and Head of the Directorate the United Nations Secretary-General from 2003 to 2006, and Political Advisor to of Political Affairs in the Swiss Foreign Ministry from 1992 to 1999, he has also the United Nations Mission in Iraq in 2003. From 2000 to 2003, he was Lebanon’s served in Swiss embassies in Madrid, Brussels and London. Between 1984 Minister of Culture, as well as Chairman and Spokesman of the Organisation and 1992, he headed up the Office for European Integration, serving first as a Committee for the Arab Summit (March 2002) and of the Francophone Summit Minister and later as an Ambassador with responsibility for relations with the (October 2002) in Beirut. Dr Salamé has been a Member of the HD Centre Board European Union and the European Free Trade Association. Dr Kellenberger since 2011 and presently sits on the Board of various organisations including the holds a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Universities of Basel and Catania. International Crisis Group. He is also the founding Chairman of the Arab Fund for He is an Honorary Counsellor of, and teaches at, the Swiss Federal Institute of Arts and Culture (Beirut). Technology. He also teaches in the Law Faculty at the University of Salamanca in Spain. Dr Kellenberger is an Honorary Member of the American Society of Mr Olivier Steimer International Law, as well as a member of the Advisory Panel for Swiss Re and Mr Steimer has been the Chairman of the Board for the Banque Cantonale Vaudoise of the Council for the Future of Europe. since 2002. He is also the Chairman of the Foundation Board of the Swiss Finance Institute as well as Vice-Chairman of the Bank Council of the Swiss National Bank and of the Swiss Federal Railways. From 1983 to 2002, Mr Steimer held various positions with Credit Suisse Group in domestic and international banking including Ms Irene Khan roles as Head, Geneva Region; Member of the Executive Board, Private Banking Ms Khan is the Director-General of the International Development Law and Financial Services; and Chief Executive Officer, Private Banking International. Organization (IDLO), a position she formally took up on 1 January 2012. An in- Mr Steimer has been a Member of the HD Centre’s Board since 2009 and he is also ternational thought leader on human rights, gender and social justice issues, Ms a Member of the Boards of economiesuisse, Avenir Suisse, ACE Ltd and the Swiss Khan was Secretary General of Amnesty International from 2001 to 2009. Prior Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. to that, she worked for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for 21 years at its headquarters and in various field operations. She was Visiting Professor at the State University of New York Law School (Buffalo) in 2011. Ms Dr Javier Solana - The HD Centre’s Honorary President Khan is Chancellor of Salford University (UK), and a member of the UNAIDS Since 2010, the HD Centre has also been honoured to have Dr Javier Solana as High Level Commission on HIV Prevention. She sits on the Boards of several its Honorary President. Dr Solana is the former Secretary-General of the Council international human rights and development organisations. Ms Khan received of the European Union and former High Representative for the Common Foreign the Sydney Peace Prize in 2006 for her work to end violence against women and Security Policy (1999 to 2009). He was Secretary General of the North Atlantic and girls. Her book, The Unheard Truth: Poverty and Human Rights has been Treaty Organisation (NATO) from 1995 to 1999, and Spain’s Minister for Foreign translated into seven languages. Born in Bangladesh, Ms Khan studied law at the Affairs from 1992 to 1995. Dr Solana is currently President of the ESADE Center University of Manchester and Harvard Law School. for Global Economy and Geopolitics, Distinguished Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, and a Member of the Boards of the International Crisis Group, the European Council on Foreign Relations, and Human Rights Watch.

60 61 Governance and Finances

In 2012, the HD Centre’s work attracted funding from a CHF broad range of governments and organisations, receiving 20,000,000 support from 27 different donors. This breadth of support indicates continued strong interest in the HD Centre’s work and its approach to peacemaking.

Overall levels of funding for the organisation increased 15,000,000 from CHF 16.2 million in 2011 to CHF 19.8 million in 2012. This reflects a growing interest in peaceful conflict resolution enabling the HD Centre to res-

pond quickly to rapid changes in global dynamics 10,000,000 and to develop targeted work in those places where peace is absent, fragile or threatened.

To ensure the most effective use of its resources, the HD Centre continues to monitor 5,000,000 the impact of its work and regularly reviews its regional programmes in order to develop Support effective ways to foster peace.

0 YEAR The strategic division of the increases for 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 HD Centre’s budget The HD Centre’s ability to undertake this the HD Centre range of work across several regions is made possible by the generosity of its donors. During the year, the HD Centre increased the num- The City of Geneva offers significant in-kind sup- The institutional support it receives from ber of donors who provide support for operational port by providing the HD Centre with the Villa donors including the governments of Norway, projects, helping the organisation to move forward Plantamour to use as its headquarters and, most Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands and its efforts to resolve specific conflicts. The HD importantly, as a unique place for parties in con- Denmark, allows the HD Centre to engage Centre continued to receive project support from flict to meet in peace. The Villa’s position, close early in developing crises and respond to the European Union as well as the governments to many other international organisations, also opportunities in an attempt to affect the course of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Ireland, enables it to contribute to, and benefit from, the of long-standing conflicts; oversee the strategic Liechtenstein, Singapore and international peacemaking direction of the organisation; ensure good the United States. The or- To ensure the most aspirations of the city and governance; and provide essential core servi- ganisation also received pro- those working in it. ces. This group of institutional donors expanded ject support from Humanity effective use of its The HD Centre is grateful to to include the United Kingdom in late 2012 and United, the Foundation for the resources, the HD Centre all those who supported its the Adessium Foundation in early 2013. Third Millennium, the Open work in 2012 and continue Society Institute and George In 2012, Switzerland also contributed CHF continues to monitor the to support its development Soros, the Rockefeller 250,000 to the HD Centre’s Consolidation Fund as an independent media- Brothers Fund, and The impact of its work. for the six year operating period from 2012 to 2017. tion organisation. This has Charitable Foundation. In ad- The Consolidation Fund is designed as a multi- enabled the HD Centre to generate ambitious and dition, in 2012, new project support was received donor instrument aimed at enabling the HD Centre positive plans for work in 2013. The organisation from the United Nations as well as the German to respond to unexpected events including reacting continues to seek new supporters, particularly Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations, the Institute rapidly to new peacemaking opportunities and better from the private sector, in order to increase its im- for Inclusive Security, PeaceNexus and the United accommodating donor grant constraints. It is controlled pact on the peaceful prevention and resolution of States Institute of Peace. by the HD Centre’s Board. conflicts through dialogue.

62 63 Photo credits : Page 6: Photo of Mr Jean-Marie Guéhenno – Lars Solberg Page 10: Photo of Dr Javier Solana – Panos/Tim Dirven Page 21: Photos of the signing of the Framework Agreement - OPAPP /Joser Dumbrique Page 21: Photo of signing of the Decision Points on Principles - OPAPP Page 25: Photo of Syria - Reuters/ Khalil Ashawi Page 30: Reuters/Joe Penney Page 34: Reuters/Thomas Mukoya Page 37: Photo of the signing of the FAB – OPAPP/Joser Dumbrique Page 37: Photo of Rohingya - Reuters/Soe Zeya Tun Page 46 : AP Page 49: Thomas Bell Page 51: UNAMID/Albert Gonzalez Farran Page 55: Right handside photo - Artasfoundation Page 59: Photo of Mr Jean-Marie Guéhenno – Lars Solberg Page 59: Photo of Amb. Ellen M. Løj - Plan International Page 59: Photo of Mr Jermyn Brooks - Transparency International Page 60: Photo of Mr Vidar Helgesen - Andrea Liebman/International IDEA Page 60: Photo of Dr Jakob Kellenberger - Thierry Gassmann/ICRC Page 60: Photo of Ms Irene Khan - IDLO Page 61: Photo of Amb. Raymond Loretan – Olivier Maire Page 61: Photo of Mr Olivier Steimer – Clément Rousset/Studio Contraste Page 61: Photo of Dr Javier Solana – Panos/Tim Dirven

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