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International Institute of Humanitarian Law Institut International De Droit Humanitaire INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HUMANITARIAN LAW INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE DROIT HUMANITAIRE ISTITUTO INTERNAZIONALE DI DIRITTO UMANITARIO CURRENT PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW 27th Round Table, Sanremo, 4-6 September 2003 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND OTHER LEGAL REGIMES: INTERPLAY IN SITUATIONS OF VIOLENCE - CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS - ~ PROCEEDINGS ~ 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / REMERCIEMENTS / RINGRAZIAMENTI OFFICE FÉDÉRAL SUISSE DES RÉFUGIÉS UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES DÉPARTEMENT FÉDÉRAL SUISSE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES CANADIAN DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE FONDAZIONE CASSA DI RISPARMIO DI GENOVA E IMPERIA SWEDISH MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS CROIX-ROUGE MONÉGASQUE NORWEGIAN RED CROSS REGIONE LIGURIA 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES / INDICE 27th Round Table 4-6 September 2003, Sanremo Discours de Bienvenue Prof. Jovan PATRNOGIC, Président du IIDH Protection through complementarity of the law Dr. Jacob KELLENBERGER, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross Indirizzo di saluto Dr. Alberto CUTILLO, Primo Consigliere presso la Rappresentanza Permanente d’Italia in Ginevra. International Humanitarian Law & International Disaster Response Law Dr. Bosko JAKOVLJEVIC, Member of the IIHL International Humanitarian Law – International Human Rights Law. Some proposals for improving dissemination Prof. Miodrag STARCEVIC, Member of the IIHL, Serbia and Montenegro Red Cross Society, Senior Adviser on International Humanitarian Law Non-International armed conflict: legal qualifications and Parties to the conflict Dr. Dieter FLECK, Director, International Agreements & Policy, Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany. Member of the IIHL Conflit armé non international: conditions juridiques et parties en conflit Dr. Dieter FLECK (idem) Legal qualification and international humanitarian law as “lex specialis”:10 basic questions concerning international armed conflicts... and answers? Prof. Vitit MUNTARBHORN, Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand 3 The Historical evolution of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law and international criminal law Prof. Michael BOTHE, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Quelle interaction entre l’article 3 commun aux Conventions de Genève, le Protocole Additionnel II et le droit international des droits de l’homme dans des situations de conflit armé non international? Prof. Habib SLIM, Secrétaire Général Adjoint, Croissant-Rouge tunisien International armed conflict: legal qualification and IHL as «lex specialis» - background presentation Prof. Frits KALSHOVEN, University of Leiden Extraterritorial law Self-Help: between pragmatism and legal doctrine Dr. Yuval SHANY, Concord Research Center, Law School, College of Management, Academic Studies Division, Israel Non-international armed conflict: legal qualification and Parties to the conflict Brigadier Titus K. GITHIORA, Chief of Legal Services, Department of Defence, Nairobi, Kenya La relation entre le droit international humanitaire, le droit international des droits de l’homme et le droit international des réfugiés dans les situations de conflit armé Dr. Yves SANDOZ, Member of the IIHL – Member of International Committee of the Red Cross International Humanitarian Law as "lex specialis" Prof. Yoram DINSTEIN, Memebr of the IIHL, Professor of Human Rights, Pro-President, Tel-Aviv University, Israel Conflit armé non international: interaction des différents régimes juridiques Prof. Djamchid MOMTAZ, Member of the IIHL - University of Teheran, Iran Some Considerations Regarding the Law of Armed Conflict and Contemporary Issues Mr. Steven SOLOMON, Deputy Legal Adviser, United States Permanent Mission to the United Nations Office in Geneva Extraterritorial "Self-help" Operations: Meaning and Applicable Law Dr. Avril McDONALD, Head of the Section of International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law, TMC Asser Institute for International Law, The Hague; Managing Editor of the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 4 Présentation des rapports des IIème, IIIème et IVème Séances Dr. François BUGNION, Directeur duDroit et de la coopérain au sein du Mouvememtn au Comité International de la Croix Rouge Rapporteur’s Report of Working Group VI -Detention- Mrs Helen DUFFY, Legal Director, Interights, United Kingdom 5 Welcome Address Jovan PATRNOGIC, Président du IIDH Monsieur le Haut Commissaire des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés Monsieur le Président du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge Messieurs les Représentants des autorités italiennes Excellences Mesdames et Messieurs, Chers amis, Bienvenus à l’Institut International de Droit Humanitaire qui siège depuis 33 ans en Italie, dans cette ville de Sanremo qui a déjà accueilli un grand nombre de personnalités et différentes manifestations culturelles, politiques et humanitaires. Alfred Nobel lui-même, ce grand humaniste suédois a passé la fin de sa vie ici, à Sanremo et il y a laissé son testament humanitaire pour encourager et motiver les savants dans différents domaines scientifiques, et également les combattants pour la paix dans le monde entier. Nous avons créé notre Institut pour contribuer à la promotion, au développement, à la diffusion et à l’enseignement du Droit International Humanitaire, des Droits Fondamentaux de l’Homme et de la protection de Réfugiés. Nous avons déjà à notre actif un grand travail humanitaire avec l’organisation de différents programmes d’enseignement à l’attention des militaires et des fonctionnaires destinés au respect et à l’application du Droit International Humanitaire, des Droits Fondamentaux de l’Homme et du Droit des Réfugiés. Plus de six mille officiers et d’un millier de civils ont d’ailleurs assisté à ces formations pratiques et pragmatiques. Notre plus grand souvenir restera toujours notre contribution à la Conférence Diplomatique sur le Développement et la Réaffirmation du Droit International Humanitaire applicable dans les conflits armés qui a adopté en 1977 les deux Protocoles Additionnels aux quatre Conventions de Genève. Je voudrais juste vous rappeler qu’avec l’accord préliminaire des chefs des délégations nous avons organisé entre les sessions de la Conférence des tables ronde pour réunir les délégués gouvernementaux qui y participaient afin de discuter de manière informelle des questions qui soulevaient des débats dans la Conférence. Le Conseiller Fédéral Suisse Pierre GRABER, alors Président de la Conférence nous a beaucoup aidé pour l’organisation de la première table ronde. Il nous a quitté il y a quelques mois à peine. Je tenais cependant beaucoup à évoquer son nom lors de l’ouverture de cette 27ème table ronde. Les questions humanitaires sont de plus en plus complexes aujourd’hui: les interventions à la fois militaires et humanitaires dans les conflits armés sont de plus en plus courantes, la nécessité de la protection de victimes de violences en temps de conflit armé et en particulier la protection de la population civile et des Réfugiés continue malheureusement à être d’actualité. Tous ces domaines constituent toujours et peut-être même plus qu’avant de véritables défis aussi bien pour les Gouvernements que pour les grandes 6 Organisations Internationales, et en premier lieu les Nations Unies. Enfin la sécurité de individus et de Etats doit être considérée comme la priorité de tous les ordres des jours, qu’ils soient politiques ou humanitaires. Il faut pour cela prendre en compte le rôle et le potentiel humanitaire considérables des organisations et des institutions humanitaires. En outre les développements récents de la guerre contre le terrorisme et les difficultés pour considérer les organisations et groupes terroristes comme des "Parties" seront à l’origine de nouveaux défis d’une grande complexité liée au Droit International Humanitaire, notamment d’un point de vue juridique. Le rôle de notre Institut en tant que forum dédié à l’analyse et à la discussion informelle pourrait là aussi se révéler important. Notre discours humanitaire est resté le même, toujours conforme à ses objectifs : permettre au dialogue de réunir ceux que la politique divise. Nous sommes ici quelques jours pour ouvrir nos pensées et pourquoi pas nos cœurs afin d’engager sincèrement notre débat. La norme impérative des Conventions de Genève de respecter et de faire respecter le Droit Humanitaire doit nous guider. Et vous savez très bien que pour y parvenir, il faut tout d’abord trouver des gens de bonne volonté pour se mettre ensemble, des serviteurs de la cause humanitaire, des gens courageux qui ont travaillé toute leur vie à son service. Nous avons perdu de nombreux combattants de cette cause humanitaire le 19 août dernier. Une violence et un crime bien organisés et bien préparés se sont abattus sur la maison de la paix, celle des Nations Unies qui s’était installée à Bagdad afin d’aider le peuple irakien à établir la Paix et une société démocratique et juste. C’est là que Sergio Vieira de Mello avec ses collaborateurs et ses collaboratrices est tombé en grand serviteur, diplomate et négociateur de la cause humanitaire et des Nations Unies. Je peux évoquer différents moments amicaux, agréables et complices que j’ai pu partager avec cette personne très simple et très naturelle que j’avais rencontré au HCR en 1975 déjà. Sergio a montré un grand intérêt pour notre Institut: il était souvent présent à nos réunions. Il était très intrigué par les activités humanitaires de notre Institut, notamment par notre système de formation des cadres
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