TIME to (DEEP SPACE) CHILL Doing Things Differently Doing Things Melanie Saunders Model
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TIME TO (DEEP SPACE) CHILL Melanie Saunders NASA JSC ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR PHOTO: PHOTO: Doing Things Differently THE AGENCY HAS BEEN GOING THROUGH a period of significant support the mission. Nobody is going to come in and give us more money. change the past few years, and Johnson Space Center has been no If there is more money, it’s going into the mission budget. This is why I exception to that. We are part of new missions, new destinations in the am conducting a zero-base review of CMO this year. We can’t keep doing solar system and new ways of doing business. All our major change what we’ve always done if we want to be successful. And—we want to be initiatives, from JSC 2.0 to the Technical Capability Assessment Team successful. Our missions can’t succeed without us. (TCAT), Strategic Acquisition Forecast Evaluation, Business Service We work at a place where some of our employees don’t work on the Assessment and others have all been designed to move us forward in planet. We work at a place where people buy tickets to come tour. We work doing things differently. You have heard agency leaders, like Acting NASA at a place that makes people associate us with excellence, grace under Administrator Robert Lightfoot, speak about moving to a new operating pressure, courage and imagination, and the boldness to try new things and model. These activities further that goal. solve really hard problems. While there have been significant alterations on the technical side of I don’t want to be the frog that realizes, all too late, that the pot of water the house (TCAT, for example, and Commercial Crew), many of the changes it’s in is starting to boil. Together, let’s plan to figure out how to turn down have been in the mission support portfolio. The changes, while sometimes the heat by doing things differently, and even walking away from some daunting, will enable us to be more effective in advancing human space things altogether. Painful? Yes. Scary? You bet. Necessary? Absolutely. Now? exploration. Later is not an option. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is here at JSC this year I joined NASA because I wanted to be part of building the International for testing. Like Hubble, we know JWST will fundamentally alter our Space Station. I stayed because I want to be part of getting to Mars. If this is understanding of the universe. We just went through a change in what it takes to help get there, I’m all for it. administration, and we should soon have a new NASA administrator. We are breaking records regularly with the International Space Station and working vigorously on Orion, which will take us to different areas of the cosmos and IMAGE OF THE QUARTER require new methods of exploring space. We will have to select and train crews differently. We will need to do mission control differently. We will need to medically support the crew differently. Crew return and postflight activities will, again, be different from what we have been accustomed to in the shuttle and space station eras. What always fascinates me is that we take all of this change in stride. Need to adjust how we do real-time operations? No problem, we’ll get it done. Need to figure out how to train the crew so they can operate more autonomously? We’ll do it. But when it comes to changing how we NASA manage mission support, allocate resources, do hiring or plan Information Technology investments … these changes seem to elicit more conflict, PHOTO: resistance and debate. Why is that? I think it’s because we have internalized and accepted that we need to NASA’s 2017 astronaut candidates stop to take a group change mission preparation for new environments. We understand that photo while getting fitted for flight suits at Ellington Field the environment and thus, the work, will be vastly dissimilar. The proving near NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. ground is different than low-Earth orbit. Mars is an even stranger beast. After receiving a record-breaking number of applications However, the fact remains that we have already been operating in a to join an exciting future of space exploration, NASA has different environment on the mission support side—and for several years. It’s selected its largest astronaut class since 2000. Rising just harder to see. to the top of more than 18,300 applicants, NASA chose We’re all so busy trying to get our work done that we may not have these 12 women and men as the agency’s new astronaut realized how the world has changed around us. The reason things have candidates. Pictured are, front row, left to right, Zena been bumpy is because we haven’t adapted to our new reality. I wish our Cardman, Jasmin Moghbeli, Robb Kulin, Jessica Watkins, Center Management and Operations (CMO) budget was going up. I wish it were even staying flat, because that would be an improvement over Loral O’Hara; back row, left to right, Jonny Kim, Frank what is really going on—cuts each year and sustained loss of buying Rubio, Matthew Dominick, Warren Hoburg, Kayla Barron, power due to inflation and rising personnel costs. Bob Hines and Raja Chari. This is our “new area of the cosmos” in which we need to operate and 2 LYNDON B. JOHNSON SPACE CENTER BY CATHERINE RAGIN WILLIAMS Universe, meet James Webb (the telescope) BEFORE THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE leaves Earth for the outer recesses of the solar system in late 2018, it will get acquainted with deep space first at NASA’s Johnson Space Center—more specifically, in a rotund thermal vacuum chamber affectionately known to most Johnson team members as “Chamber A.” Inside what looks to be a cream-colored soda can of epic proportions will be NASA’s newest space-based observatory. This infrared telescope will, for the next decade, serve thousands of astronomers worldwide and study many phases in the history of our universe. Its sophisticated instruments will decode the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life and the evolution of our own tiny cosmic corner. But before it gets there, it must be tested here. CHRIS GUNN “Once we pump down (the chamber), we’re estimating at NASA/ least a 93-day test if everything PHOTO: goes well,” said Jonathan Homan, Johnson’s project manager for testing the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA Johnson Space Center’s “Chamber A” in Houston Homan estimates that everything will go well—in fact, be is an enormous thermal vacuum testing chamber that successful—thanks to a series of Pathfinder tests that were run in appears to be opening its “mouth” to take in NASA’s the chamber before the actual telescope’s arrival in early May. With James Webb Space Telescope for testing. The telescope the telescope’s engineering unit, the chamber ran three simulations, and the Integrated Science Instrument Module are two of including a thermal Pathfinder evaluation, to help plan out how to the three major elements that comprise the observatory’s integrate the final test of the telescope worth a cool $4 billion. flight system and are being lifted into the chamber in this “It really let us know the predictions thermally and how we can get photo. The other is the Spacecraft Element (spacecraft all the optical tests done correctly,” Homan said. “So it was very, very bus and sunshield), which is currently under construction valuable. All these activities that we’re doing now were practiced with at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems in Redondo the Pathfinder unit.” Beach, California. LYNDON B. JOHNSON SPACE CENTER 3 PHOTO: NASA/DESIREE STOVER It’s springtime and the deployed primary mirror of “Chamber A used to be more lunar, low-Earth-orbit-type testing,” NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope looks like a flower Homan said. “Now we’re doing deep space. We made the modifications in full bloom. In this photo, NASA technicians lifted the from 2009 to 2012 to change the chamber over from the Apollo telescope using a crane and moved it inside a cleanroom requirements to the Webb requirements. Their big things, which were at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, not probably big things on Apollo, are vibration, contamination, a much Maryland. Once launched into space, the Webb colder environment and significantly longer testing.” telescope’s 18-segment gold mirror is specially designed When inside, the telescope will be suspended in the chamber— to capture infrared light from the first galaxies that floating—free from any possible vibrations. Although a stunning formed in the early universe, and will help the telescope starscape backdrop will be missing, bitter temperatures will abound. peer inside dust clouds where stars and planetary “There’s not another facility that can do what this chamber does systems are forming today. now,” Homan noted. “We have become so efficient performance-wise. Thermally, we’ve not just met the requirements, we’ve exceeded those requirements. The chamber actually acts as a cleanroom, because the With the Pathfinder series and following test this summer and fall helium shroud, which needs to be dark (light tight) and cold, allows that will go approximately a hundred days, the chamber replicates clean air to flow from the top to bottom. Now, inside the chamber, we the actual environment the telescope will be exposed to out in L-2, can create the environment of deep space—extremely dark and cold.” or the second Lagrange point.