EBEE3 m 0 ZEE0 m OMEEDD Public Disclosure Authorized El 3 E3 M a El E3 El E X ~~~~~~~M Public Disclosure Authorized a S X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JOINT UNDP/ WORLDBANK ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENTASSISTANCE PROGRAMME (ESMAP) , a f f PURPOSE The Joint UNDP/WorldBank Energy Sector ManagementAssistance Programme (ESMAP) was launchedin 1983 to complementthe EnergyAssessment Programme, establibhed three years earlier. ESMAP'soriginal purpose was to implementkey recommendationsof the EnergyAssessment reports and ensurethat proposedinvestments in the energysector representedthe mostefficient use of scarce domesticand externalresources. In 1990,an intermationalCommission addressed ESMAP's role for the 1990sand, notingthe vital role of adequateand affordableenergy in economicgrowth, concluded that the Programmeshould intensif, its effortsto assist developingcountries to managetheir energy sectors more effectieely. The Commissionalso recommendedthat ESMAPconcentrate on making long-termefforts in a smaller number of countries. The Commission'sreport was endorsedat ESMAP'sNovember 1990 Annual Meeting and promptedan extensivereorganization and reorientation of the Programme.Today, ESMAP is conductingEnergy Assessments, performing preinvestment and prefeasibilitywork, and providinginstitutional and policy advice in selecteddeveloping countries. Through these efforts, ESMAPaims to assist governments,donors, and potential investors in identifying,funding, and implementingeconomically and environmentallysound energy strategies. GOVERNANCEAND OPERATIONS ESMAPis governedby a ConsultativeGroup (ESMAP CG), composedof representativesof the UNDP and WorldBank, the governmentsand institutionsproviding financial support, and representativesof the recipientsof ESMAP'sassistance. The ESMAPCG is chairedby the WorldBank's Vice President, Operationsand Sector Policy, and advisedby a TechnicalAdvisory Group (TAG) of independent energyexperts that reviewsthe Programme'sstrategic agenda, its workprogram, and otherissues. The Managerof ESMAP,who reportsto the WorldBank's Vice President, Operations and SectorPolicy, administerstne Programme. The Manager is assistedby a Secretariat,headed by an Executive Secretary,which supports the ESMAPCG andthe TAGand is responsiblefor relationswith the donors and for securingfunding for the Programme'sactivities. The Managerdirects ESMAP's two Divisions: The Strategyand ProgramsDivision advises on selectionof countriesfor assistance,carries out Energy Assessments,prepares relevant programs of technicalassistance, and supports the Secretariaton funding issues. The OperationsDivision is responsiblefor formulationof subsectoralstrategies, preinvestment work, institutionalstudies, technical assistance, and training within the frameworkof ESMAP'scountry assistanceprograms. FUNDING ESMAPis a cooperativeeffort supportedby the World Bank, UNDP and other United Nations agencies,the EuropeanCommunity, Organization of AmericanStates (OAS), Latin American Energy Organization(OLADE), and countriesincluding Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,Germany, Finland, France, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,New Zealand,Norway, Portugal, Sweden,Switzerland, the UnitedKingdom, and the UnitedStates. FURTHERINFORMATION For furtherinformation or copiesof completedESMAP reports, contact: The Manager or The ExecutiveSecretary ESMAP ESMAPConsultative Group The World Bank The WorldBank 1818H Street N.W. 1818H Street, N.W. Washington,D.C. 20433 Washington,D.C. 20433 U.S.A. U.S.A. TUNISIA POWER EHFICIENCYSTUDY FEBRUARY1992 ESMAPOperations Division TheWorld Bank Washington,D.C. 20433 IThis documenthas restricteddistribution. Its contentsmay not be I disclosedwithout Government, UNDP or World Bank authorization. FOREWORD This study, which was carriedout at the request of the TunisianElectricity and Gas Utility (STEG)in agreementwith the Inustry and EnergyDivision of the Bank's MaghrebDepartment, was seen as a challengefrom the begimring. STEGhas good performancecompared to that of most utilitiesin developin countries,with transmission and distributionlosses of about 13 to 14% compared to 30 to 40% for manyutilities of the same size. In additionto reductionof networklosses, the studyidentifies technical, organizational, and Institutionalchanges that would increase the overall efficiencyof Tunisias power system, and recommendsthe measuresand/or additionalstudies needed to implementthe proposedchanges. This study was financedaccording to a special grant procedure,the "Trust Funds ExtendedAgreement' with the assistanceof Mrs. J. Ferryof the MultilateralAid Divisionof the French ForeignMinistry. The study was carried out within the frameworkof a contractbetween ESMAP and Blectricitdde France (EdF, the Consultant),with the activepat-cipation of a task force composedof representativesof the relevant STEG departments,coordinated by the Planningand GeneralStudies Department,on behalfof STEGManagement. fhe preliminaryreport of the study was examinedat a meetingof STEG's Board of Directorson November6, 1990, and a numberof the recommendations ma4e in the report were adopted. The EdF team memberswere: Messrs.Henri Boyd(project manager), Gerard Aubeat (generadon specialist), Jean-Pau Barret (transmissionspecialist), Jean-FrangoisBruel (computer distributionspecialist), Raymond Sinus (distributionoperation specialist), Marie-Line Marcin (technical distributionspecialist), Olivier Gourlay (customer management specialist), and AlainPolvent (customer managementspecialist). The STEG task force members were: Messrs. HEdi Turki and Hassen Mamud (Planningand peneral StudiesDirectorate), Messrs. MahmoudLakhoua, Mekki Ayed, Chekib Ben Rayana,Lamjpd Fekih, MohamedEl Kamel(Operations Directorate), Messrs. Khaed Hammou,HEdi, Turki, Chedl Jeddi, TaoufikBarbouche, Belgacel:. Ghariani (Distribution Directorate). NoureddineBerrah (Senior Economist and task manager,ESMAP) supervised the project, and wrotethbis report,basing it on the reportssubmitted by the Consultantand on the commentsof the STEGtask foc. F. Jouve (PowerEngineer, ESMAP) contributed extensively to the final preparationof the report ACRONYMSAND ABBREVIATIONS AME Agencede Mattse de l'Energie BCC Bureaucentral de conduite(Distribution Control Center) BDM Bureaudes methodes(Procedures Department) CAO Consumptionascertained during operation CL Core losses COMELEC Comitemaghrdbin de I'electricit6 DD DistributionDirectorate DPWT DEpartementdes techniquesgdn6rales (Technical Facilities Departmet) EdF ElectrlcitEde France GT Gas turbine GTD Gestiontechnique des ouvrages HHV High heatingvalue of fuel HR Heat rate (actual) HV High voltage JL Joulelosses LV Low voltage MSI Mise en serviceindustrielle (Commercial Operation) MV Mediumvoltage NORDEL Nord Electricit6 OBC Optimumbase consumption OD OperationsDirectorate (Direction de l'exploitation) SME Servicedes Mouvementsd'Fnergie ST Steamturbine STEG Socit tunisienned'dlectricitW et du gas (TunisianElectricity and Gas Utility) tan phi Tangentof powerfactor angle UCPTE Unionde coordinationdes producteurset transporteursd'electricitd VHV Very high voltage ELECTRICITYMEASURES GWh Gigawatthour I Joule kcal kilocalory kV kilovolt kVA kdlovoltamperes kW kilowatt Mi megajoule MVA megavoltampere MW megawatt Ti tera joule toe ton of oil equivalent V volt CURRENCYBQUWIALNT 1 US$ z 0.9 TuniianDinar FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December31 TABLEOF CONTENTS SUMMARY......................... i ]INTRODUCTION . 1 OrganizationalStructure of theTunisian Electricity and Gas Utlity. 1 DemandGrowth .. ... 2 StudyObjective and Methodology ............................ 2 LocalParticipation and Skills Transfer ...... 3 ReportOrganization. 4 II. ELECTRICPOWER GENERATION .5 SteamTurbines.... 7 Heatrate monitoring .... 7 Analysisof deviaions.... 9 Settingup efficiencymonitoring in theSTEG plants .... 12 Unavaiabilityrates .... 13 Maintenance. ...................................... 14 Inventorymanagement ................................. 16 CombustionTurbines .................................... 17 Heatrates ......................................... 17 1vfahiteiaiice .... 17 Unavailability. ..................................... 19 HydropowerGeneration ...... ............................ 19 Efficiency/availability. ................................ 19 Maintenance. ...................................... 20 Conclusionsand Recommendations ............................ 20 Short-termrecommendations .............................. 21 Medium-termrecommendations ............................ 21 M]. TRANSA>ON . ........................................24 Simulationof TransmissionNetwork Operations ... ................ 24 ActionsNeeded to ReduceLosses ............................ 26 STEGNetworkControl ................................... 26 Voltagelevels .................... .......................... 26 Compesaion ... 27 Operation ...........................................29 AdditionalActions Needed to ImproveTransmission Network Efficiency .... 30 14~~ ~~~ .~ . .. 3 - T"ifins ...................................., .........32 Iierconviicton .. .... ............. 32 IV. DISMUBTION........... 34 Data Collectionand Loss AssessmentMethod ......... 35 Statusof availabledata .. ....... ...... 36 Recommeniations.... ...... ..... 36 Loss assessmentmethod............ 37 Reductionof MV Nework Losses. 38 Assessmentof MV networklosses. 38 Reductionof MV networklosses. 39 Reductionof LVNetwork Losses .... ... 41 Assessmentof LVnetwork losses. 41 Reductionof LVnetwork losses