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Acta entomologica serbica, 2019, 24(2): 11-41 UDC: 595.783(4) 595.783-169(4) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3529669

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME EUROPEAN BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THEIR NON-ADULT STAGES PRESENTED THROUGH TROPHIC ASSOCIATIONS AND A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEIR PARASITOIDS

VLADIMIR ŽIKIĆ1*, RUDOLF RITT2, MARCO COLACCI3, BOŽENKA HRIC4, SAŠA S. STANKOVIĆ1, MARIJANA ILIĆ MILOŠEVIĆ1, MAJA LAZAREVIĆ1, KATARINA KOS5, DAWID MARCZAK6, YERAY MONASTERIO LEÓN7, MIHAILO VUJIĆ8, ROMAN MAGLIĆ9 and JOSEF DE FREINA10

1 Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author)

2 Sonneneck 7, 94051 Hauzenberg,

3 Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso,

4 Jovana Popovića 72, 22300 , Serbia

5 Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1111 Ljubljana,

6 Faculty of Engineering and Management, University of Ecology and Management in Warsaw, 12 Olszewska Street, 00-792 Warsaw,

7 Asociación Española para la Protección de las Mariposas y su Medio (Zerynthia) Madre de Dios, 14-7D. 26004 Logroño, La Rioja,

8 Bulevar Revolucije 33, 11224 Vrčin, Serbia

9 Krležina 31, 52100 Pula,

10 Museum Witt, Tengstraße 33, 81541 Munchen, Germany

Abstract

We examined 638 Lepidoptera specimens on the territories of 13 European countries in our search for parasitoids. We collected eggs, larvae and pupae. In total, 251 Lepidoptera were identified, belonging to 169 genera from 30 families. Of the total sample, approximately one-third (32.23%) were parasitized. In 168 samples (26.42%), we identified only one parasitoid species per host. In addition to these data, 224 species from 114 genera were identified, of which the vast majority were feeding . 12 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

KEY WORDS: diversity, Lepidoptera, eggs, caterpillars, pupae, feeding plants, parasitoids

Introduction

There are approximately 157,761 lepidopteran species described in world fauna and they are classified into 131 families (Goldstein, 2017). According to the online data base Lepiforum (http://www.lepiforum.de), 10,543 species from 27 families are found in . Although there are some studies regarding the diversity and spatial distribution of certain Lepidoptera species that are recorded as being present in a particular territory, there are errors. Some species were only occasionally found in the studied fauna although they do not actually develop in the specified area, regardless of the presence of host plants for their larvae or limiting climatic conditions. Such cases usually suggest that the species have been wrongly identified but could also be a result of the introduction of carried by the wind or through various human activities, such as transportation. One such example is the pine processionary , Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (), which was reported in central Serbia after the collection of several adults in light traps (Glavendekić, 2010; Glavendekić & Mihajlović, 2012). After that, the pine processionary moth was not recorded either by checking typically made caterpillar nests or by setting pheromone traps during 2016- 2018 (personal work). Previous incidental findings leave the possibility that adults may have been transferred by wind to another territory. The second case was a single adult specimen of Utetheisa pulchella (L.) (), collected with a light trap in the north of Serbia (Vajgand, 2012). Another good example is Polyommatus escheri Hübner, which was recorded in Serbia in various places far from its host plant (Popović & Verovnik, 2018).

The intention of the authors was to present an assemblage of numerous data on caterpillar samples collected on feeding plants. Originally, caterpillars were collected for rearing in laboratories in order to obtain parasitoids for trophic-chain investigations. We believe that the material is worth sharing with the scientific community, as it was collected over a period of 30 years and contains a vast amount of data on caterpillars, their feeding plants, as well as their parasitoids. Such a massive exploration of non-adult diversity in the field has never been published before, especially for the eastern European region.

Materials and Methods

Different stages of Lepidoptera, mainly larvae, were sampled together with their feeding plants. Some of the plants were herbarized and identified by a botanist, while the remainder was used to feed the caterpillars. Sampling was carried out in 13 European countries, predominantly in eastern Europe (Fig. 1). The material was collected over a period of 30 years, from 1989 to 2019. For most of the individuals, photographs were taken and sent to experts for identification. A large number of caterpillars, as well as eggs and chrysalides, were grown in laboratory conditions, anticipating parasitoids in the case they were previously parasitized, or until death of the caterpillars or the emergence of lepidopteran imagoes. In these cases, we provided data on whether the individuals were parasitized, and the number of parasitoid species that emerged from them. Abbreviations of legators: AN = A. Nahirnić, AP = A. Petrović, BH = B. Hric, DD = D. Djordjević, DM = D. Marczak, H-PT = H-P. Tschorsnig, KK = K. Kos, ML = M. Lazarević, MIM = M. Ilić Milošević, MR = M. Ristić, NK = N. Kavallieratos, NKD = N. Kisić Dedić, NV = N. Veljković, OMI = Óscar Moreno Iriondo, PJ = P. Jakšić, SS = S. Stanković, SST = S. Stevčić, ŠM = Š. Modic,VŽ = V. Žikić, YML = Y. M. León, ŽT = Ž. Tomanović, [only initials: JF, ŽP, LV, LM, MK, AH, GU, JR, ST, TB, MV].

Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 13

Results

The largest number of specimens is from Serbia (467), followed by samples from (47), Slovenia (47), Montenegro (37), Poland (14), Spain (9), (5), Croatia (4), (4), with one specimen each from , Italy, and UK (Table A1, Fig. 1). Summarizing all the findings, the total number of examined samples was 638. The number of registered lepidopterans was 251 species belonging to 169 genera from 30 families. We identified 224 plant species from 114 genera, of which the vast majority were feeding plants. Cases where caterpillars were found on plants that are not recorded in their diet menu are marked with an asterisk (*) in Table A1. The number of plant families was 47. Most of the samples were collected from plants of the family (134) with 14 genera and 33 species, followed by the family with 8 genera and 13 species and the Fabaceae family with 12 genera and 20 species.

Figure 1. Number of samples collected per country.

Eighty-six lepidopteran species were not found on feeding plants but on the ground or on bark, such as Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Thalpophila matura (Hufnagel, 1766), in beehives – Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758), as well as in stored products and grains – Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813). The vast majority of caterpillars were found as mature larvae in their final (L5) instar. In some cases, for the same species, all larval instars (L1-L5) and even pupae, were found, e.g., Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758), Malacosoma neustria (Linnaeus, 1758), pavoniella (Scopoli, 1763), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), or all four species from the Yponomeuta.

14 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Figure 2. Number of parasitoid species collected per host displayed in percentage.

About two-thirds of the analyzed samples (67.77%) were either not parasitized or the hosts died before the parasitoids could leave their bodies (Fig. 2). In 205 cases, the larval or other stages were parasitized. The number in the last column in Table A1 shows the exact number of parasitoid species recorded, including primary and secondary parasitoids. This information refers to both hymenopteran (various superfamilies and families) and dipteran (fam. ) species. For the vast majority of hosts (26.42%; 168 samples) we registered only one parasitoid species per host, or 2 parasitoids per host (3.77%; 24 samples). In 6 cases we found 3 different parasitoid species, such as in Pleuroptya ruralis (Scopoli, 1763), a species frequently found on common nettle. In the case of Yponomeuta cagnagella (Hübner, 1813), we identified 4 parasitoid species and 5 per the following lepidopterans: Heterogynis zikici de Freina 2018; Y. malinellus (Zeller, 1838) and Y. padella (Linnaeus 1758). The olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) was found to be parasitized with 6 parasitoid species. The most parasitoid species (8) were found in Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus 1758).

Discussion

Although most of the Lepidoptera samples were collected primarily in the search for their parasitoids, we used the opportunity to contribute to the knowledge about and moth fauna for the investigated territories. There is a strong need to collect precise data on lepidopterans in their immature stages, since this contributes to an understanding of their ecology and can help in removing these species from the checklist of a region in which they do not breed, i.e., they are not native on the investigated territory. Following new trends in systematics and phylogeny, we tried to present as accurately as possible the systematics of Lepidoptera we analyzed and commented on. Nowadays the availability of molecular analyses, and in particular the use of the barcoding sequence of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI), sheds new light on , Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 15 resulting in changes in the taxonomic status and/or names of many taxa. These changes elucidate trophic associations, the number of host plants per lepidopteran species and also the parasitoid spectrum.

In analyzing Table A1, it is noticeable that the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar and the lackey moth Malacosoma neustria occur in outbreaks. In Serbia, an outbreak of the gypsy moth occurred in 2013 and in Greece in 2016. An outbreak of the lackey moth was registered in the territory of Greece in 2016, where it was in direct competition with the gypsy moth (Žikić et al., 2017).

We wish to point out that in addition to the 638 samples and 251 lepidopteran species presented here, we also collected and photographed more than 400 individuals that are as yet unidentified (currently identified to the family level). A large number of unidentified caterpillars belong to the group of “Microlepidoptera”, in particular, twirler (Gelechiidae), blotch leaf miner moths (Gracillariidae), diamond-back moths (Plutellidae) and many more. We hope that once they are identified by experts, data will be published in forthcoming papers. For future studies, it may also be important to resolve whether unknown host plants recorded for some lepidopterans are new in their diet, and if not, provide definitive confirmation of accidental finding.

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Bojan Zlatković and Vladimir Randjelović (University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia) for the identification of fresh and herbarized plant material. A large portion of the caterpillars were identified by Kjeld Brem Sørensen (Grenaa, ). We would also like to express our gratitude to colleagues Pasquale Trematerra (University of Molise, Italy), Andjeljko Petrović (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia), Špela Modic (University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and Óscar Moreno Iriondo and Arturo Iglesias Baquero from Spain for providing us with samples. English proofreading by Adonis Mylonopoulos. This investigation is partly supported by the grant III43001 of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia.

References

Glavendekić, M. (2010). Expansion of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. (Lepidoptera Thaumetopoeidae) an urticating pest with regard to climate change in Serbia and Montenegro. In International scientific conference on forest ecosystems and climate changes, 9–10 March 2010 (p. 133). Belgrade: Institute of Forestry (Abstract). Glavendekić, M., & Mihajlović, L. (2012). Distribution of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) regarding to climate change in Serbia. In V. Nadykta & V. Ismailov (Eds.), Biological plant protection as the basis for agroecosystem stabilization (pp. 7, 57–60). Krasnodar. Goldstein, P. Z. (2017). Diversity and significance of Lepidoptera: a phylogenetic perspective. Biodiversity: Science and Society, 1(2), 463-495. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch13 Popović, M., & Verovnik, R. (2018). Revised checklist of the of Serbia (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Zootaxa, 4438(3), 501-527. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.5 Vajgand, D. (2017). Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758) (; Erebidae) a new moth species in Serbia. XI Symposium of Entomologists of Serbia 17-21.IX.2017 (p. 77). Goč, Serbia. [in Serbian]. Volter, L., & Kenis, M. (2006). Parasitoid complex and parasitism rates of the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the , and Slovenia. European Journal of Entomology, 103(2), 365-370. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2006.049 Žikić, V., Stanković, S. S., Kavallieratos, N. G., Athanassiou, C., Georgiou, P., Tschorsnig, H. P., & van Achterberg, C. (2017). Parasitoids associated with Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Malacosoma neustria 16 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

(Lepidoptera: ) in Greece and comparative analysis of their parasitoid spectrums in Europe. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 270, 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2017.10.006 Internet source: Lepiforum: Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien http://www.lepiforum.de. [Accessed on 31.08.2019].

ДИСТРИБУЦИЈА НЕКИХ ЕВРОПСКИХ LEPIDOPTERA НА ОСНОВУ ПРОНАЛАСКА НЕАДУЛТНИХ СТАДИЈУМА ПРЕДСТАВЉЕНА ПРЕКО ТРОФИЧКИХ АСОЦИЈАЦИЈА И КВАНТИТАТИВНА АНАЛИЗА ЊИХОВИХ ПАРАЗИТОИДА

ВЛАДИМИР ЖИКИЋ, РУДОЛФ РИТ, МАРКО КОЛАЋИ, БОЖЕНКА ХРИЦ, САША С. СТАНКОВИЋ, МАРИЈАНА ИЛИЋ МИЛОШЕВИЋ, МАЈА ЛАЗАРЕВИЋ, КАТАРИНА КОС, ДАВИД МАРЧАК, ЂЕРАЈ МОНАСТЕРИО ЛЕОН, МИХАИЛО ВУЈИЋ, РОМАН МАГЛИЋ и ЈОСЕФ ДЕ ФРЕИНА

Извод

Истражили смо 638 узорака Lepidoptera у потрази за паразитоидима на територији 13 европских земаља. Сакупљали смо јаја, ларве и лутке. Идентификована је укупно 251 врста лептира из 169 родова и 30 фамилија. Од укупног узорка, 32,23% узорака је било паразитирано, што је приближно једна трећина. У 168 узорака (26,42%) идентификовали смо једну врсту паразитоида по домаћину. Такође, 224 врсте биљака из 114 родова је идентификовано од тога већина хранитељки.

Received: September 10th, 2019 Accepted: November 1st, 2019 Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 17

Appendix

Table A1. List of lepidopteran and host plants specimens. Abbreviations for stage / larval instar from which the parasitoid emerged: O – egg stage; L – larval stage; P – pupal stage, A – adult stage; (1-5) – larval instars; * – uncertain host plant.

Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food No Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index family food family species sp. Anthophila fabriciana SERBIA, Niš, Brzi brod, Choreutidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 18.10.2018, SST Choreutis nemorana GREECE, Pelion mt., 10.08.2017, Choreutidae Moraceae Ficus carica L4-5 2 (Hübner, 1799) VŽ Choreutis nemorana SERBIA, Knjaževac 25.09.2018, Choreutidae Moraceae Ficus carica P - (Hübner, 1799) VŽ Coleophora vibicella Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Sićevačka (gorge), Coleophoridae Fabaceae L5 1 (Hübner, 1813) heuffelii Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Cydalima perspectalis Buxus GREECE, Pelion mt., 10.08.2017, Crambidae Buxaceae L4-5 - (Walker, 1859) sempervirens VŽ Cydalima perspectalis Buxus SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Crambidae Buxaceae L4-5, P - (Walker, 1859) sempervirens 21.04.2018, VŽ Cydalima perspectalis Buxus SERBIA, Niš, , Crambidae Buxaceae L1-5 - (Walker, 1859) sempervirens 13.09.2016, VŽ Cydalima perspectalis Buxus SERBIA, Niš, , 12.07.2016, Crambidae Buxaceae L1-5 - (Walker, 1859) sempervirens VŽ Cydalima perspectalis Buxus SERBIA, Niš, , Crambidae Buxaceae L1-5 - (Walker, 1859) sempervirens 10.07.2017, VŽ Ostrinia nubilalis SLOVENIA, Jablje, 03.09.2011, JR Crambidae Zea mays L5 1 (Hübner, 1796) & ŠM Ostrinia nubilalis SLOVENIA, Rakičan, 21.09.2012, Crambidae Poaceae Zea mays L5 1 (Hübner, 1796) AH & GU Pleuroptya ruralis POLAND, Kampinos National Crambidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 1 (Scopoli, 1763) Park, 06.06.2018, VŽ Pleuroptya ruralis SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura Crambidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4-5 3 (Scopoli, 1763) (gorge), 14.05.2013, VŽ Pleuroptya ruralis SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Crambidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 1 (Scopoli, 1763) 04.05.2017, SS Pleuroptya ruralis SERBIA, Radan mt., 10.06.2017, Crambidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 2 (Scopoli, 1763) VŽ Pleuroptya ruralis SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Crambidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 3 (Scopoli, 1763) Ostrovica, 10.05.2016, SS Agonopterix ocellana MONTENEGRO, Plavsko jezero, Salicaceae L5 - (Fabricius, 1775) Gusinje, 12.07.2013, VŽ chaerophylli MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Depressariidae Apiaceae L3 - Zeller, 1839 bulbosum 13.07.2013, VŽ Asphalia ruficollis (Denis SERBIA, , Iustiniana Prima, Fagaceae Quercus cerris L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 01.05.2017, VŽ Amata phegea SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Erebidae Asteraceae Crepis foetida* L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.05.2017, VŽ Amata phegea SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Plantaginaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) lanceolatum (gorge), 13.04.2014, VŽ Amata phegea SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae Poaceae Poa pratensis L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.04.2014, VŽ spectrum MONTENEGRO, Budva, Erebidae Fabaceae Spartium junceum L5 2 (Esper, 1787) 25.05.2010., VŽ Apopestes spectrum MONTENEGRO, Bečići, Erebidae Fabaceae Spartium junceum L5 - (Esper, 1787) 18.05.2011, VŽ

18 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food No Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index family food family species sp. Arctia caja (Linnaeus, CROATIA, Plitvice (lake), Erebidae / / L4 - 1758) 29.06.2015, VŽ Arctia caja (Linnaeus, MONTENEGRO, Durmitor, Mali Erebidae / / L5 - 1758) Međed, 09.07.2013, VŽ Arctia caja (Linnaeus, POLAND, Kampinos National Erebidae / / L5 - 1758) Park, 06.06.2018, VŽ Arctia caja (Linnaeus, Hieracium SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Erebidae Asteraceae L5 - 1758) pilosella* 05.07.2010, VŽ Arctia caja (Linnaeus, MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Erebidae Asteraceae L5 1 1758) officinale* m, 13.07.2013, VŽ Arctia villica (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae / / L5 - 1758) 06.05.2015, VŽ Arctia villica (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae / / L5 - 1758) 15.05.2014, VŽ Arctornis l-nigrum Lonicera SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Erebidae Caprifoliaceae L5 - (Müller, 1764) caprifolium 04.05.2017, SS Calliteara pudibunda SERBIA, , 05.10.2018, Erebidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Calyptra thalictri Thalictrum SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac, Erebidae Ranunculaceae L5 - (Borkhausen, 1790) aquilegifolium 27.06.2013, VŽ Calyptra thalictri SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Ranunculaceae Thalictrum minus L5 1 (Borkhausen, 1790) (gorge), 31.05.2016, VŽ Calyptra thalictri SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Ranunculaceae Thalictrum minus L5 - (Borkhausen, 1790) 16.06.2009, VŽ Coleophora vibicella Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Fabaceae L5 2 (Hübner, 1813) heuffelii 17.06.2013, VŽ Coscinia striata SERBIA, Niš, Kamenički vis, Erebidae / / L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 02.05.2017, VŽ Coscinia striata SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae / / L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.05.2018, VŽ Coscinia striata SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Poaceae Festuca sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.06.2013, VŽ Diacrisia purpurata Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Fabaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) heuffelii 08.06.2014, VŽ Diacrisia sannio SERBIA, Zlatibor, Čavlovac, Erebidae / / L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 28.06.2018, ML Diaphora mendica SERBIA, Niš Gornji Matejevac Erebidae Polygonaceae sp. L5 - (Clerck, 1759) 21.05.2017, SS fascelina Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Fabaceae L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) heuffelii 26.05.2016, VŽ MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L3-4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 16.06.2013, VŽ punctata Spain, León, Valdeón, 1260m, Erebidae Asteraceae Taraxacum sp. L5 1 (Fabricius, 1781) 07.08.2018, YML Eilema complana MONTENEGRO, Durmitor, Erebidae / / L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Pištavine, 09.07.2013, VŽ Eilema complana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Erebidae Ulmaceae Ulmus carpinifolia L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2013, VŽ Euplagia SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae quadripunctaria (Poda, Boraginaceae Anchusa officinalis L4 - (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ 1761) Euproctis similis POLAND, Kampinos National Erebidae / / L5 1 (Füssli, 1775) Park, Truskaw, 21.06.2018, DM

Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 19

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food No Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index family food family species sp. Euproctis similis SERBIA, Niš, Stevan Sinđelić, Erebidae Rosaceae Rosa x hybrida L5 1 (Füssli, 1775) 02.09.2013, VŽ Euproctis similis MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Füssli, 1775) 11.07.2013, VŽ Laspeyresia servillana SLOVENIA, Vipava, Dragonja, Erebidae Salicaceae Salix alba L4-5 - (Duponchel, 1836) 1989, JF Laspeyresia servillana Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea SLOVENIA, Horjul, 1989, JF L4-5 - (Duponchel, 1836) Laspeyresia servillana SLOVENIA, Polhov Gradec, 1989, Erebidae Salicaceae Salix purpurea L4-5 - (Duponchel, 1836) JF Leucoma salicis SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.06.2016, VŽ Leucoma salicis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 08.06.2014, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria L3-5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Anacardiaceae L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) terebinthus 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Cistaceae Cistus creticus L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Corylaceae Carpinus sp. L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 12.05.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Tara, Derventa Erebidae Corylaceae Ostrya carpinifolia L3-4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.06.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Tara, Derventa Erebidae Corylaceae Ostrya carpinifolia L3-4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.06.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Corylaceae Ostrya carpinifolia L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar Erebidae Corylaceae Ostrya carpinifolia SERBIA, Tara mt., 25.06.2016, VŽ L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Ericaceae L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) andrachne 07.05.2016, SS Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Ericaceae Arbutus unedo L3-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Fagaceae Quercus coccifera L3-5 3 (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Erebidae Fagaceae Quercus coccifera L3-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Erebidae Fagaceae Quercus ilex L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Lymantria dispar Quercus GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Erebidae Fagaceae L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) pubescens VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, , Bovansko Erebidae Fagaceae L3-4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) jezero (lake) 10.05.2005, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Oleaceae ornus* L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Oleaceae Phillyrea latifolia L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Pinaceae Pinus halepensis L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Rhamnaceae L3-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) alaternus 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura Erebidae Rosaceae L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna 15.05.2013, VŽ 20 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food No Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index family food family species sp. Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Lebane, Konjino Erebidae Rosaceae domestica L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.05.2012, SS Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sokobanja, Bovansko Erebidae Rosaceae Malus domestica L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) jezero (lake) 14.06.2008, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Rosaceae Pyrus spinosa L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Rosaceae hirtus L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Salicaceae alba L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 12.05.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura (gorge) Erebidae Salicaceae Populus nigra L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.05.2014, VŽ Lymantria dispar MONTENEGRO, Pištaline, Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L4 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.07.2013, VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Ulmaceae Ulmus canescens L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 12.05.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Erebidae Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 12.05.2013., VŽ Lymantria dispar POLAND, Kampinos National Erebidae Viburnaceae Viburnum opulus L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Park, 06.06.2018, VŽ Ocneria terebinthi Pistacia GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Erebidae Anacardiaceae L5 - (Freyer, 1838) terebinthus 07.05.2016, VŽ baetica Spain, Jaen, Las Lagunillas, Erebidae Malvaceae sylvestris L5 1 (Rambur, 1836) 04.03.2005, YML Orgyia antiqua MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Erebidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m. a.s.l., 13.07.2013, VŽ Penthophera morio SERBIA, Prokuplje, Gornja Erebidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) Konjuša 01.05.2016 MR Penthophera morio SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae / / L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 22.05.2016, VŽ Penthophera morio Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Fabaceae L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) heuffelii* 16.06.2013, VŽ Penthophera morio SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae Poaceae / L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 01.05.2018, VŽ Penthophera morio SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Poaceae / L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) 27.05.2018, VŽ Penthophera morio SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae Poaceae Lolium perene L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 01.05.2016, VŽ Penthophera morio SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Erebidae Poaceae Poa pratensis L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 14.04.2017, VŽ Phragmatobia SERBIA, Niš, Matejevac, Erebidae fuliginosa (Linnaeus, / / L5 - 18.10.2018, VŽ 1758) Rhyparia purpurata SERBIA, Kruševac, Donji Stepoš, Erebidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.05.2016, ML Rhyparia purpurata Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae Fabaceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) heuffelii 27.05.2018, VŽ roscida (Denis MONTENEGRO, Pištaline Erebidae & Schiffermüller, / / L5 - 09.07.2013, VŽ 1775) (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Erebidae / / L5 - 1758) 27.05.2018, VŽ

Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 21

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Spirisstriata (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Erebidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L4 - 1758) 01.05.2017, VŽ Agriopis aurantiaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Cornaceae mas L5 - (Hübner, 1799) 04.05.2017, SS Agriopis bajaria (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera nigra L4-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 14.05.2017, VŽ Agriopis bajaria (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Cornaceae Cornus mas L3-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 04.05.2017, SS Agriopis bajaria (Denis SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Geometridae Rosaceae spinosa L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 21.04.2018, VŽ Agriopis bajaria (Denis Acer SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Geometridae Sapindaceae L3-4 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) monspessulanum 10.05.2015, VŽ Agriopis leucophaearia SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Fagaceae Quercus cerris L3-5 - 01.05.2017, VŽ 1775) Agriopis marginaria SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L4 - (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ 1775) aceraria SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L5 - 20.05.2017, VŽ 1775) Lonicera SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Caprifoliaceae L4-5 - caprifolium 04.05.2017, SS 1775) Alsophila aescularia SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Fagaceae Quercus cerris L4-5 - 01.05.2017, VŽ 1775) Alsophila aescularia SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rosaceae L5 - 10.05.2015, VŽ 1775) Alsophila aescularia Acer SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae L5 - monspessulanum (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ 1775) derivata (Denis MONTENEGRO, Gusinje, Geometridae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L4-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 12.07.2013, VŽ Anticlea derivata (Denis MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Geometridae Rosaceae Rosa tomentosa L4 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) m, 13.07.2013, VŽ evonymaria Euonymus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Celastraceae L5 - europaeus (gorge), Sićevo, 01.05.2015, VŽ 1775) Biston betularia MONTENEGRO, Tara canyon, Geometridae Betulaceae L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Tepce, 13.07.2013, VŽ Biston strataria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae / / L5 - (Hufnagel, 1767) 11.05.2014, VŽ Colotois pennaria Pistacia GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Geometridae Anacardiaceae L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) terebinthus 07.05.2016, VŽ Colotois pennaria Lonicera SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Caprifoliaceae L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) caprifolium 04.05.2017, SS Colotois pennaria Lonicera SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Caprifoliaceae L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) caprifolium 04.05.2017, SS Colotois pennaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Cornaceae Cornus mas L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) 04.05.2017, SS Colotois pennaria SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Geometridae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1761) 23.04.2018, SST & VŽ

22 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Colotois pennaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Juglandaceae regia L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) 04.05.2017, SS & VŽ Colotois pennaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Oleaceae L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) 13.05.2015, VŽ Colotois pennaria Crataegus SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Geometridae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) monogyna 21.04.2018, VŽ Colotois pennaria SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Geometridae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1761) 20.05.2017, VŽ Cyclophora punctaria POLAND, Kampinos National Geometridae Fagaceae Quercus robur L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Park, 06.06.2018, SS badiata SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Oleaceae Fraxinus ornus L5 - 20.05.2015, ML 1775) Ectropis crepuscularia POLAND, Kampinos National Geometridae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rhamnaceae Frangula alnus L3, L5 - Park, 06.06.2018, VŽ 1775) Ennomos quercinaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Corylaceae Carpinus orientalis L4-5 - (Hufnagel, 1767) 24.05.2016, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Geometridae / / L4-5 - (Clerck, 1759) 14.04.2017, VŽ Erannis defoliaria MONTENEGRO, Plavsko jezero, Geometridae / Poaceae* L5 - (Clerck, 1759) Gusinje, 12.07.2013, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Cornaceae Cornus mas L3-5 - (Clerck, 1759) 04.05.2017, SS Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Corylaceae Carpinus orientalis L3-5 - (Clerck, 1759) 20.05.2015, ML Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae Corylaceae L4-5 - (Clerck, 1759) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Geometridae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L3-5 1 (Clerck, 1759) 23.04.2018, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Juglandaceae Juglans regia L3-5 - (Clerck, 1759) 04.05.2017, SS Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Geometridae Malvaceae Tilia cordata L5 - (Clerck, 1759) 04.05.2017, VŽ Erannis defoliaria Crataegus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Geometridae Rosaceae L3 - (Clerck, 1759) monogyna 19.04.2018, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Radan mt. 10.05.2018, Geometridae Rosaceae Prunus avium L4 - (Clerck, 1759) VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Geometridae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L3-4 - (Clerck, 1759) 21.04.2018, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Geometridae Rosaceae L3-5 1 (Clerck, 1759) 23.04.2018, VŽ Erannis defoliaria Acer SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Geometridae Sapindaceae L3-5 - (Clerck, 1759) monspessulanum 12.05.2015, VŽ Erannis defoliaria Acer SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Sapindaceae L3-5 - (Clerck, 1759) monspessulanum 12.05.2015, VŽ Erannis defoliaria Acer SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae Sapindaceae L4-5 - (Clerck, 1759) monspessulanum (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Erannis defoliaria Acer SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae Sapindaceae L4-5 - (Clerck, 1759) monspessulanum (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Erannis defoliaria SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae Sapindaceae Acer negundo L4-5 - (Clerck, 1759) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ alpina (Sulzer, SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Geometridae / / L5 - 1776) 01.08.2015, VŽ Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 23

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Lycia graecarius Geometridae Asteraceae Crepis foetida SERBIA, Tara mt., 25.06.2016, VŽ L5 - (Staudinger, 1861) Lycia graecarius SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Geometridae Berberidaceae sp. L5 - (Staudinger, 1861) 12.05.2015, VŽ Lycia graecarius SERBIA, Radan mt., 10.06.2017, Geometridae Fabaceae corniculatus L4 - (Staudinger, 1861) SS Lycia graecarius SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa Geometridae Salicaceae L4-5 - (Staudinger, 1861) canyon, 25.06.2015, SS Operophtera brumata SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Juglandaceae Juglans regia L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 04.05.2017, VŽ Operophtera brumata SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Geometridae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.04.2018, VŽ Operophtera brumata Aesculus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Geometridae Sapindaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) hippocastanum 26.04.2018, ML Orthostixis cribraria Scutellaria SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Geometridae Lamiaceae L3-5 1 (Hübner, 1799) altissima 21.04.2018, VŽ Orthostixis cribraria Scutellaria SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Geometridae Lamiaceae L3-4 - (Hübner, 1799) altissima 04.05.2017, VŽ Peribatodes GREECE, Athens, Botanical Geometridae rhomboidaria (Denis & Caprifoliaceae Lonicera sp.* L5 2 Garden, 06.05.2016, VŽ Schiffermüller, 1775) Phigalia pilosaria (Denis SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Geometridae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L4-5 1 & Schiffermüller, 1775) 01.05.2017, VŽ Phigalia pilosaria (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Geometridae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L3-5 1 & Schiffermüller, 1775) 23.04.2018, VŽ Phigalia pilosaria (Denis SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Geometridae Sapindaceae Acer negundo L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Cameraria ohridella Aesculus POLAND, Warszawa, Łazienki Gracillaridae (Deschka & Dimic Sapindaceae L5 1 hippocastanum Królewskie, 03.06.2018, VŽ 1986) Cameraria ohridella Aesculus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Gracillaridae (Deschka & Dimic Sapindaceae L5 - hippocastanum 18.06.2017, VŽ 1986) Cameraria ohridella Aesculus SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., 25.06.2017, Gracillaridae (Deschka & Dimic Sapindaceae L5 1 hippocastanum VŽ 1986) Cameraria ohridella Aesculus Gracillaridae (Deschka & Dimic Sapindaceae SLOVENIA, Lipica, 2003 LV & MK L5 1 hippocastanum 1986) Cameraria ohridella Aesculus SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, 2006, KK & Gracillaridae (Deschka & Dimic Sapindaceae L5 1 hippocastanum LM 1986) betulae Betulaceae SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, 1989, JF L5 - (Stainton, 1890) Heliozela resplendella Heliozelidae Betulaceae SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, 1989, JF L5 - (Stainton 1851) Heliozela sericiella Heliozelidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris SLOVENIA, Pivka, 1989, JF L5 - (Haworth, 1828) Heliozela sericiella Heliozelidae Fagaceae SLOVENIA, Dobrna, 1989, JF L5 - (Haworth, 1828) Heliozela sericiella Quercus SLOVENIA, Planina pri Ajdovščini, Heliozelidae Fagaceae L5 - (Haworth, 1828) pubescens 1989, JF Heliozela sericiella Heliozelidae Fagaceae Quercus robur SLOVENIA, Ivanjkovci, 1989, JF L5 - (Haworth, 1828)

24 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Carcharodus alceae SERBIA, Niš, Hesperidae Malvaceae Alcea rosea L3-5 1 (Esper, 1780) 23.09.2018, VŽ Carcharodus alceae SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej 18.09.2018, Hesperidae Malvaceae Alcea rosea L5 1 (Esper, 1780) VŽ Carcharodus alceae POLAND, Kampinos National Hesperidae Malvaceae Alcea rosea L5 2 (Esper, 1780) Park, Grądy, 27.06.2018, DM Carcharodus alceae SERBIA, , Selevenjska Hesperidae Malvaceae Alcea rosea L5 1 (Esper, 1780) pustara, 10.08.2015. MP Carcharodus baeticus SPAIN, Navarra, Pitillas, Hesperidae Lamiaceae Ballota sp. L5 2 (Rambur, 1839) 01.06.2015, YML Muschampia proto SPAIN, El Cortijo, Logroño, La Hesperidae Lamiaceae Phlomis lychnitis L5 - (Ochsenheimer, 1808) Rioja, 01.04.2017, YML Heterogynis zikici de Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Heterogynidae Fabaceae L5 3 Freina 2018 heuffelii 16.06.2013, VŽ Heterogynis zikici de Chamaecytisus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Heterogynidae Fabaceae L5 5 Freina 2018 heuffelii 27.05.2018, VŽ Dendrolimus pini MONTENEGRO, Bijelo Polje Lasiocampidae Pinaceae Pinus nigra L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2011, AP catax SPAIN, Medrano, La Rioja, Lasiocampidae / / L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.04.2017, YML Eriogaster catax SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 23.04.2018, VŽ Eriogaster catax Paliurus spina- SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Lasiocampidae Rhamnaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) christi 23.04.2018, VŽ Eriogaster catax Crataegus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna 19.04.2018, VŽ Eriogaster catax SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.05.2015, VŽ Eriogaster catax SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.04.2018, VŽ Eriogaster lanestris Crataegus Lasiocampidae Rosaceae SERBIA, Paraćin 08.05.2018 NV L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna Eriogaster lanestris Crataegus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lasiocampidae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna 08.06.2014, VŽ Eriogaster lanestris SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 05.05.2014, PJ Eriogaster lanestris SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 19.05.2018, VŽ Eriogaster lanestris SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L1-2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.04.2018, VŽ Eriogaster rimicola (Denis Quercus GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) pubescens 07.05.2016, VŽ potatoria POLAND, Kampinos National Lasiocampidae Cyperaceae sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Park, 06.06.2018, SS quercus MONTENEGRO, Pištaline, Lasiocampidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.07.2013, VŽ Lasiocampa quercus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Lasiocampidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01,05,2018, VŽ Lasiocampa quercus SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lasiocampidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 23.05.2016, VŽ Lasiocampa quercus SERBIA, Zlatibor, Čavlovac, Lasiocampidae Fabaceae tinctoria L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 28.06.2018, ML Lasiocampa quercus Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa SERBIA, Paraćin, 06.05.2018, NV L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 25

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Lasiocampa quercus Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Rubus fruticosa SERBIA, Tara mt., 25.06.2014, VŽ L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Lasiocampa trifolii SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Lasiocampidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / L4 - Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ 1775) Lasiocampa trifolii SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Lasiocampidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / L5 - 07.05.2018, VŽ 1775) Lasiocampa trifolii Lasiocampidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / SERBIA, Tara mt., 25.06.2014, VŽ L5 - 1775) Lasiocampa trifolii (Denis SERBIA, Pčinja canyon, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 14.06.2014, VŽ Lasiocampa trifolii SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac Lasiocampidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - 27.06.2015, MIM 1775) rubi SERBIA, Zlatibor, Čavlovac, Lasiocampidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 28.06.2018, ML Macrothylacia rubi SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lasiocampidae Ericaceae myrtilus L2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 13.07.2013, VŽ Macrothylacia rubi SERBIA, Radan mt., 10.06.2017, Lasiocampidae Fabaceae Trifolium arvense L2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) SS Macrothylacia rubi SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Lasiocampidae Fabaceae Trifolium arvense L2-3 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Macrothylacia rubi SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Lasiocampidae Poaceae / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 30.09.2018, IS Macrothylacia rubi MONTENEGRO, Plavsko jezero, Lasiocampidae Poaceae Poa sp. L2-3 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gusinje, 12.07.2013, VŽ Macrothylacia rubi BULGARIA, Rila mt. 7 lakes, 2500 Lasiocampidae Poaceae Festuca sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m a.s.l., 23.07.2017, VŽ Macrothylacia rubi SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lasiocampidae Poaceae Festuca sp. L2-3 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 28.02.017, VŽ Malacosoma castrensis CROATIA, Plitvice (lake), Lasiocampidae Asteraceae sp.* L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 22.06.2015, VŽ Malacosoma castrensis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.05.2017, VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Brassicaceae Lepidium draba L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria Lasiocampidae Corylaceae Ostryia carpinifolia SERBIA, Tara mt., 2014, VŽ L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Lasiocampidae Ericaceae Arbutus unedo L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Ericaceae manipuliflora L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria Dorycnium GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Fabaceae L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) hirsutum VŽ Malacosoma neustria Dorycnium GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Fabaceae L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) pentaphyllum VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus coccifera L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt. 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus coccifera L2-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ

26 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus ilex L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus petraea L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria SERBIA, Radan mt. 10.05.2018, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus robur L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Castanea sativa L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria Lasiocampidae Fagaceae Quercus petraea SERBIA, Paraćin, 06.05.2018, NV L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Lasiocampidae Oleaceae Fraxinus ornus* L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 07.05.2016, VŽ Malacosoma neustria Rhamnus lycioides, GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Rhamnaceae L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) ssp. graeca VŽ Malacosoma neustria GREECE, Pelion mt., 11.05.2016, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Malus pumila L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Malacosoma neustria SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L1-2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.04.2018, VŽ Malacosoma neustria SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Rubus fruticosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.06.2015, SS Malacosoma neustria SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lasiocampidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 08.06.2014, VŽ Malacosoma neustria MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Lasiocampidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 18.07.2013, VŽ Trichiura crataegi SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Lasiocampidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Callophrys rubi SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Lycaenidae Betulaceae Betula pendula L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.06.2016, SS Polyommatus daphnis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Lycaenidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Fabaceae Securigera varia L5 - 21.05.2017, SS 1775) Ectoedemia argyropeza Nepticulidae Salicaceae Populus alba SLOVENIA, Malečnik, 1989, JF L5 - (Zeller, 1839) Ectoedemia argyropeza SLOVENIA, Maribor, Ajdovščina, Nepticulidae Salicaceae Populus nigra L5 - (Zeller, 1839) 1989, JF Ectoedemia argyropeza SLOVENIA, Velenje, Ljubljana, Nepticulidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - (Zeller, 1839) 1989, JF euphorbiae SERBIA, Pčinja canyon, (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / L4 - 14.06.2014, VŽ 1775) Acronicta euphorbiae SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac, Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Polygonaceae Rumex sp. L5 - 1040 m a.s.l., 25.06.2016, VŽ 1775) Acronicta leporina Noctuidae / / SERBIA, Užice, 02.08.2008, AP L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Acronicta rumicis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae Lamiaceae Mentha piperita L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 08.11.2013, VŽ Acronicta rumicis Polygonum SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae Polygonaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) aviculare 08.10.2018, VŽ Acronicta rumicis POLAND, Kampinos National Noctuidae Rhamnaceae Frangula alnus L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Park, 06.06.2018, VŽ Acronicta rumicis SERBIA, Niš, Stevan Sindjelić, Noctuidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2016, VŽ Acronicta rumicis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.08.2016, VŽ Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 27

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Actinotia polyodon Hypericum SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae Clusiaceae L5 - (Clerck, 1759) rumeliacum 20.05.2017, VŽ litura SERBIA, Tara mt, 1000 m, Noctuidae / / L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.06.2013, VŽ Agrochola litura Anthriscus SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae Apiaceae L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) caucalis 20.05.2015, MIM Agrochola lychnidis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / L5 - 01.05.2018, VŽ 1775) Agrochola lychnidis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - 01.05.2018, VŽ 1775) Agrotis exclamationis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 30.06.2018, VŽ Agrotis exclamationis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej. Noctuidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.11.2016, VŽ Agrotis segetum (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / Poaceae root L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 17.02.2019, VŽ Agrotis segetum (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / Poaceae root L4-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 22.09.2018, VŽ Allophyes oxyacanthae GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus spinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 13.05.2016, VŽ Ammoconia Smyrnium SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae caecimacula (Denis & Apiaceae L5 - perfoliatum 16.05.2015, ML Schiffermüller, 1775) Ammoconia Smyrnium SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae caecimacula (Denis & Apiaceae L5 - perfoliatum 21.05.2015, ML Schiffermüller, 1775) Amphipyra berbera SERBIA, Radan mt (750m), Noctuidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - Rungs, 1949 10.05.2018, VŽ Amphipyra pyramidea SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2016, VŽ Amphipyra pyramidea SERBIA, Niš, Donja Vrežina, Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix babylonica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.04.2018, SS Amphipyra tetra SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Noctuidae / / L5 1 (Fabricius, 1787) 01.08.2015, SS Amphipyra tragopoginis SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae / / L5 - (Clerck, 1759) 21.05.2015, VŽ Amphipyra tragopoginis SERBIA, Niš, Mediana, Noctuidae Asteraceae Crepis foetida L5 - (Clerck, 1759) 25.05.2014, VŽ Anorthoa munda (Denis SERBIA, Pčinja canyon, Noctuidae / / L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 14.06.2014, VŽ Anorthoa munda (Denis SERBIA, Radan mt (750m), Noctuidae / / L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 10.05.2018, VŽ Anorthoa munda (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae Rosaceae L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 15.05.2014, VŽ Asteroscopus sphinx Euonymus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae Celastraceae L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) japonicus (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Asteroscopus sphinx SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) (gorge), 11.05.2017, SS Autographa gamma SERBIA, Stara Pazova Noctuidae / / O 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 04.07.2013, BH Calophasia lunula SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae Plantaginaceae Linaria genistifolia L2, L4-5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) 15.05.2014, VŽ

28 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species fulminea SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Scopoli, 1763) (gorge), Gradište, 07.05.2018, SS rubricosa SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (gorge), Gradište, 07.05.2018, SS 1775) Chrysodeixis chalcites SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / / L5, P - (Esper, 1789) 25.09.2018, VŽ rubiginosa SERBIA, Stara Pazova, Noctuidae / / L5 1 (Scopoli, 1763) 19.05.2017, BH Cosmia affinis SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 11.05.2017, VŽ Cosmia affinis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Noctuidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) 20.05.2017, VŽ Craniophora ligustri SERBIA, Radan mt., 10.06.2017, Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Poaceae / L5 - SS 1775) lanceolata Verbascum SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae L5 - (Villers, 1789) thapsus 16.05.2018, VŽ Cucullia lanceolata Verbascum SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae L5 - (Villers, 1789) thapsus 16.05.2018, VŽ Cucullia lanceolata Verbascum SERBIA, , Vlasi 23.07.2013, Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae L5 1 (Villers, 1789) thaspus VŽ Cucullia lucifuga (Denis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Noctuidae / / L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 01.08.2015, VŽ Cucullia lucifuga (Denis AUSTRIA, Tirol, Obergurgl, Noctuidae Asteraceae farfara L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 27.07.2015, VŽ Cucullia lychnitis SERBIA, Tara, Derventa canyon, Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L4 - (Rambur, 1833) 25.06.2013, VŽ Cucullia lychnitis Verbascum SERBIA, Zvonačka banja, Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae L5 1 (Rambur, 1833) pulverulentum 19.07.2013, VŽ Cucullia prenanthis MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Noctuidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 - Boisduval, 1840 m, 13.07.2013, VŽ Cucullia verbasci SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.05.2017, VŽ Cucullia verbasci SERBIA, Stara Pazova Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 13.05.2013, BH Cucullia verbasci SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) canyon, 25.06.2015, VŽ Cucullia verbasci SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac, Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.06.2015, VŽ Dicycla oo (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - 1758) 23.04.2018, VŽ caeruleocephala Prunus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Noctuidae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) laurocerasus 11.05.2013, VŽ Diloba caeruleocephala SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2013, VŽ Diloba caeruleocephala SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 10.05.2015, SS Diloba caeruleocephala SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.05.2017, VŽ Diloba caeruleocephala SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2013, VŽ Diloba caeruleocephala Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus spinosa GREECE, Tatoi, 07.05.2016, VŽ L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 29

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Diloba caeruleocephala SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae Rosaceae Pyrus spinosa L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 12.05.2015, VŽ paleacea SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Noctuidae Malvaceae Tilia cordata L4 - (Esper, 1788) 04.05.2017, SS Eupsilia transversa SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Noctuidae / / L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) 27.05.2018, VŽ Griposia aprilina SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 23.04.2018, VŽ Hecatera bicolorata SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Noctuidae Asteraceae Hieracium sp. L4-5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) VŽ Helicoverpa armigera Pelargonium SERBIA, Niš, Trošarina Noctuidae Geraniaceae L4-5 - (Hübner, 1808) zonale 18.09.2018, VŽ Heliothis peltigera SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac Noctuidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, / / L5 - 27.06.2015, SS 1775) Heliothis viriplaca CROATIA, Plitvice (lake), Noctuidae Asteraceae Centaurea sp. L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) 22.06.2015, VŽ Mamestra oleracea SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, Faculty of Noctuidae Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea P 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Agronomy, 09.2018, KK Mesapamea secalis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Noctuidae Poaceae Dactilys glomerata L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.05.2018, VŽ satura (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Noctuidae / / L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 20.05.2017, VŽ Noctua pronuba SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.04.2018, VŽ cerasi MONTENEGRO, Durmitor, Škrčko Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix alba L5 - (Fabricius, 1775) jezero (lake) 23.07.2003, VŽ Orthosia cerasi MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Fabricius, 1775) 13.07.2013, VŽ Orthosia cerasi CROATIA, Plitvice (lake), Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix fragilis L5 - (Fabricius, 1775) 29.06.2015, VŽ Orthosia cerasi Acer SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Noctuidae Sapindaceae L3-5 - (Fabricius, 1775) monspessulanum 04.05.2017, SS Orthosia cerasi Acer SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae Sapindaceae L3-5 - (Fabricius, 1775) monspessulanum 20.05.2015, MIM Orthosia cruda (Denis SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L2-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 01.05.2017, VŽ Orthosia cruda (Denis SERBIA, Iustiniana Prima, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 10.05.2018, VŽ Orthosia cruda (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L3-5 1 & Schiffermüller, 1775) 23.04.2018, VŽ Orthosia cruda (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Noctuidae Malvaceae Tilia tomentosa L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 20.05.2017, VŽ Orthosia gothica Anthriscus Noctuidae Apiaceae SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, MIM L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) caucalis Orthosia gothica POLAND, Kampinos National Noctuidae Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Park, 06.06 2018, VŽ Orthosia gothica SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Noctuidae Rosaceae Geum aleppicum L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Orthosia gothica SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Noctuidae Rosaceae Rubus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Orthosia gracilis (Denis SERBIA, Brzi brod, 03.05.2018, Noctuidae Viburnaceae ebulus L4-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) VŽ

30 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Orthosia gracilis (Denis SERBIA, Niška Banja, 24.04.2018, Noctuidae Viburnaceae Sambucus ebulus L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) VŽ Orthosia gracilis (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Noctuidae Polygonaceae Rumex sp. L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 04.05.2017, SS Orthosia gracilis (Denis SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Noctuidae Viburnaceae Sambucus ebulus L4-5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 21.05.2017, SS Orthosia incerta SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) 04.05.2017, VŽ Orthosia miniosa (Denis SERBIA, Radan mt, 10.05.2018, Noctuidae Fabaceae Trifolium sp.? L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) VŽ Phlogophora meticulosa SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.05.2018, VŽ Phlogophora meticulosa SERIA, Niš, Pantelej, 09.03.2018, Noctuidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Phlogophora meticulosa x SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, BF, Noctuidae Rosaceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) ananassa 20.03.2019, ŠM Rileyiana fovea SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, Noctuidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L5 - (Treitschke, 1825) 01.05.2017, VŽ Scoliopteryx libatrix SERBIA, Stara planina mt. (1200 Noctuidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m), 02.08.2018, VŽ Simyra albovenosa Phalaroides POLAND, Kampinos National Noctuidae Poaceae L5 1 (Goeze, 1781) arundinacea Park, 06.06.2018, DM Thalpophila matura SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Noctuidae / Poaceae root L5 - (Hufnagel, 1766) 17.02.2019, VŽ Xylena exsoleta SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa Noctuidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) canyon, 27.06.2013, VŽ Xylena lunifera Warren, SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Noctuidae Polygonaceae Rumex sp. L5, P - 1910 13.05.2015, VŽ erminea (Esper, MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Notodontidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L2, L4-5 1 1783) 11.07.2013, VŽ Cerura vinula MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Notodontidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.07.2013, VŽ Cerura vinula Salix SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero Notodontidae Salicaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) amplexicaulis (lake),15.07.2010, VŽ ziczac MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Notodontidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m a.s.l., 13.07.2013, VŽ Ptilodon capucina AUSTRIA, Tirol, Obergurgl, Notodontidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.07.2015, VŽ Ptilodon capucina SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Notodontidae / / L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.08.2015, VŽ plumigera SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Notodontidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae L5 - 12.05.2015, VŽ 1775) Ptilophora plumigera Acer SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Notodontidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae L5 - monspessulanum 15.05.2018, SS 1775) Ptilophora plumigera Acer SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Notodontidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae L5 - monspessulanum (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ 1775) Ptilophora plumigera Acer SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Notodontidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae L5 - pseudoplatanus 19.06.2016, VŽ 1775) Thaumetopoea GREECE, Athens, Botanical Notodontidae pityocampa (Denis & / / L5 - Garden, 06.05.2016, VŽ Schiffermüller, 1775) Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 31

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Thaumetopoea BOSNIA, AND HERZEGOVINA, Notodontidae pityocampa (Denis & Pinaceae Pinus nigra L4-5, P 1 Tula 17.03.2018, DD Schiffermüller, 1775) Thaumetopoea SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Notodontidae processionea Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - 23.05.2014, MIM (Linnaeus, 1758) Thaumetopoea solitaria Pistacia GREECE, Attica, Tatoi, Notodontidae Anacardiaceae L5, P 1 (Freyer, 1838) terebinthus 07.05.2016, VŽ Aglais io (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Stara planina, Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 - 1758) Rosomača, 02.08.2018, VŽ Aglais io (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Radan mt., 10.06.2017, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 - 1758) SS Aglais io (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Stara planina (mt.), Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4 1 1758) Rosomača 02.08.2018, VŽ Aglais urticae MONTENEGRO, Plavsko jezero, Nymphalidae / / L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Gusinje, 12.07.2013, VŽ Aglais urticae AUSTRIA, Tirol, Obergurgl, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 27.07.2015, VŽ Aglais urticae BULGARIA, Rila mt. 7 lakes, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 23.07.2017, VŽ Aglais urticae BULGARIA, Rila mt. Skakavitsa, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.07.2019, VŽ Aglais urticae BULGARIA, Rila mt. Malyovitsa, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L2 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.07.2019, VŽ Aglais urticae MONTENEGRO, Durmitor, Ledena Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) pećina, 17.07.2016, SS Aglais urticae SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Čemernik, 15.09.2017, VŽ Araschnia levana POLAND, Kampinos National Park Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L2 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 06.06.2018, VŽ Boloria titania (Esper, SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Nymphalidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - 1793) 19.06.2016, VŽ Brenthis daphne SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Nymphalidae Rosaceae Rubus caesius L5 - (Bergsträsser, 1780) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Brenthis ino SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Nymphalidae Rosaceae Rubus fruticosa L5 1 (Bergsträsser, 1780) (gorge), Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Melanargia galathea SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Nymphalidae Poaceae Poa pratensis L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 10.05.2017, VŽ arduinna SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Asteraceae L4-5 - (Esper, 1783) 18.06.2014, VŽ Melitaea arduinna SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Nymphalidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L4-5 - (Esper, 1783) 27.05.2018, VŽ Melitaea arduinna SERBIA, Radan mt, 10.05.2018, Nymphalidae Fabaceae Trifolium sp.? L5 - (Esper, 1783) VŽ Melitaea athalia Melampyrum SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Nymphalidae Orobanchaceae L4 - (Rottemburg, 1775) pratense Gradište, 19.05.2018, VŽ Melitaea athalia Plantago SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Nymphalidae Plantaginaceae L4 - (Rottemburg, 1775) lanceolatum Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Melitaea aurelia SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Nymphalidae Asteraceae L4-5 - Nickerl, 1850 19.06.2016, VŽ Melitaea diamina SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Nymphalidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L5 1 (Lang, 1789) 15.06.2013, VŽ Melitaea diamina Dianthus SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., 27.06.2013, Nymphalidae Caryophyllaceae L5 1 (Lang, 1789) carthusianorum* VŽ 32 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Melitaea diamina SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Rosaceae ulmaria L4-5 - (Lang, 1789) 16.06.2013, VŽ Melitaea didyma SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Nymphalidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L5 1 (Esper, 1778) 27.05.2018, VŽ Melitaea didyma Melampyrum SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Nymphalidae Orobanchaceae L3-4 - (Esper, 1778) arvense Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Melitaea didyma Linaria dalmatica, SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Nymphalidae Plantaginaceae L5 - (Esper, 1778) ssp. macedonica 25.05.2014, VŽ Melitaea didyma MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Nymphalidae Plantaginaceae Linaria sp. L5 1 (Esper, 1778) 11.07.2013 ŽT Melitaea didyma SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum sp. L2, L4-5 - (Esper, 1778) 16.06.2013, VŽ Melitaea phoebe (Denis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L5 - & Schiffermüller, 1775) 16.06.2013, VŽ Melitaea phoebe (Denis Centaurea SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Asteraceae L5 1 & Schiffermüller, 1775) rhenana 18.06.2014, VŽ Melitaea trivia (Denis & SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae Verbascum sp. L3 - Schiffermüller, 1775) 21.04.2018, VŽ Melitaea trivia (Denis & Verbascum SERBIA, mt., 1000 m a.s.l. Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae L5 - Schiffermüller, 1775) thapsus 07.08.2011, VŽ Melitaea trivia (Denis & Verbascum Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae SERBIA, Jerma canyon, Vlasi, VŽ L5 - Schiffermüller, 1775) thapsus Melitaea trivia (Denis & Verbascum SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae L4-5 - Schiffermüller, 1775) thapsus 08.06.2014, VŽ Melitaea trivia (Denis & Verbascum SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae L5 - Schiffermüller, 1775) thapsus 16.06.2014, VŽ Melitaea trivia (Denis & Verbascum SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae L2 - Schiffermüller, 1775) thapsus 25.08.2017, VŽ Nymphalis antiopa MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) m. a.s.l., 11.07.2013, AP Nymphalis antiopa MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., 1000 Nymphalidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m. a.s.l., 13.07.2013, VŽ Nymphalis antiopa SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 19.05.2018, VŽ Nymphalis polychloros SERBIA, Radan mt., 750 m Nymphalidae Rosaceae Pyrus communis L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 10.05.2018, VŽ Nymphalis polychloros GREECE, Komotini, 12.05.2002, Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Nymphalis polychloros MONTENEGRO, Plužine Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 08.07.2013, AP & VŽ Polygonia c-album SERBIA, Stara planina mt. (1200 Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) m), 02.08.2018, VŽ Polygonia c-album SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 06.08.2015, VŽ Polygonia c-album SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero, Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 06.08.2015, VŽ Polygonia c-album SERBIA, Kopaonik, Metođe, Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 18.07.2018, VŽ Vanessa atalanta SERBIA, Stara Pazova, 06.2013, Nymphalidae / / L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) BH Vanessa atalanta SERBIA, Stara planina, Tupavica Nymphalidae Urticaceae Urtica dioica L3-4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 02.08.2018, VŽ Vanessa cardui Carlina SERBIA, Dukat mt., Jarešnik, 1230 Nymphalidae Asteraceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) acanthifolia m a.s.l., 23.07.2013, VŽ Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 33

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Vanessa cardui MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt. Nymphalidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 13.07.2013, AP Zerynthia cerisyi Aristolochia SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Papilionidae Aristolochiaceae L5 - Godart, 1824 clematitis 20.06.2018, VŽ Zerynthia cerisyi Aristolochia SERBIA, Niš, , Papilionidae Aristolochiaceae L5 - Godart, 1824 clematitis 14.07.2013, VŽ Papilio machaon Foeniculum SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Papilionidae Apiaceae L5 1 Linnaeus, 1757 vulgare 16.07.2013, SS Papilio machaon AUSTRIA, Tirol, Obergurgl, Papilionidae / / L5 - Linnaeus, 1758 24.07.2015, VŽ Papilio machaon Foeniculum SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Papilionidae Apiaceae L5 1 Linnaeus, 1758 vulgare 16.06.2009, VŽ Zerynthia cerisy Aristolochia SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Papilionidae Aristolochiaceae L5 - (Godart, 1824) clematitis 15.07.2018, VŽ Zerynthia polyxena Aristolochia SERBIA, Niš, Mediana, Papilionidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Aristolochiaceae L5 - clematitis 11.06.2015, VŽ 1775) Zerynthia polyxena Aristolochia SERBIA, Niš, Popovac, Papilionidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Aristolochiaceae L5 - clematitis 09.06.2010, VŽ 1775) Anthocharis cardamines SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.05.2015, VŽ crataegi Crataegus SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura Pieridae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna (gorge), 14.05.2013, VŽ Aporia crataegi Crataegus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura (gorge), Pieridae Rosaceae L3 - (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna Ostrovica, 28.05.2013, VŽ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Pieridae Rosaceae Malus domestica L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 16.06.2013, VŽ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Pieridae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.05.2015, VŽ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Pieridae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.05.2014, VŽ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Jadovnik, , Pieridae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.06.2014, PJ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Pieridae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L2-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.04.2018, VŽ Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Pieridae Rosaceae Pyrus communis L4 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 23.04.2018, SST Aporia crataegi SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa Pieridae Rosaceae aucuparia L4 - (Linnaeus, 1758) canyon, 25.06.2015, VŽ Pieris brassicae SERBIA, Stara Pazova, Pieridae / / L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 30.08.2013, BH Pieris brassicae Brassica oleracea SLOVENIA, Zgornja Lipnica, Pieridae Brassicaceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) var. capitata 15.07.2014, ST, TB & MV Pieris napi (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Pieridae / / L5 - 1758) 20.05.2015, VŽ Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Pieridae Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L5 - 1758) 01.07.2017, VŽ Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, SPAIN, Fuerteventura, Pieridae / / L5 1 1758) 01.04.2017, YML Plutella xylostella SERBIA, SERBIAobran, Plutellidae Brassicaceae Brassica napus L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) 20.05.2018, MP Plutella xylostella Brassica oleracea Plutellidae Brassicaceae SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, 2014, TB L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) var. capitata 34 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species GREECE, Thessaloniki, Praydidae Prays citri (Millière) Rutaceae Citrus x sinensis L5 1 15.07.2002, NK Prays oleae (Bernard, GREECE, Crete, Messara, 09- Praydidae Oleaceae Olea europaea L5 6 1788) 16.06.2017, NK SERBIA, Radan mt. (750 m), Psychidae / / L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) 10.05.2018, VŽ Acanthopsycheatra SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Psychidae Poaceae Festuca valesiaca L5 - (Linnaeus, 1767) VŽ hirsuta SERBIA, , Poćuta, Psychidae / / L5 1 (Poda, 1761) 17.05.2013, AP GREECE, Gramos mt., 1900 m, Psychidae Dahlica sp. / / L5 1 17.07.2003, NK viciella SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Psychidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Betulaceae L5 - 16.06.2009, VŽ 1775) Vaccinium SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Psychidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Ericaceae L5 1 myrtillus 19.06.2018, VŽ 1775) Megalophanes viciella SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Psychidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Fabaceae villosa L5 3 VŽ 1775) Megalophanes viciella GREECE, Peloponessus, Psychidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Poaceae* / Xerocampos, Nemea 24.05.2016, L5 - 1775) AN Megalophanes viciella Psychidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Poaceae* / SERBIA, Pantelej, 11.08.2015, VŽ L5 - 1775) villosella SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Psychidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleagnifolia L5 - (Ochsenheimer, 1810) 20.05.2017, VŽ Psyche casta (Pallas, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Psychidae / / L4-5 - 1767) 02.06.2016, VŽ Psyche casta (Pallas, SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Psychidae Poaceae* / L5 - 1767) (gorge), 31.05.2016, VŽ Rebelia sapho (Millière, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Psychidae / / L5 - 1864) 09.09.2016, VŽ Taleporia tubulosa SERBIA, Radan mt. 1000 m. Psychidae / / L5 - (Retzius, 1783) 12.06.2016, SS SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Psychidae Teleporia sp. Malvaceae Tilia x europaea L4 - 13.05.2018, VŽ Adaina microdactyla Eupatorium SLOVENIA, Ivanjkovci, Piran, Pterophoridae Asteraceae L5 - (Hübner 1813) cannabinum 1989 JF Emmelina monodactyla SERBIA, Stara Pazova Pterophoridae / / L5 1 cf. (Linnaeus, 1758) 30.08.2013, BH Pterophorus pentadactyla SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja Pterophoridae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 24.04.2018, VŽ Galleria mellonella SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, BF, Pyralidae / bee hive L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.06.2018, KK Plodia interpunctella SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Pyralidae Juglandaceae Juglans regia L4-5 1 (Hübner, 1813) 23.08.20008, VŽ Acrobasis consociella SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac Pyralidae Fagaceae Quercus cerris L5 - (Hübner, 1813) 26.04.2018, ML tau (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa / / L4 - 1758) canyon, 25.06.2015, VŽ Aglia tau (Linnaeus, SPAIN, Montenegro de Cameros, Saturniidae / / L5 1 1758) Soria, 01.04.2017, OM Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 35

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Saturnia pavonia MONTENEGRO, Cetinje, Saturniidae Rosaceae Rubus sp. L3-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 09.07.2013, VŽ Saturnia pavoniella Saturniidae / / SERBIA, Tara mt., 25.06.2015, VŽ L4-5 - (Scopoli, 1763) Saturnia pavoniella SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Saturniidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L2-3 - (Scopoli, 1763) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Saturnia pavoniella SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Saturniidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L3 - (Scopoli, 1763) 21.05.2017, SS Saturnia pavoniella Sanguisorba SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Saturniidae Rosaceae L3 - (Scopoli, 1763) officinalis 20.05.2017, VŽ Saturnia pavoniella SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Saturniidae Ulmaceae Ulmus minor L2-3 - (Scopoli, 1763) (gorge), 11.05.2017, VŽ Saturnia pavoniella SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Saturniidae Ulmaceae Ulmus minor L2-3 - (Scopoli, 1763) (gorge), 15.05.2013, VŽ Saturnia pavoniella SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Saturniidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L2-3 - (Scopoli, 1763) 20.05.2017, VŽ SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Saturniidae Saturnia sp. / / L2-4 - Gradište, 19.05.2018, VŽ Saturniidae Saturnia sp. Rosaceae Prunus spinosa SERBIA, Brzi brod, 03.05.2018, VŽ L1 - ichneumoniformis SLOVENIA, Vipava, 07.05.2000, / / L5 1 (Schiffermüller & Denis, ŽP & H-PT 1776) Bembecia magillaeformis SLOVENIA, Dragonja, 02.06.2002, Sesiidae / / L5 1 (Hübner, 1813) ŽP & H-PT Bembecia pavicevici Hippocrepis SLOVENIA, Kraški rob, Sesiidae Fabaceae L5 - (Toševski, 1989) emerus 02.05.2003, ŽP & H-PT Bembecia scopigera SLOVENIA, Kozina, 27.05.2005, Sesiidae / / L5 - (Scopoli, 1763) ŽP & H-PT Chamaesphecia SLOVENIA, Velenje, 20.09.2002, Sesiidae / / L5 1 empiformis (Esper, 1783) ŽP & H-PT Pyropteron affinis SLOVENIA, Kozina, 04.04.2000, Sesiidae / / L5 1 (Staudinger, 1856) ŽP & H-PT Pyropteron SLOVENIA, Vipava, 07.05.2000, Sesiidae chrysidiformis (Esper, / / L5 1 ŽP & H-PT 1782) Synanthedon SLOVENIA, Vrhnika, 03.04.2004, Sesiidae cephiformis / / L5 - ŽP & H-PT (Ochsenheimer, 1808) Synanthedon SLOVENIA, Podvin pri Polzeli, Sesiidae culiciformis (Linnaeus, / / L5 - 20.12.1999, ŽP & H-PT 1758) Synanthedon SLOVENIA, Raduha, 02.06.2003, Sesiidae formicaeformis (Esper, / / L5 - ŽP & H-PT 1783) (Linnaeus, 1758) Synanthedon loranthi SLOVENIA, Maribor, 21.04.2005, Sesiidae / / L5 1 (Kraliček, 1966) ŽP & H-PT Synanthedon SLOVENIA, Gračišče, 08.06.2000, Sesiidae melliniformis / / L5 1 ŽP & H-PT (Laspeyres, 1801) Synanthedon tipuliformis Sesiidae Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum SLOVENIA, all Slovenia, 1989, JF L5 - (Clerck, 1759) Synanthedon SLOVENIA, Galicija, 14.02.2001, Sesiidae vespiformis (Linnaeus, / / L5 - ŽP & H-PT 1761) 36 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Sphingidae Convolvulaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) arvensis 13.10.2014, VŽ Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Sphingidae Convolvulaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) arvensis 13.10.2014, VŽ Deilephila elpenor Epilobium SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Sphingidae Onagraceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) angustifolium 25.08.2017, VŽ Deilephila porcellus SERBIA, Zlatibor, Čavlovac, Sphingidae Rubiaceae Galium album L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 28.06.2018, ML Hyles euphorbiae SERBIA, Radan mt., 18.06.2017, Sphingidae Euphorbiaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) cyparissias SS Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus, SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Sphingidae / / L5 - 1758) 16.07.2013, VŽ Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus, UNITED KINGDOME, London, Sphingidae / / L5 - 1758) Finchley, 13.07.2018, NKD Aphelia paleana MONTENEGRO, Visitor, / / L5 1 (Hübner, 1793) 11.07.2013, VŽ Aphelia viburnana ([Denis SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Tortricidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L5 - and Schiffermüller], 1775) 27.05.2018, VŽ crataeganus SERBIA, Radan mt 750 m, Tortricidae Fagaceae L5 - (Hübner, [1796-1999]) 10.05.2018, VŽ Archips podana SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Erebidae Cornaceae Cornus mas L4-5 2 (Scopoli, 1763) 25.05.2016, VŽ Archips podana SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Tortricidae Malvaceae Tilia cordata L4-5 1 (Scopoli, 1763) 25.05.2016, VŽ Archips podana SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Tortricidae Oleaceae Fraxinus ornus L4-5 1 (Scopoli, 1763) VŽ Archips podana SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Pyrus communis L5 - (Scopoli, 1763) Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 31.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Palilula, 09.05.2018, Tortricidae / / L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Caprifoliaceae Lonicera nigra L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Cornaceae Cornus mas L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 26.04.2018, MIM Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Cornaceae Cornus mas L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 24.05.2016, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Corylaceae Corylus avellana L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Corylaceae Corylus avellana L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus Robinia SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Fabaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) pseudoacacia 21.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus Geranium SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Geraniaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) robertianum 15.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Geraniaceae Geranium sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 26.04.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Kruševac, Donji Stepoš, Tortricidae Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.05.2018, ML Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Tortricidae Juglandaceae Juglans regia L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 37

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 04.05.2017, SS Tortricidae Archips rosanus POLAND, Kampinos Nat. Park Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) Sieraków, 04.06.2018, DM Tortricidae Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2017, VŽ Tortricidae Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Tortricidae Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Malvaceae Tilia sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 24.05.2016, VŽ Archips rosanus Crataegus SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna 14.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus Crataegus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) monogyna 21.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Cydonia oblonga L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Palilula, 09.05.2018, Tortricidae Rosaceae Malus domestica L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Malus domestica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Sićevo, 11.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Kamenički vis, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Kruševac, Donji Stepoš, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 01.08.2018, ML Archips rosanus SERBIA, Kruševac, Donji Stepoš, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 06.05.2016, ML Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Vinik, 09.05.2015, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasus L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.05.2016, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasus L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Ostrovica, 01.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus domestica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 26.04.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus domestica L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 26.04.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 13.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 19.04.2018, SS Archips rosanus Pyracantha SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae L4-5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) coccinea 26.04.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Pyrus communis L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ 38 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Pyrus eleangifolia L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rubus discolor L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Sićevo, 25.05.2018, ML Archips rosanus SLOVENIA, Ljubljana, BF, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rubus ideaus L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.7.2018, ŠM Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rubus sp. L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 24.05.2018, SS Archips rosanus Salix SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Salicaceae L4-5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) amplexicaulis 20.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus Salix SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Salicaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) amplexicaulis 11.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus Aesculus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Sapindaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) hipocastanum 26.04.2018, ML Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Sapindaceae Acer campestre L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Kamenički vis, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 02.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 20.05.2017, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 21.05.2017, SS Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 26.04.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 14.05.2018, VŽ Archips rosanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 17.04.2016, VŽ Archips xylosteanus SERBIA, Radan mt 1000 m, Tortricidae Oleaceae Fraxinus ornus L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 12.06.2016, VŽ Archips xylosteanus SERBIA, Prokuplje, Gornja Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Konjuša, 01.06.2016, MR Archips xylosteanus SERBIA, Radan mt 1000 m, Tortricidae Salicaceae Populus tremula L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 10.06.2017, VŽ Archips xylosteanus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Ulmaceae Ulmus sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 17.04.2016, VŽ Cydia pomonella Tortricidae Rosaceae Malus domestica SPAIN, Asturias, 01.05.2015, MM L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) Epinotia festivana SLOVENIA, Šmarje pri Jelšah, Tortricidae Fagaceae Quercus petraea L5 1 (Hübner, 1796) 1989, JF Epinotia festivana Quercus Tortricidae Fagaceae SLOVENIA, Strunjan, 1989, JF L5 - (Hübner, 1796) pubescens Epinotia festivana Tortricidae Fagaceae Quercus robur SLOVENIA, Gornji Grad, 1989, JF L5 - (Hübner, 1796) Epinotia nisella (Clerck, SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Salicaceae Populus alba L5 1 1759) 12.05.2013, VŽ Epinotia tetraquetrana SLOVENIA, Planina pod Golico, Tortricidae Betulaceae Alnus incana L5 - (Haworth, 1811) 1989, JF Epinotia tetraquetrana SLOVENIA, Benedikt, Grgar, Tortricidae Betulaceae Betula pendula L5 - (Haworth, 1811) 1989, JF Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 39

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Eudemis profundana SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Tortricidae ([Denis and Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - 23.04.2018, VŽ Schiffermüller], 1775) Gypsonoma aceriana Populus SLOVENIA, Dobrovo v Goriških Tortricidae Salicaceae L5 1 (Dufrane 1945) euroamericana Brdih, 1989, JF Gypsonoma aceriana SLOVENIA, Solkan, Dekani, 1989, Tortricidae Salicaceae Populus nigra L5 - (Dufrane 1945) JF nubiferana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Cornaceae Cornus mas L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) 26.04.2018, MIM Hedya nubiferana Crataegus SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) monogyna 22.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana Crataegus SERBIA, Jelašnička klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) monogyna 14.05.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana Crataegus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 1 (Haworth, [1811]) monogyna 19.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana Crataegus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 1 (Haworth, [1811]) monogyna 19.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana SERBIA, Niš, , 22.04.2018, Tortricidae Rosaceae Cydonia oblonga L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) VŽ Hedya nubiferana SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) 22.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana Pyracantha SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) coccinea 26.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana SERBIA, Kruševac, Donji Stepoš, Tortricidae Rosaceae Pyrus communis L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) 16.04.2016, ML Hedya nubiferana SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Tortricidae Rosaceae Pyrus spinosa L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) 22.04.2018, VŽ Hedya nubiferana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Sapindaceae Acer campestre L5 - (Haworth, [1811]) 26.04.2018, ML Hedya pruniana Crataegus SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 - (Hübner, [1796-1999]) monogyna 19.04.2018, VŽ Hedya pruniana GREECE, Athens, Tatoi, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 1 (Hübner, [1796-1999]) 07.05.2016, VŽ Hedya pruniana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Hübner, [1796-1999]) 26.04.2018, VŽ Hedya pruniana SERBIA, Oblačinsko jezero, Tortricidae Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - (Hübner, [1796-1999]) 19.04.2018, SS Neosphaleroptera SERBIA, Kamenički vis, Tortricidae nubilana (Hübner, [1796- Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5 - 15.05.2018, VŽ 1999]) Neosphaleroptera SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae nubilana (Hübner, [1796- Rosaceae Prunus domestica L5 - 26.04.2018, VŽ 1999]) Neosphaleroptera SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Tortricidae nubilana (Hübner, [1796- Rosaceae Prunus spinosa L5 - 22.04.2018, VŽ 1999]) aquana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 - (Hübner, [1796-1999]) 26.04.2018, MIM Notocelia uddmanniana SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Geum aleppicum L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Gradište, 07.05.2018, SS Notocelia uddmanniana SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rubus sp. L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 11.05.2017, VŽ Notocelia uddmanniana SERBIA, Sopot, Guberevac, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rubus sp. L6 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 24.05.2014, BH

40 V. ŽIKIĆ et al.

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Notocelia uddmanniana SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake) Tortricidae Rosaceae douglasii L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 15.05.2016, MIM schumacherana SERBIA, Suva planina, Bojanine Tortricidae / / L5 - (Fabricius, 1787) vode, 25.05.2018, ML Orthotaenia undulana SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Tortricidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Sapindaceae Acer campestre L5 1 26.04.2018, ML 1775) Pandemis cerasana SERBIA, Stara planina, Tupavica Tortricidae Salicaceae Salix caprea L5 - (Hübner, 1786) 02.08.2018, VŽ resinella Tortricidae Pinaceae SLOVENIA, Rakek, 1989, JF L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) Ptycholoma lecheana SERBIA, Banja Topilo, Tortricidae Rosaceae Rosa sp. L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) 22.04.2018, VŽ naevana Crataegus SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Rosaceae L5 1 (Hübner, 1817) monogyna 12.05.2013, VŽ Rhyacionia buoliana Pinus mugo, P. SLOVENIA, Subalpine belt, 1989, Tortricidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Pinaceae L5 - nigra JF 1775) Rhyacionia buoliana SLOVENIA, Subalpine belt, 1989, Tortricidae (Denis & Schiffermüller, Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris L5 - JF 1775) Syricoris siderana SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Tortricidae Rosaceae Spiraea sp. L4-5 - (Treitschke, 1835) 22.05.2016, VŽ Tortrix viridana Quercus GREECE, Magnesia, Tortricidae Fagaceae L4-5 1 Linnaeus, 1757 pubescens Almyros, 11.05.2016, SS Tortrix viridana SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero, Tortricidae Asteraceae Centaurea jacea L5 1 Linnaeus, 1758 27.05.2018, VŽ Tortrix viridana SERBIA, Niš, Delijski vis, Tortricidae Fagaceae Quercus frainetto L5 - Linnaeus, 1758 23.04.2018, VŽ Tortrix viridana SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare L5 - Linnaeus, 1758 24.04.2018, VŽ Tortrix viridana SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Tortricidae Sapindaceae Acer campestre L4-5 - Linnaeus, 1758 24.04.2018, SS Tortrix viridana SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura, Tortricidae Sapindaceae Acer campestre L5 1 Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrovica, 01.05.2018, VŽ Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, Yponomeutidae cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L4-5 3 europaeus 22.05.2013, VŽ 1813) Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Niš, Niška banja, Yponomeutidae cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L5 4 verrucosa 11.06.2015, VŽ 1813) Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, Yponomeutidae cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L5 4 verucosa 13.05.2015, VŽ 1813) Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L4-5 2 europaeus 13.05.2015, VŽ 1813) Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Niš, Niška Banja, cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L4-5 2 japonicus 14.05.2017, VŽ 1813) Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta Euonymus SERBIA, Lebane, Iustiniana Prima, cagnagella (Hübner, Celastraceae L4-5 2 europaeus 01.05.2017, VŽ 1813) Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta AUSTRIA, Tirol, Obergurgl, evonymella (Linnaeus, Rosaceae P 2 27.07.2015, VŽ 1758) Non-adult stages of European lepidoptera, trophic associations and a quantitative analysis of their parasitoids 41

Table A1 – continued Lepidopteran Host plant / Host plant / food Lepidopteran species Locality, date, and legator Stage/index No sp. family food family species Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta SWEDEN, Uppsala, 03.07.2014, evonymella (Linnaeus, Rosaceae Prunus padus P 2 VŽ 1758) Yponomeuta malinellus SERBIA, Radan mt. 10.06.2015, Yponomeutidae Rosaceae Malus domestica L5, P 5 (Zeller, 1838) SS Yponomeuta padella SERBIA, Radan mt. 10.06.2016, Yponomeutidae Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera L5, P 5 (Linnaeus, 1758) SS Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta padella SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera P 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2015, VŽ Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta padella SERBIA, Niš, Vinik, 12.05.2015, Rosaceae Prunus persica L5 2 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Spain, Sevilla, Aznalcázar, Zygaenidae Jordanita sp. / / A 1 03.05.2017, YML Zygaena carniolica SERBIA, Zlatibor, Čavlovac Zygaenidae / / L5, P - (Scopoli, 1763) 28.06.2018, ML Zygaena carniolica SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 - (Scopoli, 1763) viciifolia Gradište, 19.05.2018, VŽ Zygaena carniolica Onobrychis SERBIA, Tara mt., Derventa Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 - (Scopoli, 1763) viciifolia canyon, 25.06.2017, VŽ Zygaena ephialtes Astragalus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Zygaenidae Fabaceae L4 - (Linnaeus, 1767) vesicaria 21.05.2017, SS Zygaena ephialtes SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Zygaenidae Fabaceae Securigera varia L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) 21.05.2017, SS Zygaena ephialtes SERBIA, Niš, Pantelej, 11. Zygaenidae Fabaceae Securigera varia L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) 05.2015, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 10.05.2012, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae SERBIA, Sićevačka klisura Zygaenidae Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus L5 8 (Linnaeus, 1758) (gorge), 15.07.2013, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae SERBIA, Vlasinsko jezero (lake), Zygaenidae Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 16.06.2012, SS Zygaena filipendulae Astragalus SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) onobrychis 25.05.2015, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae Astragalus SERBIA, Sićevaka klisura (gorge), Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 - (Linnaeus, 1758) vesicaria Gradište, 07.05.2018, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Zygaenidae Fabaceae Vicia grandiflora L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) 25.05.2016, VŽ Zygaena filipendulae SERBIA, Radan mt., 12.06.2016, Zygaenidae Fabaceae Vicia grandiflora L5 1 (Linnaeus, 1758) VŽ Zygaena lonicerae MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Zygaenidae Dipsacaceae Knautia arvensis L5 - (Scheven, 1777) 13.07.2013, VŽ Zygaena lonicerae SERBIA, Zlatibor mt., Čavlovac, Zygaenidae Dipsacaceae Knautia arvensis L5 1 (Scheven, 1777) 27.06.2013, SS Zygaena lonicerae SERBIA, Kopaonik mt., Zygaenidae Fabaceae L5 - (Scheven, 1777) 19.06.2016, VŽ GREECE, Peloponessus, Zygaena lonicerae Lotus Zygaenidae Fabaceae Xerocampos, Nemea 24.05.2016, L5 2 (Scheven) tetragonolobus AN Zygaena lonicerae MONTENEGRO, Visitor mt., Zygaenidae Fabaceae Trifolium sp. L5 1 (Scheven, 1777) 11.07.2013, VŽ Zygaena purpuralis Zygaenidae Lamiaceae Thymus serpyllum SERBIA, Jadovnik, 10.06.2015, PJ L5 1 (Brünnich, 1763) SERBIA, Niš, Gornji Matejevac, Zygaenidae Zygaena sp. Fabaceae Securigera varia L5 - 21.05.2017, SS