ICCROM NEWSLETTER

December 2008 English edition 34

CONTENTS Cultural Heritage and Communication...... 1 News and Events...... 3 Building Knowledge: Fifty Years of Training at ICCROM...... 6 An Integrated Approach to Conservation and Management of Heritage...... 8 A New Headquarters’ Building for ICCROM...... 9 Training on Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe: an Approach to the Preliminary Condition Assessment...... 10 ICCROM History Poster...... 12 ATHAR Programme: Special Projects...... 14 One Day Workshop for Children and Conservation...... 15 UNESCO-ICCROM Partnership on Endangered Collections...... 16 Safeguarding Sounds and Images...... 18 ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions...... 20

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Programmes Staff

The articles in this newsletter reflect Office of the Director-General Office of Communication and Information the range of programme activities Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General Robert Killick, Manager carried out by ICCROM during 2008. These activities take place Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Mónica García Robles, Web Administrator worldwide in a variety of forms. Administration They involve courses, meetings, M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training, seminars and publications on a Maria Teresa Jaquinta, Liaison Officer Information & Fellowships wide range of topics, as well as (Cooperation with ) technical advisory missions and Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant other forms of support to Member Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG States. Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk Sites Unit The ICCROM programmes that Joseph King, Unit Director Documentation, Library and Archives were recommended by Council and Paul Arenson, Manager approved by the General Assembly Zaki Aslan, Project Manager, ATHAR for the 2008-2009 Biennium are as María Mata Caravaca, Archivist follows: Ken Kanai, Project Manager Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant • Conservation of Collections Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager • Conservation of Built Heritage Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant • CollAsia 2010 Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA • Africa 2009 2009 Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant • ATHAR • Latin America Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance • Forum Service/Library Assistant Elena Incerti Medici, Senior Administrative Assistant Administration and Logistics Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative Administration Assistant, AFRICA 2009 Roberto Nahum, Information Systems Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative Administrator Assistant, ATHAR Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk Collections Unit Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk

Katriina Similä, Project Manager Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk

Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics

José Luiz Pedersoli, Conservation Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant ICCROM Newsletter, 34 Scientist december 2008 Giuseppe Cioffi, Driver & Messenger Isabelle d’Ailhaud de Brisis, ISBN 92-9077-214-X Administrative Assistant ISSN 1010-2639 © ICCROM 2008 Isabelle Verger, Administrative Assistant

Cover photograph: Sir Bernard Feilden lecturing in the historic city of Champaner during the 1987 Bangalore Seminar, Public Works Department, . 1

Cultural Heritage and Communication Mounir Bouchenaki (ICCROM)

The spectacular development of new The networking of the library services information and communication technologies and the opportunity to gain online access to at the end of the twentieth and the beginning bibliographic records has given an extra boost of the twenty-first centuries has given rise to this service. Acknowledged to be one of the to questions about the place that cultural world’s best-endowed libraries on every subject heritage will occupy in a world in which dealing with cultural heritage conservation and modern societies are increasingly making use restoration, its function was enhanced during of those technologies. Conventional media the 1970s and 1980s by producing abstracts have had to adapt to the digital revolution from selected publications. This activity was and miniaturization, while the new forms of reinstated twenty years later thanks to funding communication via the Internet and satellite from the Getty Conservation Institute via TV, and ever-expanding access to high Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts definition images, are modifying the whole (AATA). These abstracts, written in English media landscape. from conservation literature published in many Cultural heritage conservation professionals languages, have been warmly welcomed by are faced with establishing the degree to students and researchers alike. which this metamorphosis in the information The digital dissemination of information and communications media will impact on on ICCROM and the missions with which it their work, seeing whether it will improve has been tasked is one of today’s challenges. the dissemination of information about It was with this in mind that, in 2006, we cultural heritage, and, above all, whether it added a new search engine, implemented by can heighten sensitivity to protecting and Google, which has made it much easier to find enhancing it. items on the ICCROM web site. The free text As Lotfi Maherzi emphasized, ‘A number search includes the web site and associated of authors and researchers agree that a new pdf documents, and there is also an option to information age is in the process of rapidly search the library catalogue. replacing the industrial era…in this new Working and informing are an obligation phase, science and knowledge are becoming for every institution wishing to develop the critical vectors of the so-called “value- and ICCROM is no exception to this. Like added” economy. Global networks are no other governmental and non-governmental longer mere pathways for information, but organizations, it must provide information generate new knowledge which has a part on the rationale of its work and its linkage to play in the processing of products. This with the concerns of contemporary societies underscores the importance of non-material in which there is increasing interest in resources such as software, computer environmental conservation in general, and the applications, programmes and services: these conservation of cultural heritage in particular. become the new raw materials and the real What, then, should ICCROM be doing to wealth of the knowledge-based society.’1 develop communication and to put across One of the first challenges facing ICCROM its messages on its objectives and specific has been how to adapt its communication activities? In addition to the technical support tools and make its website easily accessible, provided by digital technology, the mass and enable it to serve both the community of media are obviously acquiring a leading role researchers and conservators working on the in an organisation like ICCROM. More than ten protection of cultural heritage and the public at years ago, ICCROM launched a project which large who are showing an increasing interest in had enormous resonance with the general the training of professionals and specialists in public, especially in Italy, directly appealing to this area of activity. the mass media with the slogan ‘Media Save Hundreds of hits are recorded every day, Art’. Schoolchildren were made aware of the demonstrating the importance of keeping a problems of safeguarding cultural heritage, vibrant channel open between ICCROM and all and several journalists were awarded the those who are interested in its work, in every ‘Media Save Art’ prize for the quality and the region of the world. impact of their articles on cultural heritage in 1World Communication Report. The media and the different parts of the world. challenge of the new technologies, published in 1997 Following this experience, which was by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and lauded at the time by UNESCO, we feel that we Cultural Organization, p. 11. should now find ways and means of pursuing

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 2

the same communication process, because known, and consequently better supported by it can play a crucial role, first in making the its governing bodies. largest possible number of people aware It is true that it is comparatively easy to of the challenges constantly confronting attract the attention of the public and of cultural heritage, and then in urging decision- the authorities to address threats posed to makers to provide adequate funding for the nature and man as a result of climate change operations needed to safeguard that heritage. or increased pollution levels. But cultural Since 1995, ICCROM, together with the heritage is no less exposed to risks and to UNESCO Education Sector and the World irreversible degradation as a result of disasters Heritage Centre, has produced an education caused by mankind. It is precisely to provide kit for schools entitled World Heritage in Young assistance for the study of cultural heritage Hands. Translated into over twenty languages, conservation that ICCROM was originally this kit has since become a valuable tool for established. handing on knowledge about World Heritage How to disseminate knowledge and sites. I have seen this for myself at Regional appreciation of these programmes and Workshops in Latin America, Africa, Asia and guarantee their international development is a the Arab States where I have met teachers with major challenge, and it is here that information a keen interest in developing the kit. and communication technologies can provide ICCROM now has to make a similar a new tool and become an invaluable ally of kind of communication effort to make the conservation and restoration experts. conservation and restoration professions better

Sir Bernard Melchior Feilden, 1919–2008 A personal memoir

Elected Director of the International Centre engineers to calculate complex structural for Conservation in 1977, Bernard gave it a systems. At the same time he was a realist. new and solid foundation. He invented the Looking at the cracks in an historic bridge, new acronym: ICCROM, taking the initials of he asked his engineer colleague: “Where the Centre and adding Rom(e). He also gave are your calculations?” The answer was: the organization its first flag. He established “There are no calculations.” To this Bernard a career structure for the organization and commented: “So, we can work as equals.” had ICCROM join the UN Pension Fund and Bernard believed in professional and healthcare system. He activated the Council multidisciplinary training. He considered by establishing sub-committees for budget that architects should learn the language and training. At the same time, he made it of scientists and introduced a small clear that it was the Director’s responsibility architectural laboratory for the ARC course to direct the organization. participants. At the same time, he brought Bernard had an exceptional ability to scientists to the field to take part in visual judge the qualities of people and situations. inspections. He also insisted that scientific He was able to focus on one issue at a time, and technical work should always be based and arrive at a balanced critical judgement. on sound conservation theory. He defined historic architecture as a spatial- Sir Bernard Melchior Feilden was above all environmental whole, which needed to a great human being and a wonderful man, be understood through systematic visual who cared for everybody and was able to inspection, keeping evidence and opinions talk to everybody. His slogan was: “Regular distinct. Bernard respected the capacity of inspections and maintenance, please!”

Jukka Jokilehto Rome, November 2008

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 3

News and Events

25th General Assembly of ICCROM ICCROM’s 25th General Assembly took place in Rome in November 2007. Eighty-nine Member States attended the three-day event, together with observers from thirty-nine partner institutions. It was held under the Patronage of the President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano, who sent his best wishes to ICCROM on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Agreement between Italy and UNESCO regarding the establishment of ICCROM in Rome. He stated that: ‘I am delighted to extend my greetings to the organizers of today’s ceremony and to the delegates of the Member States of ICCROM, who are gathered in assembly concurrently with celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Agreement between Italy and UNESCO which enabled ICCROM to establish its headquarters in Italy. I would like to express my appreciation for (MPC76), and latterly as a key figure in the ICCROM Courses: September ICCROM’s programmes and activities in the establishment and success of ICCROM courses 2007 – December 2008 field of the conservation and enhancement on Japanese paper conservation Architectural Records, Inventories and of cultural heritage through its great Information Systems for Conservation – commitment to training experts. 50th Anniversary celebrations ARIS07, ICCROM, Rome, 12 September Italy, which occupies first place in the A celebration of the 50th Anniversary – 12 October 2007. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration with the Getty world for the number of sites inscribed in the of the signature, on 27 April 1957, of the Conservation Institute. World Heritage List, is honoured to host an Headquarters Agreement between the Italian Preservation and Restoration of Cultural organization that plays an essential role in the Government and UNESCO institutionalising Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region 2007: safeguard and recovery of cultural and artistic the presence of ICCROM in the Italian Preservation and Restoration of Wooden traditions in various regions throughout the territory took place at the Conference Hall Structures, Nara, Japan, 18 September- 19 October 2007. Organized by ICCROM world.’ of Palazzo Marini, on Thursday 8 November in collaboration with Bunkacho 2007. The vice Prime Minister and Minister (Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan), New Council Members of Cultural Activities and Heritage, ACCU Nara Office (Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Office, Asia/ The General Assembly elected the following Francesco Rutelli, the Assistant Director- Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO), the twelve new members to serve on ICCROM’s General for Culture of UNESCO, Mme National Research Institute for Cultural Council for the period 2007–11: Françoise Rivière, as well as representatives Properties, Japan. Yahaya AHMAD () from ICCROM’s Member States attended. Regional Course on Archaeological Corazon S. ALVINA (Philippines) Conservation in Southeast Europe ICCROM Forum 2007: Privatisation and 2007: Diagnosis and Conservation, Jeanne INCH (Canada) Butrint National Park, , 1-26 Raanan KISLEV () Cultural Heritage October 2007. Organized by ICCROM in Elena KORKA () The 2007 ICCROM Forum on Privatisation collaboration with the Butrint National Park, Butrint Foundation, and UNESCO Tommi LINDH () and Cultural Heritage took place in Catania, Venice Office-BRESCE. Blanca NIÑO NORTON (Guatemala) Italy between 13 and 15 September 2007. Course on Architectural Conservation Isabelle PALLOT-FROSSARD (France) The event was organized by ICCROM in Projects in , Istanbul, , 18 Luiz SOUZA () partnership with the Regione Siciliana, October-4 November 2007. Organized Marcelle TAKLA () the Fondazione Banco di Sicilia and the by ICCROM (ATHAR Programme) in partnership with the UNESCO-Iraq Satoshi YAMATO (Japan) Italian National Commission for UNESCO. Office in Amman. Zhou LU () It was attended by fifty Italian and foreign Africa 2009 8th Thematic Seminar: experts. The five sessions of the Forum Communication and Conservation 2007 ICCROM Award discussed topics such as: best practice and of Immovable Heritage in Africa, Professor Katsuhiko Masuda was named as management of public-private partnerships; Nouakchott, Mauritania, 22-26 October 2007. Organized by ICCROM Africa 2009 the recipient of the 2007 ICCROM Award. issues related to ownership, governance, and Programme in collaboration with the Professor Masuda has a long association standards; incentives for the private sector; National Office of Museums, Ministry with ICCROM, initially as a participant and educational and training standards. of Culture and Communication of Mauritania. on the ICCROM Mural Paintings Course

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Teamwork for Integrated Emergency New Member States Management in South East Europe Hossam Mahdy (Egypt) worked on (TIEM) Phase I: Workshop, Ohrid, ICCROM is pleased to announce the adhesion the compilation of an Arabic glossary for Former Yugoslav Republic of of the following new Member States: terms of conservation of cultural heritage Macedonia, 19 November-1 December 2007. Final review meeting, 13-18 (1 July 2007); (with equivalents in English). Dr Mahdy is October 2008, Donja Stubica, . (16 September 2007); a freelance architect who has contributed Co-organized by ICCROM, ICOM, (18 October 2007); to urban conservation planning for Cairo, the Getty Conservation Institute, UNESCO, the National Archives of Swaziland (25 October 2007); Alexandria, , Karak (), Erbil the , ICOM-SEE (ICOM Trinidad and Tobago (18 November 2007); (Iraq), Salalah and Ras al Hadd (). subgroup for South East Europe) and (13 December 2007); and Jagath Weerasinghe, Professor, Post- ICOM National Committee of the FYR of Macedonia. (18 June 2008). graduate Institute of Archaeology, University Member States of ICCROM now number 126. of Kelaniya, , worked on a ‘re- CollAsia 2010: Traditional Knowledge and Scientific Principles of examination of the concept of authenticity in Conservation, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Staff News relation to living heritage of South Asia’. 19 November-19 December 2007. Mr Ken Kanai has been seconded by the Organized by ICCROM in collaboration Visiting Researchers with SEAMEO-SPAFA (SEAMEO government of Japan to succeed Mr Sadahiko Regional Centre for Archaeology and Tanaka as a project manager for the Sites Veronica Piacentini, Institute for Advanced Fine Arts), UNESCO, Department of Unit. He comes from the National Research Studies, Lucca, Italy, worked on: ‘Safeguarding Museums and Archaeology of the Ministry of Information and Culture of Institute for Cultural Properties in Nara cultural heritage from natural and man made Lao PDR, the Lao National Museum. where he has experience in both architectural disasters. Suggestions for personnel involved Africa 2009 Special Thematic Seminar: and archaeological conservation. in the management of crisis scenarios: A Cultural Heritage Management and the The year saw the departure of three reference model for living religious property’. Challenges of HIV/AIDS, Livingstone, members of staff: Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Ioannis Poulios, Greece, worked with the , 19-23 November 2007. Organized by ICCROM (Africa 2009 Senior Conservation Adviser, Collections Living Heritage Sites programme to develop Programme) in collaboration with Unit; Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory an orientation manual on: ‘Living Heritage the National Heritage Conservation Coordinator, Sites Unit; and Webber Ndoro, Approach’. Mr Poulios is completing a PhD Commission of Zambia and the Riksantikvaren (Directorate of Cultural Project Manager, Africa 2009, who left to at the Institute of Archaeology, University Heritage in ). take up the post of Director, African World College, London. International Course on Conservation Heritage Fund. of Urushi (Japanese lacquer), Tokyo, Interns 2007-8 Japan, 10-15 September 2007. Fellows 2007-8 Alejandra Del Río Monges, Mexico (Built Organized by ICCROM in collaboration with the NRICPT (National Research Henry A. DePhillips Jr., Professor of Heritage Programme and development Institute for Cultural Properties, Japan). Chemistry at Trinity College, Hartford of a proposal for a long-term programme International Course on Wood CT, United States, undertook research for cultural heritage conservation in Latin Conservation Technology ICWCT2008, on the ‘Analysis of pigment and medium America and the Caribbean). Oslo, Norway, 26 May-4 July 2008. in a sixteenth century Italian cartoon: Aleksandra Dzikić Nikolić, Organized under the auspices of UNESCO by ICCROM, the Riksantikvaren authentication and attribution study’. (Collections Unit: 2008 Sharing Conservation (Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Fernando Diniz Moreira, Adjunct Decisions course and UNESCO-ICCROM Norway), NTNU (Norwegian University Professor, Federal University of Pernambuco, Storage Reorganization Project). of Science and Technology) and NIKU (Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage worked on assessing values and significance Olga García Jiménez, (CollAsia 2010 Research). in the conservation of modern architecture. programme: relationship between movable International Course on Conservation Amra Hadzimuhamedović, an architect heritage and development of sustainable of Japanese Paper JPC08, Tokyo, Japan, from , continued her cultural tourism strategies in that region). 8-27 September 2008. Organized by research on reconstruction of architectural Simon Lambert, Canada (Collections ICCROM in collaboration with the NRICPT (National Research Institute for heritage and post-war recovery. Unit: storage organization and production of Cultural Properties, Japan). Angeliki Ioakimopoulou, an architect didactic materials). Preservation and Restoration of specialising in the conservation of Ahmad Mansour, Egypt (ATHAR Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific architectural monuments, researched programme: aspects of heritage education for Region 2008: Research, analysis ‘Protective Structures for the Conservation of professionals and public outreach). and preservation of archaeological sites, Nara, Japan, 9 September-9 Archaeological Sites in Greece’.’ Iolanda Ratti, Italy (Collections Unit: October 2008. Organized by ICCROM Ana Labrador, Associate Professor in the SOIMA project and annotated bibliography in collaboration with Bunkacho Department of Art Studies at the University on sound and image preservation). (Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan), ACCU Nara Office (Cultural Heritage of the Philippines Diliman, collected data on Ona Vileikis Tamayo, Colombia/ Protection Cooperation Office, Asia/ ‘traditional methods of preservation of objects (Sites Unit: World Heritage issues such as the Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO), the from selected Southeast Asian countries’ and state of conservation, periodic reporting and National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Japan. explored how these methods could be better management plans). integrated in conservation training.

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Obituaries 2007-8 English Heritage, he was appointed Professor Collasia 2010: Developing Appropriate Bagher Ayatolahzadeh Shirazi, 1936–2007, of Heritage Conservation at Bournemouth Skills in Conservation, 10-30 September 2008, New Delhi. Participants attended died unexpectedly in Tehran, aged 71. Born University where he developed a new ICOM-CC, India. in Najaf, he was trained in architecture in specialist course on building conservation. Africa 2009: Intangible Aspects of Tehran. In the 1960s, he attended one of From 1991 he worked in private practice. Sacred Heritage Sites, Accra, , the first Architectural Conservation courses Professor Ashurst was an important 8-12 September 2008. Organized by organized jointly by ICCROM and the Faculty influence on many of the conservation ICCROM (Africa 2009 Programme) in collaboration with CHDA (Centre for of Architecture of Rome. For several years professionals who passed through ICCROM Heritage Development in Africa) and in the 1970s, Shirazi was responsible for the over the years. He was a lecturer at ICCROM’s The Ghana Museums and Monuments conservation management of the historic ‘Architectural Conservation Course’ from Board GMMB. city of Isfahan, and received the Aga Khan 1978 to 1993, where he was considered one Africa 2009: Conservation and Award for Architecture for this work. In the of the finest teachers and collaborators. He Management of Immovable Cultural Heritage in sub-Saharan Africa, Porto- early 1980s, he moved to Tehran as director also lectured regularly at the ‘International Novo, Benin, 1 September-21 November of national conservation services and was Course on the Technology of Stone 2008. Organized by ICCROM (Africa 2009 involved in the reorganization of its services, Conservation’ (the Venice Stone Course) Programme) in collaboration with EPA (Ecole du patrimoine africain) and the becoming the Vice President of the newly- from 1983 to 1997. He made a significant Directorate of Cultural Heritage of Benin. founded Cultural Heritage Organization of contribution to ICCROM’s work over the past Collasia 2010: Conservation and . After retirement, he continued to work thirty years, and he will be greatly missed by Context: Collections and their Heritage as a teacher at the University of Tehran where ICCROM staff and our extensive network of Sites, 13-24 October 2008, Siem Reap, he was much loved. professionals around the world. . Heinz Leitner, 1953–2007, a former Hernán Crespo Toral, 1937–2008, former Africa 2009: Impact Assessment and ICCROM participant (MPC78) and long- Assistant Director-General for Culture at Heritage, 20 October-14 November 2008, Karima, . Organized by time ICCROM collaborator, died after a long UNESCO, died at his home in Quito, Ecuador, ICCROM (Africa 2009 Programme) in illness at the age of 54. Initially trained in aged 70. Mr Crespo Toral was an important collaboration with CHDA (Centre for , Heinz received a Masters degree actor in the field of conservation of cultural Heritage Development in Africa) and the National Corporation for Antiquities in the Conservation of Wall Painting heritage in Ecuador, Latin America, and and Museums of Sudan. from the Courtauld Institute of Art, internationally. An architect and museologist ATHAR Programme: Conservation and University of London. Since 1999, he was by training, Mr Crespo Toral worked for 26 Management of Heritage sites in the Professor at the Dresden University of years at the Museums of the Central Bank of Arab Region, Sharjah, United Arab Fine Arts and Head of the Mural Paintings Ecuador where he served first as Founding Emirates, 27 October-4 December 2008. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration Conservation Laboratory. An outstanding Director of the Archaeological Museum and with the Government of Sharjah: Sharjah course participant, Heinz had an enormous Art Galleries, and later as Director General Department of Information and Culture, impact, despite his youth, on generations of Museums. In 1988, he joined UNESCO Sharjah Museums Department, American University of Sharjah, University of Sharjah, of ICCROM course participants through his as Director of the Regional Bureau for with support from the Directorate General strong involvement over twenty years in Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean of Development Cooperation, Italian courses in Rome, , and . in Havana, Cuba. In 1995, he moved to Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Further collaborations included his lectures UNESCO headquarters in Paris where he was Sharing Conservation Decisions Course, for the courses on Architectural Surfaces first Director of the Culture Sector (1995–8) Rome, Italy, 3-28 November 2008. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration Conservation (ASC) held in the 1990s in and then Assistant Director-General for with Centro Conservazione e Restauro collaboration with the Österreichische Culture (1998–2000). La Venaria Reale, Italy; INP (Institut Bundesdenkmalamt in Mauerbach, Austria, Bihanne Wassink, 1957–2008, paper National du Patrimoine), France; ISCR (Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione and his participation in the GRADOC conservator at the National Archives of ed il Restauro), Italy; OPD (Opificio delle Seminar on graphic documentation systems Netherlands and an ICCROM course lecturer, Pietre Dure), Italy. in mural painting conservation held at died unexpectedly, aged 50, at her home in CollAsia 2010: Buildings: Environments ICCROM in 1999. The Hague, Netherlands. She was educated in for Collections, Jakarta, , John Ashurst, 1937–2008, a long- paper and book conservation, and had been 10-28 November. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration with SEAMEO- time ICCROM collaborator in the field of working since 1981 as a paper conservator SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre for conservation of masonry and mortars, died at the National Archives of the Netherlands. Archaeology and Fine Arts); National at his home in the , aged She was also a conservation advisor for the Museum Indonesia; National Museum of Ethnology, Netherlands; The Getty 71. Professor Ashurst was an architect who International Conservation Centre of the Foundation. worked for over 20 years in public service, National Archives and advisor for disaster Management Planning for Cultural first with the Ancient Monuments Division management in the National Archives. Heritage, Shanghai, China, 24 of the Ministry of Public Building and Bihanne also contributed significantly to a November-6 December 2008. Works and later as a principal architect for current project of ICCROM, GCI and ICOM, Organized in collaboration with UNESCO World Heritage Institute English Heritage, in charge of research, ‘Teamwork for Integrated Emergency of Training and Research – Asia and technical advice, and training. After leaving Management (TIEM)’ in South East Europe. Pacific, China.

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Building knowledge: Fifty Years of Training at ICCROM Katriina Similå and Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM)

The fiftieth anniversary of ICCROM provides are more intimately linked than would an opportunity to look back at our activities appear by just looking at the list of activity and reflect upon our strategies. If ICCROM titles. Names given to activities may reflect was born with four statutory functions: a shift in focus or point of view, but inside information, advice, research and training, these activities many elements of previous it is certainly this latter which quickly courses are harvested and included within a emerged as the most prominent one. A new configuration. little more than thirty years ago, under the Forging interdisciplinary links has aegis of UNESCO, ICCROM was charged to remained a constant emphasis in ICCROM’s undertake an analysis of the ‘world needs training activities, becoming more in the training of conservation specialists’. systematically introduced within the This study, which covered movable and programmes as the different professional immovable heritage (excepting libraries and profiles within the heritage field become archives) was then discussed in an expert more and more specialized. meeting in Rome in April 1976. One result It is understandable that most was a closer definition of the role of ICCROM participants come to the courses looking in the field of training, namely ‘to assure forward to meeting the international and develop pilot or specialized training professional world and to discussing the projects…to keep in touch with the ever- latest trends in conservation. In fact, changing experience of teaching and to the strong input from the participants evolve formulas of methods and didactic themselves in providing and shaping the materials for their wider use and diffusion’. contents of the activity, and the process of Training at ICCROM is a means to an learning from each other, are often among end: it is one of the ways in which the the most cherished results of the entire organization assists Member States in experience. Nobody knows everything, and caring for and conserving their cultural everybody knows something; confronting heritage. This has meant that the current conservation issues during the consolidation of specific courses is not courses requires and is enriched by the an aim in itself, and the development of contribution of everybody. Over the years the different training activities has been the didactic approach has moved from linear strongly guided by the realities of the transmission of information to the joint heritage field in the Member States over process of building knowledge. the past fifty years. This flexibility has been While the importance of the courses a strength, allowing for a great variety in organized in Rome has always been training initiatives. These have included recognized, in the 1980s the Governing recurrent courses, the most well-known of Bodies of ICCROM voiced increasing which were the courses on Architectural encouragement to take the training activities Conservation (ARC), Conservation of out of Rome, and reach out to the regions Mural Paintings (MPC) and the Scientific and their realities. Since its creation, Principles of Conservation (SPC), organized ICCROM had been involved in setting up and annually in Roman springtime. implementing courses in different parts of An often overlooked dimension of these the world, but at this time more visible and seminal courses is that they took place structured regional programmes started simultaneously. This meant that, counting to take shape. While the courses in Rome all the participants, lecturers and other and the regional programmes both have members of course teams, there were easily their place within the gamut of ICCROM’s one hundred professionals from all over the activities, we should not forget the many world milling around the ICCROM premises. other international training activities This offered opportunities for both formal that have taken place in different parts of and informal dialogue between those from the world. Heritage institutions in Japan, different areas of specialization - encounters Austria, Norway, Brazil, Romania, to name that were not necessarily common in the just a few recent ones, have all hosted daily working contexts. international training activities. New activities do not appear out of Contrary to a commonly-held opinion, nowhere. The courses that have been ICCROM does not have a set of courses in organized throughout the history of ICCROM a drawer, ready to be implemented. The

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development of any of the training activities There are several strategies through is a complex, challenging and exciting which ICCROM contributes to the process, catalyzed and fuelled by perceived development of conservation education needs and identified opportunities. The in the Member States. In addition to importance of individual professionals and an advisory function in many national institutions worldwide as core partners and international meetings and working in giving shape and content to training groups on the theme, the ICCROM courses activities cannot be stressed enough. Great themselves engage with the wider input of funds, people, time and spaces educational aims and needs in the Member are involved in organizing courses. This States. The selection process of any course tradition of collaboration not only makes is always on the look-out for colleagues ICCROM training activities possible in the who are already involved in training first place, but also ensures that the training activities; participants are reminded during activities have a direct link to the realities the courses that they are not there only for of the professional community, and of their own edification but as members of institutions large and small operating in different types of groups of professionals; the heritage field in the Member States. It and special courses and course modules is worth noting that this idea of networking on communication and didactic skills have has been present from the founding been developed over the years. The new moments of ICCROM – well before the term ideas and skills gained during the training was coined. find many outlets in the home countries of This deep-rooted principle of working the participants. together makes it sometimes difficult to say ICCROM is an organization committed where ICCROM begins and where it ends. to building knowledge and reinforcing What is certain is that it is larger than the processes of learning through all of its house at the corner of Via di San Michele. activities. The strength of the heritage field in Training of trainers has been a constant the Member States depends most of all upon concern from early days of ICCROM. the committed and dedicated professional While the change propelled by individual community working within it. It is the participants in their institutions and mandate and privilege of ICCROM to work for countries has often been considerable, and with this community. ICCROM is a joint ICCROM has always been aware that the effort and a reflected image of its Member actual number of course participants in the States: the training activities are occasions different courses could never satisfy all the where this reflection is clearest of all. training needs. Therefore the multiplying Keeping ICCROM afloat in SE Asia role of the participants following the courses is of vital importance. It would be simplistic to assume that the participants would – or, indeed, should – deliver the course they just attended upon their return to their colleagues. The aim is to provide the participants with tools that will assist in the development of their own professional profile as trainers and educators. ICCROM is also very proud that many colleagues have grown into respected teachers of worldwide repute also thanks to their involvement in ICCROM’s activities. The importance of this worldwide pool of committed teachers is great. The field of conservation is small when compared to many other sectors. At the same time it is so complex that no Member State can claim self-sufficiency in resource people for training activities in every area of expertise.

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An Integrated Approach to Conservation and Management of Heritage Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM)

Anuradhapura: an early example Integrated conservation is currently a popular consultation and coordination. An integrated of integrated conservation topic in the conservation domain. At its simplest approach can facilitate consultation and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka is one of the this entails working together in a combined coordination with community groups and great cities of the ancient world and effort. For the practice of conservation and agencies. Understanding the views of all who was the capital of the country from management of heritage, which conventionally have an impact on heritage at an early stage about the 6th century BC to the 11th century AD. It is a World Heritage site. follows a sectoral approach, it is working beyond will enhance the inclusiveness of the decision- The remains are spread over some 15 professional boundaries with all groups that making process. square miles, but unlike many cities of have an impact on heritage in order to achieve This approach will often also accrue benefits the past, Anuradhapura is very much alive today as one of the most sacred results. The process can vary from a to the heritage sector itself. There are many sites to the Buddhists where millions simple effort to integrate scientific methods and examples where the legislation of other agencies of people gather on festival days. tools for better understanding of the behaviour has helped to protect large heritage sites and has The archaeological ruins are managed of materials and the processes of decay, to resulted in an allocation of human and financial by the Department of Archaeology working with legislative bodies, agencies, and resources for conservation. There are many through the Antiquities Act, but communities on the management of a historic examples, too, where early consultation and most of the land resources and infrastructure belongs to Buddhist city. It also involves working in an integrated coordination with other agencies has resulted communities, government agencies fashion within an organization. in better protection. Improving communication and the municipal council and are The term ‘integrated conservation’ received between the sectors and sharing knowledge are controlled through various pieces of legislation. its official status with the Declaration of other important advantages. Amsterdam (although the practice existed Mitchell and Hollick (1993) provide a In 1949, the government tasked long before) by the Congress of European working definition of an integrated approach the Town and Country Planning Department to work with the Architectural Heritage in 1975. It began as an which embraces three elements: a process, Department of Archaeology, effort to expand the definition of architectural a product, and a philosophy. As a process, it the municipal government, all heritage to include ‘not only individual ‘facilitates coordination between agencies, government agencies in charge of land resources and infrastructure, and buildings of exceptional quality and their local governments, community groups’. The the Buddhist community to develop surroundings, but also all areas of towns or conservation community should be aware the Sacred Area Planning Scheme and villages of historic or cultural interest’ and to of the potential implications of activities by a new institution to manage it. This is one of the earliest attempts of the seek support for their conservation within other groups for what they intend to protect, application of an integrated approach urban and regional planning activities. Its and proactively engage in consultation and to the conservation and management applicability now extends to the conservation coordination from the start. If such a mandate of a large heritage site. The allocation of resources was far greater than if the and management of cultural heritage in does not exist within the current regimes, scheme had been managed solely by general. An integrated approach is widely used they should seek changes to administrative or the Department of Archaeology. in the natural heritage conservation sector. regulatory procedures to achieve this. Why is an integrated approach needed? As a product, an integrated approach Conservation decision-making has become a facilitates the development of complementary complex process, due to an increase in those regulatory instruments. Although the emphasis factors and issues which affect the monuments of an integrated approach is on the process, and sites. These are often case dependent and this inevitably facilitates the developments vary considerably, but disregarding any of of complementary or totally new regulatory them can have negative affects on heritage. instruments as products which would benefit Heritage is inextricably linked to community the protection of heritage in the long term. and land resources. But both of these are Working together and developing new essential components of the development regulatory instruments are not the easiest process and are controlled by agencies whose tasks for a conservation community which is remit is not necessarily heritage conservation. often more familiar with fragmented, isolated, Any decision made by conservation speciality-driven working environments. communities independent of these other Conservation professionals have spent many Anuradhapura Preservation Scheme bodies can fail or have negative effects: this years working in their own domains to protect compels those communtities to look beyond heritage, with little concern for what happens the conventional limits of collaboration. in the vicinity of a site, let alone for others Reference A way must be found to reflect conservation affected by their decisions. In this respect, Mitchell B, and Hollick, M. (1993). concerns within the broader domain of the importance of the philosophical aspect of Integrated Catchment Management development, for their protection and to an integrated approach must be stressed: ‘an in Western : The Transition demonstrate that heritage is not merely a integrated approach should result in a shift from Concept to Implementation, Environmental Management, 17:6, pp passive recipient of resources but a major of organizational cultures and participants’ 735-43 contributor to sustainable development. attitudes towards acceptance and pursuit of This can only be achieved through broader cooperative approaches’.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 9

A New Headquarters’ Building for ICCROM Maria Teresa Jaquinta (ICCROM) and Paola Degni (MiBAC)

On 27 April 1957, UNESCO signed an agreement which would have also been used for the with the Italian Government to set up the decoration of the Chiesa Grande. headquarters of a new organization (now The complex was acquired by the State in known as ICCROM) in Rome. Italy’s offer to the early 1970s as premises for the Direzione host the organization included the provision of Generale delle Antichità e Belle Arti, Ministero suitable premises, located ‘in the same building della Pubblica Istruzione. It currently houses as or in the immediate proximity of the office various offices of the Ministry, including the of the Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, in order Direzione Generale per i Beni Archeologici, to ensure an efficient collaborative relationship the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la with this important institution’. Documentazione (ICCD), the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro (ISCR, First premises: Via Cavour formerly ICR). ICCROM’s headquarters have In 1959, ICCROM settled in an apartment been located at the northern end of the building on Via Cavour, close to the complex in the Cortile del Porto from 1973 to headquarters of the Istituto Centrale per il the present day. Restauro, as prescribed in the Headquarters’ Agreement, which at that time were in Piazza Convent of San Francesco di Ripa San Francesco di Paola. Soon ICCROM will be on the move again, relocating a mere 200 m down the road Moving to San Michele to part of the Convent of San Francesco a Side view of the ex-convent of San Francesco In 1970, the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ripa, still in the heart of historic Rome. a Ripa Aldo Moro, allocated space to ICCROM in This complex was originally a Benedictine the former Complesso Monumentale del convent and includes a church dedicated to San Michele, noting ‘the growing wealth Saint Biagio and a hostel and hospital for of support and interest that the above- the pilgrims who disembarked in the nearby mentioned ‘International Centre’ is gathering port of Ripa Grande. Saint Francis of Assisi as its activities expand calls for adequate stayed here during his visit to Rome, and premises with extreme urgency.’ in 1229 Pope Gregory IX reassigned the The construction of the San Michele buildings to the first Franciscan community complex began at the end of the seventeenth in Rome. century, but was only completed some 150 The needs of the hostel-hospital and the years later after many vicissitudes. The religious community led to expansion of the fragmentary development of the different complex, including a rectangular cloister parts of San Michele contrasts with the formal next to the church (fifteenth century); an and homogeneous front along the Lungotevere infirmary and dormitory (sixteenth century), a Ripa Grande. The earliest part, built between and a major reconstruction of the church 1686 and 1689, included a building with two itself (seventeenth century). In 1811 the low wings around the Cortile dei Ragazzi, complex was occupied by French troops and whose name derives from the original the religious community was moved out. It function of the building, intended for the was occupied again in 1849 by the Garibaldini internment and the rehabilitation of young and then, in 1873, expropriated by the State orphans. Subsequent additions included: a and handed over to the military. The complex woollen factory (1693), a reformatory for subsequently fell into disuse, but in 1977 was young men (1701), and a house for old men assigned to the Ministero per i Beni Culturali and women (1708). ed Ambientali and then to the Soprintendenza Successively were built new buildings per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali del Lazio. on the Piazza di Porta Portese (1706-1712), Conservation work started in 1979 and in including the customs barracks and behind 2000 one wing of the infirmary was finished them, in 1734, a prison for women was built and became the headquarters of the Centro based on a project of Ferdinando Fuga. Operativo del Comando Carabinieri Tutela In 1796, the complex was completed by Patrimonio Culturale. Nicola Forti with the construction of the The part of the complex that will house Paola Degni, architect, Ministry of Accademia delle Zitelle. Between 1831 and ICCROM headquarters faces onto the Piazza Cultural Heritage and Activities (MiBAC), is in charge of the 1834, Luigi Poletti built two lower wings in Porta Portese. The rehabilitation project is in conservation project of the ex- the area between the men’s prison and the its preliminary phase and is expected to be convent of San Francesco a Ripa river Tiber for marble and metals workshops, functional within two years.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 10 Training on Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe: an Approach to the Preliminary Condition Assessment Valerie Magar (ICCROM) and Corrado Pedelì

Since 2004, yearly courses have been provide repeatable and shareable principles organized on archaeological conservation and methodologies, as well as practical, aimed at young conservation professionals low-cost tools in the field of problem solving from Southeast Europe (Albania, Bosnia applied to conservation. These are used within and Herzegovina, , Croatia, the context of a preliminary investigation, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, focusing on a visual direct examination Greece, Montenegro, Serbia and ). of archaeological sites, structural ruins or The participants’ profiles have included objects, and an initial analysis of their state archaeologists, architects, and conservators. of conservation and their vulnerability. This During these courses, the existence of approach is conceived as a prior step to the similar problems within the region in the field scientific and instrumental diagnostic phase of archaeological conservation has become and the conservation plan. apparent, confirming also the need for long-term training activities to improve the System approach capacity of young conservation professionals The initial requisite for the diagnosis and and their networking possibilities. These, survey is the consideration of archaeological therefore, have been the two main goals of the context as a whole. Landscapes, training activities organized by ICCROM. The archaeological sites and the finds within objectives have also included: them, people, climate, temporary storage • to propose methodological approaches areas, events and conservation treatments are for the conservation and management of conceived as entities of a large, complex and archaeological heritage; dynamic system. A clear understanding of • to encourage critical thinking and the this system is a fundamental step to propose ability to pursue deeper lines of inquiry informed decisions for its future conservation for conservation and management of and management. archaeological heritage; and, During the courses, case studies within • to encourage communication and archaeological sites are used to teach networking between conservation and discuss the condition assessment. professionals in the region. Participants are guided through a series This short article focuses on the approach of exercises. The first step consists of to a preliminary condition assessment and decomposing the archaeological system they survey for archaeological structures or objects have been assigned; the logical idea behind used in the courses. The aim has been to this exercise is that by reducing complex systems (structures or objects) into smaller components, it is easier to understand the smaller parts first, and then slowly evolve into a larger picture. For this exercise, participants are requested to describe and observe the various components of their system using only their senses and naked eyes. An important element in this analysis is to also request participants not to use any implicit knowledge, in order to avoid any possible Functional-based abstraction assumptions that may lead to false reasoning. The idea is to focus on a description as objective as possible of what is clearly visible, both of the materials and their effects of decay (or alteration), with no conjectures on the possible causes at this stage. Not using any implicit knowledge in the early stage allows considering alteration and decay effects (weathering effects) not only as negative elements, but also as indicators Visual documentation of wall at Sirmium, Material-based abstraction of the current state of conservation and of Serbia. Top: location of cavities in blue; the vulnerability of the element, as markers bottom: areas with detachments in yellow of past events, or alternatively as potentially

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 11

beneficial elements for the conservation case studies. This process is supported using Identification of materials present in the case studies planning. another modelling technique (an Ishikawa or cause-effect diagram), which enables us Characterisation of materials Object-Oriented Analysis to identify the most relevant alteration and This type of approach is derived from decay factors and link them to a main cause. Visual recognition of alteration and decay effects standard methodologies used in Information The method allows for a progressive Technology and cognitive sciences, and is building of the hypothesis for the causes, Mapping alteration and decay effects known is those fields as Object-Oriented based on sound, visible data. The making of Analysis (OOA). The procedure, as mentioned the diagram allows an open discussion and Graphic representation of alteration and decay effects above, consists of ‘decomposing’ on paper the brainstorming between the team members. system in question, and then ‘remodelling’ it in By the end of the process, participants are Identification of links between effects a logical and hierarchical way, which facilitates able to present and discuss the preliminary Search for causes for those effects its understanding and preliminary analysis. diagnostic for all case studies, in a clear and The OOA then consists of identifying concise manner. The documents produced at Priorities/concerns. Vulnerability/risk assessment the attributes and behaviour of each of this time represent useful tools to continue with the components or entities of the system, deeper condition assessments, offering clear Synthesis of activities undertaken by and identifying relationships between the information which may be shared with many participants entities. With this approach, both the original other professionals, including conservation materials, and their effects of alteration and scientists, managers, or stake holders. decay are located and rated. By using a variety of different modelling Preliminary results with the method possibilities, the system can be graphically The use of this method as one possible represented and discussed by participants. preliminary approach to condition assessment, The interest of the method is that, by using a and to the understanding of alteration and combination of graphic elements coupled to decay phenomena, has been challenging, a common basic standard language, a similar but the results obtained so far have been understanding can be achieved for professionals interesting and encouraging. By the end of with different backgrounds, and discussion is the course, participants are able to confront possible even if those professionals may have complex conservation situations within potentially different goals, but wish to work in archaeological sites. The logical decomposition an interdisciplinary manner. process allows smaller parts of each system In order to achieve that standard language, to be analyzed and discussed, after which participants are requested to confront and the wider picture can be built. The emphasis compare various existing international on the use of the most objective possible glossaries and classification schemes used interpretation and description also enables an for condition assessments and surveys. easier communication between participants, Corrado Pedelì is a conservator- This exercise has a two-fold aim. On one by clearly describing what the problem is, restorer specializing in condition hand, it seeks a critical reasoning from the and without introducing assumptions or assessments and emergency treatments for archaeological sites. participants on the logic and classification preconceptions, which could lead to wrong He is the co-author (with Stefano system used behind each of those glossaries. conclusions and inadequate conservation or Pulga) of ‘Practiche conservative sullo For the purpose of each course, participants management proposals. This is particularly scavo archeologico’ and a regular are required to develop a classification important to encourage peer discussion and teacher on ICCROM courses. system of weathering effects for their case peer training, in a region still lacking formal studies. On the other hand, the idea is to get training in archaeological conservation. familiarized with the condition assessment Example of an Ishikawa diagram terms, especially because the course is held in English. A multilingual glossary for Southeast Europe is progressively being developed. The final step in the process of the analysis, based on the previously gathered information, consists of developing hypotheses for the alteration and decay processes in the case studies. Once all objective visible evidences are rationalized, participants are asked to apply a root-cause analysis in order to define the most significant decay processes in their

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 12

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 13 Mural Painting Course (MPC), 1970, Sermoneta, Italy Sermoneta, 1970, (MPC), Course Painting Mural

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 14

ATHAR Programme: Special Projects Zaki Aslan (ICCROM)

ICCROM’s ATHAR programme (Conservation Conservation of mural paintings, Byblos of Cultural Heritage in the Arab Region) During the first core regional course, participants has recently expanded its geographic scope carried out condition assessment studies on the beyond , and Jordan to benefit twelfth century mural paintings of the Church all the Arab Member States. Another recent of Behdaidat, Byblos. A first campaign was then milestone was the signing in early 2008 of carried out to conserve the paintings. The team, a memorandum of understanding with the led by Isabelle Skaf and Giorgio Capriotti, also Government of Sharjah, UAE. In addition to included two former course participants (Badr the regular activities of the programme, several Gedeon and Ghada Salem). special projects have been undertaken. Such projects provide opportunities to develop the Conservation training, Iraq professional skills of those working in the region At the request of the UNESCO-Iraq Office and allow participants in previous ATHAR in Amman, a three-week training course activities to implement conservation approaches was organized in Istanbul for twelve Iraqi at actual heritage sites. Some of these projects conservation professionals. The main are also implemented because they have been objectives of the course were: to introduce requested by sister organizations such as the latest conservation methods and to UNESCO and the European Union. These have enable participants to acquire knowledge of focused on pressing training needs in conflict documentation, follow-up and monitoring areas, and have emphasized the development of works related to conservation planning of conservation approaches particular to the as applied to conservation projects in Iraq; Arab region. During the last year activities on and to provide guidance related to ongoing sites of international significance have benefited conservation projects in Samarra and Erbil. cultural heritage places such as Bosra, Samarra, Participants gained skills to follow up, supervise, Erbil and Jerusalem. and monitor current conservation projects in Iraq, particularly at the Al-Askari Shrine, Shams Project, Bosra, Syria Samarra and Erbil Citadel. It is expected that Under the SHAMS Project (Sustainable Human participants will also assist in the training of Activities in Mediterranean Urban Systems) technicians and workers at these sites in future. ATHAR is helping to draw up a sustainable strategy integrating the cultural, tourist and Institute for the Preservation of Architectural socio-economic development of historical Heritage, Jerusalem and cultural heritage at Bosra. Under a pilot The Institute for the Preservation of project, technical advice is being provided Architectural Heritage is intended to be a for the restoration of a courtyard complex of technical platform for the professional training extended family houses to be used for local of practitioners of architectural conservation benefit and attraction of eco-tourism. Former in Jerusalem. It is being established by the Old course participants are playing key roles in City of Jerusalem Revitalisation Programme, this work, illustrating the post-course impacts Welfare Association, Jerusalem, with European and successes of the programme’s capacity Union funding and in partnership with the Conservation of mural paintings, Church of building efforts. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. ICCROM is Behdaidat, Byblos involving course participants in curriculum development and the supervision of trainers. To date, an assessment of training needs has been SHAMS Project: elevation of Bosra house, completed, the methodology for a modular drawn by former ATHAR course participant programme developed, and the curriculum Anwar Sabik established for a pilot course in 2008. Since its inception, the ATHAR programme has undertaken a wide range of activities to support the role of heritage institutions in the region. As illustrated above, special projects form essential part of its activities, and provide important indicators to measure the impact of the programme throughout its implementation.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 15

One Day Workshop for Children and Conservation Mojdeh Momenzadeh (Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relics, Iran)

In the last few years, the Iranian Research the necessary information from the objects, Iranian Research Centre for Centre for Conservation of Cultural Relics familiarize themselves with the ideas of Conservation of Cultural Relics (RCCCR), tasked with the preservation authenticity and integrity, and then conduct Recent Awareness Projects of cultural heritage, has defined and basic techniques of conservation, using simple ‘Cultural Heritage in Young Hands’, implemented projects to increase awareness methods and tools. The children were also presentation during a training course on ‘Conservation and Management about the fragility of cultural heritage and shown how to look after similar objects at of Earthen Cultural Heritage’, (2-14 the need to preserve it, particularly aimed at home and asked to write stories about the December 2006, Chogha Zanbil). youth. The initial concepts and ideas were objects they have at home. The stories collected ‘Public Conservation, the Easiest derived from successful ICCROM projects such will be used in planning further activities. and Safest Way of Conservation as the ‘Media Save Art’ campaign (1991), and Parallel to the workshop, a special Management’, a presentation at publications like The Press and the Safeguard presentation was conducted for teachers the 8th Biannual Conference of Conservation and Restoration of of Heritage (1999) and Youth and the and parents. They were very pleased with Cultural Objects and Architectural Safeguard of Heritage (2000). this initiative and requested that such Decorations (December 2007). The most recent initiative was a one-day programmes be carried out regularly in Translation into Farsi of the book workshop for children on the occasion of the schools. To finish the day on a high note, Youth and the Safeguard of Heritage international day of cultural heritage (May certificates and gifts were handed out to all (ICCROM, 2000). 2007). It was organized with the following participating children. One Day Workshop for Children and objectives: The principal success of the workshop for us Conservation, on the occasion of the • to introduce children to cultural heritage was to discover how easy it is to generate interest International Day of Cultural Heritage and its fragility, and to the concept and in young minds about heritage and conservation (May 2007). importance of conservation; in a short time. We were pleasantly surprised by • to emphasize their role in the the interest shown by the children, as some of safeguarding of cultural heritage; their comments revealed: • to build a basic understanding of the key ‘It was a fantastic day for me; I have my factors and simple forms of deterioration great-grandmother’s scarf. It is lovely and I of cultural heritage; will try to maintain it in a good way. Someday • to generate greater appreciation among I want to give it to my daughter.’ teachers and mentors of the importance ‘I will give all of my classmates a copy of education of cultural heritage; and of my guidelines. We will shout tomorrow Mojdeh Momenzadeh, Head, • to popularize the motto ‘Cultural morning in the [assembly] queue “Cultural Department of International Affairs heritage without children: Never! With heritage without children: Never! With and World Heritage, Research Center children: Forever!’ children: Forever!” ’ for Conservation of Cultural Relics, Iran Thirty-three elementary students, their ‘I am very happy. I would like to be a teachers and some parents participated in this cultural heritage conservator when I grow up.’ workshop. Although the date of the workshop was close to the final school examinations, Participants in the one-day workshop thanks to the cooperation of the Ministry of Education and its offices throughout the twenty districts of Tehran province, the schools responded positively and became very involved. We used a very simple language and basic computer slide show to explain and familiarize children with the workshop topics. The entire session was very interactive. It was encouraging to note that the general knowledge of the children was well beyond our expectation. This was clearly evident from their keen questions and well informed answers during discussions. Paper, textile and pottery objects were used as examples as such objects are common heirlooms among Iranian families. We also prepared simple notes on how these objects were created and the most common signs of damage. The children used these notes, their imagination and inventiveness to extract

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 16

UNESCO-ICCROM Partnership on Endangered Collections Isabelle Verger and Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM)

UNESCO-ICCROM Storage Task In the last twenty-five years, the number of the workshop highlighted the poor results Force museums and the size of collections have of attempts by various organizations and Ivan Berger, Deputy Head of been growing rapidly while resources have donor countries to implant computerized Conservation Workshop, Methodical been spread more and more thinly. For many documentation systems in museums with Centre of Conservation, Technical museums, the situation is overwhelming, limited resources. Ninety percent of the Museum in Brno, especially for those in countries which have no museums in the survey which had attempted Martijn De Ruijter, Conservator and access to networks of resources and expertise. computerization had failed. The reasons Lecturer (Collection Management In autumn 2006, ICCROM and the Museum for this were several: lack of updated and Department), Tropenmuseum and Reinwardt Academy, The Netherlands Section of the UNESCO Division of Cultural organized documentation systems; complex Heritage held discussions about how to initial situations with incomplete inventories Ziva Domingos, Head of Museum address preventive conservation needs and catalogues, stacks of objects, mobility or Services at INPC, Luanda, in countries and institutions with lesser lack of staff, lack of interest and support from Aleksandra Džikić Nikolić, Conservator, resources. Both organizations agreed to pool the museum hierarchy and of follow-up and Diana Department for Preventive their know-how, experience and networks to assistance during the implementation of the Conservation, National Museum in Belgrade, Serbia work on this issue and in 2007 inaugurated documentation system. a three-year ‘Partnership for the Preventive As a result, UNESCO and ICCROM decided Aisha Fadhil Ali, Conservator, Fort Conservation of Endangered Museum as a priority to develop a simple approach Jesus Museum, Mombasa, Collections in Developing Countries’. that stresses the importance of performing Andrick Francisco, Consultant for This focuses on four key objectives: those tasks which are the basis for any Collection Management, Lopez • ensuring reliable documentation of museum documentation system, manual Memorial Museum, Philippines collections; or computerized (such as ensuring that all Alvaro Gonzalez, Head of the • creating the best conditions for preservation collections items are numbered, registered Conservation Science Unit, IDEA, and use of collections in storage; in a bound accession register, and have a Caracas, Venezuela • integrating emergency management in location system). Martina Griesser-Stermscheg, Head, museums; and The results of the survey are now being Department for Object Conservation, • assessing risks and deterioration for shared with other regions, notably Latin University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria effective preservation strategies. America and Asia. Initial feedback suggests The target institutions are small/medium that these regions have similar experiences Kamal Jain, Professor and Head, museums with limited resources and to Africa. Collaboration with organizations Department of Conservation, National Museum Institute, India containing less than 10,000 collection items. dedicated to the documentation of museum Activities carried out in 2007 dealt with collections is also being explored to develop Rosanna Kuon, Director in Charge, two critical topics: documentation and and disseminate basic documentation advice, Museum of Italian Art, Lima, Peru museum storage. In many museums in the taking into account existing resources and Mojdeh Momenzadeh, Conservator world, documentation of collections is still local approaches and attitudes. The intention and Head, Department of poorly organized, inconsistent and in some is to make a guide available, possibly on-line, International Affairs and World Heritage, Research Centre for cases even non-existent. This is a significant in French, English and Spanish. Conservation of Cultural Relics, threat, as poorly inventoried collections can A second major concern of the Teheran, Iran disappear and fall in disuse. UNESCO-ICCROM partnership is preventive Marìa del Pilar Salas, Coordinator, The objective here is to provide smaller conservation of collections in storage. Fine Arts and Cultural Heritage, Sub- museums from developing countries with Although museum storage is the heart of the Secretary of Culture of the Province of the necessary skills and tools to analyse their museum, in many cases little attention is paid Corrientes, current documentation systems and to guide to collections in storage, which become an them through a user-friendly method for inactive resource for the museum. computerized documentation systems for Such collections remain most of the time their collections. out of sight and sometimes out of mind. As a first step, a survey was undertaken Yet they can be exposed to significant and of the various documentation systems and increasing risks of damage, including poor initiatives that have taken place in museums tracking of objects, thefts or loss of objects, over the last twenty years. It focused on a damaged objects due to overcrowding, sample from sub-Saharan Africa (fourteen inappropriate supports or fixtures, and national museums in eleven different absence of environment monitoring and/or countries) and was carried out in partnership control. In order to maintain their role as For further information or to comment with the Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA). centres of knowledge and research, a central on this initiative, please contact the ICCROM Collections Unit (collections@ A subsequent evaluation and planning challenge for museums is to implement iccrom.org). workshop discussed results and actions for strategies for the effective care, management the project development. Both the study and and tracking of collections in storage.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 17

The objective here is to build museums’ the project, and capacity to re-organize the storage of their identification of collections in order to guarantee their resources that are conservation and use by the community and missing and should to share the competencies acquired with be developed. other museums in their country or region. Furthermore, two The project began with the design of pilot projects were an assessment tool for museum storage identified to test and based on a review of questionnaires and refine the proposed checklists from published sources and from methodology, one at unpublished course materials. The tool, the Museo Histórico in the form of a check-list with multiple Provincial de Corrientes, choice answers, allows non-specialized Argentina, and a museum staff to score the current state of second at the Museum the collections in storage, and identify if of Decorative Arts in and where improvements are needed. It is Isfahan, Iran. Both museums will serve as case Untidiness and poor tracking of objects in storage also a simple but efficient communication studies and will benefit from the advice and tool to raise the attention of museum support of the task force. The pilot projects directors and convince them to take were launched in May 2008, following a action. As a follow-up, in January 2008, meeting with the respective museums staff UNESCO and ICCROM invited a group of to present and explain the first phase of professionals experienced in storage re- the methodology, assign responsibilities, organization and training for a one-week start fund-raising, and identify existing and workshop in Rome to discuss and refine missing information. The museums filled out a common methodology to guide staff of the revised user-friendly assessment tool for smaller museums in the re-organization museum storage to score the current situation, of their collections in storage. Participants to test and assess the tool, and to suggest included twelve professionals from Africa, changes. They are currently completing the Asia, Latin America and Europe, who first phase, namely establishing a condition were thus able to offer a variety of views report of their museum storage. and experiences. In addition to refining a In early 2009, an evaluation meeting common methodology, the workshop also of the Storage Task Force will evaluate revised existing tools to explain or guide the results of the pilot projects and of the the process of storage re-organization. A working teams. collection of 315 images and visual aids was Although the three-year UNESCO-ICCROM compiled as well as a bibliography of print partnership was originally tailored for and on-line resources. endangered collections in less developed Following the workshop, these experts countries, current feedback suggests it is committed themselves to continue relevant to museums worldwide. collaborating with UNESCO and ICCROM Smaller institutions continue to struggle over the next two years to develop further with poor resources and limited access the methodology and the related tools. to expert advice. Although the available The ICCROM-UNESCO Storage Task Force literature has increased and a fair amount was created, with three working teams is today accessible on the Internet, addressing the following topics: proposed methodologies and tools do • further refinement of the proposed not respond adequately to the needs of methodology, in particular reviewing smaller institutions which are often faced and including missing steps or activities, with situations which have accumulated and developing short explanations for and worsened over time. Actions taken each step or activity; by ICCROM and UNESCO, combined • development of a step-by-step approach with consultation and sample surveys, to estimate space for collections demonstrated the need to motivate and that could be applied to a variety of build capacity of those smaller institutions collections and storage; and in improving the conditions and use of their • completion of the current list of collections. This is what we aim to achieve in bibliographic resources compiled by the next two years.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 18

Safeguarding Sounds and Images Aparna Tandon (ICCROM)

SOIMA 2007: Safeguarding ICCROM will turn fifty next year. At the heart of A limited access website set up for the Sound and Image Collections its institutional memory is the digital copy of a course continues to serve as an information Partners 1956 film recording of the proceedings of the and exchange platform for the network of Laboratório de Ciência da UNESCO general conference held at New Delhi, professionals. Tangible outcomes of the Conservação (LACICOR) India in that year. The historic decision to found training also include the conception of several Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ICCROM was taken at this general conference. national projects following up on course Cinemateca Brasileira, São Paulo, The organization was fortunate to acquire a ideas. For example, Vivian Spoliansky from Brazil digital preservation master of this important Argentina and Emma Rey from the Philippines Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections, (CRCC), recording from UNESCO. However, its sound are designing introductory university level France and image collection is at high risk. 40% of the courses in their respective countries. Similarly, Coordinating Council of Audiovisual records in this collection are not readable as the participants from Brazil, , Zambia Archives Associations (CCAAA), UK European Commission on required play-back equipment is obsolete. and are developing risk management Preservation and Access (ECPA) Having become complementary to the strategies in their respective institutions. Masters Degree Program in Moving written word, sound and image records are For wider dissemination, the valuable Image Archiving and Preservation, New York University (NYU), USA now found in diverse cultural institutions experience of the SOIMA community will be Office of Records Services, National that are not specialized audiovisual collected and synthesized through a web- Archives and Records Administration archives. As documents of the world’s based publication. It will differ from existing (NARA), USA memory and intangible heritage, they are of literature in that it will not be a ‘best practices’ The course, held in São Paulo, Brazil, immense value. Yet, in the current phase of publication, but will rather offer innovative was organized in partnership with transition from analogue to digital media, working solutions for managing and National Archives (AN), Brazil, and supported by a grant from the many institutions including ICCROM are preserving AV collections that respect existing Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New struggling to ensure long-term access to and resources and institutional frameworks. York, USA. preservation of their audiovisual collections. Conservation of audiovisual materials SOIMA 2007: Views from participants is complex and requires specialized guidance, skills and infrastructure. Elena Gudushauri, Curator of the Photo As analogue audiovisual materials are Archive, Georgian National Museum, sensitive to temperature and relative It’s been almost a year since I’ve participated in humidity changes, they require strict SOIMA 2007. This course was very informative storage conditions to extend their useful and helpful for my professional activity. It life. Meeting these requirements is a great changed my way of thinking regarding audio challenge for all institutions caring for these and image preservation issues. I can now materials as energy costs escalate and cold identify needs and problems, make decisions storage is increasingly seen as not being and set priorities. I feel more confident in this environmentally sound. field because I know now what information I To promote the conservation of endangered need and where to find it. If I have questions, I sound and image collections within national know where to find answers. cultural heritage institutions of its Member One of the largest and most important States, ICCROM introduced the collaborative projects of the Georgian National Museum is SOIMA (Safeguarding Sound and Image the building of the Conservation Centre which Participants, SOIMA 2007 Collections) programme in 2006. The first will include conservation and restoration major activity of the SOIMA programme was a laboratories and storages for different types of month-long international course, SOIMA 2007: material. I am currently working on a plan for BETTER IMAGES PROVIDED Safeguarding Sound and Image Collections. an archival material conservation laboratory, Professionals from twenty-five institutions and have also planned the relocation of the representing twenty-two countries came glass-plate negative collection due to the together in this first course to pool their building works. I have also been requested knowledge and experience. A major to review together with colleagues a project component of the course focused on of the Ministry of Justice (Preservation and incorporating structural programmes Safeguarding Conditions of the National for digital preservation in non-specialist Archival Fund Documentation). From my own institutions. Course activities ranged from experience, I must say that there is a real need lectures and group discussions to hands-on in the world of sound and image preservation exercises and study visits that highlighted for courses such as SOIMA 2007 and I would both palliative and preservative measures to like to thank the organizers and lecturers for be taken to safeguard audiovisual records. the hard and really useful work they have done.

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Peter Chitungu, Laboratory Technician, The which occurred when one of the staff members Livingstone Museum, Livingstone, Zambia forgot to close a tap on a Friday. The water Almost one year now after SOIMA 2007, started flowing towards the offices and the general approach towards audiovisual storerooms and affected 200 magnetic audio material preservation has greatly improved tape cassettes, two film reels and some splicing at my institution. There are now deliberate film adhesives. Thanks to the theoretical and projects in place to try and better the life practical knowledge on disaster response span of the small audiovisual collection acquired from SOIMA we were able to cope of VHS tapes in our custody. One of the with the disaster. immediate projects is to move the VHS tapes I used the ‘Emergency Response and from the current storage room with poor Salvage Wheel’ and the documentation Relative Humidity (RH) readings to a much provided during the course and these came in more suitable room with recommended handy. The disaster response exercise we did RH readings. The other project will involve in Rio de Janeiro came fresh to my mind as I migration of analogue video contents from led the response and recovery exercise. With VHS carriers to DVDs for the purpose of the help of my colleague, I managed to save access in case of technological playback all the materials that had been affected by the changes. We are not necessarily going to water. We then made recommendations to carry out digitization of these analogue video management which included the formulation Checking the condition of film materials. It is expensive and the institution of a disaster plan, training for all staff on cannot afford the cost at the moment. disaster response and recovery, and a risk This positive approach towards audiovisual assessment exercise. materials in our possession is a direct result Overall, I can say my institution gained of the knowledge and skills acquired during a lot, as I have also shared the knowledge I the SOIMA 2007 course. The course was acquired on the course with my colleagues in beneficial not only to me but also to my the Audiovisual department colleagues involved in audiovisual materials at Livingstone Museum, Zambia. Now we all Rubens Ribeiro Gonçalves da Silva, Vice- speak the same language of a better life span director, Instituto de Ciência da Informação, for audiovisual materials. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil The experience of attending the SOIMA course Mercy Mashingaidze, Audiovisual Archivist, was a great opportunity to be among lecturers National Archives of Zimbabwe and professionals from different countries, The SOIMA course had a positive impact with different economies, improving and on my professional life as an archivist. I sharing their knowledge. The knowledge has graduated from university with a degree in helped me to propose improvements to the History and Development Studies and lacked teaching of archival science to undergraduate. formal training in safeguarding sound and We have subsequently organized a one-day Types of audiovisual media image collections. Although I was learning ‘visual workshop’, to show the students what I through experience, it goes without saying saw and learnt during the SOIMA course. We that theory is the greatest foundation to all have also made changes in the ‘Documents practice. The course managed to equip me Conservation and Restoration’ discipline with the professional methods of audiovisual profile and started a short introductory archiving and it boosted my confidence in discipline (34 hours) about safeguarding this field - something that my institution sound and moving images collections to ten greatly appreciates. Before the course I had Masters students in Information Science, with so many doubts, and did not understand different and interesting professional profiles. why certain measures in preserving sound In June, the Information Science and image collections were taken, something Institute of Federal University of Bahia SOIMA managed to clarify for me. held the ‘VIII CINFORM –National Meeting My institution benefited as after the on Information Learning and Research’ course I can now handle preservation matters in the city of Salvador. Sound and moving according to international standards. A good images materials were the subject of two example of the institutional benefit is what important panels which included three happened in March of this year when my SOIMA participants. In fact, it is a result of department was affected by a water disaster the SOIMA experience!

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 20

ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions Paul Arenson (ICCROM)

Archaeology storage, transport and display, policy issues, La fachada poniente del Templo de Quetzalcóatl: examination and analysis, and certain health estudio del deterioro y consideraciones para su hazards in working with human remains. conservación, Villaseñor Alonso, María Isabel, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Architectural conservation (INAH). Ciudad de México, Mexico - 1st ed., El monasterio de Yuste, Checa Cremades, México, D.F.: INAH, 2006; 187 pp., 22 cm., Fernando (ed.), Fundación Caja Madrid, (Obra diversa). ISBN 968-03-0176-1 Spain, Madrid: Fundación Caja Madrid, 2007; The earliest conservation interventions 251 pp., 27 cm. (Monumentos restaurados, 7). carried out on the Temple of Quetzalcóatl ISBN 84-89471-33-7 in Mexico are, paradoxically, a deterioration The sixteenth century Monastery of Yuste, factor threatening its survival. Inappropriate site of the monastic reclusion and death of use of cement and resins caused salt Carlos I of Spain, also known as the Holy crystallization, cracks, fractures and slippage Roman Emperor Charles V, was the subject in the stones. The author undertook this of a careful restoration project between 1999 research project, involving a review of past and 2002, funded jointly by the Fundación interventions along with sampling and Caja Madrid and the Fundación Hispania petrographic analysis of the rocks, in order Nostra. The restoration uncovered a wealth to present considerations for conserving the of information on the construction, history western façade of the temple. and evolution of this complex of historic buildings. The first part of the book relates The restoration of Borobudur, UNESCO. Paris, building details and biographical aspects of France, Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2005; 288 the life of Carlos V at the monastery, while pp., 28 cm. ISBN 92-3-103940-7 the second section focuses on the restoration This book records the two-decade interventions and the identification of rehabilitation of the magnificent Buddhist traditional techniques and materials, site of Chandi Borobudur, located in Central including carpentry and masonry, lime work Java. This terraced temple is constructed and tinted stucco. from blocks of volcanic rock, with sections dating as early as 800 AD. Rediscovered Heritage after war: the Hadum Mosque in the early nineteenth century, by the restoration = Trashëgimia pas luftës: restaurimi mid-twentieth century the monument was i Xhamisë së Hadumit, Herscher, Andrew, showing such alarming signs of decay that Cultural Heritage without Borders (CHwB). a UNESCO restoration and reconstruction Stockholm, , Packard Humanities project was initiated in the 1970s. The book Institute. Los Altos, CA, United States of presents the temple’s history, provides details America, Swedish International Development on the UNESCO project as well as earlier Cooperation Agency, Prishtina: CHwB conservation efforts, and cites Borobudur’s Kosovo Office, 2007; 96 pp., 23,5 cm. recognition as a World Heritage Site in 1991. ISBN 978-9951-8741-0-6 Cultural Heritage without Borders (CHwB), Human remains: guide for museums and an international relief organisation based academic institutions, Cassman, Vicki (ed.); in Stockholm, Sweden with a mission to Odegaard, Nancy (ed.); Powell, Joseph (ed.), preserve endangered cultural monuments, Lanham, MD: Altamira Press, 2006; xix, 310 has been widely active in the Balkans. pp., 26 cm. ISBN 0-7591-0954-4 Among many other projects it has joined Citing case studies from the United forces with the Packard Humanities States, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Egypt and the Institute to restore the war-damaged Hadum United Kingdom, this book delves into Mosque in Gjakova, Kosovo. This bilingual the ethics surrounding human remains in publication (English and Albanian) details archaeological and museum environments, the restoration project, including the and how their treatment must differ from mosque’s history and description, the survey that of other collections. Issues addressed and documentation phase, and the project include ownership and stakeholders, implementation, including interventions to indigenous rights, repatriation and reburial, the minaret, the portico and the lead-sheeted and associated grave objects. Also addressed Ottoman dome. are appropriate handling and conservation,

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Bayt al-’Aqqad: the history and restoration architectural plans and construction of a house in old Damascus, Mortensen, materials. Extensive documentation and Peder (ed.), Danish Institute in Damascus. meticulous research characterize this Damascus, Syria, Aarhus: Aarhus University extremely informative work, which highlights Press, 2007; 440 pp., 4 folding plates, 28 iconic buildings such as the Church of Saint cm., (Proceedings of the Danish Institute in Francis and the Yacht Club in Pampulha, and Damascus, 4). ISBN 87 7934 215 9 the Niemeyer building in Belo Horizonte. The Danish Institute in Damascus, together with Syrian colleagues, began a restoration El concepto de espacio en la arquitectura project in 1997 on the Bayt al-’Aqqad, palatina andalusí: un análisis perceptivo a historic house in old Damascus now a través de la infografía, Almagro Vidal, protected under the UNESCO World Heritage Ana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones programme. The highly successful project Científicas (CSIC). Madrid, Spain, Madrid: both restored this magnificent house and CSIC, 2008; 372 pp., 24 cm. uncovered details of its long history that ISBN 84-0008-630-9 dates back to the Roman period, along with Computer graphics have proven a useful way examples of the most important periods in to study and analyse built heritage which the architectural history of Damascus. could otherwise be difficult to assess in situ due to problems with its conservation The conservation and restoration of brick state. Through examples from the Madinat architecture: special reference to Manipur, al-Zahra of the tenth century to the Nazarí North-East India, Biswas, S.S., New Delhi: palaces of Granada from the thirteenth Kaveri Books, 2008; xx, 130 pp., 29 cm. and fourteenth centuries, this research ISBN 978-81-7479-088-0 project presents a coherent discourse These proceedings of an ICOMOS-India on the perception-based analysis of the seminar discuss brick-built monuments of special character of the above-mentioned Northeast India, with special reference to reconstructed architecture, investigating Manipur. Articles present information on original aspects and spatial characteristics the land, people, traditions, customs, art and that are the starting point and necessary architecture of the region, and also address reference of later architectural creations. the difficulties facing the conservation of terracotta in that moisture-affected region. Historic interiors The significance of the Kangla Fort, the role of La Galerie des Glaces: histoire et restauration, the Mera Houchongba festival, conservation Albanel, Christine; Arizzoli-Clémentel, Pierre; methodology in Manipur, the conservation Coppey, Pierre; et alii, Dijon: Editions Faton, and restoration of Shree Shree Govindaji 2007; 418 pp., 31 cm. ISBN 2-87844-087-0 Temple (including extensive photographic The Galerie des Glaces (Mirror Hall), located documentation of the project), the Sana in the Palace of Versailles, owes its name to Konung or Royal Palace, and the conservation the 357 mirrors that decorate its seventeen of brick heritage buildings and temples in the arcades. The hall, built by Jule Hardouin- region are discussed. Mansart between 1678 and 1684, features an artistic decor designed by Charles Le Brun, in Architecture and documentation which large paintings evoke glorious episodes Da matéria à invenção: as obras de Oscar from the first eighteen years of Louis XIV’s Niemeyer em Minas Gerais, 1938-1955, reign, set off by sculpted mouldings decorated Macedo, Danilo Matoso, Câmara dos with magnificent allegoric trophies in gilded Deputados. Brasília, Brazil, Brasília: Câmara stucco. Thanks to the private patronage of the dos Deputados, Coordenação de Publicações, Vinci group, this unique ensemble recovered 2008; 528 pp., 16 cm. (Arte e cultura 5). its coherence and readability at the end of ISBN 978-85-736-5534-6 a four-year restoration campaign (2003-7), This inventory of buildings designed by during which it was thoroughly studied and Oscar Niemeyer and constructed over a documented photographically. The results period of seventeen years in the Brazilian are presented in this richly illustrated book, state of Minas Gerais is an opportunity to which also discusses the original seventeenth- situate them in the history of modernist century techniques that came to light in the architecture and to understand their course of the project.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 22

Das Grüne Gewölbe im Schloss zu Dresden: the erosion of traditional beliefs in African Rückkehr eines barocken Gesamtkunstwerkes, countries, particularly among young people, Syndram, Dirk; et alii, Staatliche has created a climate of insecurity for sacred Kunstsammlungen Dresden. Dresden, objects that is exploited by a Western market , Dresden: E.A. Seemans, 2006; 239 voracious for ethnographic materials. pp., 31 cm. ISBN 978-3-86502-148-9 The Grüne Gewölbe, or Green Vault, Legislation is an exceptional eighteenth-century Coletânea de leis sobre preservação do Schatzkammer or treasure house, located in patrimônio, de Castro, Sonia Rabello (ed.); Dresden Palace. Its world-famous collection Casco, Ana Carmen Amorim Jara (ed.), of precious objects gathered by Augustus Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Nacional (IPHAN). Brasília, Brazil, Rio de , represents one of the largest museum Janeiro: IPHAN, 2006; 311 p., 30 cm. No ISBN collections dating from the German Baroque, This compendium of selected Brazilian and and has fascinated visitors throughout its international legislation enacted from 1937 280 year history. Severely damaged and in to 2003, edited by the Brazilian national parts destroyed during the Second World cultural heritage ministry IPHAN, is intended War, the monument has recently undergone to clarify the legal instruments used by IPHAN a reconstruction and restoration project that to protect the cultural heritage of Brazil. The was completed in 2006. Architects, engineers, book presents laws, decrees, governmental craftspersons and restorers describe, in orders, resolutions and international individual contributions to the book text, how conventions that impact and orient the they worked together to revive the splendor of ministry’s work in identifying, documenting, this historic space as it was in the year 1733. attributing value, registering, promoting, preserving and safeguarding Brazil’s cultural La Sainte Chapelle, Leniaud, Jean-Michel; heritage, in all its movable or immovable, Perrot, Françoise, Centre des Monuments tangible and intangible aspects. Nationaux. Paris, France, Paris: Éditons du Patrimoine, 2007; 213 pp., 29 cm. Commentary on the UNESCO 2003 Convention ISBN 978-2-85822-920-8 on the safeguarding of the intangible cultural The Sainte Chapelle, on the Île de la Cité in heritage, Blake, Janet, Institute of Art and Law. Paris, is famed for the spectacular stained Leicester, United Kingdom, Leicester: Institute glass of its upper chapel that represents a of Art and Law, 2006; xviii, 180 pp., 24 cm. high point in High Gothic art. The richly ISBN 1-903987-09-1 illustrated work delves deeply into the history The commentary provides a general and iconography of this thirteenth century introduction to this convention, along monument and its vicissitudes over time. with a detailed article-by-article analysis of A final section discusses its glassmaking its provisions. The convention is situated techniques, historic maintenance practices, historically, normatively and operationally medieval and nineteenth century restorations, within the activities of UNESCO, the relevant and more recent interventions to the activities of other intergovernmental ensemble of stained glass. bodies, the intellectual property-related work of the World Intellectual Property Illicit traffic Organization (WIPO), and the issues posed Les dieux sont à vendre = Gods for sale, Brent, by the treatment of indigenous heritage and Michel, S.l., : Pacific Productions, traditional knowledge. The ramifications of 2008; 1 DVD (52 min.), PAL, region 2. French the use of the term ‘safeguarding’ rather than and English soundtracks. ‘protection’ are also discussed. Two religious sculptures that had vanished under questionable circumstances from the Management Dogon country of Mali were found smuggled Patrimoine culturel & développement into the art markets of Paris. After their local: guide à l’attention des collectivités return to Mali by police action, the sculptures locales africaines = Cultural heritage & underwent a difficult process of reintegration local development: a guide for African local into their village of origin. This documentary governments, Bocoum, Hamady (ed.); Dauge, film exposes the complex question of how Yves (ed.); Eloundou Assamo, Lazare (ed.); et

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 23

alii (ed.), CRATerre-ENSAG. Grenoble, France, and inappropriate restorations); this second Convention France-UNESCO. Paris, France, class is seen as having by far the most Grenoble: CRATerre-ENSAG, 2006; 108 pp., damaging impact. Present-day restoration 21 cm. French edition: ISBN 2-906901-45-8; treatments are extensively detailed. Mural English edition: ISBN 2-906901-46-6 paintings in a series of World Heritage Sites This booklet both presents the rich cultural are presented, including the Church of St heritage of Africa and serves as a guide for George in Suceava, the churches of Arbore local government officials to understand and Bălineşti, and the monastery churches of the resources and options available to them Suceviţa, Moldoviţa, Voroneţ and Probota. to protect that heritage. Sections define cultural heritage in its many facets, explain Paintings the role of local governments and territorial L’attenzione alle superfici pittoriche: materiali development in managing heritage, and e metodi per il consolidamento e metodi give abundant examples of important scientifici per valutarne l’efficacia: atti del achievements in this domain. congresso, Milano, 10-11 novembre 2006 = The care of painted surfaces: materials and Mosaics methods for consolidation, and scientific Progetto di recupero e conservazione della methods to evaluate their effectiveness: Villa Romana del Casale di Piazza Armerina, proceedings of the conference, Milan, 10- Meli, Guido (ed.), Centro Regionale per la 11 November 2006, Centro per lo Studio Progettazione e il Restauro. Palermo, Italy, dei Materiali per il Restauro (CESMAR7). Palermo: Regione siciliana, 2007; 364 pp., 22 Padova, Italy, Saonara: Il prato, 2008; 183 pp. cm., (I quaderni di Palazzo Montalbo, 12) (I (English), 191 pp. (Italian), 30 cm., Colour grandi restauri, 1). ISBN 978-88-88559-79-7 and conservation: materials and methods in This book presents the most recent restoration the conservation of polychrome artworks: project on the famed in situ mosaics at the third international conference = Colore e Villa Romana del Casale in Piazza Armerina, conservazione: materiali e metodi nel restauro Sicily, visited by half a million visitors yearly. delle opere policrome mobili: terzo congresso Analyses and interventions not only concerned internazionale, 3, Milano, Italy. the mosaics themselves, but also reassessed the Italian edition: ISBN 978-88-89566-93-0; protective shelter designed by Franco Minissi English edition: ISBN 978-88-89566-94-7 in the 1960s. Some thirty-five contributions The third issue of the CESMAR7 conferences cover all aspects of the project, which provided on Colour and Conservation focuses on a more stable conservation environment for consolidation issues. Contributions explain the mosaics and also foresaw the creation of a in-depth how consolidation works at a new shelter incorporating one restored section physical level, and how paintings decay due of Minissi’s original structure. to environmental conditions, their own constituent materials, and various kinds of Mural paintings chemical, physical or mechanical stress. New Pictura murală din nordul Moldovei: consolidation products such as cyclododecane modificări estetice şi restaurare = Mural are presented, along with analytical painting in the north of Moldavia: aesthetic techniques used to assess condition and verify modification and restoration, Boldura, Oliviu; the results of treatment, including differential Dina, Anca (ed.), Suceava: Accent Print, 2007; scansion calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, 447 pp., 31 cm. ISBN 978-973-1772-12-7 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and This richly illustrated bilingual publication scanning electron microscopy. (Romanian and English) addresses the problem of aesthetic interpretation posed Care and handling of thangkas: a guide for by substantial alterations to medieval mural caretakers, Hill, Victoria Blyth; Ma, Yin-wah paintings in churches located in Northern (ed.) : Pressroom Printer and Moldavia, Romania. Deterioration factors Designer, 2008; 75 pp., 28 cm. No ISBN causing these alterations are analyzed in Thangkas are a type of sacred Buddhist depth, including both chemical factors banner painted on cloth support with (alteration of pigments, environmental a variety of organic pigments; though conditions, biological agents) and human displayed flat, they are commonly stored factors (intentional modifications, vandalism rolled, which creates problems for their

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008 24

conservation. This bilingual manual (English Theory and history and Tibetan) introduces caretakers of Evolución de la tutela de los bienes culturales thangka collections to basic conservation muebles en España, S. XVIII-S. XXI, Quirosa procedures, describing techniques for García, Victoria, Granada: Editorial improving the conditions under which Universidad de Granada, 2008; 365 pp., 25 thangkas are handled, displayed, and cm. ISBN 978-84-338-4820-8 stored, using easily available supplies and Spain, with its huge wealth of cultural inexpensive solutions. heritage objects, has been subject to the same dangers such as pillage and illicit traffic that Dipinti tibetani dalle spedizioni di Giuseppe have affected other nations possessing similar Tucci: materiali e tecniche alla luce delle riches in movable cultural property. This book indagine non invasive, Laurenzi Tabasso, fills a gap in the literature by investigating Marisa (ed.); Polichetti, Massimiliano A. (ed.); how Spain gradually developed a protection Seccaroni, Claudio (ed.), ENEA. Rome, Italy, system for its cultural objects, using inventory Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale Giuseppe and legislative tools, from the eighteenth Tucci. Roma, Italy, Rome: De Luca Editori century to the present day. d’Arte, 2008; 333 pp., 24 cm. ISBN 978-88-8016-814-0 Les usages du patrimoine: monuments, musées Thangkas from the collection of the et politique coloniale en Algérie, 1830-1930, Giuseppe Tucci National Museum of Oulebsir, Nabila, Paris: Éditions de la Maison Oriental Art, Rome, Italy were the subject of des Sciences de l’Homme, 2004; 411 pp., 27 extensive non-destructive analyses carried cm. ISBN 2-7351-1006-0 out by the Italian science and research unit This work discusses the assessment ENEA. Historical background is presented and appropriation of Algerian heritage along with the results of radiography, that occurred as part of the French X-ray fluorescence and chromatography, colonial enterprise. Scientific and artistic revealing the wide variety, working investigations, institutions such as museums techniques and structural complexity of and monument registry, and the development these sacred paintings. Chapters discuss of a system and style of representation the holy inscriptions frequently concealed assisted the colonizing force in exerting under the cloth frames or between paint control over a foreign territory, yet also layers; underdrawings and Tibetan letters led to intense exchanges between France used to ascribe colours as observed through and Algeria, as the history and heritage of reflectography; and conservation practices. each country was unavoidably affected and redefined by the presence of the other. Paper and photograph restoration Indagini scientifiche e metodi di restauro: materiali archivistici, grafici, fotografici e pittorici, Residori, Luciano (ed.), (CFLR). Roma, Italy, Roma: Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, 2008; 301 pp., 24 cm. (Studi e ricerche). ISBN 978-88-902611-1-4 This publication brings together a series of technical and scientific articles based on case studies investigated in the chemical laboratory of the Centro di Fotoriproduzione, The books reviewed here may be consulted in Legatoria e Restauro degli Archivi di Stato the ICCROM Library. The library is located at (CFLR) in Rome, Italy. The investigations ICCROM Headquarters in Rome and is open cover paper, ink, pigments, parchment, from Monday to Friday, 08.30 –17.00. and photographic prints including daguerreotypes, glass plate and colloidal To purchase any of these books, please contact negatives, and salt prints. Issues relating to your local bookseller or the publisher directly. digital reproduction are also covered.

ICCROM Newsletter 34, Dec 2008

ICCROM would like to acknowledge the support of the organizations listed below

AAHM - Asian Academy for Heritage Management, Thailand E.C.C.O. - European Confederation Conservator - Restorers’ National Archives of the Netherlands, Netherlands ACCU - Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO, Japan Organisations, Belgium National Board of Antiquities, Finland ACCU Nara - Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO, Japan ECPA - European Commission on Preservation and Access, National Centre for Arts and Culture, Gambia Netherlands Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan National Heritage Board, Sweden Embassy of Colombia, Italy A.I. Nova - Academia Istropolitana Nova, National Museum Complex “ASTRA”, Romania EPA - Ecole du Patrimoine Africain, Benin ALECSO - Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific National Museum of Ethnology, Netherlands Estonian Academy of Arts, Organization, Tunisia National Museum of Indonesia, Indonesia Federculture, Italy Alvar Aalto Academy, Finland National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, AMCA - Association Monégasque pour la Connaissance des Fine Arts Department, Thailand Zimbabwe Arts, Monaco Fondazione Banco di Sicilia, Italy National Museums of Kenya, Kenya American University of Sharjah, Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco, Italy NHCC - National Heritage Conservation Commission, APSARA - Authority for the Protection and Management of Formez - Centro di Formazione Studi, Italy Zimbabwe Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap, Cambodia FUNARTE - Fundação Nacional de Arte, Brazil NRICPN - Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Arquivo Nacional do Brasil, Brazil GCI - The Getty Conservation Institute, United States Properties, Japan Assessorato alle Politiche Culturali e all’Educazione della The Getty Foundation, United States NRICPT - National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Regione Sicilia, Italy Japan Helsinki University of Technology, Finland Association of Private Committees for the Safeguarding of New York University - Moving Image Archiving and Herimed, Italy Venice, Italy Preservation, Únited States of America His Highness the Ruler of Sharjah’s Office, United Arab Association de Développement de Tiébélé, Burkina Faso NIKU - Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, Emirates Associazione Herculaneum, Italy Norway ICBS - International Committee of the Blue Shield, France Borsa Mediterranea del Turismo Archeologico, Italy NTNU - Norwegian University for Science and Technology, ICCM - International Committee for the Conservation of Norway British School at Rome, Italy Mosaics, OPD - Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Italy Butrint Foundation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and ICN - Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage, Netherlands Northern Ireland OTRA - Old Town Renewal Agency, Lithuania ICOM - International Council of Museums, France Butrint National Park, Albania OWHC - Organization of World Heritage Cities, Canada ICOM National Committee of the Former Yugoslav Republic Politecnico di Torino, Italy Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Rathgen Research Laboratory, Germany CCAAA - Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives ICOM SEE (ICOM regional alliance for South East Europe) Associations, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern RavennAntica - Fondazione Parco Archeologico di Classe, ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and Sites, Ireland Italy France CCI - Canadian Conservation Institute, Canada Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World Heritage ICRCPAL - Istituto Centrale per il Restauro e la Conservazione Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunisia CECI - Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana e Territorial, del Patrimonio Archivistico e Librario, Italy Brazil Riksantikvaren - Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Norway IILA - Istituto Latino-Americano, Italy Center for Research and Development on Culture, Indonesia Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, INAH - Coordinación Nacional de Conservación del Centro Conservazione e Restauro La Venaria Reale, Italy Patrimonio Cultural, Mexico SANEYOCOP - South Asian Network of Young Conservation Professionals, Centro Regionale per la Progettazione e il Restauro e per le INP - Institut National du Patrimoine, France Scienze Naturali e Applicate ai Beni Culturali, Italy SBAPVE - Soprintendenza per i Beni Architettonici e INP - Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunisia CHDA - Centre for Heritage Development in Africa, Kenya Paesaggistici di Venezia e Laguna, Italy Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments and National SEAMEO SPAFA - Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Chefferie de Tiébélé, Burkina Faso Museum, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Arts, Thailand Cinematica Brasileira, Brazil International Co-ordinating Committee on the Safeguarding Sharjah Museums Department, United Arab Emirates CNCR - Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración, and Develoment of the Historic Site of Angkor, Cambodia SIDA - Swedish International Development Co-operation Chile InterPARES Agency, Sweden CRCC - Centre de recherche sur la conservation des IPHAN - Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, SIPBC - Società Italiana per la Protezione dei Beni Culturali, collections, France Brazil Italy Commissione Nazionale Italiana per l’UNESCO, Italy ISCR - Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro, Smithsonian Institution, United States CRATerre-ENSAG, France Italy Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma, Comune di Ercolano, Italy IUAV - Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy Italy Department of Antiquities and Museums, IUCN - World Conservation Union, Soprintendenza Speciale per il Patrimonio storico, artistico Department of Culture and Information, United Arab IULM - Libera Università di Lingue e Comunicazione,Italy etnoantropologico e per il Polo Museale di Venezia, Italy Emirates LACICOR - Laboratório de Ciéncia de Conservação, Brazil Tampere University of Technology, Finland Department of Museums and Archaeology, Lao People’s LUISS Guido Carli - Libera Università degli Studi Sociali, Museums and Antiquity Agency, Tanzania Democratic Republic Italy UNESCO - Division of Cultural Objects and Intangible DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation, Serbia Ministerio de Cultura, Colombia Heritage, France Direction du patrimoine culturel, Benin Ministero degli Affari Esteri - Direzione Generale per la UNESCO - Division of Cultural Heritage, France Direction du patrimoine culturel, Burkina Faso Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy UNESCO Office Amman, Jordan Direction du patrimoine culturel, Senegal Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Italy UNESCO Regional Bureau for Education in the Arab States, Direction du patrimoine culturel et du développement Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland Lebanon culturel, Congo Ministry of Culture, Syria UNESCO Regional Bureau for Science and Culture in Europe Direction générale de la culture et du patrimoine de la Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, Romania - BRESCE, Italy République centrafricaine, Central African Republic Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, France Direction générale des antiquités, Lebanon Georgia Unione Latina, France Direction nationale du patrimoine culturel, Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Universidad Andina Simón Bolivar - Sede Ecuador, Ecuador Direction nationale du patrimoine culturel et des musées, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Jordan Università Bocconi, Italy Niger Mission culturelle de Bandiagara, Mali Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Italy Direction régionale de la jeunesse, des sports, des arts et de la culture, Mali Museum of Srem, Serbia Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” - Dip. di Storia dell’Arte, Italy Direzione Regionale per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici Naaba of Kokologho, Burkina Faso dell’Umbria, Italy Nara Municipality, Japan Université libanaise, Lebanon DOCOMOMO International, France NARA - National Archives and Records Administration, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates United States University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an intergovernmental organization (IGO), and the only institution of its kind dedicated to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage worldwide, including monuments and sites, as well as museum, library and archive collections. ICCROM fulfils its mission through collecting and disseminating information; co- ordinating research; offering consultancy and advice; providing advanced training; and promoting awareness of the value of preserving cultural heritage.

ICCROM Via di San Michele, 13 I-00153 Rome, Italy Telephone: +39-06585531 Fax: +39-0658553349 [email protected] www. iccrom.org

French, Spanish and Arabic versions of this Newsletter are available on request.

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY