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CURRICULUM VITAE

Michael A. Jochim

Department of Anthropology Residence: University of California 428 Danbury Court Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Goleta, CA 93117 (805) 893-4396 (805) 964-3667

Email: [email protected] FAX: 805-893-8707

Birthplace: St. Louis, Missouri, USA Nationality: USA

INTERESTS

Anthropological archaeology; European prehistory; Human ecology; Hunter-gatherers; Evolutionary anthropology

EDUCATION

1975 Ph.D., Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan. Dissertation: Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence and Settlement: A Predictive Model 1973-4 Doctoral dissertation research, Institut für Urgeschichte, Universität Tübingen, , with Dr. H. Müller- Beck and Dr. W. Taute 1971 M.A., Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan 1967-69 Medical School, University of Michigan 1967 B.S. in History/Pre-Medicine, University of Michigan 1965-66 Junior Year Abroad, Freiburg, Germany

TEACHING

1987- Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 1987-92 Chair, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 1981-87 Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 1979-81 Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 1977-79 Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, the Graduate Center and Queens College, CUNY 1975-77 Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara

FIELDWORK

2008 Palaeo-, Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW, Germany 2007 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic excavations, Kappel, Germany 2006 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic excavations, Kappel, Germany 2004 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic excavations, Kappel, Germany 2003 Palaeolithic excavations, Kappel, Germany 2002 Regional survey, Saulgau//Oggelshausen, Germany 2002 Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic site testing, Greolieres, 2000 Mesolithic excavations, , Germany 1999 Palaeo-/Mesolithic survey, Ostrach, Germany 1998 Palaeo-/Mesolithic survey, Ostrach, Germany 1997 Mesolithic/Neolithic excavations, Moosburg, Germany 1996 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic survey, Germany 1995 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic survey, Germany 1994 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic survey, Germany 1992 Palaeo-, Meso-, Neolithic survey, Germany 1991 Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW 2, Germany 1989 Palaeolithic excavations, Henauhof West, Germany 1988 Mesolithic survey, Germany 1987 Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW, Germany 1985 Palaeo-, Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW, Germany 1983 Palaeo-, Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW, Germany 1981 Palaeo-, Mesolithic excavations, Henauhof NW, Germany 1980 Mesolithic survey, , Germany 1978 Field testing for survey project, Federsee, Germany 1974 Palaeolithic excavations, Petersfels, Germany, directed by H. Müller-Beck, Tübingen 1973 Palaeo-, Mesolithic excavations, Zigeunerfels, Germany, directed by W. Taute, Tübingen 1972 Urnfield excavations, Havelte, Holland; Biological-Archaeological Institute, Groningen 1972 Mesolithic excavations, Havelte de Doeze, Holland, directed by R. Whallon 1971 Palaeolithic excavations, Visoko Brdo, Yugoslavia, directed by H.M. Wobst & D. Basler 1970 Mississippian excavations, Snodgrass Site, Missouri, directed by J. Price & J. Griffin

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

2004-07 Editor, American Antiquity 1988-90 Archaeology Review Panel, National Science Foundation 1987-92 Chair, Department of Anthropology, UC Santa Barbara 1987-07 Series Editor, Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, Kluwer/Plenum Publ. Corp, NY 1982-94 Editorial Board, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Academic Press, NY 1982-98 Editorial Board, UC Publications in Anthropology

Reviewer: American Antiquity, American Anthropologist, Human Ecology, Journal of Anthropological Research, Journal of World Prehistory, National Science Foundation, National Geographic Society, Earthwatch, Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation

AWARDS, HONORS

2009 Member, Executive Board, Suyanggae International Symposium Series 2009 Corresponding Member, Deutsches Archäologische Institut 2008 Research grants from Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, UCSB 2007 Research grants from Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, UCSB 2006 Research grants from Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, UCSB 2004 Research grants from UCSB (Faculty Research Grant; Social Science Research Grant) 2003 Research grants from Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, UCSB 2002 Research grants from NSF, UCSB 2001 Study Tour and Invited Presentation, Korea University, Seoul 2000 Visiting Fellow, CNRS, Valbonne, France 2000 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1999 Research grants from Wenner-Gren, UREP, UCSB 1998 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1997 Research grants from National Geographic Society, UREP, UCSB 1996 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1995 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1994 Research grants from NSF, UCSB, UREP 1993 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1992 Research grant, NSF 1991 Research grant, NSF 1989 Research grants from NSF, UREP 1988 Faculty Research Grant, UCSB 1987 Research grants from National Geographic Society, UREP, UCSB 1985-86 Senior Visiting Research Scholar, Corpus Christi College and Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, England 1985 Research grant, UREP 1983 Research grants, NSF, UREP, UCSB 1981 Research grant, NSF 1980 Research grant, NSF 1979 Archaeology Study Tour of German universities, sponsored by Ministry of Culture, Fed. Republic of Germany 1978 Faculty Research Grant, CUNY 1977 Fellow, American Anthropological Association 1976 Summer stipend, NEH 1975 Associate member, Sigma Xi 1973-74 German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) scholarship for study in Tübingen, Germany 1967 Graduation with honors, University of Michigan

LANGUAGES

German, French (reading)

PUBLICATIONS

1976 Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence and Settlement: A Predictive Model. Academic Press, NY

1977 Review of Of Men and Herds in Barrenground Prehistory by B. Gordon. American Antiquity 42:294-96.

1979a Catches and Caches: Ethnographic Alternatives and Prehistory. In C. Kramer, ed., Ethnoarchaeology, pp. 219- 46. Columbia University Press, NY.

1979b Breaking Down the System: Recent Ecological Approaches in Archaeology. In M. Schiffer, ed., Advances in Archaeological Research 2: 77-117.

1979c Review of European Prehistory by S. Milosauskas. Science 204: 1402-3.

1980a Postglacial Adaptations. In J. Moore, ed., Proceedings of the Conference on Northeastern Archaeology, Massachusetts Department of Anthropology Research Reports Nol. 19: 49-70.

1980b Review of The Early Postglacial Settlement of Northern Europe, ed. By P. Mellars. Science 209: 1235-6.

1981a Strategies for Survival: Cultural Behavior in an Ecological Context. Academic Press, NY

1981b Review of Catchment Analysis: Essays on Prehistoric Resource Space by F. Findlow and J. Ericson. American Anthropologist 83: 931-33.

1982 Fieldwork in the Federsee, West Germany. Mesolithic Miscellany 3(2): 6-7.

1983a Optimization Models in Context. In J. Moore and A. Keene, eds., Archaeological Hammers and Theories, pp. 157-71. Academic Press, NY

1983b Palaeolithic Cave Art in Ecological Perspective. In G. Bailey, ed., Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory, pp. 212-19. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

1983c Review of Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies, ed. B. Winterhalder and E. Smith. American Antiquity 48:664-65

1984a The Ecosystem Concept in Archaeology. In E. Moran, ed., The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology, pp. 87-102. AAAS Selected Symposium 92, Westview Press.

1984b Review of Prehistoric Foraging in a Temperate Forest: A Linear Programming Model by A. Keene. Man 19:330-31

1984c Mittelsteinzeitliche forschung im Federseegebiet (with S. Gregg). Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1983, pp 38-41. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart.

1984d Review of Advances in World Archaeology, Vol. 1, ed. By F. Wendorf and A. Close. American Anthropologist 87: 158-60

1985 Review of Prehistoric Europe by T. Champion et al. Science 230: 1372.

1986a Der Mittelsteinzeitliche Fundplatz Henauhof NW, Federsee. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1985, pp 33-36. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1986b Review of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers ed. By T.S. Price and J. Brown. American Scientist 74: 320

1986c Changing Economic Organization in Late glacial Southwest Germany (with A. Stewart). In L. Straus, ed., The End of the Palaeolithic in the Old World. BAR International Series 284, Oxford

1987a Late Pleistocene Refugia in Europe. In O. Soffer, ed., The Pleistocene Old World, pp. 317-332. Plenum, NY.

1987b Cave Dwellers. Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, NY

1988a Optimal Foraging and the Division of Labor. American Anthropologist 90:130-36

1988b Hunters of the Federsee, West Germany. Archaeology 41,4: 48-53

1988c Spätmesolithikum am Federsee. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1987, pp 30-32. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1988d Early Upper Palaeolithic Research: A Review. In J. Hoffecker and C. Wolf, eds., The Early Upper Palaeolithic in Europe and the Near East, pp. 273-77. BAR International Reports, Oxford

1988e The Scene in the Shaft at Lascaux (w. D. Davenport). Antiquity 62(236): 558-62.

1988f Review of La Riera Cave: Stone Age Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Northern Spain by L. Straus and G. Clark. American Antiquity 43: 873.

1989a From Hunters to Farmers. Archaeology 42(1): 42-45, 84-86.

1989b Stone tools and Optimization. In R. Torrence, ed., Time, Energy and Stone Tools. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

1990a The Environmental Basis of Mesolithic Settlement (w. K. Kvamme). In C. Bonsall, ed., The Mesolithic in Europe: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, Edinburgh 1985, pp. 1-12. University of Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh

1990b Review of Farmers as Hunters: the Implications of Sedentism, ed. By S. Kent. Journal of Anthropological Research 46: 97-9

1990c Review of Excavations on Oronsay: Prehistoric Human Ecology on a Small Island by P. Mellars. American Scientist 78: 68-9

1990d Die Spätpaläolithische Fundstelle “Henauhof West” am Federsee. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1989, pp 36-8. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1990e The Late Mesolithic in Southwest Germany: Culture Change or Population Decline? Contributions to the Mesolithic in Europe: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on the Mesolithic in Europe, pp. 183-192. University of Leuven, Belgium

1990f The Ecosystem Concept in Archaeology (revised). In E. Moran, ed., The Ecosystem Approach in Anthropology, pp. 75-90. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

1991 Archaeology as Long-Term Ethnography. American Anthropologist 93: 308-21

1992a Review of Thoughtful Foragers by S. Mithen. Norwegian Archaeological Review 25: 55-7

1992b Henauhof NW2: Ein Neuer Mittelsteinzeitlicher Fundplatz am Federsee, Kreis . Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1991, pp 32-35. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1993a Henauhof NW: ein Mittelsteinzeitlicher Lagerplatz am Federsee. Materialhefte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 19, Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1993b Archäologische Prospektion im Federseegebiet. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1992, pp 46-50. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1994a Review of Perspectives on the Past, ed. By G. Clark, and of Change and Continuity in a Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Society by B. Ericsen. American Antiquity 59: 167-9

1994b An Ecological Agenda for Archaeological Research. In R. MacDonald et al., eds., Great Lakes Archaeology and Paleoecology: Exploring Interdisciplinary Initiatives for the Nineties, pp. 5-24. Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo, Ontario

1995 Two Late Palaeolithic Sites on the Federsee, South Germany. Journal of Field Archaeology 22: 263-73

1996a Hunting and Gathering Societies. In D. Levinson and M. Ember, eds., The Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, pp. 624-29. Human Relations Area Files, American Publishing Co., Lakeville, CT

1996b Surprises, Recurring Themes and New Questions in the Study of the Late Glacial and Early Postglacial. In L. Straus et al., eds., Humans at the End of the Ice Age: the Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, pp. 357-64. Plenum, NY

1996c The Dynamic Center: Southwest Germany in the Stone Age. In I. Campen et al., eds., Spuren der Jagd---Die Jagd nach Spuren, Festschrift for Prof. H. Müller-Beck, pp. 315-18. Institut für Urgeschichte, Universität Tübingen, Germany

1997a Neue Mittelsteinzeitliche Untersuchungen im Federseegebiet. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1996, pp 29-31. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart (2nd author, w. S. Harris)

1997b Eine Frühjahrsprospektion im Federseegebiet. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1996, pp 32-34. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart (4th author, w. J. Noone, L. Fisher, M. Glass, P. McCartney)

1997c Review of The Late Palaeolithic Habitation of Haule V by P. Houtsma et al. Journal of Anthropological Research 53: 262- 64

1997d Review of Dictionary of Prehistoric Archaeology/Prähistorisches Wörterbuch by L. Owen. Lithic Technology 22: 190

1998a A Hunter-Gatherer Landscape: Southwest Germany in the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. Plenum, NY

1998b Mapping the Stone Age: an Interim Report on the South German Survey Project. In Aktuelle Forschungen zum Mesolithikum/Current Mesolithic Research, ed. N. Conard, pp. 121-32. Urgeschichtliche Materialhefte 12. Mo Vince Verlag, Tübingen (w. M. Glass, L. Fisher, P. McCartney)

1998c Steinzeitliche Ausgrabungen bei Moosburg am Federsee, Ldkr. Biberach. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden- Württemberg 1997, pp 21-23. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

1999a The Magdalenian Colonization of Southern Germany. American Anthropologist 101: 129-42 (w. C. Herhahn and H. Starr)

1999b The Interpretative Potential of Surface Lithic Scatters. In E. Cziesla et al., eds., Den Bogen Spannen…., pp. 161-68. Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte 20. Beier & Beran, Weissbach

2000a Ecological Theory in Archaeology. In L. Ellis, ed., Archaeological Method and Theory: An Encyclopedia, pp. 159-63. Garland Publishing, NY

2000b The Origins of Agriculture in South-Central Europe. In T. Price, ed., Europe’s First Farmers, pp. 183-96. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

2000c Review of L’Abri du Pape: Bivouacs, Burials and Retreats along the Upper Belgian Meuse, from the Mesolithic to the Low Roman Empire, by J. Leotard et al.. Journal of Anthropological Research 56:598-99

2001a Regional Approaches to Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers: Examples from Southern Germany. Proceedings of the First Advanced Seminar of the Research Institute for Archaeological Resources, Korea University, pp. 6-26. Korea University Press, Seoul

2001b Viewing Sites at Different Scales: An Example from the Palaeolithic of Central Europe. In Y. Lee & S. Lee, eds., The 6th International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbors, pp. 61-70. Chungbuk National University Museum, Korea

2002a The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory: A Survey. pp. 15-54. New York: Plenum/Kluwer

2002b The Upper Palaeolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory: A Survey, pp. 55-114. New York: Plenum/Kluwer

2002c The Mesolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory: A Survey, pp. 115-142. New York: Plenum/Kluwer

2003a Regionalism in the Mesolithic of Southern Germany. In L. Larsson et al., eds., Mesolithic on the Move: Papers Presented at the 6th International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm, pp.323-330. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

2003b The Site of Suyanggae and the Northeast Asian Palaeolithic in Light of European Palaeolithic Studies. In Y.Lee & W. Kim, eds, The 8th International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbors, Independent Session, World Archaeology Congress, Washington DC, pp. 37-42. Korea Research Foundation & Institute for Jungwon Culture, Chungbuk National University, Korea.

2004a Untersuchungen am spätpaläolithischen Fundplatz Kappel, Stadt Bad Buchau, Kreis Biberach. Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 2003, pp. 22-23. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart.

2004b Investigating Ecological Models of the End of the Pleistocene: New Research on the Late Palaeolithic of Southern Germany. In Y.Lee, ed., The 9th International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbors, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 164-167. Korea Research Foundation & Institute for Jungwon Culture, Chungbuk National University, South Korea.

2005a Fortsetzung der Grabungen im spätpaläolithischen Fundplatz Kappel bei Bad Buchau am Federsee (Kreis Biberach). Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 2004, p.22. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart.

2005b The Colonization of Lakeshores at the End of the Pleistocene in Central Europe. In Y.Lee, ed., The 10th International Symposium: Suyanggae and Her Neighbors, pp. 59-70. Cheongju, South Korea. Korea Research Foundation & Institute for Jungwon Culture, Chungbuk National University, South Korea.

2006a Regional Perspectives on Early Mesolithic Land Use in Southwestern Germany. In W. Lovis, R. Whallon, and R. Donahue, eds., Mesolithic Mobility, Exchange and Interaction: a Special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 25: 204-212.

2006b Human Behavioral Ecology, Domestic Animals, and Land Use During the Transition to Agriculture in Valencia, Eastern Spain. In D. Kennett and B. Winterhalder, eds., Foraging Theory and the Transition to Agriculture, pp. 197-216. Berkeley: University of California Press. (2nd author, with S. McClure and C. Michael Barton)

2006c The Implications of Inter-Group Food Exchange for Hunter-Gatherer Affluence and Complexity. In C. Grier, J. Kim, and J. Uchiyama, eds., Beyond Affluent Foragers, pp. 80-89. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Archaeozoology, Durham, England, 2002. Oxford: Oxbow Books

2006d Settlement Variability in the Early Mesolithic of Southwestern Germany. In C.-J. Kind, ed., After the Ice Age: Settlements, Subsistence and Social Development in the Mesolithic of Central Europe, pp. 175-180. Materialhefte zur Archäologie 78, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart

2007a Die Ausgrabungen 2006 an dem spätpaläolithischen Fundplatz von Kappel am Federsee, Stadt Bad Buchau, Kreis Biberach). ArchäologischeAusgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 2006, pp. 24-27. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart (first author, with Claus-Joachim Kind)

2007b One More Bog. In B. Hardh et al., eds., On the Road, Studies in Honour of Lars Larsson, pp. 207-211. Almqvist & Wiksell International, Lund, Sweden.

2007c Review of The Palaeolithic Occupation of Vogerherd Cave: Implications for the Subsistence Behavior of Late Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans, by L. Niven. Journal of Field Archaeology 32:434-436.

2008a The Mesolithic of the Upper and Upper Rhine. In G. Bailey and P. Spikins, eds., Mesolithic Europe, pp. 203-220. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2008b Mudden, Steine und eine Harpune. Archäologie in Deutschland, Jan.-Feb., 2008:40.

2008c Eine spätpaläolithische Harpune aus Bad Buchau-Kappel am Federsee (Kreis Biberach). Archäologische Ausgrabungen In Baden-Württemberg 2007. pp. 32-35. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart (1st author, with Claus-Joachim Kind).

2008d A Landscape in Stone: Using Lithic Analysis to Investigate Settlement Organization. In Y. Lee, M. Ambiru and K. Shimada, eds., Suyanggae and her Neighbours in Kyusyu. The 13th International Symposium for the Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of Suyanggae Excavation, pp. 3-10. Saitobaru Archaeological Museum, Miyazaki.

2009a Eine Nachgrabung in der mittelsteinzeitlichen Fundstelle Henauhof Nordwest am Federsee, Bad Buchau, Kreis Biberach. Archäologische Ausgrabungen In Baden-Württemberg 2008, pp. 31-33. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart.

2009b Walking Around the Federsee: Analyzing Mobility and Settlement Through Regional Surface Survey in Southwest Germany. In S. McCartan et al., eds., Mesolithic Horizons pp. 109-114. Oxbow Books, London. (4th author, with S. Harris, H. Starr and L. Fisher).

2009c Seen und sanfte Hügel: Freilandstationen am Federsee (2nd author, with T. Beutelspacher & C-J. Kind). Eiszeit: Kunst und Kultur, pp. 150-152. Archäologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg.

2009d Mudden und Steine: Saisonale Jagdlager am Federsee (1st author, with C-J. Kind). Eiszeit: Kunst und Kultur, pp. 354-357. Archäologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg.

In press

Human Behavioral Ecology and Climate Change During the Transition to Agriculture in Valencia, Eastern Spain. Local Actions in Global Context: Adapting to the Holocene in Iberia. Special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research. (3rd author, with S. McClure and C.M.Barton).

The Process of Agricultural Colonization. Local Actions in Global Context: Adapting to the Holocene in Iberia. Special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research.

The Impact of the 8.2 kyr cal BP Event in the Logistic Mobility of the Late Mesolithic Populations in Iberia. Local Actions in Global Context: Adapting to the Holocene in Iberia. Special issue of the Journal of Anthropological Research. (2nd author, with J. Fernandez).

Tradition and Context: Challenges in the Interpretation of the Early Palaeolithic. In S.Yi, ed., Diversity and Variability in The East Asian Palaeolithic---Towards an Improved Understanding. Proceedings of the International Symposium to Commenmorate the 30th Anniversary of the Discovery of Handaxes at Chongokni, Korea. Seoul National University, Seoul.

The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory, A Survey, 2nd Edition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

The Upper Palaeolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory, A Survey, 2nd Edition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

The Mesolithic. In S. Milisauskas, ed., European Prehistory, A Survey, 2nd Edition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Coping with the Younger Dryas in the Heart of Europe. In M. Eren, ed., Hunter-Gatherer Transitions Through the Younger Dryas: A Global Perspective.