Scripts, Spelling, and Identities
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Typesetting Classical Greek Philology Could Not find Anything Really Suitable for Her
276 TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4 professor of classical Greek in a nearby classical high Philology school, was complaining that she could not typeset her class tests in Greek, as she could do in Latin. I stated that with LATEX she should not have any The teubner LATEX package: difficulty, but when I started searching on CTAN,I Typesetting classical Greek philology could not find anything really suitable for her. At Claudio Beccari that time I found only the excellent Greek fonts de- signed by Silvio Levy [1] in 1987 but for a variety of Abstract reasons I did not find them satisfactory for the New The teubner package provides support for typeset- Font Selection Scheme that had been introduced in LAT X in 1994. ting classical Greek philological texts with LATEX, E including textual and rhythmic verse. The special Thus, starting from Levy’s fonts, I designed signs and glyphs made available by this package may many other different families, series, and shapes, also be useful for typesetting philological texts with and added new glyphs. This eventually resulted in other alphabets. my CB Greek fonts that now have been available on CTAN for some years. Many Greek users and schol- 1 Introduction ars began to use them, giving me valuable feedback In this paper a relatively large package is described regarding corrections some shapes, and, even more that allows the setting into type of philological texts, important, making them more useful for the com- particularly those written about Greek literature or munity of people who typeset in Greek — both in poetry. -
Teaching Initial Reading and Writing at the Very Beginning of Compulsory School Attendance in the Czech Primary School Phdr
FELA Initial Teaching in Europe 1st Symposium in Klagenfurt 2015 Teaching initial reading and writing at the very beginning of compulsory school attendance in the Czech Primary School PhDr. Marie Ernestová, Czech Republic 1 Introductory Facts • language typology: Czech is a flectional language • 7 cases in both singular and plural noun declination patterns and 6 forms in verbal conjugation (3 in the singular and 3 in the plural) • illogical grammar gender system (table=masculine, chair=feminine, window=neuter). 2 • language genealogy: Czech is a West Slavic language • with highly phonemic orthography it may be described as having regular spelling • the Czech alphabet consists of 42 letters (including the digraph ch, which is considered a single letter in Czech): • a á b c č d ď e é ě f g h ch i í j k l m n ň o ó p q r ř s š t ť u ú ů v w x y ý z ž 3 • the Czech orthographic system is diacritic. The háček /ˇ/ is added to standard Latin letters for expressing sounds which are foreign to the Latin language. The acute accent is used for long vowels. • There are two ways in Czech to write long [u:]: ú or ů. 4 • only one digraph: ´ch´ always pronounced the same, as /X/ as in the English loch. • All over Europe the ch-consonant combination makes problems as this ´/X/´ sound can be spelt in as many as eighteen ways: c, ć, ç,ċ,ĉ, č, ch, çh, ci, cs,cz,tch, tj,tš, tsch, tsi, tsj, tx and even k. -
Running Head: ORTHOGRAPHIC DEPTH and ORTHOGRAPHIC PROCESSING 1
Running head: ORTHOGRAPHIC DEPTH AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PROCESSING 1 This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article accepted in "Reading and Writing". The final authenticated version will be available at link.springer.com. The Effect of Orthographic Depth on Letter String Processing: The Case of Visual Attention Span and Rapid Automatized Naming Alexia Antzaka (ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3975-1122) Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain Clara Martin (ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2701-5045) Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain Sendy Caffarra (ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3667-5061) Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Sophie Schlöffel Running head: ORTHOGRAPHIC DEPTH AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PROCESSING 1 Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain Manuel Carreiras (ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6726-7613) Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain Marie Lallier (ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4340-1296) Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Author note The authors acknowledge financial support from the Basque Government (PRE_2015_2_0049 to A.A, PI_2015_1_25 to C.M, PRE_2015_2_0247 to S.S), the European Research Council (ERC-2011-ADG-295362 to M.C.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI20153653383P to M.L., PSI20153673533R to M. -
ABSTRACT Orthographic Reform and Language Planning in Russian
ABSTRACT Orthographic Reform and Language Planning in Russian History Sylvia Conatser Segura Director: Adrienne Harris, Ph.D. An oft-neglected topic of book history and culture, both in histories of writing development and in cultural histories of Russia and Eastern Europe, is the rich history of orthographic reform and language planning in Russian and Slavic history. Even more neglected are the cultural, religious, and political drivers of language planning and the relationship of identity to writing systems. This thesis aims to correct this oversight by synthesizing histories on the development of written Russian until its codification by Peter the Great in the early 18th century as well as the language reforms accomplished under the Bolsheviks in the 20th century. It will present analysis on motivations for these two periods of language reform as well as impulses behind resistance thereof; the resulting evidence will demonstrate the close ties of political and cultural, particularly religious, identity to the use of written systems as illustrated by the relationship of Eastern Orthodoxy to the Cyrillic alphabet. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS _________________________________________ Dr. Adrienne Harris, Department of Modern Languages and Culture APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM ___________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Corey, Director DATE: ____________________ ii ORTHOGRAPHIC REFORM AND LANGUAGE PLANNING IN RUSSIAN HISTORY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Sylvia Conatser Segura Waco, Texas May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . iii. Introduction . 1 Chapter One: Peter I and the Rise of Russian Print Culture . 7 Chapter Two: The 20th Century and the Maturation of a Writing System . -
The Case of Cyprus*
Perceptions of difference in the Greek sphere The case of Cyprus* Marina Terkourafi University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Cypriot Greek has been cited as “the last surviving Modern Greek dialect” (Con- tossopoulos 1969:92, 2000:21), and differences between it and Standard Modern Greek are often seen as seriously disruptive of communication by Mainland and Cypriot Greeks alike. This paper attempts an anatomy of the linguistic ‘differ- ence’ of the Cypriot variety of Greek. By placing this in the wider context of the history of Cypriot Greek, the study and current state of other Modern Greek dia- lects, and state and national ideology in the two countries, Greece and Cyprus, it is possible to identify both diachronic and synchronic, as well as structural and ideological factors as constitutive of this difference. Keywords: Modern Greek dialects, language attitudes, ideology, identity, Cypriot Greek 1. Introduction: Gauging the difference A question frequently asked of the linguist who studies the Cypriot variety of Greek is “Why is Cypriot Greek so different?”1 The sheer phrasing of this question betrays some of its implicit assumptions: ‘different’ being a two-place predicate, the designation of Cypriot Greek as ‘different’ points to the existence of a second term to which Cypriot Greek is being implicitly compared. This second term is, of course, Standard Modern Greek (henceforth SMG), which, nevertheless, being ‘Standard,’ also represents the norm — or, if you prefer, the yardstick — by which divergences are measured. As Matsuda (1991, cited in Lippi Green 1997:59) points out, “[w]hen the parties are in a relationship of domination and subordination, we tend to say that the dominant is normal, and the subordinate is different from normal” (emphasis added). -
The Greek Alphabet Sight and Sounds of the Greek Letters (Module B) the Letters and Pronunciation of the Greek Alphabet 2 Phonology (Part 2)
The Greek Alphabet Sight and Sounds of the Greek Letters (Module B) The Letters and Pronunciation of the Greek Alphabet 2 Phonology (Part 2) Lesson Two Overview 2.0 Introduction, 2-1 2.1 Ten Similar Letters, 2-2 2.2 Six Deceptive Greek Letters, 2-4 2.3 Nine Different Greek Letters, 2-8 2.4 History of the Greek Alphabet, 2-13 Study Guide, 2-20 2.0 Introduction Lesson One introduced the twenty-four letters of the Greek alphabet. Lesson Two continues to present the building blocks for learning Greek phonics by merging vowels and consonants into syllables. Furthermore, this lesson underscores the similarities and dissimilarities between the Greek and English alphabetical letters and their phonemes. Almost without exception, introductory Greek grammars launch into grammar and vocabulary without first firmly grounding a student in the Greek phonemic system. This approach is appropriate if a teacher is present. However, it is little help for those who are “going at it alone,” or a small group who are learning NTGreek without the aid of a teacher’s pronunciation. This grammar’s introductory lessons go to great lengths to present a full-orbed pronunciation of the Erasmian Greek phonemic system. Those who are new to the Greek language without an instructor’s guidance will welcome this help, and it will prepare them to read Greek and not simply to translate it into their language. The phonic sounds of the Greek language are required to be carefully learned. A saturation of these sounds may be accomplished by using the accompanying MP3 audio files. -
J33. Journal of the Simplified Spelling
the simplified Founded 1908 in London, England Working for planned change in English spelling for spelling society the benefit of learners and users everywhere Spelcon 2005 Conference Report International English for Global Literacy University of Mannheim – First International Conference, 29th–31st July 2005 Report compiled by Bernadette Hughes, SSS Business Secretary This report was intended to be Journal 33, but was not published at the time. Contents 1. List of Attendees 2. Speaker abstracts 3. Opening of the conference 4. Papers presented 4.1 ‘The worst aspects of English Spelling’ Mrs. Masha Bell 4.2 'Why the Internet age will not accept simplified English spelling’ Dr. Christopher Rollason 4.3 ‘How to prepare for, select and implement a reformed spelling scheme for global English’ Mr. Niall Waldman 4.4 ‘The German spelling reform – An example for the Simplified Spelling Society’ Prof. Gerhard Augst 4.5 ‘Report on the Spelling Bee Contest in Washington Challenges with English spelling while teaching English in Germany’ Mr. Adrian Alphohziel 4.6 ‘Spelling in Indian English – English spelling simplification activity in ‘my’ country: The classroom experience’ Dr. Jenny Bayer 4.7 ‘Strategies for implementing spelling reforms’ Mr. Christopher Jolly 4.8 ‘Centre of power in educational change’ Mrs.Isobel Raven 5. Final announcement by the Chairman 6. De-Briefing session 7. Additional papers 7.1 ‘An alphabet for English – XVIII’ Dr. J Conrad Crown 7.2 ‘Strategies for English spelling reforms’ Dr. L. Devaki 7.3 ‘A practical plan for achieving spelling reform’ Mr. J.Carter 7.4 ‘How systematic repair is possible’ Dr. Valerie Yule, SSS Vice-President 7.5 ‘The case for an International Commission on English Spelling Dr. -
WRITTEN DIALECTS N Spelling Reforms: History N Alternatives by Kenneth H
WRITTEN DIALECTS N Spelling Reforms: History N Alternatives by Kenneth H. Ives © 1979 PROGRESIV PUBLISHR, Chicago IL [112pp. A5 in the printed version] Library of Congress Catalog Card # 78-54745 ISBN 0-89670-004-6 Kenneth Ives is a sociologist and social worker, currently director of research and statistics for a family counseling agency. For the past 10 years he has been studying various aspects of spelling and spelling reform - history, phonetics, readability, writeability, acceptability, and problems of adoption. [Words originally underlined are now in italics. The spellings are as in the original.] Preface In recent years the variety of spoken dialects in English has become a subject for study and appreciation, replacing the former scorn and depreciation for "non-standard English." (Shuy, 1967; Labov, 1970, Butler, 1974) Similarly, differing but consistent ways of writing standard (or even non-standard) English may be viewed as differing written dialects. These include the standard "traditional orthography," (TO), accepted alternate spellings found in dictionaries (Emery, 1973) such as "altho, thru, dropt, fixt, catalog," Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet (ITA), and the 50 or more proposals for spelling reform. They also include earlier spellings such as Chaucer used, with the Anglo-Saxon thorn symbol for "th" (still used in Icelandic), and the alphabetic shorthand systems. Our traditional spelling became largely frozen with the rise of printing four centuries ago, and dictionaries and grammars two centuries ago, but our spoken language has had a "great vowel shift" and other changes. Hence the correspondence between our spoken and written dialects has become more complex, irregular, and confusing. -
Fl 002 857 Edrs Price Descriptors
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 058 787 FL 002 857 AUTHOR Herold, William R. TITLE An Experimental Study of the Teaching of French Pronunciation Using an "Ad Hoc" Phonemic Alphabet. PUB DATE 15 Jan 72 NOTE 7p.; Paper presented at the Western New York Council of Foreign language Supervisors meeting, January 15, 1972 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Comparative Analysis; Comparative Statistics; *Educational Experiments; *French; Graphemes; Language Instruction; Modern Languages; Phonemes; *Phonemic Alphabets; *Pronunciation; Pronunciation Instruction; Reading Skills; *Second Language Learning; Speech ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of reading development based on phonemic transcription and traditional orthography on the pronunciation of French as a second language. Sixteen level1 French classes in Western New York State schools participated in the experiment in which the control and experimental classes completed six weeks of study of an introductory French text in which the first three units were transcribed for the experimental group along thelines of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Changes were made, as necessary, in order to create additional symbols resembling the traditional grapheme as closely as possible. Pronunciation tests were administered following the initial period, and statistical results are discussed. Concluding remarks confirm thebelief that the effect of the written form of a language depends on the degree of correspondence which exists between the conventional orthography and the phonology of that language. (R14 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE TEACHINGOF FRENCH CATION POSITION OR POLICY. -
Not All Is Wrong with French Spelling Author(S): Albert Valdman Source: the French Review, Vol
Not All Is Wrong with French Spelling Author(s): Albert Valdman Source: The French Review, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Dec., 1963), pp. 213-223 Published by: American Association of Teachers of French Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/384917 Accessed: 01-05-2019 20:43 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms American Association of Teachers of French is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The French Review This content downloaded from 156.56.90.122 on Wed, 01 May 2019 20:43:55 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Not All is Wrong with French Spelling by Albert Valdman O NE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS of FL teach- ing "in the New Key" is that the spoken language is primary and writing only its derivative.1 Accordingly, the student's first task is discrimination among target language sound features, if not with near-native accuracy, at least in such a way that they are kept distinct from each other; for in- stance, in French /1/ must be distinguished and differentiated from /a-/ so that sentences like C'est cinq francs and C'cst cent francs may be kept apart. -
Orthography Development for Creole Languages Decker, Ken
University of Groningen Orthography Development for Creole Languages Decker, Ken IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Decker, K. (2014). Orthography Development for Creole Languages. [S.n.]. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 01-10-2021 ORTHOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT FOR CREOLE LANGUAGES KENDALL DON DECKER The work in this thesis has been carried out under the auspices of SIL International® in collaboration with the National Kriol Council of Belize. -
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar.