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Physiochemical and Antibacterial Characterization of Fruits of Three Chilean Trees
72 Fruits (2), 87–96 | ISSN 0248-1294 print, 1625-967X online | https://doi.org/10.17660/th.2017/72.2.4 | © ISHS 2017 Original article Citronella mucronata (Cardiopteridaceae), Pitavia punctata (Rutaceae)Physiochemical and Beilschmiediaand antibacterial berteroana characterization (Lauraceae), of fruits three of endemic and threatened Chilean trees , G.F. Narváez2, M.F. Morales3 3 4 and C.R. Figueroa 1 5,a F.A.12 Sáez , H.M. Bello , C. Balbontín 3 Master Program in Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 4 Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile Research Lab of Antibacterial Agents, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 5 Small Fruits and Berry Crops Research, Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA)-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile Summary Significance of this study Introduction – Several native tree species are What is already known on this subject? scarcely studied in relation to fruit properties. In or- • Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata and Beilschmie- der to bring about information of these plant resourc- dia berteroana are threatened endemic trees of central es, the characterization of ripening-associated prop- erties of the fruit of three endemic and threatened studied. Chilean trees (Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata Chile whose fruit properties have been scarcely and Beilschmiedia berteroana) was performed in the What are the new findings? present study. Materials and methods – The physio- • C. mucronata and P. punctata chemical characterization of two developmental fruit a high amount of pectin and bacteriostatic effect, stages in each species included the measurement of fruits extracts showed soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, for both fruits. -
Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Biodiversity in the Andes Region Efectos De Fragmentación De Los Bosques Sobre La Biodivers
Universidad de Concepción Dirección de Posgrado Facultad de Ciencias Forestales PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS FORESTALES Effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity in the Andes region Efectos de fragmentación de los bosques sobre la biodiversidad en la región de los andes Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Forestales JIN KYOUNG NOH Concepción-Chile 2019 Profesor Guía: Cristian Echeverría Leal, Ph.D. Profesor Co-guía: Aníbal Pauchard, Ph.D. Dpto. de Manejo de Bosques y Medioambiente Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción ii Effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity in the Andes region Comisión Evaluadora: Cristian Echeverría (Profesor guía) Ingeniero Forestal, Ph.D. Aníbal Pauchard (Profesor co-guía) Ingeniero Forestal, Ph.D. Francis Dube (Comisión Evaluador) Ingeniero Forestal, Doctor Horacio Samaniego (Comisión Evaluador) Ingeniero Forestal, Ph.D. Directora de Posgrado: Darcy Ríos Biologa, Ph.D. Decano Facultad de Ciencias Forestales: Jorge Cancino Ingeniero Forestal, Ph.D. iii DEDICATORIA 활짝 웃으며 내 손잡고, 길고 힘들었던 여정을 동행해 준 나의 사랑하는 남편 파블로, 바쁜 엄마를 이해하고 위로하고 사랑해주는 나의 소중한 두 꼬맹이 테오와 벤자민, 조건없는 사랑으로 믿고 이끌고 도와주신 존경하고 사랑하는 아빠 (노창균)와 엄마 (최문경)께 이 논문을 바칩니다. Para mi esposo, Pablo Cuenca, por su extraordinaria generosidad, fortaleza y dulzura. Para mis hijos, Teo y Benjamin, que son mi mayor fortaleza y motivación. Para mis padres, Chang Gyun Noh y Moon Kyung Choi quienes me brindaron su amor incondicional y me motivaron a seguir adelante. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge with great pleasure all people and organizations mention below for their assistance and support. My deepest appreciation to Dr. -
Bioclimatic and Phytosociological Diagnosis of the Species of the Nothofagus Genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America
International Journal of Geobotanical Research, Vol. nº 1, December 2011, pp. 1-20 Bioclimatic and phytosociological diagnosis of the species of the Nothofagus genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America Javier AMIGO(1) & Manuel A. RODRÍGUEZ-GUITIÁN(2) (1) Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). E-15782 Santiago de Com- postela (Galicia, España). Phone: 34-881 814977. E-mail: [email protected] (2) Departamento de Producción Vexetal. Escola Politécnica Superior de Lugo-USC. 27002-Lugo (Galicia, España). E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Nothofagus genus comprises 10 species recorded in the South American subcontinent. All are important tree species in the ex- tratropical, Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests of Chile and Argentina. This paper presents a summary of data on the phyto- coenotical behaviour of these species and relates the plant communities to the measurable or inferable thermoclimatic and ombrocli- matic conditions which affect them. Our aim is to update the phytosociological knowledge of the South American temperate forests and to assess their suitability as climatic bioindicators by analysing the behaviour of those species belonging to their most represen- tative genus. Keywords: Argentina, boreal forests, Chile, mediterranean forests, temperate forests. Introduction tually give rise to a temperate territory with rainfall rates as high as those of regions with a Tropical pluvial bio- The South American subcontinent is usually associa- climate; iii. finally, towards the apex of the American ted with a tropical environment because this is in fact the Southern Cone, this temperate territory progressively dominant bioclimatic profile from Panamá to the north of gives way to a strip of land with a Boreal bioclimate. -
Leaf Anatomy of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) in the Neotropics
Article Leaf anatomy of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) in the neotropics Sachiko Nishida1 and David C. Christophel2 1 Division of Phylogenetics, Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, 669-1546, Japan 2 Botany Department, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A. 5005, Australia Abstract Beilschmiedia comprises 28 species in the neotropics, but the relationships among the species were not well known because of the similarity in their reproductive morphology. This study employed leaf anatomy including studies of venation patterns, cuticle and leaf sections to discuss the relationships. As a result, five groups are recognized by cuticular characters, and the groups are compatible with the other leaf characters, phyllotaxis and geographic distributions. The five groups are mainly characterized by; 1) alternate leaves, fine venation pattern, epidermal cells with smooth or beaded cell walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 2) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells with dotted or granular periclinal walls and mostly branched anticlinal walls, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a ring, 3) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, butterfly-shaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 4) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, epidermal cells larger on the adaxial surface than the abaxial surface, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc, 5) opposite leaves, coarse venation pattern, box- shaped stomatal ledges, and vascular bundles in the midrib arranged in a flattened arc. Key words: Beilschmiedia, leaf anatomy, venation, cuticle, vascular bundle Introduction botanists. Christophel and Rowett (1996) recently published a leaf and cuticle atlas of Australian Lauraceae, Beilschmiedia is one of the largest genera of Lauraceae, which includes the leaf architecture and cuticular features comprising about 250 tree or shrub species. -
Végétation Et Climat De La Patagonie Chilienne Au Cours Des Derniers 20 000 Ans D’Après Les Données Polliniques Marines Vincent Montade
Végétation et climat de la Patagonie chilienne au cours des derniers 20 000 ans d’après les données polliniques marines Vincent Montade To cite this version: Vincent Montade. Végétation et climat de la Patagonie chilienne au cours des derniers 20 000 ans d’après les données polliniques marines. Sciences de la Terre. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI; Uni- versidad austral de Chile, 2011. Français. NNT : 2011PA112302. tel-00659194 HAL Id: tel-00659194 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659194 Submitted on 12 Jan 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE EN COTUTELLE AVEC L‘UNIVERSITE PARIS-SUD 11 ET L‘UNIVERSITE AUSTRALE DU CHILI Présentée à L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SUD 11 ECOLE DOCTORALE (534): MODELISATION ET INSTRUMENTATION EN PHYSIQUE, ENERGIES, GEOSCIENCES ET ENVIRONNEMENT Par Mr MONTADE Vincent Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR SPECIALITE : Palynologie, Végétation et Climat VEGETATION ET CLIMAT DE LA PATAGONIE CHILIENNE AU COURS DES DERNIERS 20 000 ANS D’APRES LES DONNEES POLLINIQUES MARINES Soutenue le 12 Décembre 2011 Composition du jury : Marie Pierre Ledru Rapporteur Frank Lamy Rapporteur Florence Sylvestre Examinateur Pierre Henri Blard Examinateur Xavier Quidelleur Président du jury Nathalie Combourieu Nebout Directeur de thèse Sandor Mulsow Co-directeur de thèse 1 2 Remerciement Remerciement Cela fait maintenant un peu plus de 4 années que j‘arpente les couloirs du LSCE, et je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes que j‘y ai rencontrées et qui m‘ont aidé lors de ce parcours. -
Estudio De La Propagación De Myrcianthes Coquimbensis (Barnéoud) Landrum Et Grifo Por Semillas Y Esquejes
Gayana Bot. 71(1): 17-23, 2014 ISSN 0016-5301 Estudio de la propagación de Myrcianthes coquimbensis (Barnéoud) Landrum et Grifo por semillas y esquejes Propagation of Myrcianthes coquimbensis (Barnéoud) Landrum et Grifo by seeds and cuttings GABRIELA SALDÍAS* & JUAN VELOZO Universidad Central de Chile, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Paisaje, Escuela de Arquitectura del Paisaje. Santa Isabel 1186, Santiago, Chile. *[email protected] RESUMEN Myrcianthes coquimbensis es una especie endémica de Chile en peligro de extinción, con una distribución restringida en la costa de la Región de Coquimbo. En la actualidad su hábitat está siendo fuertemente impactado por desarrollos inmobiliarios. La especie presenta valor ornamental; sin embargo, desde el punto de vista paisajístico es poco conocido. En esta investigación se estudió la propagación por semillas y vegetativa por esquejes, con fines de conservación ex situ. En ensayos de germinación se encontró que la cinética de este proceso varió significativamente según la época de siembra (invierno o verano). Así después de 90 días de siembra se observó un 51% de germinación en verano, mientras en invierno sólo alcanzó el 29%. También se observó un efecto inhibitorio del pericarpio sobre la germinación, disminuyendo un 50% la germinación. La incubación de semillas en GA3 (24 h) incrementó el porcentaje de germinación dependiendo de la dosis. Se realizaron ensayos de enraizamiento de esquejes con tratamientos de AIB en cama fría y cama caliente. En cama fría se observó una baja respuesta (8,44%), y no mostró relación con los tratamientos de AIB. En contraste a lo anterior, en cama caliente el enraizamiento alcanzó un 33% con aplicación de 3.000 ppm de AIB. -
Patterns of Composition, Richness and Phylogenetic Diversity of Woody
Gayana Bot. 74(1):74(1), 2017X-X, 2017 ISSN 0016-5301 Original Article Patterns of composition, richness and phylogenetic diversity of woody plant communities of Quillaja saponaria Molina (Quillajaceae) in the Chilean sclerophyllous forest Patrones de composición, riqueza y diversidad filogenética de las comunidades de plantas leñosas de Quillaja saponaria Molina (Quillajaceae) en el bosque esclerófilo de Chile LUIS LETELIER1,2*, ALY VALDERRAMA2, ALEXANDRA STOLL3, ROLANDO GARCÍA-GONZÁLES4 & ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ1 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro Nº 8701, Col. Ex -Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, CP 58190, México. 2Universidad Bernardo O`Higgins, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Avenida Viel 1497, Santiago, Chile. 3Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile. 4Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel Nº 3605, Casilla 617, Talca, Chile. *[email protected] ABSTRACT Sclerophyllous forest is among the most representative types of woody plant communities in central Chile where Quillaja saponaria is considered to be one of the most important species. In this study, we analysed the main factors that explain the geographical patterns of variation in composition, richness and phylogenetic diversity of woody plant communities in the Chilean sclerophyllous forest where Quillaja saponaria is present. Vegetation surveys were performed for trees and shrubs in thirty-nine sites from 30° to 38° of latitude South in the Mediterranean biome of Chile. Composition, richness, alfa diversity and phylogenetic diversity metrics of the communities were calculated and associated with spatial (latitude, longitude and altitude), climate (annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, aridity), and disturbance variables (type of adjacent vegetation matrix) using multiple regression models. -
El Lucumillo: Un Patrimonio De La Región De Coquimbo Autores Y Colaboradores
El Lucumillo: Un Patrimonio de la Región de Coquimbo Autores y Colaboradores Rosa Garay Flühmann Francisco A. Squeo Andrea Loayza Daniel Carvajal Leonora Rojas Salinas Pedro León Lobos Ana Sandoval Sandoval Gina Arancio Jofré Charif Tala González Manuel Rojas Martínez Pilar Pérez González Claudia Accini Muñoz Ramón Cuevas Yasna Valenzuela Furet Patricio García-Guzmán Créditos Fotográficos Gina Arancio Jofré Francisco Squeo Manuel Rojas Martinez Claudia Accini Muñoz Ana Sandoval Sandoval Pedro León Lobos Luis Menares Ortiz Andrea Loayza Gustavo Bolados Comité editorial Claudia Accini Muñoz Leonora Rojas Salinas Prólogo odos hemos vivido alguna vez la experiencia del contacto directo con la naturaleza, ya que resulta inherente al ser humano y, casi siempre, cuando es bien planeada, resulta gratificante. T Lo que muchas veces no consideramos es que los ambientes naturales de los cuales disfrutamos, por ejemplo cuando hacemos vida al aire libre, son entidades dinámicas, que se puede describir y entender a partir de los elementos que la componen y de las fun- ciones que cumplen y que la presencia de los seres humanos, sus actividades y sus efectos, pueden modificar tanto la disposición como la función de estos elementos en el ambiente. Por ejemplo, nuestras actividades productivas o incluso de esparcimiento, suelen generar impactos sobre la flora y la fauna, sobre los suelos y el aire y evidentemente sobre el paisaje. Si bien este manual está destinado a divulgar la importancia de una especie de plan- ta propia de la región de Coquimbo, es también una invitación a todas aquellas personas que se sienten atraídas por la naturaleza, a repensar la forma en que los seres humanos nos acercamos e interactuamos con los espacios naturales. -
Vegetation of Bosque Fray Jorge National Park and Its Surrounding Matrix in the Coastal Desert of North-Central Chile
Journal of Arid Environments 126 (2016) 12e22 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Vegetation of Bosque Fray Jorge National Park and its surrounding matrix in the Coastal Desert of north-central Chile * Francisco A. Squeo a, b, , Andrea P. Loayza a, Ramiro P. Lopez a, Julio R. Gutierrez a, b a Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena and Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (www.ieb-Chile.cl), Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile b Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (www.ceaza.cl), Chile article info abstract Article history: Within its almost 9000 ha, Bosque Fray Jorge National Park (BFJNP) possesses a natural mosaic of Received 20 February 2015 vegetation formations dominated by thorn scrub (63.3% of the park) and scrub with cacti and other Received in revised form succulents (34.1%); these formations, whose plant covers are above 40%, are representative of the Coastal 7 October 2015 Desert vegetation. Additionally, BFJNP has 230 ha (2.6%) of a relict fog forest. This unique combination of Accepted 16 October 2015 vegetation formations, partly explains the high plant species richness of the park. We discuss the climatic Available online 21 December 2015 and topo-edaphic factors associated with each type of vegetation formation. Compared to BFJNP, the surrounding vegetation matrix shows evidence of changes in both the Keywords: fl Plant diversity dominant vegetation and their plant covers; moreover, it is oristically depauperate relative to the park. Plant community This territory also includes agricultural land and plantations of non-native shrubs, as well as goat herding Land cover and small, inter-dispersed human settlements. -
Origin of the Rapa Endemic Genus Apostates: Revisiting Major Disjunctions and Evolutionary Conservatism in the Bahia Alliance (Compositae: Bahieae) Bruce G
Baldwin & Wood • Systematics and biogeography of the Bahia alliance TAXON 65 (5) • October 2016: 1064–1080 Origin of the Rapa endemic genus Apostates: Revisiting major disjunctions and evolutionary conservatism in the Bahia alliance (Compositae: Bahieae) Bruce G. Baldwin1 & Kenneth R. Wood2 1 Jepson Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 2 National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawaii 96741, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Bruce G. Baldwin, [email protected] ORCID BGB, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-2242; KRW, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-1154 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/655.8 Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences indicate that the rediscovered Apostates, known only from Rapa in the Austral Islands of southeastern Polynesia, represents an example of extreme long-distance dispersal (> 6500 km) from southwestern North America and one of at least four disjunctions of comparable magnitude in the primarily New World Bahia alliance (tribe Bahieae). Each of the disjunctions appears to have resulted from north-to-south dispersal since the mid-Miocene; three are associated with such marked morphological and ecological change that some of the southern taxa (including Apostates) have been treated in distinct genera of uncertain relationship. Phyllotaxy within the Bahia alliance, however, evidently has been even more conservative evolutionarily than reflected by previous taxonomies, with alternate-leaved and opposite-leaved clades in Bahia sensu Ellison each encompassing representatives of other genera that share the same leaf arrangements. A revised taxonomic treatment of the Bahia alliance is proposed to recognize morphologically distinctive, monophyletic genera, including the critically endangered Apostates. -
The Conservation of Biodiversity in Chile
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 66:383-402, 1993 REVIEW The conservation of biodiversity in Chile La conservaci6n de la biodiversidad en Chile CESARS.ORMAZABAL School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA Current Address: Rodas 124, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT I analyze Chile's biological diversity in terrestrial and marine environments, including information on the magnitude of biodiversity at three levels (ecosystem, species, and genetic). I identify the main values, and the importance of conserving such heritage, making comments about past and current activities of some national institutions interested in biodiversity conservation. I emphasize actions related to increasing and improving knowledge on biodiversity, legislation, some economic and social values, and protection of biodiversity in the field. I identify the main threats to Chile's biodiversity and give recommendations for maintaining and enhancing its conservation. Chile has developed many efforts to avoid biodiversity losses. It has enacted legislation, maintained institutions, and taken actions that favor biological diversity. However, some of the policies, legislation, and actions have been too specific, disperse, and uncoordinated. A system of inter-institutional coordination is urgently required. An efficient approach, through symposia, to identify the most threatened woody plant and terrestrial vertebrate species, was developed. Now, is time to define conservation status for species not included in previous symposia, identify the most threatened species, and begin programs to increase their population size. It is essential to initiate actions concerning the protection of amphibians, reptiles, cacti, and non-woody terrestrial plants. Also, it is urgent to start conservation activities for aquatic environments. -
Government of Chile United Nations Development Programme
Government of Chile United Nations Development Programme Project Title: Supporting civil society and community initiatives to generate global environmental benefits using grants and micro loans in the Mediterranean ecoregion of Chile Brief Description The Mediterranean ecoregion occupies a central place in the sustainability of Chile´s development. In it are concentrated essential social and cultural values, strategic economic assets and environmental values of global importance. Nevertheless, the pressure exerted by productive activities on the landscape places all of these values, and especially those associated with the global environment, at increasing risk. The sustainability of this region’s ecosystem services, its biodiversity and its economic productivity requires an approach that provides the opportunities, the means and the motivation to community organizations to develop, acquire and/or exercise the financing, knowledge and capacities needed to develop and manage their resources for global environmental and local development benefits. To trigger a change process in the ecoregion that increases the sustainability of land use and ecosystem services, uses biodiversity sustainably and sequesters and stores carbon, the project proposes to directly engage around one hundred community-based organisations and local governments in carrying out projects that address local sustainable development issues and also produce global environmental benefits. These projects will be nested in and aligned with the ecological, economic and social outcomes of landscape-level initiatives, which will be achieved through synergies among the projects leading to greater and more lasting impacts and resiliency. Landscape-level initiatives will themselves be supported by ecoregional and national level institutional mechanisms aimed at providing them with effective knowledge management, monitoring and policy incidence frameworks.