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Darstellung virtueller Welten Referat zum Thema: ‚‚DarstellungDarstellung virtuellervirtueller Welten‘Welten‘ -- 3D3D ModellingModelling && RendererRenderer -- Gruppe 3: Schilberg, Pfost, Möhle, Mertens 11.01.05 Folie Jan Möhle Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 1/32 CAD-Programme Darstellung virtueller Welten BegriffBegriff RendernRendern Rendern Begriffe Überblick (von engl. to render = wiedergeben, vortragen) bezeichnet den 3D Studio Max Vorgang aus Rohdaten durch Anwendung geeigneter Verfahren Art.lantis neue Daten zu generieren. In der Computergrafik, besonders der 3D-Computergrafik, Cinema 4D wird durch das Rendern aus der Beschreibung einer Szene Maya (Objekte, ihre Position und Eigenschaften) ein Bild erzeugt. Art of Illusion Man unterscheidet hierbei zwischen Echtzeit-, fotoreallistischeistischem Terragen und nichtphotorealistischem Rendering. Demo Im Bereich der Virtual Reality gibtibt es zusätzlich noch das so genannte haptische Renderiing, mit dem virtuelle Gegenstände nicht nur gesehen sondern auch mit dem Tastsinn wahrgenommen werden können. Folie 2/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Hidden-Line Begriffe Überblick Verdeckte – Linien – Berechnung 3D Studio Max "unsichtbare" Linien bzw. Liniensegmente werden erkannt und Art.lantis aus dem Bild entfernt das Resultat kann wieder eine CAD-fähige Zeichnung sein, die Cinema 4D aus Vektoren besteht Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Folie 3/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Gouraud-Shading Begriffe Überblick ein 1971 von Henri Gouraud vorgestelltes Verfahren 3D Studio Max Eck-Farbwerte werden interpoliert Art.lantis weiche Farbverläufe zwischen den Polygonflächen (d. h. Cinema 4D eine gleichmäßige Schattierung) erzeugt Maya nur matte Objektoberflächen können dargestellt werden, Art of Illusion die das Licht gleichmäßig und ungeordnet in alle Terragen Richtungen streuen Demo dadurch erhalten die Objekte ein plastikähnliches Aussehen (Transparenz, Schatten, Spiegelungen, Materialeigenschaften wie Texturen usw. werden nicht berücksichtigt) Folie 4/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Phong-Shading Begriffe Überblick Interpolation der Normalen-Vektoren 3D Studio Max dadurch sind sowohl weiche Farbverläufe, wie auch Glanzpunkte möglich Art.lantis wirkt wesentlich realistischer als Gourand-Shading Cinema 4D Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Gouraud-Shading Phong-Shading Folie 5/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Scanline Rendering Begriffe Überblick zur Darstellung von 3D-Grafik in Echtzeit verwendet 3D Studio Max in der Regel über OpenGL oder DirectX umgesetzt Art.lantis Pixelgruppen, so genannte Scanlines, werden gefunden Cinema 4D eine Scanline sind Pixel einer Zeile, die jeweils der Maya gleichen Oberfläche zugeordnet werden können Art of Illusion für jeden Punkt der Scanline, wird zunächst ein Satz von Terragen U/V-Koordinaten errechnet (die Koordinaten des Pixels Demo werden in das Koordinatensystem der Oberfläche transformiert) mit diesen U/V-Koordinaten kann dann der Farbwert des Pixels durch Interpolation errechnet werden deutlich schneller als Raytracing oder Radiosity Folie 6/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Raytracing Begriffe Überblick "Strahlverfolgung“ 3D Studio Max ein Verfahren der 3D-Computergrafik zur Erzeugung Art.lantis (meist) fotorealistisch wirkender Bilder aus 3D-Daten Cinema 4D in die Berechnung der Reflexionen und Schatten werden Maya alle anderen Objekte der Szene miteinbezogen Art of Illusion es wird als ein globales Beleuchtungsverfahren (engl. Terragen Global Illumination) bezeichnet Alle hochwertigen Renderer benutzen das Raytracing, Demo meist in Kombination mit weiteren Verfahren um auch die diffuse Beleuchtung besser simulieren zu können. Folie 7/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Raytracing Begriffe Überblick Raytracing-Berechnungen sind sehr zeitintensiv 3D Studio Max Raytracing wird vornehmlich bei der Erzeugung von Art.lantis Darstellungen eingesetzt, bei denen eher die Qualität als Cinema 4D die Berechnungszeit im Vordergrund steht Maya In Bereichen wie der Virtuellen Realität, in der räumliche Darstellungen in Echtzeit Art of Illusion Terragen berechnet werden müssen, Demo spielt Raytracing derzeit keine Rolle Folie 8/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Radiosity Begriffe Überblick globales Beleuchtungsmodell 3D Studio Max beruht auf dem Energieerhaltungssatz: Alles Licht, das Art.lantis eine Fläche empfängt und nicht absorbiert, muss sie Cinema 4D wieder emittieren Maya eine Fläche kann auch selbstleuchtend sein. Art of Illusion für jede Fläche wird eine Gleichung aufgestellt, die das Terragen emittierte Licht aus dem von den anderen Flächen empfangenen Licht und evtl. ihrer eigenen Leuchtkraft Demo bestimmt es ergibt sich ein Gleichungssystem, dessen Lösung die Helligkeit jeder einzelnen Fläche angibt Folie 9/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten RenderverfahrenRenderverfahren Radiosity Begriffe Überblick ein Vorteil des Radiosity-Verfahrens ist, dass die 3D Studio Max Berechnung vom Standort und Blickwinkel des Art.lantis Betrachters unabhängig erfolgt Cinema 4D die Radiosity-Berechnungen müssen so für eine Szene Maya nur ein Mal berechnet werden Art of Illusion danach kann die Szene in Echtzeit gerendert werden, was für Anwendungen wie virtuelle Architekturmodelle Terragen interessant ist Demo das Ergebnis sind fotorealistische Bilder Radiosity wird von PC-basierenden Rendering-Programmen selten unterstützt Folie 10/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten ÜberblickÜberblick WelcheWelche 3D-Modelling3D-Modelling SoftwareSoftware wirdwird genutzt?genutzt? Begriffe Überblick 3D Studio Max 2002) 2002) Maya 5. 5. 0 0 Form Z 5% Art.lantis (01. (01. F F 11% Cinema 4D UR UR 3D Studio W W Maya Max NT NT E E 36% Art of Illusion R R DE DE Terragen Cinema 4D XL bei bei e e 18% Demo rag rag zerumf zerumf Nut Nut D- D- CA CA Art.lantis 3D Studio Viz 19% 11% Folie 11/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten 3D3D StudioStudio MaxMax 3D Modeling Begriffe Animation Überblick Rendering 3D Studio Max Visuelle Effekte Art.lantis The Last Samurai The Matrix Reloaded Cinema 4D Star Trek Nemesis Maya Computerspiele (80% der Spieleentwickler arbeiten mit 3D Art of Illusion Studio Max) Max Payne 2 Terragen Need for Speed: Underground Demo Battlefield 1942 Visualisierung (Design) PSA, Peugeot Citroën Bombardier Jets Metro Airport, Detroit Folie 12/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten 3D3D StudioStudio MaxMax Begriffe Systemvoraussetzungen Überblick min. CPU 300Mhz (Dual Intel® Xeon™ oder Dual AMD Athlon™ 3D Studio Max System empfolen) Art.lantis min. 512 MB RAM und 500 MB Swap space (1GB RAM und 2GB Cinema 4D swap space empfolen) Maya Graphikkarte mit 1024 x 768 Auflösung und 16-bit color mit Art of Illusion 64MB RAM (3D Graphikkarte mit1280 x 1024 Auflösung und Terragen 24-bit color mit 256MB RAM empfolen) Demo Kosten 121 € (Studentenversion) bis 5142,50 € Folie 13/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten 3D3D StudioStudio MaxMax Begriffe Überblick 3D Studio Max Art.lantis Cinema 4D Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Folie 14/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten 3D3D StudioStudio MaxMax Begriffe Überblick 3D Studio Max Art.lantis Cinema 4D Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Folie 15/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten Art.lantisArt.lantis High-End Renderingprogramm für Architekturmodelle Begriffe (ArchiCAD, Arc+, Vectorworks) Überblick 3D Studio Max liefert professionelle fotorealistische Bilder und Art.lantis Animationen Cinema 4D Riesige Auswahl von Oberflächenmaterialien, Farben, Maya Perspektiven und Lichtquellen Art of Illusion Terragen Hohe Geschwindigkeit Demo Bearbeitung der Oberflächen in Echtzeit in der 3D-Szene Importformate: OPT/DB, ART, DWG, DXF, IGES, VRML, QD3D, 3D Studio, Electric Image und RIB Folie 16/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten Art.lantisArt.lantis Begriffe Exportformate: TIFF, PICT, TGA, BMP, AVI, EPIX (Piranesi), Überblick QuickTime Movie und QuickTime VR 3D Studio Max Kosten ca. 560 € bis 900 € Art.lantis Cinema 4D Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Folie 17/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten Art.lantisArt.lantis Begriffe Überblick 3D Studio Max Art.lantis Cinema 4D Maya Art of Illusion Terragen Demo Folie 18/32 Jan Möhle / Teilthema: 3D Modeling & Renderer 11.01.05 Darstellung virtueller Welten CinemaCinema 4D4D Einsatzgebiete Begriffe Produktdesign Überblick Screendesign 3D Studio Max Architektur Art.lantis Visualisierung fotorealistische Charakteranimation Cinema 4D komplexe wissenschaftliche Simulationen Maya Spiele-Entwicklungen Art of Illusion Spezialeffekte Terragen viele
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