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E NDORS E M E NTS “Some of us who fell in love with John Owen’s writings did so, to some significant measure, because of the enthusiastic endorsement given by Sinclair Ferguson. For me, after more than thirty-five years of gospel ministry, it would be difficult to exaggerate the impor- tance of Owen’s theological and pastoral insights. But we have long been in need of an updated biography—not simply one that narrates the significant details of his life, but one that analyzes the contours of his theological insights and how they shaped and defined him. And no one is better placed to do that than Sinclair Ferguson. I suspect that many of us, when engaging in word-association, pro- vide the name ‘Ferguson’ when ‘John Owen’ is mentioned. “I cannot overstate the importance of this volume. I fully expect it to become a best-seller among those who appreciate Owen—and deservedly so.” —Derek W.H. Thomas Senior Minister, First Presbyterian Church, Columbia S.C. Robert Strong Professor of Systematic and Pastoral Theology Reformed Theological Seminary, Atlanta “This is now the prime book I will be recommending on John Owen. I am very impressed, but not surprised: Sinclair Ferguson has so imbibed the spirit of Owen that he conveys the thought and heart of the great man with limpid clarity. This means that this book is far more than an introduction to Owen; it is at the same time a rich and deeply affecting meditation on communion with our glorious, triune God. Here is a feast of angel’s food.” —Michael Reeves Director of Union and Senior Lecturer Wales Evangelical School of Theology, Bridgend, Wales “Let me begin by echoing Sinclair Ferguson’s own story: John Owen, more than any other theologian of the past, has pro- foundly shaped my vision of the triune God and what it means to live in the wonder of the gospel. In this delightful little book, Ferguson offers a sort of expert paraphrase and appreciation of Owen’s classic volume Communion with God. Along the way, he gives us a great gift: in your hands is now a beautifully accessible tour of Owen’s approach to the spiritual life, by which he means a life secure in the love of the Father, the grace of the Son, and the strong fellowship of the Spirit. Read, savor, and be refreshed, for neither Owen nor Ferguson will disappoint.” —Kelly M. Kapic Professor of Theological Studies Covenant College, Lookout Mountain, Ga. “Reading this book is like listening in on a conversation between one of the most trusted voices from the past and one of the most trusted voices in the present. In fact, that’s exactly what this book is. And as you listen in, you will hear the arc of the conver- sation bend in one constant direction. You will hear these two voices remind you of the glorious truth that the Christian life is communion with the Triune God.” —Stephen J. Nichols President, Reformation Bible College, Sanford, Fla. Chief Academic Officer, Ligonier Ministries A Long Line of Godly Men Profile The Trinitarian Devotion of John Owen Sinclair B. Fergu Son The Trinitarian Devotion of John Owen © 2014 by Sinclair B. Ferguson Published by Reformation Trust Publishing A division of Ligonier Ministries 421 Ligonier Court, Sanford, FL 32771 Printed in Crawfordsville, Indiana RR Donnelley and Sons October 2014 First edition All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of the publisher, Reformation Trust Publishing. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Cover illustration: Steven Noble Interior design and typeset: Katherine Lloyd, The DESK All Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferguson, Sinclair B. The Trinitarian devotion of John Owen / Sinclair B. Ferguson. pages cm. -- (A long line of godly men profile) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-56769-403-1 -- ISBN 1-56769-403-9 1. Trinity--History of doctrines. 2. Owen, John, 1616-1683. 3. Church history--17th century. I. Title. BT109.F47 2014 231’.044--dc23 2014017012 To Alistair Begg ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος καὶ σύνδουλος ἐν κυρίῳ —Colossians 4:7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Followers Worthy to be Followed . .ix . Preface The Christian’s Greatest Privilege . xiii. Chapter 1 Pastor and Theologian . 1. • Early Life • New Beginnings • Stepping onto the National Stage • Oxford and Cromwell—Again • The Restoration and the Ejection • Faithful to the End Chapter 2 In the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit . .27 . • A Neglected Truth • Owen’s Answers • On the Trinity • The Living God Chapter 3 Communion with the Father . .43 . • The Centrality of Love • Making Distinctions • Soul Sickness and Gospel Medicine • The Reception and Return of Love Chapter 4 Communion with the Son . 61. • Grace and Justification • Communion with Christ in Personal Grace • Affectionate Communion • Our Worth in His Sight • Communion with Christ in Purchased Grace • Christ Continues as a Priest Forever • The Privileges of Communion with Christ • The Great Exchange • The Habit of Grace • Adoption—Our Highest Privilege Chapter 5 Communion with the Holy Spirit . 99 • The Forgotten Person • Christ and the Spirit • Christ Gives His Spirit • Receiving the Spirit • Communion with the Holy Spirit • Distinguishing the Spirit from the Serpent • Sealed with the Spirit • Our Returns Conclusion Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost . 125. Bibliography . 129. Scripture Index . 133. Subject Index . 135 F OR E WORD Followers Worthy to be Followed own through the centuries, God has raised up a long Dline of godly men whom He has mightily used at stra- tegic moments in church history. These valiant individuals have come from all walks of life, from the ivy-covered halls of elite schools to the dusty back rooms of tradesmen’s shops. They have arisen from all points of this world, from highly visible venues in densely populated cities to obscure hamlets in remote places. Yet despite these differences, these pivotal figures have had much in common. Each man possessed an unwavering faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, but more than that, each of these stalwarts of the faith held deep convictions in the God-exalting truths known as the doctrines of grace. Though they differed in secondary matters of theology, they nevertheless stood shoulder to shoul- der in championing these biblical teachings that magnify the ix THE TRINITARIAN DEVOTION OF JOHN OWEN sovereign grace of God in salvation. These spiritual leaders upheld the foundational truth that “salvation is of the Lord.”1 Any survey of church history reveals that those who have embraced these Reformed truths have been granted extraor- dinary confidence in their God. Far from paralyzing these spiritual giants, the doctrines of grace kindled within their hearts a reverential awe for God that humbled their souls before His throne. The truths of divine sovereignty embold- ened these men to rise up and advance the cause of Christ on the earth. With an enlarged vision for the expansion of His kingdom upon the earth, they stepped forward boldly to accomplish the work of ten, even twenty men. They arose with wings like eagles and soared over their times. The doc- trines of grace empowered them to serve God in their divinely appointed hour of history, leaving a godly inheritance for future generations. This Long Line of Godly Men Profiles series highlights key figures in the agelong procession of these sovereign-grace men. The purpose of this series is to explore how these fig- ures used their God-given gifts and abilities to impact their times and further the kingdom of heaven. Because they were wholly devoted followers of Christ, their examples are worthy of emulation today. This volume, written by my good friend Sinclair Fer- guson, focuses upon the man regarded as the greatest of the English Puritan theologians, John Owen. The monumental 1 Ps. 3:8; Jonah 2:9. x FoLLowERS WORthY to BE FoLLowED life of Owen was marked by his superior intellectual achieve- ment. He became a pastor, chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, and vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. His most influ- ential work, The Death of Death in the Death of Christ (1647), written when Owen was only thirty-one years old, is an extended reflection on the intra-Trinitarian life of God in the incarnation and atonement of Jesus Christ. This seminal vol- ume launched Owen on a path of Trinitarian meditation and reflection. He left behind rich treatises and sermons on the Trinitarian communion that a Christian can enjoy with the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Perhaps no other English theo- logian has spent more time in contemplation of the eternal Godhead, and Owen’s study translated into a zealous passion for the gospel and devotion to Christ. John Owen stands as a towering figure, eminently worthy to be profiled in this series. May the Lord use this book to raise up a new generation of believers who will bring the gospel message to bear upon this world. Through this profile, may you be strengthened to walk in a manner worthy of your calling. May you be zealous in your devotion to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, for the glory of His name and advance of His kingdom. Soli Deo gloria! —Steven J. Lawson Series editor xi P R ef AC E The Christian’s Greatest Privilege am grateful to my friend Steve Lawson for his invitation I to contribute to the Long Line of Godly Men Profiles series, which he both devised and continues to edit.