Florida-Friendly Plant List

2006

Tom Wichman1, Gary Knox1, Ed Gilman1, David Sandrock2, Bart Schutzman1, Erin Alvarez1, Rick Schoellhorn 3, and Barbra Larson1

1Dept. of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; 2Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; 3Proven Winners, Gainesville, FL

The plants on this list are considered by UF/IFAS horticulture specialists to be well adapted to growing in Florida landscapes. When planted under appropriate soil, light, and climatic conditions, most generally require little maintenance compared with other plants. Each plant’s preferred growing conditions (soil pH, soil texture, relative drought tolerance, soil drainage/moisture, light range, light optimum, and salt tolerance) are included here as a guide to choosing plants for your specific site conditions. Additional information is given on growth rate, mature height and spread, flowering color and season, value to wildlife, wind resistance and other characteristics helpful for plant selection and maintenance.

See the key to symbols and abbreviations used in the tables for details. Remember to always put the right plant in the right place by matching each plant’s needs with the environmental conditions found at the site. There may be variation in some characteristics, especially in the region (north, central or south) of Florida in which plants will grow. Check with your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office to confirm the appropriateness of specific plants (look in the government pages of your phone book or see http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/map for your county’s contact information).

Key to Symbols and Abbreviations:

Florida Region and Cold Hardiness Zones:

Region (includes Florida regions in which plant will grow): N=North; C=Central; S=South (see map at right).

USDA cold hardiness zone (http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-se1.html) is listed below the region and includes Florida zones only.

Native and NI = Native and Non-Invasive Status:

FL = Florida native NN = Non-native species not yet assessed for invasive potential by the IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group OK = Non-native species assessed by the IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group (as of February 2007) and not considered to be a problem species (not considered invasive) and can be recommended (for full details on assessment procedure, see http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/assessment) OK/C = Assessed by the IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group and not considered to be invasive, but use with caution in at least one region (see comments column for details on those plants) FL/NN = Some species are Florida natives and some are non-natives that have not yet been assessed

Growth Rate, Height and Spread: Growth rate: Slow; Medium; Fast; S-M = Slow to Medium; M-F = Medium to Fast ↑ = mature height in feet; → = mature spread in feet

Soil pH (gives the range tolerated by the plant): ●○○○ = Acid ○●●○ = Slightly acid to slightly alkaline ●●○○ = Acid to slightly acid ○●●● = Slightly acid to alkaline ●●●○ = Acid to slightly alkaline ●●●● = Tolerates any soil pH ○●○○ = Slightly acid

Soil Texture: C/L = clay loam; S/L = sandy loam; S = sandy; S/C = sandy clay; any = any texture

Soil Moisture: = well drained = medium drained = wet = well drained to medium drained

= medium drained to wet = well drained to wet Drought Tolerance: High, Medium, Low, or None (Note: Both drought tolerance and soil moisture tolerance should be considered, and they are not the same. For example, a plant may tolerate wet soils and also have high drought tolerance, and another plant may prefer well drained soils but have low drought tolerance.)

Light Range and Light Optimum: = Full Sun = Partial Shade = Shade = Optimum light conditions

Salt Tolerance: H = High; M=Medium; L-N: Low to None; U = Unknown

Wildlife: = Attracts butterflies = Attracts hummingbirds = Attracts other birds 3

Use this list to choose plants based on your site conditions, following these steps:

1.) Find out and write down the conditions of the bed or other area you want to plant: • The region of the state you live in. (Check the map on page 2 and remember that if you live close to the border of a region, all of the plants listed for that region may not do well in your area and some of the plants that do well in the next region may do well in your area.) • The amount of light the site receives. (Check at various times throughout the day and through the seasons.) • Soil pH and texture. (Take samples and obtain a soil test through your county’s Extension office.) • Soil moisture (Is it in a high, dry area or a low area where water frequently accumulates? To check drainage, dig a small hole, add water and see how quickly the water drains – if water stands for more than 24 hours, consider it a wet site.) • Exposure to salt spray or salty irrigation water. • Size of area for plants. (Are there height restrictions such as a window nearby or power lines above? Is the width of the area limited?)

2.) Determine the type of plant you want (tree, shrub, etc.) and go to that category on the list.

3.) Narrow down the list by choosing plants that match the region, light, soil conditions and moisture at the site.

4.) Further narrow your list to those plants that will fit the site based on mature height and spread.

5.) Consider the need for salt tolerant plants, if applicable, and any additional factors you are interested in, such as wildlife value or flower color and season. 4

For further assistance, contact the Florida Yards & Neighborhoods or horticulture program at your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office.

This list is meant as a guide to start choosing plants appropriate for your conditions. The absence of a plant from this list does not imply that it is not well adapted to Florida landscape conditions. This list will be updated periodically. Please check with your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office for future updates.

For photos of the plants on this list, see the on-line database of Florida-friendly plants at www.FloridaYards.org. There you can search for plants by choosing site conditions or look up specific plants. For additional information and fact sheets on many of the plants on this list, see also http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/.

Acknowledgements:

This list was developed using as a base the plant availability lists from the Florida Nursery, Growers and Landscape Association, Tampa Bay Wholesale Growers, and the Association of Florida Native Nurseries. Thanks to Marguerite Beckford, Stephen Brown, Doug Caldwell, Patty Connolly, Dan Culbert, Terry DelValle, Chris Dewey, Mary Duryea, Alison Fox, Kim Gabel, Crysta Gantz, Adrian Hunsberger, Claudia Larsen, Tom MacCubbin, Jim Moll, Jane Morse, Sydney Park Brown, Jyotsna Sharma, Erick Smith, Jessica Sullivan, Teresa Watkins, Wendy Wilber, Larry Williams, Sandy Wilson and members of the SWFWMD Green Industry Advisory Committee for contributions to and review of the list. This list was produced in collaboration with the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

5 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Large Trees

Acer barbatum N M-F also known as Acer saccharum ssp. floridanum; ●○○○ Florida Maple, Southern 8b- FL 25-60 L-N green flowers in spring; watch for aphids and cottony Any Sugar Maple 9a 25-40 High maple scale

Fast red flowers in winter-spring; red fall foliage; watch Acer rubrum NCS ●●○○ for aphids, cottony maple scale, gall mites; shallow- FL 35-80 L-N Red Maple 8-10 Any rooted; good for wet sites; medium-low wind 25-35 Medium resistance Fast needs soil space for root expansion; grows best with Betula nigra NC ○●●○ high soil moisture; chlorosis develops in alkaline FL 40-50 L-N River Birch 8-9a Any soil; tolerates periodic flooding but not long periods 25-35 Low of drought; medium-high wind resistance Bucida buceras S M-F white flowers, spring; messy fruit, leaves; med-low OK/ ○○●● wind resistance; pest sensitive; pruning first 20 yrs; Black Olive, Oxhorn 10b- 45-60 H C Any invasive assessment: N,C ok; caution–manage to Bucida, Gregorywood 11 35-50 High prevent escape in S (incomplete data) NC Med. edible fruit (C. illinoinensis ); white/yellow flowers, Carya spp. ●●○○ spring; tolerates occasionally wet soil; wind 8b- FL varies L-N Hickories, Pecan Any resistance high for C. floridana , med-high for C. 9a varies High glabra and C. tomentosa , low for C. illinoensis Conocarpus erectus S Med. white/cream flowers in spring; silver leaved form ○●●● more susceptible to sooty mold and insect problems; Buttonwood, Silver 10b- FL 5-50 H Any do not plant in marl soil; high wind resistance; Buttonwood 11 15-20 High wildlife value (cover/nesting) S Fast not for small areas; spreading canopy shades parks, Ficus aurea ●●●● large yards; may start as epiphyte, killing host tree 10b- FL 40-60 M Strangler Fig Any (often encircling cabbage palm); fallen fruits may be 11 30-50 High messy; medium-low wind resistance 6 Med. tolerates occasionally wet soil; does not tolerate Fraxinus americana N ●●○○ compacted soil; watch for ash borer, cankers, leaf FL 50-80 L-N White Ash 8 Any spots, dieback when stressed; medium-high wind 50-80 Medium resistance Fraxinus caroliniana Med. NC ●●○○ good plant for retention ponds, swales and canal Pop Ash, Carolina Ash, FL 30-50 L-N 8-9 Any banks; tolerates wet conditions Water Ash 20-35 Medium

Fast Fraxinus pennsylvanica NC ●●○○ tolerates wet conditions; good for shaded areas; FL 50-100 L-N Green Ash 8-9 Any medium-low wind resistance 30-70 Medium

Slow white flowers in spring-summer; good restoration Gordonia lasianthus NC ●●○○ FL 30-60 L-N tree; good for retention pond edges; do not plant in Loblolly Bay 8-9 C/L 20-30 Low alkaline soils

M-F flowers variable, usually white in early spring; Halesia spp. NC FL/ ○●○○ 15-60 L-N winged seeds used by some wildlife; region depends Silverbell, Halesia 8-9 NN S/L 15-30 Low on species

Fast Juniperus virginiana NC ●●●○ very similar to Juniperus silicicola but branches FL 50 H Red Cedar 8-9 Any straighter 25 High

Med. many cultivars; some wildlife value (seeds of limited Liquidambar styraciflua NC ●●●● FL 40-100 M use to some birds and mammals); medium-high wind Sweetgum 8-9 Any 40-60 High resistance

Liriodendron tulipifera Fast yellow/orange flowers, spring-summer; watch for N ●●●○ borers/aphids/leaf spots/root and stem rot; newly Tulip Poplar, Tulip Tree, FL 80-100 L-N 8-9A Any transplanted trees susceptible to leaf yellowing and Yellow Poplar 40-80 Medium drop w/o enough moisture; low wind resistance 7 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Lysiloma latisiliquum S Fast small white/pink flowers in spring-summer; needs to ○●●● Wild Tamarind, Bahama 10b- FL 40-60 H be pruned for strong form; no pest problems; medium- Any Lysiloma 11 30-45 High high wind resistance

Magnolia grandiflora Med. white/cream, fragrant flowers in summer; red seeds NC ●●●○ and cvs. FL 40-80 H used by various wildlife; tolerates occasionally wet 8-9 Any Southern Magnolia 15-40 Medium soil; high wind resistance

Magnolia virginiana and Med. white flowers, spring; small red seeds used by NC ●●○○ wildlife; larval food plant for swallowtail butterflies; cvs. FL 40-60 L-N 8-9 Any no serious pest problems, but watch for scales/borers; Sweet Bay Magnolia 20-50 None medium-high wind resistance N Slow Nyssa sylvatica ●●○○ showy fall color; white, inconspicuous flowers in 8b- FL 65-75 M Tupelo, Black Gum Any spring; medium-high wind resistance 9a 25-35 High

Fast flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Pinus elliottii var. densa CS ●●○○ from bldgs; old trees dangerous, medium-low wind FL 75-100 H Southern Slash Pine 9-11 Any resistance; seeds provide wildlife food; tolerates 35-50 High occasionally wet soil; sensitive to disturbance Pinus elliottii var. Fast flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' NC ●●○○ from bldgs; old trees can be dangerous, med-low elliottii FL 75-100 H 8-9 Any wind resistance; tolerates occasionally wet soil; seeds Northern Slash Pine 35-50 High eaten by wildlife; sensitive to disturbance Slow Pinus glabra N ●●○○ flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' FL 30-60 L-N Spruce Pine 8-9a Any from bldgs; low wind resistance 25-40 Medium

8 Med. flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Pinus palustris NC ●●●○ from bldgs; old trees dangerous, med-low wind FL 60-80 L-N Longleaf Pine 8-9 Any resistance; watch for borers; resistant to fusiform 30-40 High rust/pine bark beetle; tolerates occasionally wet soil Piscidia piscipula Fast S ●●●● lavender/white flowers; all parts are poisonous; good Jamaican Dogwood, Fish FL 30-50 H 11 Any wildlife value (birds/insects) Poison Tree 30-50 High

Platanus occidentalis NC Fast needs space; sheds continually; leaf scorch if ●●○○ insufficient water; watch for mites/lace Sycamore, American 8b- FL 75-90 M Any bugs/anthracnose; good for erosion control on stream Planetree 9a 50-70 Medium banks; medium-low wind resistance

Med. wildlife food; tolerates occasionally wet soil; Quercus acutissima N ●●○○ NN 40-50 M chlorosis from micronutrient deficiency occurs in Sawtooth Oak 8-9a Any 50-70 High alkaline soils

Slow Quercus alba NC ●●○○ wildlife food; tolerates occasionally wet soil; medium- FL 60-100 H White Oak 8-9 Any high wind resistance 60-80 High

Med. Quercus austrina NC ●●●○ NN 40-60 L-N Bluff Oak 8-9 Any 35-50 Medium

Quercus falcata Med. NC ●●●○ Southern Red Oak, FL 60-80 M low wind resistance; provides wildlife food 8-9a Any Spanish Oak, Turkey Oak 60-70 High

Fast short lived; low wind resistance; tolerates Quercus hemisphaerica NC ●●●○ occasionally wet soil but does not tolerate poor FL 60-70 M Laurel Oak 8-9 Any drainage well; trunk decays easily when large 35-45 Medium branches removed 9 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Fast short lived; low wind resistance; tolerates Quercus laurifolia NC ●●●○ occasionally wet soil but does not tolerate poor FL 60-70 M Laurel Oak 8-9 Any drainage well; trunk decays easily when large 35-45 Medium branches removed Quercus michauxii Med. wildlife food; tolerates occasionally wet soils; in wet NC ●●○○ soils rot rot may be a problem; best in full sun but Swamp Chestnut, Swamp FL 60-200 L-N 8-9 C/L tolerates shade when young; very tolerant of urban Chestnut Oak to 148 Low conditions; medium-high wind resistance Med. Quercus nuttallii N ●●○○ NN 60-80 L-N wildlife food; tolerates occasionally wet soil Nuttall Oak 8 Any 35-50 Medium

Fast Quercus shumardii N ●●●○ wildlife food; tolerates occasionally wet soil; medium- FL 55-80 M Shumard Oak 8-9a Any high wind resistance 40-50 High

NCS Med. wildlife food; not for small lots; caterpillars, root rot Quercus virginiana ●●●○ 8b- FL 40-80 H and insect galls sometimes a problem; tolerates Live Oak Any 10b 60-120 High occasionally wet soil; high wind resistance

S Med. yellow flowers in summer; medium-high wind Simarouba glauca ●●●● 10b- FL 30-50 H resistance; no major pest problems; don't plant near Paradise Tree Any 11 25-30 Medium sidewalks and driveways (surface roots)

S Fast Swietenia mahagoni ●●●● medium-high wind resistance; tolerates occasionally 10b- FL 40-75 H West Indian Mahogany Any wet soil; watch for webworms on foliage 11 40-60 High

10 NCS Fast also known as Taxodium distichum var. nutans ; Taxodium ascendens ●●●● wetland plant & adapts to dry sites; flammable - in 8b- FL 50-60 M Pond Cypress Any wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' from bldgs; us. has 10b 10-15 High yellow-brown fall color; high wind resistance Fast flammable plant - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. Taxodium distichum NCS ●●●● 30' from bldgs.; wetland plant & adapts to dry sites; FL 60-80 L-N Bald Cypress 8-10 Any deciduous; yellow-brown color in fall; small seeds 25-35 High used by some birds; high wind resistance Fast Ulmus alata NC ●●●● watch for Dutch elm disease; medium-high wind FL 45-70 M Winged Elm 8-9 Any resistance 30-40 High

Fast Ulmus americana NC ●●●● long-lived (300+years); watch for Dutch elm disease; FL 70-90 M American Elm 8-9 Any medium-low wind resistance 50-70 High

Med. Ulmus crassifolia NC ●●●● FL 50-70 M watch for Dutch elm disease and powdery mildew Cedar Elm 8-9 Any 40-60 High

Ulmus parviflora and cvs. Med. low wind resistance; may experience freeze problems NC ●●●● Chinese Elm, Lacebark NN 40-50 M and pest problems in north FL; tolerates occasionally 8-9 Any Elm 35-50 High wet soil Medium Trees CS Med. white flowers all year; very good for salty shorelines Avicennia germinans ●●●● with full sun; produces pneumatophores (breathing 9a- FL 20-30 H Black Mangrove S roots) that protrude around base of tree; flowers 11 10-20 None attractive to bees

CS Med. wood borers may become a problem if trees are Bursera simaruba ○●●● 10b- FL 20-50 M stressed, but otherwise pest resistant; high wind Gumbo Limbo Any 11 25-40 High resistance 11 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Med. Caesalpinia spp. and cvs. CS ○●●○ region depends on species and cultivar, choose NN varies M Poinciana 9-11 S/L species adapted to climate; flowers variable varies Medium

S Fast Carpentaria acuminata ○●●○ white/cream flowers in spring-fall; tolerates 10b- NN 35-40 L-N Carpentaria Palm Any occasionally wet soil; can cause skin irritation 11 8-10 Medium

Carpinus caroliniana Slow orange/yellow flowers in spring; pest resistant; small NC ●●●○ enough to plant under powerlines; seeds and catkins American Hornbeam, FL 20-30 L-N 8-9a Any used by birds and squirrels; excellent understory tree; Musclewood, Ironwood 20-30 Medium medium-high wind resistance CS Fast Cassia fistula ○●●○ yellow flowers in summer; low wind resistance; 10b- OK 30-40 L-N Golden Shower Any showy when blooming 11 25-40 Medium

NC M-F cultivars provide various foliage and flower color; Cercis canadensis ●●●○ 8b- FL 20-30 L-N purple/lavendar/pink flowers in spring; pest sensitive; Eastern Redbud Any 9a 15-35 High some birds eat beans; medium-high wind resistance

Chrysophyllum S Slow fragrant flowers; attracts wildlife; edible fruit; may ●●○○ oliviforme 10b- FL 30-45 H need native soil incorporated in hole for better Any Satinleaf 11 18-25 High establishment; medium-high wind resistance

S Fast white flowers in summer; edible fruit; watch for Coccoloba diversifolia ●●●○ 10a- FL 30-40 H weevils; attracts wildlife; compact crown makes it Pigeonplum S 11 10-20 High good for small areas; medium-high wind resistance

12 S Slow tolerant of salt or brackish water; orange flowers all Cordia sebestena ○●●● year; geiger beetles eat some foliage so don't plant in 10b- NN 25-30 H Geiger Tree Any high visibility area; damaged by severe freezes; high 11 20-25 High wind resistance Med. "haws" eaten by variety of wildlife; provides good Crataegus spp. NC FL/ ●●●● nesting cover; flowers variable; best for north varies L-N Hawthorn 8-9 NN Any Florida; many species and cultivars; optimal soil varies High conditions depend on species S Fast orange/red flowers in summer; med-low wind Delonix regia OK/ ●●●● resistance; needs large area; invasive assessment: not 10b- 35-40 M Royal poinciana C Any considered a problem species in N and C; caution- 11 40-60 High manage to prevent escape in S Med. white flowers, fall-winter; med-low wind resistance; Eriobotrya japonica NCS OK/ ●●●● Medfly host-don’t plant in citrus areas; invasive 20-30 M Loquat 8-11 C Any assessment: not a problem species in N; caution- 30-35 Medium manage to prevent escape in C and S Ficus citrifolia S M-F ●●●● Shortleaf Fig, Wild 10b- FL 25-50 M edible; don't plant in drainfields, aggressive roots Any Banyan Tree 11 40 High

Fast Ilex × attenuata and cvs. NCS ●●●○ may have severe disease problems in central parts of FL 30-45 M East Palatka Holly 8-10 Any the state; important source of pollen for bees 10-15 Medium

Med. white flowers in spring; important source of pollen Ilex cassine and cvs. NCS ●●○○ for bees; berries provide food for many wildlife FL 20-30 M Dahoon Holly 8-10 Any species; needs to be in a wet area; high wind 15-20 Medium resistance

Ilex myrtifolia Med. inconspicuous white flowers in spring; wildlife NCS ●●●○ Myrtleleaf Holly, Myrtle FL 25-50 M widely use red fruit in late fall; no pest problems; 8-11 Any Holly 10-15 Medium important source of pollen for bees 13 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Ilex rotunda Slow NCS ●●○○ white flowers in spring; important source of pollen Round Holly, Roundleaf NN 20-30 L-N 8-11 Any for bees; attracts wildlife Holly, Rotund Holly 20-30 Medium

CS Fast lavendar/blue flowers in spring-summer; messy when Jacaranda mimosifolia ○●●○ leaves and flowers drop; soft wood, breaks easily; 9b- OK 25-40 L-N Jacaranda Any low wind resistance; invasive assessment: not a 11 45-60 High problem, incomplete conclusions for S and C NCS Fast low wind resistance; attracts birds (excellent nesting Juniperus silicicola ●●●● cover and fruit provides food); good for dune 8a- FL 40 H Southern Red Cedar Any planting; watch for juniper blight and mites; branches 10b 20 High drooping

NCS Fast flowers vary, summer; use mildew resistant cvs., Lagerstroemia indica ●●●● 8- OK 10-30 L-N good air circulation; watch for aphids/sooty Crape/Crepe Myrtle Any 10b 15-30 High mold/root rot; high wind resistance

Lagerstroemia indica × Fast NC ●●●● showy flowers in summer (white, red, pink, purple or fauriei Crape Myrtle, NN 25-50 M 8-9 Any lavendar); many cultivars are mildew resistant Japanese Crape Myrtle 25-35 Medium Lagerstroemia speciosa S Med. lavendar/pink flowers in spring-summer; watch for Crape/Crepe Myrtle, ●●●● 10- OK 45 L-N cottony cushion scale and aphids; tolerates alkaline Pride of India, Queen's Any 11 35 Medium soil when fertilized regularly Crape Myrtle S Fast many cultivars; white flowers, winter; med-low wind Mangifera indica ●●●● resistance; use anthracnose and mildew resistant 10b- NN 30-45 M Mango S/L varieties; watch for mites/scales/thrips; new dwarf 11 30-40 Medium varieties better for small yards

14 Ostrya virginiana Slow NC ●●●○ fall color; nuts used by some birds and mammals; American Hophornbeam, FL 30-40 L-N 8-9a Any medium-high wind resistance American Hornbeam 25-30 High

CS Fast many cultivars for edible fruit; low wind resistance; Persea americana ●●●○ 9b- NN 35-40 L-N watch for avocado lace bug, mites, scales, root rot Avocado Any 11 25-35 Medium (especially in poorly drained soils), fire blight

NCS Med. only for northern part of southern region; larval food Persea borbonia ●●●○ plant for swallowtail butterflies; generally pest-free 8b- FL 30-50 H Red Bay, Bay Oak Any but insect galls can distort leaves; medium-low wind 11 30-50 High resistance Med. Persea palustris NCS ●●○○ FL 20-30 L-N purple fruit; good wetland plant Swamp Bay 8-10 Any 20-30 Medium

Podocarpus gracilior CS Slow ●●●○ relatively pest free; grows slowly in full shade; high Weeping Fern Pine, 9b- OK 30-50 L-N Any wind resistance Weeping Podocarpus 11 25-35 Medium

S-M flowers variable; edible; only grows well in parts of Pyrus spp. NC ○●●○ NN 30 M central Florida; tolerates occasionally wet soil; Pyrus Pear 8-9 S/L 12-15 Medium calleryana has low wind resistance

Slow Quercus chapmanii NC ●●●○ FL 30-45 H provides wildlife food Chapman's Oak 8-9 Any 20-30 High

Med. Quercus lyrata NC ●●●○ FL 30-40 L-N tolerates occasionally wet soil Overcup Oak 8-9a Any 30-40 Medium 15 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought S Med. Rhizophora mangle ●●●● 10- FL 20-40 H yellow flowers all year Red Mangrove Any 11 30-40 Medium

Tabebuia chrysotricha CS Fast ●●●● yellow flowers in spring; medium-low wind Yellow Trumpet Tree, 9B- OK 25-35 M Any resistance Golden Trumpet Tree 11 25-35 Medium

CS Med. Tabebuia heterophylla ●●●● pink/white flowers in spring to summer; medium-low 9B- OK 20-30 M-H Pink Trumpet Tree Any wind resistance; watch for holopothrips 11 15-25 High

CS Slow Tabebuia impetiginosa ●●●● showy, pinkish-purple flowers in spring; medium-low 9b- OK 12-18 M Purple Trumpet Tree Any wind resistance 11 10-15 High Small Trees Acacia farnesiana S-M also known as Acacia smallii; yellow flowers all yr., CS ○●●○ esp. spring;thorny;tolerates occasionally wet Sweet Acacia FL 10-25 M 9-11 S/C High soil;provides seeds/cover for birds;good nectar plant 15-25 for beneficial insects;don't plant next to sidewalk Aesculus pavia Med. N ○●●○ Red Buckeye, Florida FL 15-20 M red flowers in spring; tolerates occasionally wet soil 8-9a Any Buckeye 15-25 Medium

Med. also known as Angelica spinosa; small white flowers Aralia spinosa NC ○●●○ FL 10-25 L-N in spring-summer; purplish berries widely used by Devil's Walkingstick 8-9a Any 6-10 Medium wildlife; spiny stems; tolerates occasionally wet soil 16 M-F fragrant, white flowers all year; attractive foliage; Ardisia escallonioides CS ○●●● round purple fruits widely used by wildlife, mostly in FL 10-21 H Marlberry, Marbleberry 9-11 S/L fall and winter; no pest problems; good for screens 3-12 High and hedges Arenga engleri CS Med. ○●●○ Formosa Palm, Dwarf 9a- NN 10 L-N red/orange/green flowers in spring Any Sugar Palm 11 16 None

Baccharis halimifolia Med. white flowers in fall; poisonous seeds; useful for NCS ●●●● Groundsel Tree, Sea FL 8-12 M reclaiming wet sites, by retention ponds and drainage 8-10 Any Myrtle, Salt-bush 6-12 Medium ditches

CS Fast pink/white flowers in spring-fall; invasive Calliandra spp. and cvs. ○●●○ 9b- NN 10-15 L-N assessment: Calliandra haematocephala assessed as Powderpuff Any 11 8-15 High not a problem, others not yet assessed

NCS Med. red flowers, spring-summer; medium–low wind Callistemon spp. ○●●○ resistance; attracts beneficial insects; invasive 8b- NN 6-30 M Bottlebrush S/L assessment: C. citrinus , C. rigidus, C. viminale 11 6-15 High assessed as not a problem, others not yet assessed Slow many cultivars; flowers up to 6 inches, in winter- Camellia japonica NC ●●○○ spring, color variable; watch for scales, aphids, OK 10-20 L-N Camellia 8-9 Any chewing insects and fungal diseases; requires acid 10-20 Medium soil and will have problems if pH is too high Camellia sasanqua Slow some groundcover cultivars available; flowers in fall- NC ●●○○ winter, color variable; watch for scales, mites, aphids Sasanqua, Sasanqua OK 3-15 L-N 8-9 Any and chewing insects; requires acid soil and will have Camellia varies Medium problems if pH is too high 17 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Canella winterana S Slow ○●●● purple flowers in summer; poisonous (except flowers, Wild Cinnamon, 10b- FL 10-30 H S/L fruit and leaves) Cinnamon Bark 11 10-30 High Capparis S Slow cynophallophora ○●●● 10- FL 6-20 H purple/white flowers in spring Jamaica Caper Tree, Any 11 6-15 High Mustard Tree Cephalanthus Med. flammable, in wildfire-prone area, plant min.30' from NCS ●●●○ bldg; attracts insects; white flowers, spring-summer; occidentalis FL 6-20 L-N 8-11 Any good for retention ponds/swales/canal banks; well Buttonbush 6-8 None adapted to disturbed soils Cephalotaxus Slow harringtonia NC ●●○○ flammable plant - in wildfire-prone area, plant a OK varies L-N Japanese Plum Yew, 8-9 S minimum 30' from buildings varies Medium Harrington Plum Yew Fast clumping palm; yellow flowers in summer; pest Chamaerops humilis NCS ○●●○ NN 5-15 M sensitive; very cold hardy; relatively low maintenance European Fan Palm 8-11 Any 6-15 High compared to other palms; petioles with sharp teeth

Med. Chionanthus pygmaeus C ●●●○ FL 6-12 L-N white flowers in spring; purple fruits in late summer Pygmy Fringetree 9 S 15-20 Medium

Slow Chionanthus retusus N ●●○○ NN 15-20 L-N white flowers in spring-summer Chinese Fringetree 8 S 10-12 Medium

18 Slow showy, white flowers in spring; flowers best in sun; Chionanthus virginicus NC ●●●○ FL 12-20 L-N poisonous; pest sensitive; tolerates occasionally wet Fringetree 8-9 Any 10-15 Medium soil; medium-high wind resistance

S Med. Citharexylum spinosum ●●●○ also known as Citharexylum fruticosum ; white, 10- FL 15-25 M Fiddlewood Any fragrant flowers all year; attracts wildlife 11 12 High

NCS Med. choose species adapted to climate; check Extension Citrus spp. ○●●○ or www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/ for quarantine info.; med- 8b- NN 12-30 M Citrus S/L low wind resistance; invasive assessment: Citrus 11 15-30 Medium medica not a problem, others not assessed Med. fragrant, white flowers, spring; fruit attractive to large Coccoloba uvifera CS ●●●○ wildlife; watch for weevils; grows as shrub on coastal FL 3-35 H Seagrape 9-11 S dunes and as tree inland; deciduous, continual leaf 10-50 High drop; medium-high wind resistance Cordia boissieri CS Slow ○●●● White Geiger, Texas 9a- NN 15-20 M white flowers all year Any Olive 11 10-15 High

Cornus foemina Med. NCS ○●●○ white flowers in spring; larval food plant for spring Swamp Dogwood, Stiff FL 10-16 L-N 8-10 Any azure butterfly; blue berries used by various birds Dogwood, Stiff Cornel 10-16 Low

Cyrilla racemiflora NC Fast ●●○○ white flowers in late spring-summer; wetland plant; Titi, Swamp Cyrilla, 8b- FL 10-30 L-N Any good for edges of retention ponds; attractive to bees Leatherwood 10a 6-15 Medium

Med. Dodonaea viscosa CS ●●●● FL 10-18 H yellow flowers in summer-fall; relatively pest free Hopbush, Varnish Leaf 9-11 S/L 6-15 High 19 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Eugenia spp. (natives Fast flowers variable; few pests; needs little attention once CS ●●●● established; natives are E. axillaris, E. foetida, E. only) FL 10-30 H 9-11 Any rhombea , and E. confusa ; E. axiliaris , E . confusa, Stoppers 5-20 High E. foetida have high wind resistance NCS Med. Forestiera segregata ○●●● yellow flowers in early spring; great hedge; fruit 8b- FL 4-15 H Florida Privet S/L provides food for wildlife, flowers attract insects 11 3-12 High

Med. Ilex × 'Mary Nell' NC ●●●○ white flowers in spring; important source of pollen FL 10-20 M Mary Nell Holly 8-9 S/C for bees 10 Medium

Med. Ilex × 'Nellie R. Stevens' NC ●●●○ white flowers in spring; important source of pollen FL 15-25 M Nellie R. Stevens Holly 8-9 S/C for bees; attracts wildlife 10-12 Medium

Ilex cornuta and cvs. Med. can have severe tea scale problem, especially in cool, NC ●●○○ Chinese Holly, Horned OK varies M shady areas; fruit attracts wildlife; many cultivars; 8-9 Any Holly varies High important source of pollen for bees

NCS Slow flammable plant - in wildfire-prone area, plant a min. Ilex glabra ●●○○ 30' from bldgs.; white flowers in spring; black fruit 8- FL 6-8 M Gallberry Any used by wildlife in late fall and winter; good for 10a 8-10 Medium wetland/pine areas; high wind resistance Med. flammable, in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Ilex vomitoria and cvs. NCS ●●●○ from bldgs; white flowers, spring-summer; red fruit FL varies H Yaupon Holly 8-10 Any (wildlife food), late fall-winter; 'Pendula' - FNGLA varies High Plant of the Year, 2005; high wind resistance

20 Med. Illicium spp. NC FL/ ●●○○ varies L-N flowers variable Star Anise 8-9 NN Any varies Medium

CS Med. scarlet flowers all year; very poisonous, use with Jatropha integerrima ●●●● 9b- NN 15 L-N caution; watch for scales and mealybugs; sensitive to Peregrina Any 11 10 High frost Ligustrum japonicum and NCS Med. white flowers, summer; watch for scale/whiteflies cvs. ○●●○ /sooty mold/nematodes/root rot; used as hedge; thins 8- OK 8-12 H Ligustrum, Japanese Any at bottom unless in full sun; invasive assessment: not 10b 15-25 High Privet a problem, incomplete conclusion Magnolia × soulangiana Med. many cultivars; pink/white/lavender fragrant flowers, NC ●●○○ late winter-spring; no major pests but watch for and cvs. NN 20-25 L-N 8-9a Any scales/nematodes/leaf spots/mushroom root rot; Saucer Magnolia 15-25 Low medium-high wind resistance CS Fast edible; in cooler parts requires protection, foliage Musa spp. ●●●● dies in winter, emerges in spring if no killing frost; 9b- NN 7-30 L-N Banana Any grows quickly when fertilized; needs regular 11 10-15 Low watering; watch for Sigatoka leaf spot disease

Myrcianthes fragrans CS Slow edible fruit; white, fragrant flowers all year and red ○●●○ Simpson's Stopper, 9b- FL 6-30 H berries used by many birds; tolerates occasionally wet Any Twinberry 11 15-20 High soil; needs little attention once established Myrciaria cauliflora S Slow Jaboticaba, Brazilian ●●●● white flowers, time of flowering depends on cultivar; 10b- OK 15-40 L-N Grape Tree, Brazilian Any edible fruit 11 15-40 Medium Grape Fast flammable, in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Myrica cerifera and cvs. NCS ●●●● from bldgs; watch for lobate lac scale, severe in S FL; FL 10-40 H Wax Myrtle 8-10 Any trunk disease can shorten life; good hedge plant for 20-25 Medium wildlife; medium-low wind resistance 21 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Med. Osmanthus americanus NC ○●●○ white, fragrant flowers in spring; fruits of some used FL 15-25 H Wild Olive 8b-9 Any by birds/mammals 10-15 Medium Parkinsonia aculeata Fast Jerusalem Thorn, CS ●●●● yellow flowers in spring-summer; not for wet areas; OK 15-20 H Mexican Palo Verde, 9-11 Any roots rot in poorly drained soil 20-25 High Retama Plumeria rubra S Slow fragrant, showy flowers in spring to fall; watch for ●●●● Frangipani, Nosegay, 10b- OK 20-25 H frangipani caterpillar; needs cold protected spot if Any Templetree 11 20-25 High grown in central Florida

Med. Prunus angustifolia NC ●●●○ white flowers in winter; reddish plums provide FL 12-20 M Chickasaw Plum 8-9 Any wildlife food; medium-high wind resistance 15-20 High

Fast Prunus persica and cvs. NC ●●●○ white/red flowers in spring; edible; select cultivars NN 15-25 L-N Peach 8-9 Any appropriate for your area, based on chill hours 15-25 Medium

Prunus persica var. Fast NC ●●●○ white/red flowers in spring; edible; select cultivars nucipersica NN 15-25 L-N 8-9 Any appropriate for your area, based on chill hours Nectarine 15-25 Medium

Med. white flowers in spring; purple plums provide Prunus umbellata NC ●●●○ FL 12-20 L-N wildlife food; edible fruits, ranging from very tart to Flatwoods Plum 8-9 Any 12-20 Medium sweet; watch for tent caterpillars

22 Quercus geminata NCS Med. ○●●○ high wind resistance; good in dune areas; important Sand Live Oak, Small 8- FL 12-15 H S/L for wildlife food Sand Live Oak 10a 10-12 High

NC Slow wildlife food; used often by threatened Florida scrub Quercus myrtifolia ●●●○ jay; useful for stabilizing banks and in coastal 8a- FL 6-20 M Myrtle Oak S reclamation; tolerates poor growing conditions; no 9b 10-25 High pest problems; high wind resistance Med. flowers variable; wildlife food; use disease-resistant Raphiolepis spp. and cvs. NC ○●●○ cvs., plant in full sun, don't overirrigate to avoid NN 2-10 M Indian Hawthorn 8-9 Any disease; invasive assessment: R. indica assessed as 2-6 High not a problem, others not yet assessed

Fast flowers variable; salt tolerance depends on species, Sambucus spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ 12-20 V check with county Extension office or local nursery Elderberry 8-11 NN Any 12-15 Medium before making final selection

S Fast Senna polyphylla ○●●● 10a- NN 6-10 H yellow flowers in summer Desert Cassia S/L 11 6-8 Medium

Sideroxylon spp. (natives Med. beach plant; region depends on species; flowers NCS ●●●● variable; soil texture and acidity and drainage depend only) FL varies H 8-11 Any on species; Sideroxylon foetidissimum has medium- Buckthorn varies High high wind resistance S Med. Sophora tomentosa ●●●● yellow flowers all year; attractive foliage; seeds 10- FL 6-10 H Necklace Pod S/L poisonous 11 8-12 High

Tabebuia aurea S Med. also known as Tabebuia caraiba ; yellow flowers in ●●●● Silver Trumpet Tree, 10- OK 15-25 M winter to spring; flowers emerge after leaves drop; Any Yellow Tab 11 10-15 High not wind resistant 23 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Tecoma stans CS Fast yellow flowers in summer to winter; FNGLA Plant of ●●●● Yellow Elder, Yellow 9b- OK 20 L-N the Year, 2005; may die to the ground in north FL Any Trumpetbush 11 15 Medium and return in the spring

Viburnum obovatum and Med. NCS ●●●● white flowers in winter-spring; small black fruit used cvs. FL varies L-N 8-10 Any by many birds; good nesting cover Walter's Viburnum varies High

NCS S-M white flowers in spring; susceptible to leaf spots, Viburnum odoratissimum ●●●● powdery mildew, and downy mildew; no major insect 8b- OK 15-30 L-N Sweet Viburnum Any problems, but watch for aphids and scales; often 10a 15-25 Medium grown as a hedge; thins in shaded sites

Viburnum odoratissimum NCS Slow also known as Viburnum awabuki ; white flowers in ●●●○ var. awabuki 8- NN 15-20 L-N spring; good under power lines - takes well to Any Awabuki Viburnum 10b 15-20 Medium pruning

Viburnum rufidulum Slow fall color (scarlet-purple); large cluster of small white NC ●●●● Rusty Blackhaw, Southern FL 20-25 H flowers in spring; small black fruit used by many 8b-9 Any Blackhaw 20-25 High birds; tolerates occasionally wet soil Large Shrubs

Med. pink/white flowers in spring-fall (nearly year round in Abelia × grandiflora NC ○●●○ OK 6-10 L-N central Florida); no pest problems; doesn't flower in Glossy Abelia 8-9 S/C 6-10 Medium the shade

S-M also known as Acacia smallii; yellow flowers all yr., Acacia farnesiana CS ○●●○ esp. spring;thorny;tolerates occasionally wet FL 10-25 M Sweet Acacia 9-11 S/C soil;provides seeds/cover for birds;good nectar plant 15-25 High for beneficial insects;don't plant next to sidewalk 24 Med. Acca sellowiana NCS ○●●○ also known as Feijoa sellowiana; red/white flowers OK 8-15 L-N Pineapple Guava, Feijoa 8-11 S/C in spring; no pest problems; often used as a hedge 8-15 High Acrostichum Med. large fern; good for wet sites in shaded landscape; danaeifolium CS ●●●○ FL 4-8 M foliage sometimes discolors in full sun without Leather Fern, Giant 9-11 Any 3-5 Low regular irrigation Leather Fern Agarista populifolia Med. NC ●●○○ also known as Leucothoe axillaris ; white, fragrant Pipestem, Fetterbush, FL 8-12 L-N 8-9 S/C flowers in spring Doghobble 5-10 Medium

NCS Slow choose species adapted to climate; sharp spines; Agave spp. FL/ ○●●○ invasive assessment: Agave sisalana not a problem var- 6 H Century plant, Agave NN S in N, caution–manage to prevent escape in C,S; iable varies High Agave americana assessed, not invasive Allamanda neriifolia Fast CS ○●●○ yellow flowers all year; no pest problems; makes an Bush Allamanda, Bush NN 5-15 L-N 9-11 Any open hedge; plants in shade flower poorly Trumpet 4-10 Medium

M-F fragrant, white flowers all year; attractive foliage; Ardisia escallonioides CS ○●●● round purple fruits widely used by wildlife, mostly in FL 10-21 H Marlberry, Marbleberry 9-11 S/L fall and winter; no pest problems; good for screens 3-12 High and hedges Med. region, light preferences vary by species, choose Asimina spp. NCS FL/ ○●○○ species appropriate for your conditions; flowers varies L-N Pawpaw 8-10 NN S variable; larval food plant for zebra swallowtail varies Medium butterfly; does not transplant well 25 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Baccharis halimifolia Med. white flowers in fall; poisonous seeds; useful for NCS ●●●● Groundsel Tree, Sea FL 8-12 M reclaiming wet sites, by retention ponds and drainage 8-10 Any Myrtle, Salt-bush 6-12 Medium ditches

Bambusa spp. (clumping NCS Med. region depends on species, choose species adapted to ○●●○ types only) var- NN varies M climate; allow adequate space since bamboo grows Any Bamboo iable varies Medium aggressively

Barleria micans S Fast ○●●○ Giant Yellow Shrimp 10- NN 4-5 U yellow flowers Any Plant 11 4-5 Medium

Berberis julianae Slow white flowers in winter-spring; grow in soil with N ○●●○ Wintergreen Barberry, OK 4-6 M good moisture holding capacity; requires some 8-9a Any Julian's berberis 2-5 Medium pruning to maintain best form; spiny; good barrier

Berberis thunbergii S-M showy fall color; white flowers in spring; no pest N ○●●○ Japanese Barberry, OK 2-8 L-N problems; very good barrier; develops root rot in wet 8-9a Any Crimson Pygmy 4-6 Medium conditions

Brunfelsia grandiflora NCS Med. ○●●○ lavendar/purple/white flowers in spring-fall; do not Yesterday-Today-and- 8b- NN 7-10 L-N Any plant in wet soils Tomorrow 11 5-8 Medium

Buddleia lindleyana Fast NC ○●●○ Butterfly Bush, Lindley's OK 4-6 L-N excellent for butterflies 8-9 Any Butterflybush 4 Medium

26 CS Fast pink/white flowers in spring-fall; invasive Calliandra spp. and cvs. ○●●○ 9b- NN 10-15 L-N assessment: Calliandra haematocephala assessed as Powderpuff Any 11 8-15 High not a problem, others not yet assessed

Med. purple/light purple flowers in spring-fall; attracts Callicarpa americana NCS ●●●○ wildlife; small purplish fruits eaten by some birds in FL 6-8 L-N Beautyberry 8-10 Any late winter; cut fruiting branches are used in flower 6-8 High arrangements NCS Med. red flowers, spring-summer; medium–low wind Callistemon spp. ○●●○ resistance; attracts beneficial insects; invasive 8b- NN 6-30 M Bottlebrush S/L assessment: C. citrinus , C. rigidus , C. viminale 11 6-15 High assessed as not a problem, others not yet assessed Calycanthus floridus Slow NC ●●●● good screen; red flowers in spring-summer; tolerates Carolina Allspice, Eastern FL 6-9 L-N 8b-9 Any occasionally wet soil Sweetshrub 6-12 Medium

Slow many cultivars; flowers up to 6 inches, in winter- Camellia japonica NC ●●○○ spring, color variable; watch for scales, aphids, OK 10-20 L-N Camellia 8-9 Any chewing insects and fungal diseases; requires acid 10-20 Medium soil and will have problems if pH is too high Camellia sasanqua Slow some groundcover cultivars available; flowers in fall- NC ●●○○ winter, color variable; watch for scales, mites, aphids Sasanqua, Sasanqua OK varies L-N 8-9 Any and chewing insects; requires acid soil and will have Camellia varies Medium problems if pH is too high Capparis S Slow cynophallophora ○●●● 10- FL 6-20 H purple/white flowers in spring Jamaica Caper Tree, Any 11 6-15 High Mustard Tree Med. Carissa macrocarpa CS ○●●● also known as Carissa grandiflora ; edible fruit; OK 2-20 H Natal Plum 9-11 S white, fragrant flowers all year; poisonous 2-20 High 27 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Cephalanthus Med. flammable, in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' NC ●●●○ from bldg; attracts insects; white flowers in spring- occidentalis FL 6-20 L-N 8-9 Any summer; good for retention ponds/swales/canal Buttonbush 6-8 None banks; well adapted to disturbed soils Cephalotaxus Slow harringtonia NC ●●○○ flammable plant - in wildfire-prone area, plant a min. OK varies L-N Japanese Plum Yew, 8-9 S 30' from bldgs. varies Medium Harrington Plum Yew Fast Cestrum aurantiacum CS ○●●○ yellow/orange flowers in spring-summer; poisonous NN 10 M Orange Jessamine 9-11 Any parts 8 Medium

Med. Chionanthus pygmaeus C ●●●○ FL 6-12 L-N white flowers in spring; purple fruits in late summer Pygmy Fringetree 9 S 15-20 Medium

S Med. white flowers all year; good screen, used as a hedge; Chrysobalanus icaco ○●●○ no pest problems; edible fruit; attracts wildlife 10- FL 3-30 H Cocoplum Any (purple "plums" used by large birds and mammals); 11 10-20 Medium high wind resistance S Med. Citharexylum spinosum ●●●○ also known as Citharexylum fruticosum ; white, 10- FL 15-25 M Fiddlewood Any fragrant flowers all year; attracts wildlife 11 12 High

Med. Clethra alnifolia NC ●●○○ white, fragrant flowers in summer; attracts bees and FL 4-8 M Sweet Pepperbrush 8-9 Any other wildlife; good for wet areas 4-8 Medium

28 Med. fragrant, white flowers in spring; fruit attractive to Coccoloba uvifera CS ●●●○ large wildlife; watch for weevils; grows as a shrub on FL 3-35 H Seagrape 9-11 S coastal dunes and as a tree inland; deciduous, 10-50 High continual leaf drop; medium-high wind resistance Cocculus laurifolius CS Med. Laurelleaf Snailseed, ○●●○ 9a- OK 12-18 M yellow flowers; poisonous leaves Carolina Coralbead, Any 11 18-20 High Cocculus CS S-M Codiaeum variegatum ●●●● significant variation depending on cultivar; 9b- OK 3-8 L-N Croton Any white/yellow flowers in summer; pest sensitive 11 3-6 Low

Conocarpus erectus S Med. white/cream flowers in spring; silver leaved form ○●●● more susceptible to sooty mold and insect problems; Buttonwood, Silver 10b- FL 5-50 H Any do not plant in marl soil; high wind resistance; Buttonwood 11 15-20 High wildlife value (cover/nesting) Cordyline (spp. & cvs.) S Fast soil drainage, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, size except Cordyline ○●●○ vary by species - check with your county's Extension 10- NN varies V guineensis Any office or local nursery before final species selection; 11 varies Varies Ti plant flowers variable; cold sensitive Med. "haws" eaten by variety of wildlife; provides good Crataegus spp. NC FL/ ●●●● nesting cover; flowers variable; best for north varies L-N Hawthorn 8-9 NN Any Florida; many species and cultivars; optimal soil varies High conditions depend on species Cyrilla racemiflora Fast NC ●●○○ white flowers in late spring-summer; wetland plant; Titi, Swamp Cyrilla, FL 10-30 L-N 8b-9 Any good for edges of retention ponds; attractive to bees Leatherwood 6-15 Medium

Duranta erecta CS Med. also known as Duranta repens ; lavendar/blue/white ○●●○ flowers in summer-fall; showy, poisonous fruit; Golden Dewdrop, 9b- OK 4-18 L-N Any watch for scales, nematodes, chewing insects; Pigeonberry; Skyflower 11 10-15 High irritating sap; thorns; may spread aggressively 29 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Eugenia spp. (natives Fast flowers variable; few pests; needs little attention once CS ●●●● established; natives are E. axillaris , E. foetida , E. only) FL 10-30 H 9-11 Any rhombe a, and E. confusa ; E. axiliaris , E . confusa , Stoppers 5-20 High E. foetida have high wind resistance Fatsia japonica Med. CS ○●●○ white flowers in winter; watch for rat and termite Japanese Aralia, OK 5-8 M 9-11 Any problems Paperplant 3-10 Medium

NCS Med. Forestiera segregata ○●●● yellow flowers in early spring; great hedge; fruit 8b- FL 4-15 H Florida Privet S/L provides food for wildlife, flowers attract insects 11 3-12 High

CS Med. Galphimia glauca ○●●○ yellow flowers all year; no major pest problems, but 9b- NN 5-9 L-N Thryallis, Rain-of-Gold Any watch for caterpillars and mites 11 4-6 Medium

Med. also known as Gardenia angusta ; white, fragrant Gardenia jasminoides NCS ●●○○ flowers, spring-summer; use only grafted varieties OK 4-8 L-N Gardenia, Cape Jasmine 8-10 Any due to nematade susceptibility; watch for scales; use 4-8 Medium iron fertilizer to keep foliage green; requires acid soil S-M Hamamelis virginiana NC ●●●● FL 15-30 L-N cream/yellow flowers in fall Common Witchhazel 8-9 Any 15-25 Low

Fast orange/red flowers, esp. summer; watch for Hamelia patens CS ●●●● mites/whiteflies/scales; foliage usually more FL 5-20 L-N Firebush, Scarletbush 9-11 Any attractive in shade but flowers best in sun; tolerates 5-8 Medium occasionally wet soil; dies back in freezes but returns

30 Heptapleurum Fast CS ○●●○ arboricolum NN 10-15 U also known as Schefflera arboricola 9-11 S/L Dwarf Schefflera 6-15 Medium

Hibiscus spp. (natives NCS Med. region and salt tolerance depend on species, check ●●○○ before final species selection; flowers variable, spring- and their hybrids only) var- FL varies V S/L fall; some hibiscus injured by freezes in extreme Hibiscus, Mallows iable varies Medium north FL; watch for pink hibiscus mealybug Hydrangea macrophylla NC Med. Hydrangea, Bigleaf ●●●● white/pink/purple flowers in spring-summer; pest 8b- OK 6-10 L-N Hydrangea, French Any sensitive; tolerates occasionally wet soil 9a 6-10 Medium Hydrangea Fast Hydrangea quercifolia NC ●●●○ white/cream flowers in summer; good flowering FL 6-10 L-N Oakleaf Hydrangea 8b-9 Any shrub for shade; tolerates occasionally wet soil 6-8 Medium

Med. Ilex × 'Mary Nell' NC ●●●○ white flowers in spring; important source of pollen FL 10-20 M Mary Nell Holly 8-9 S/C for bees 10 Medium

Med. flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Ilex vomitoria and cvs. NCS ●●●○ from bldgs; white flowers, spring-summer; red fruit FL varies H Yaupon Holly 8-10 Any wildlife food, late fall-winter; 'Pendula' was FNGLA varies High Plant of the Year, 2005; high wind resistance Med. Illicium spp. NC FL/ ●●○○ varies L-N flowers variable Star Anise 8-9 NN Any varies Medium 31 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Itea virginica Slow white flowers in spring-summer; good plant for edges NC ●●●○ of retention ponds, swales and canals; occurs Virginia Willow, Virginia FL 3-8 L-N 8-9 S/L naturally in wet soils but may adapt to dry conditions Sweetspire 2-4 Medium (performs best with moderate moisture) CS Fast Jasminum multiflorum ●●●● white, fragrant flowers all year; dies back when cold 9b- NN 5-10 L-N Downy Jasmine Any and comes back; pest sensitive 11 5-10 Medium

Jasminum nitidum Fast CS ●●●○ Star Jasmine, Shining NN 20 L-N white, fragrant flowers in spring to summer 9-11 S/L Jasmine 10 Medium

CS Med. scarlet flowers all year; very poisonous, use with Jatropha integerrima ●●●● 9b- NN 15 L-N caution; watch for scales and mealybugs; sensitive to Peregrina Any 11 10 High frost Juniperus chinensis and M-F flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' cvs. NC ●●●● from bldgs; does not tolerate wet feet; good pollution OK varies M Chinese Juniper, Japanese 8-9 S tolerance; watch for mites (especially when hot and varies High Juniper dry), bagworms, root rot, Phomopsis blight Ligustrum japonicum and NCS Med. white flowers, summer; watch for scale/whiteflies cvs. ○●●○ /sooty mold/nematodes/root rot; used as hedge; thins 8- OK 8-12 H Ligustrum, Japanese Any at bottom unless in full sun; invasive assessment: not 10b 15-25 High Privet a problem, incomplete conclusion Loropetalum chinense Med. white/pink flowers in spring; size varies; no major and cvs NC ●●●○ pest problems but watch for mites/nematodes/root OK 6-15 L-N Loropetalum, Chinese 8-9 Any rot; eriophyid mites may be severe on cv 'Ruby'; in 8-10 Medium Fringe Bush high pH soils may have minor element deficiencies 32 Slow Lyonia ferruginea NCS ●●●○ FL 10-25 L-N white/pink flowers in spring Rusty Lyonia 8-10 S 5-10 High

N Slow Mahonia bealei ●●●○ also known as Berberis bealei ; yellow, fragrant 8b- OK 5-10 M Oregon Hollygrape Any flowers in winter-spring; attracts wildlife 9a 3-4 Medium

Murraya paniculata CS Slow ●●●● white, fragrant flowers all year; good container plant; Orange Jessamine, 9b- OK 8-12 L-N Any pest sensitive; often used as a hedge; attracts wildlife Orange Jasmine, Chalcas 11 8-15 High

CS Fast edible; in cooler parts requires protection, foliage Musa spp. ●●●● dies in winter, emerges in spring if no killing frost; 9b- NN 7-30 L-N Banana Any grows quickly when fertilized; needs regular 11 10-15 Low watering; watch for Sigatoka leaf spot disease

Myrcianthes fragrans CS Slow edible fruit; white, fragrant flowers all year and red ○●●● Simpson's Stopper, 9b- FL 6-30 H berries used by many birds; tolerates occasionally wet Any Twinberry 11 15-20 High soil; needs little attention once established

Fast flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Myrica cerifera and cvs. NCS ●●●● from bldgs; watch for lobate lac scale, severe in south FL 10-40 H Wax Myrtle 8-10 Any FL; trunk disease can shorten life; good hedge plant 20-25 Medium for wildlife; medium-low wind resistance Med. Osmanthus americanus NC ○●●○ white, fragrant flowers in spring; fruits of some use FL 15-25 H Wild Olive 8b-9 Any by birds/mammals 10-15 Medium

Osmanthus fragrans Slow NC ○●●○ Tea Olive, Fragrant Olive, OK 15-30 L-N white, fragrant flowers in fall-spring; pest sensitive 8b-9 Any Sweet Osmanthus 15-20 Medium 33 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Fast Philadelphus inodorus NC ○●●○ NN 10-12 U white flowers in spring English Dogwood 8-9a Any 6-10 High

CS Fast many cvs; height/spread/region/flowers variable; Philodendron cvs. ○●●○ choose for climate; tolerates occasionally wet soil; var- NN varies L-N Philodendron Any invasive assessment: P. cordatum , P. scandens , P. iable varies Medium oxycardium not a problem, others not assessed Philodendron selloum NCS Fast ○●●○ green flowers all year; temperatures in mid to upper Selloum, Tree 8b- NN 6-12 L-N Any 20s burn foliage; tolerates occasionally wet soil Philodendron 11 10-15 Medium

Fast Pittosporum tobira cvs. NCS ●●●○ OK 8-12 H white, fragrant flowers in spring Pittosporum 8-11 S/L 12-18 High Podocarpus gracilior CS Slow Weeping Fern Pine, ●●●○ relatively pest free; grows slowly in full shade; high 9b- OK 30-50 L-N Weeping Podocarpus, Any wind resistance 11 25-35 Medium Weeping Yew Podocarpus NCS Slow ●●●○ no serious pest problems, but watch for scales, sooty macrophyllus and cvs. 8b- NN 30-40 M S/C mold, mites and root rot; high wind resistance Podocarpus 11 20-25 High

S Med. white flowers in spring-summer; caterpillar damage Psychotria nervosa ○●●○ 10b- FL 4-10 M can be serious; red fruit eaten by many wildlife Wild Coffee Any 11 4-10 Medium species

34 Rhododendron austrinum N Slow ●●○○ yellow/orange flowers in spring; select disease- and cvs. 8b- FL 6-10 L-N Any resistant varieties Florida Azalea 9a 4-8 Medium

Rhododendron canescens N Slow ●●○○ pink/white flowers in spring; prefers well drained soil and cvs. 8b- FL 8-12 L-N Any that retains moisture Pinxter Azalea 9a 6-10 Medium

NC Slow region depends on species, choose species adapted to Rhododendron cvs. FL/ ●●○○ climate; flowers variable; invasive assessment: R. var- varies L-N Azalea NN Any obtusum , R. simsii assessed as not a problem, others iable varies Medium not yet assessed Sabal minor Slow fruit attracts wildlife in fall; difficult to transplant; NCS ●●●● good understory plant and for retention Dwarf Palmetto, Blue- FL 4-9 M 8-10 Any ponds/drainage swales, prefers moist soils but stem Palmetto 4-8 High tolerates drier conditions after establishment

Fast flowers variable; salt tolerance depends on species, Sambucus spp. NCS FL/ ●●●● 12-20 V check with county Extension office or local nursery Elderberry 8-11 NN Any 12-15 Medium before making final selection

S Fast Senna polyphylla ○●●● 10a- NN 6-10 H yellow flowers in summer Desert Cassia S/L 11 6-8 Medium

Strelitzia nicolai Fast blue/white flowers all year; scales can be a problem CS ○●●○ when air circulation is inadequate; foliage may tear in Giant Bird of Paradise, NN 20-30 L-N 9-11 Any the wind; needs protection in cooler parts of central White Bird of Paradise 15-20 Low region S Med. Suriana maritima ●●●● yellow flowers all year; good beach plant; will grow 10b- FL 5-20 H Bay Cedar S/L in sand or on bare rock 11 5-8 High 35 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Tabernaemontana CS Fast divaricata ●●●● white, fragrant flowers in summer; watch for scales, 9b- OK 6-10 L-N Crape Jasmine, Pinwheel Any mites, nematodes and sooty mold 11 3-6 Low Flower Tecoma stans CS Fast yellow flowers in summer to winter; FNGLA Plant of ●●●● Yellow Elder, Yellow 9b- OK 20 L-N the Year, 2005; may die to the ground in north FL Any Trumpetbush 11 15 Medium and return in the spring

Ternstroemia Med. NC ○●●○ gymnanthera OK 12-20 L-N white, fragrant flowers in spring; good as hedge 8-9 Any Cleyera, Ternstroemia 5-10 Medium

Thunbergia erecta Fast purple flowers all year; used as hedge in south CS ●●●● King's Mantle, Bush NN 4-6 L-N Florida; tough plant; pest resistant; unclipped plants 9-11 Any Clock Vine 5-8 Medium sprawl across the ground

Tibouchina urvilleana CS Med. also known as Tibouchina semidecandra ; purple ○●●○ Princess Flower, Glory 9b- OK 10-15 L-N flowers all year; was one of the FNGLA Plants of the S/L Bush, Lasiandra 11 10-15 High Year in 2005

Med. white flowers in spring; showy fall color; attracts Vaccinium arboreum NC ●●○○ FL 6-25 L-N wildlife; attracts pollinating insects; tolerates Sparkleberry 8-9 Any 4-15 Medium occasionally wet soil

Med. white flowers in spring; black fruit in fall attracts Vaccinium spp. NCS ●●○○ FL 1-12 L-N wildlife; edible; prefers moist, well-drained Blueberry 8-10 Any 1-10 Medium conditions

36 Viburnum obovatum and Med. NCS ●●●● white flowers in winter-spring; small black fruit used cvs. FL varies L-N 8-10 Any by many birds; good nesting cover Walter's Viburnum varies High

M-F Viburnum suspensum NCS ●●●● OK 6-12 M pink/white flowers in winter-spring; no pest problems Sandankwa Viburnum 8-10 Any 6-12 Low

Fast Vitex agnus-castus NC ○●●○ NN 10-20 M purple flowers in summer; attracts wildlife Chaste Tree 8-9 Any 10-20 High

S Med. Yucca elephantipes ○●●○ also known as Yucca guatemalensis ; white flowers in 10b- OK 30 M Spineless Yucca Any spring to summer 11 8-10 High

Med. Yucca spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ region depends on species; white flowers in spring to 3-12 H Yucca 8-11 NN Any summer 3-6 High 37 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Small Shrubs Med. choose species adapted to climate; flowers variable; Aloe spp. NCS ○●●● injured by frost in extreme north FL; occasional NN varies H Aloe var. Any caterpillars; invasive assessment: Aloe vera assessed varies High and not invasive, others not yet assessed Med. Caesalpinia spp. and cvs. CS ○●●○ region depends on species and cultivar, choose NN varies M Poinciana var. S/L species adapted to climate; flowers variable varies Medium

NCS Fast Gamolepis spp. ○●●○ 8b- NN 2-4 L-N yellow flowers all year Bush Daisy Any 11 3-4 Medium

Lantana depressa Med. NCS ○●●○ small yellow flowers all year; susceptible to Weeping Lantana, FL 3-6 H 8-11 S/L nematodes; poisonous to livestock Pineland Lantana 3-6 Medium

Leucophyllum frutescens NC Med. ○●●○ white/pink/lavender/blue flowers; prefers dry, hot Texas Sage, Texas Ranger, 8b- OK 3-5 M S sites Silverleaf, Barometer Bush 10a 3-5 High

Med. Lyonia lucida NC ●●○○ FL 3-10 L-N white/pink flowers in spring; leaf spotting may occur Fetterbush, Shiny Lyonia 8-9 S/L 2-5 High Mahonia fortunei Slow also known as Berberis fortunei ; yellow flowers all Fortune's Mahonia, N ●●●○ year, esp. spring; no pest problems; low maintenance OK 3-5 M Chinese Mahonia, Holly 8b-9 Any plant well suited as foundation plant on north or east 3-5 Medium Grape side of a building; excellent shade tolerance 38 S Slow Malpighia coccigera ●●●● pink flowers in spring-summer; sensitive to 10b- OK 2-5 M Miniature Holly Any nematodes 11 4-6 Medium

Med. flowers variable; wildlife food; use disease-resistant Raphiolepis spp. and cvs. NC ○●●○ cvs., plant in full sun, don't overirrigate to avoid NN 2-10 M Indian Hawthorn 8-9 Any disease; invasive assessment: R. indica assessed as 2-6 High not a problem, others not yet assessed

Fast flowers variable; red spider mites and black leaf spot Rosa spp. NCS FL/ ●●●● 1-20 M may be a problem; choose only disease-resistant Rose 8-10 NN Any varies Medium cultivars like Knock

Med. Rosmarinus spp. NCS ○●●○ NN 2-5 M flowers variable Rosemary 8-11 S/L 3 High

Russelia equisetiformis CS Med. ○●●○ red flowers all year; good container plant; pest Firecracker Plant, Coral 9b- OK 3-5 M Any sensitive Plant 11 6-12 High

NCS Fast Russelia sarmentosa ○●●○ 8b- NN 3-4 U red flowers in summer to fall; attracts wildlife Firecracker Plant S/L 11 2-4 Medium

Med. white flowers in spring; invasive assessment: Spiraea Spiraea spp. NC ○●●○ NN 3-5 L-N cantoniensis , Spiraea thunbergii assessed as not a Spiraea 8-9 Any 3-4 Medium problem, others not yet assessed 39 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought S S-M Strelitzia reginae ●●●○ orange/blue striking flowers; pest sensitive; tolerates 10- NN 3-5 L-N Bird of Paradise Any occasionally wet soil 11 2-4 High Symphyotricum NC Med. also known as Ampelaster carolinianus, Aster carolinianum ○●●○ carolinianus ; lavendar flowers in fall; tolerates but 8b- FL 1-12 L-N Carolina Aster, Climbing Any blooms poorly in dry soil; larval food plant for pearly 9a 2-4 Medium Aster crescent butterfly Zamia pumila NCS Slow also known as Zamia floridana ; Florida's only native ●●●● cycad; seeds and caudex poisonous; sole larval food Coontie, Florida 8b- FL 1-5 H Any plant for atala butterfly; pest sensitive; temperatures Arrowroot, Florida Zamia 11 3-5 High in low 20s turn foliage brown CS Slow Zamia furfuracea ●●●● seeds and caudex poisonous; freezes in central 9b- NN 2-5 H Cardboard Plant Any Florida and can come back 11 5-8 High Vines Fast Allamanda cathartica CS ○●●○ OK varies L-N yellow flowers all year; all plant parts are poisonous Yellow Allamanda 9-11 Any varies Medium

Allamanda neriifolia Fast CS ○●●○ yellow flowers all year; no pest problems; makes an Bush Allamanda, Bush NN 5-15 L-N 9-11 Any open hedge; plants in shade flower poorly Trumpet 4-10 Medium

Aristolochia spp. Fast white/purple flowers in summer and winter; larval CS FL/ ○●●○ Dutchman's Pipe, 10-15 L-N food plant for pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor ) 9-10 NN S Pipevine varies Medium and polydamas butterfly (Battus polydamas ) 40 Bignonia capreolata Fast NCS ●●●○ Cross Vine, Trumpet FL varies M orange flowers in spring 8-10 Any Flower varies High

CS Fast pink/yellow/orange/white flowers all year, esp. winter Bougainvillea cvs. ●●●○ spring; freezes in parts of central region; invasive 9b- NN varies M Bougainvillea S/L assessment: Bougainvillea glabra assessed as not a 11 15-40 High problem, others not yet assessed Campsis radicans Fast NCS ●●●● Trumpet Creeper, FL to 40 L-N orange/red flowers in spring-summer 8-10 Any Trumpet Vine varies Medium Decumaria barbara Med. Climbing Hydrangea, N ●●○○ FL 60 L-N white flowers in spring Wood Vamp, Cow Itch 8 S/L varies Medium Vine Gelsemium sempervirens M-F NC ●●●○ yellow flowers in late winter to spring; rapid growth Carolina Jessamine, FL 40 L-N 8-9 Any when established; no pest problems; very poisonous Yellow Jasmine 20-30 Low

NCS Fast Hedera canariensis ●●●○ watch for aggressive spread to keep contained; no 8b- OK ½ -1 M Algerian Ivy, Canary Ivy Any pest problems; rich groundcover in the shade 10 1-6 Medium

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought CS Fast Jasminum multiflorum ●●●● white, fragrant flowers all year; dies back when cold 9b- NN 5-10 L-N Downy Jasmine Any and comes back; pest sensitive 11 5-10 Medium

Lonicera sempervirens Fast NC ●●●○ red flowers in spring-summer; relatively pest free; Honeysuckle, Coral FL 10-15 M 8-9 Any birds feed on fruit Honeysuckle varies Medium

Mandevilla cvs. CS Med. ○●●○ Pink Allamanda, 9b- NN varies L-N many cultivars; pink/white flowers all year Any Mandevilla 11 varies Medium

Fast Millettia reticulata CS ○●●○ NN 12-15 M purple flowers in summer to fall Evergreen Wisteria 9-11 S/L 10-12 Low

Paspalum quadrifarium Fast NCS ●●●● Evergreen Paspalum, NN 3-4 H tan flowers in summer 8-10 S/L Crown Grass 3-4 High

NCS Fast pink/purple flowers in summer-fall; larval food plant Passiflora incarnata ●●●● 8b- FL 5-10 M of zebra longwing and gulf fritillary butterflies; Maypop, Passion Vine Any 11 varies High tolerates occasionally wet soil

S Fast Petraea volubilis ○●●● 10b- NN varies L-N purple flowers in spring Queen's Wreath Any 11 varies Medium

42 CS Fast Thunbergia alata ○●●○ 9b- NN 10 L-N yellow flowers in summer Black-Eyed Susan Vine S/L 11 10 Low Trachelospermum NCS Fast white, fragrant, showy flowers in spring; can be jasminoides ●●●● aggressive; no serious pests but watch for scales and 8b- OK varies L-N Confederate Jasmine, Star Any sooty mold; invasive assessment: not considered a 10 varies Medium Jasmine problem, incomplete conclusions in N and C Fast Vitis spp. NC FL/ ●●○○ edible; only certain cultivars adapted to FL; salt 10-50 V Grape 8-9 NN Any tolerance varies by rootstock varies High

Fast Wisteria frutescens NC ○●●○ FL 10-20 L-N lavender, fragrant flowers in spring; poisonous parts American Wisteria 8-9 Any 6-12 Medium Groundcovers Ajuga reptans Fast purple/blue flowers, spring-summer; spreads quickly; NC ○●●○ many cultivars; watch for southern blight; crown rot Bugleweed, Carpet NN ½ -1 L-N 8-9a Any in poor ventilation or soggy soils; does not compete Bugleweed 1-2 Medium well against weeds, especially in sun Fast Anthericum sanderii NCS ○●●○ NN 1½ U St. Bernard's Lily 8-11 Any 1 Medium

Slow yellow/orange flowers in summer-fall; no nitrogen Arachis glabrata NCS ○●●○ fertilizer needed; spreads underground, keep OK ½ H Perennial Peanut 8-11 S contained; no pest problems; withstands foot traffic; varies High best in south, damaged by frost in north, central

Aspidistra elatior NCS Slow brown flowers periodically throughout the year; used ○●●○ Cast Iron Plant, Barroom 8b- OK 1-3 L-N for cut foliage; no pest problems; tolerates deep Any Plant 11 1-3 Medium shade better than most plants 43 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Fast good container plant; attractive foliage Caladium x hortulanum NCS ○●●○ NN 1-2 L-N (red/rose/pink/white/silver/bronze/green); leaves die Caladium 8-11 Any 1-2 Medium back naturally in the fall; pest sensitive

Med. Carissa macrocarpa CS ○●●● also known as Carissa grandiflora ; edible fruit; OK 2-20 H Natal Plum 9-11 S white, fragrant flowers all year; poisonous 2-20 High

Catharanthus roseus CS Med. white/pink/purple flowers all year; watch for OK/ ○●●○ micronutrient deficiencies/disease if too much Periwinkle, Madagascar 9b- 1-2 M C Any moisture; invasive assessment: not a problem in N Periwinkle, Vinca 11 1-2 High and C; caution-manage to prevent escape in S

NCS Med. no major pest problems but watch for scales, mites, Cyrtomium falcatum ○●●○ 8b- OK 2 L-N mealybugs, snails and slugs; good low maintenance Holly Fern Any 11 3-4 Medium groundcover in shady sites; evergreen fern

Slow Dryopteris spp. NCS FL/ ●●○○ region depends on species - choose species adapted varies L-N Autumn Fern 8-11 NN Any to your area; used as cut foliage varies Medium

Dyschoriste oblongifolia Fast NCS ○●●○ Twin Flower, Oblongleaf FL ½ -1 L-N lavendar flowers all year 8-11 Any Snakeherb varies High

Evolvulus glomeratus Med. CS ○●●○ ssp. grandiflorus OK ½ -1 H blue flowers in spring to summer 9-11 S/L Blue Daze 1-2 Medium

44 Glandularia tampensis Med. also known as Verbena tampensis ; purplish- CS ○●●○ Tampa Vervain, Tampa FL 1½ -2 L-N pink/white flowers in summer; endemic to Florida 9-11 S Mock Vervain varies High and endangered

NCS Fast Hedera canariensis ●●●○ watch for aggressive spread to keep contained; no 8b- OK ½ -1 M Algerian Ivy, Canary Ivy Any pest problems; rich groundcover in the shade 10 1-6 Medium

Fast watch for aggressive spread and keep contained; no Hedera helix NC ●●●○ major pest problems but watch for scale and OK 1-2 L-N English Ivy 8-9 Any Rhizoctonia; poisonous; invasive assessment: not 2-5 Medium considered a problem, incomplete conclusion in C,S Juniperus conferta and Slow flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' NC ●●●● from bldgs; must be in full sun and well drained cvs. OK 1-1½ H 8-9 S soils; used for dune stabilization; sensitive to fungus Shore Juniper 6-10 High blight, especially away from the beach Juniperus horizontalis Med. no major pest problems, but watch for mites, and cvs. NC ●●●● bagworms, root rot, Phomopsis blight; plants become OK ½ M Creeping Juniper, 8a-9a Any thin in partial shade; does not tolerate waterlogged 8-10 High Horizontal Juniper conditions Fast white/pink/lavender flowers in summer-fall; watch Lantana montevidensis CS ●●●● OK 1-3 H for pests (caterpillars chew leaves, mites); leaf spots Trailing Lantana 9-11 Any 4-8 Medium cause defoliation in partial shade

Liriope muscari and cvs. Med. purple flowers in summer; pest sensitive; forms a NC ●●●● Liriope, Monkey Grass, OK ½ -1 M solid groundcover in a few years; variegated cultivar 8-9 Any Lily Turf, Border Grass 1-2 Medium is damaged by frost

Rumohra adiantiformis CS S-M ○●●○ Leatherleaf Fern, Seven 9b- OK 1-3 L-N pest sensitive Any Weeks Fern 11 4-5 Medium 45 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought S Slow small pink and white flowers in summer; spreads by Scaevola plumieri ●●●● 10- FL 2-4 H underground rhizomes; well suited to beachfront Inkberry S/L 11 3-8 High sandy soils Trachelospermum NCS Fast withstands foot traffic; spreads aggressively, maintain asiaticum ●●●● to contain it; good for slopes/bank stabilization; no 8b- OK varies M Small-Leaf Confederate Any serious pest problems but watch for 10 varies Medium Jasmine, Asiatic Jasmine scales/whiteflies/sooty mold; foliage burns low 20s Trachelospermum NCS Fast white, fragrant, showy flowers in spring; can be jasminoides ●●●● aggressive; no serious pests but watch for scales and 8b- OK varies L-N Confederate Jasmine, Star Any sooty mold; invasive assessment: not considered a 10 varies Medium Jasmine problem, incomplete conclusions in N and C M-F blue/purple/lavender flowers in summer; no pest Vinca major NC ○●●○ OK 1-2 L-N problems; good for shaded, small gardens; does not Periwinkle 8a-9 Any varies Medium tolerate hot, dry conditions Grasses

Fast soil moisture preference depends on species, check Andropogon spp. NC FL/ ●●●● 3-10 H with Extension office or nursery before making final Bluestem Grass 8-9 NN Any 3-7 High selection; silver/white/pink flowers in fall

Aristida stricta var. Fast NCS ●●○○ also known as Aristida beyrichiana; tan flowers all beyrichiana FL 2-4 L-N 8-11 S year Wiregrass 2-3 High

Chasmanthium latifolium Fast N ●●○○ fall color; tan/bronze flowers in summer-fall; used in River Oats, Northern Sea FL 2-5 L-N 8-9a Any floral arrangements Oats, Indian Wood-oats 2-4 Medium 46 Conradina spp. Fast NC ○●●○ False Rosemary, Scrub FL 1-3 M blue flowers all year; used in beach landscaping 8-9 Any Mints, Beach Rosemary 1-3 High

Fast flammable plant - in wildfire-prone area, plant a min. Cortaderia selloana NCS ○●●○ NN 10-12 H 30' from bldgs.; white flowers in summer; leaves Pampasgrass 8-10 Any 6-8 High have sharp edges

Fast Eragrostis elliottii NCS ●●●○ FL 1-3 L-N tan flowers all year, especially fall Elliott's Lovegrass 8-10 S/L 1-3 High

Fast small red/purple flowers all year, especially fall; Eragrostis spectabilis NCS ●●●○ FL 1-3 L-N grows best in hot, dry sites; does not tolerate wet, Purple Lovegrass 8-10 S/L 1-3 High shady sites

Med. Muhlenbergia capillaris NCS ○●●● pink flowers in fall; tolerates extreme drought and FL 2-5 H Muhly Grass 8-11 S flooding 2-3 High Ophiopogon japonicus Slow and cvs. NCS ○●●○ OK to 1 M white flowers in summer; no pest problems Mondo Grass, Dwarf 8-11 Any varies Medium Lilyturf, Dwarf Liriopoe Panicum virgatum and Fast NCS ●●●○ cvs. FL 1-5 H tan flowers in summer 8-10 Any Panic Grass 1-5 High

Fast tan flowers in summer; grows in brackish areas, use Spartina spp. NC FL/ ●●●○ 2-6 H on saltwater shores; soil moisture preference depends Cordgrass 8-9 NN S varies High on species 47 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Tripsacum dactyloides Med. cream/orange/red/yellow flowers (not showy) in and cvs. NCS ●●●○ FL 4-6 M spring-summer; pest resistant; tolerates occasionally Fakahatchee Grass, 8-11 Any 4-6 Medium wet soil Gamma Grass Med. Tripsacum floridana NCS ●●●○ yellow flowers in spring-summer; used to stabilize FL 2-4 M Florida Gama Grass 8-11 Any banks, steep slopes 4-6 Medium Palms and Palm-like Plants Acoelorrhaphe wrightii S Slow yellow/white flowers, spring; no pest problems; ○●●○ forms dense clump, needs space; w/o regular Paurotis Palm, Saw 10- FL 15-30 M Any fertilization, older leaves lose color; susceptible to Cabbage Palm 11 10-15 Medium manganese deficiency; tolerates occasionally wet soil Arenga engleri CS Slow ○●●○ Formosa Palm, Dwarf 9a- NN 10 L-N red/orange/green flowers in spring Any Sugar Palm 11 16 None

S Med. Bismarckia nobilis ○●●○ fronds blue-green; white/cream flowers; no pest 10a- NN 40-70 M Green Bismarck Palm Any problems 11 15-20 High

Bismarckia nobilis 'Silver S Slow ○●●○ consistently silver fronds; white/cream flowers; don't Select' 10a- NN 40-70 H Any plant under power lines Bismarck Palm 11 10-15 High

NCS Slow edible fruit used for jelly; attracts wildlife; looks best Butia capitata ○●●○ 8b- NN 15-25 M in full sun; white flowers; pest sensitive; high wind Pindo Palm, Jelly Palm Any 11 10-15 High resistance 48 S Slow Carpentaria acuminata ○●●○ white/cream flowers in spring-fall; tolerates 10b- NN 35-40 L-N Carpentaria Palm Any occasionally wet soil; can cause skin irritation 11 8-10 Medium Chamaedorea spp. NCS Fast choose species adapted to region; cream flowers, Chamaedorea, Bamboo ○●●○ spring-summer;good container plant; potential skin var- NN varies L-N Palm, Miniature Fishtail Any irritant; invasive assessment: C. seifrizii not a iable varies Medium Palm problem (incomplete data, S); others not assessed Slow clumping palm; yellow flowers in summer; pest Chamaerops humilis NCS ○●●○ NN 5-15 M sensitive; very cold hardy; relatively low maintenance European Fan Palm 8-11 Any 6-15 High compared to other palms; petioles with sharp teeth

S Fast Coccothrinax argentata ●●●● white flowers in summer; key deer food source; high 10b- FL 3-15 H Silver Palm Any wind resistance 11 6-7 High

Dioon edule Slow watch for scale, mealybugs and occasionally thrips NCS ●●●● during leaf emergence; leaflets very sharp; can Dioon, Chamal, Mexican NN 1-8 M 8-11 Any tolerate adverse conditions for periods but requires Sago 4-6 High excellent drainage and full sun Dypsis lutescens S Med. also known as Chrysalidocarpus lutescens ; regular Areca Palm, Yellow ○●●○ fertilization for green leaves; watch for 10a- NN 15-25 M Butterfly Palm, Bamboo Any bagworms/banana moth/K deficiency; tolerates 11 6-10 High Palm occasionally wet soil; high wind resistance S Med. white flowers in summer; susceptible to Phytophthora Howea forsterana ○●●○ 10- NN 15-25 L-N root rot, so plant only in well drained site; watch for Kentia Palm, Sentry Palm S/L 11 6-10 Medium lethal yellowing disease Licuala grandis S Slow Ruffled Fan Palm, ○●●○ white flowers all year; palms have high fertilizer 10b- NN 10 L-N Vanuatu Fan Palm, S/L needs 11 6 Medium Licuala Palm 49 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Med. flowers variable; Livistona chinensis has high wind Livistona spp. CS ○●●○ resistance; invasive assessment: L. chinensis not NN varies M Fan Palm 9-11 S/L considered a problem in N, caution–manage to varies High prevent escape in C, S (incomplete conclusions)

Phoenix spp. except Slow yellow flowers in summer; Phoenix canariensis, NCS ○●●○ Phoenix reclinata NN varies M Phoenix dactylifera and Phoenix roebelinii have 8-11 S/L Date Palms varies High high wind resistance

Pseudophoenix sargentii S Slow yellow flowers in summer; produces grape-sized red ●●●● Buccaneer Palm, Sargent's 10a- FL 10-40 M fruit; endangered in Florida; grows naturally in sandy Any Palm 11 10-20 High or limestone soils where little rain falls

Ptychosperma elegans S Slow white flowers in summer; resistant to lethal OK/ ○●●○ yellowing; high wind resistance; invasive assessment: Alexander Palm, Solitary 10a- 15-25 L-N C S/L not considered a problem species in N; Palm, Solitaire Palm 11 6-10 High caution–manage to prevent escape in C and S Ptychosperma S Med. ○●●○ macarthurii 10b- NN 15-25 L-N white flowers in summer S/L Macarthur Palm 11 6-10 None

S Med. Ravenea rivularis ○●●○ 10a- NN 50-80 M creamy white flowers in summer; no pest problems Majesty Palm C/L 11 10-15 High

Fast Rhapidophyllum hystrix NCS ○●●○ red flowers in summer; mammals and large birds eat FL 8 L-N Needle Palm 8-11 S/L yellowish fruits 5-10 Medium

50 Slow watch for scales, mealybugs and banana moth; Rhapis excelsa CS ○●●○ manganese deficiency on alkaline soils; iron NN 7-14 L-N Large Lady Palm 9-11 S/L deficiency; in full sun leaves yellow and roots burn if 15 Medium too dry CS Med. Rhapis humilis ○●●○ 9b- NN 7 M watch for scales and mealybugs Slender Lady Palm S/L 11 varies Medium

Slow flowers in spring-summer; small, black berries in Sabal etonia CS ●●●● summer-fall; long-lived (likely over 100 years); FL 4-6 M Scrub Palmetto 9-11 S/L tolerates hot, dry conditions; endemic to central 4-6 High Florida sand scrub; difficult to transplant Sabal minor Slow fruit attracts wildlife in fall; difficult to transplant; NCS ●●●● good understory plant and for retention Dwarf Palmetto, Blue- FL 4-9 M 8-10 Any ponds/drainage swales, prefers moist soils but stem Palmetto 4-8 High tolerates drier conditions after establishment Sabal palmetto NCS Slow FL's state tree; adapted to most landscapes; white ●●●● flowers, summer; watch for weevils/scale/ Cabbage Palm, Sabal 8b- FL 25-60 H Any ganoderma butt rot; high wind resistance; older palms Palm, Cabbage Palmetto 11 10-15 High transplant easily; fruit important to wildlife Slow flammable - in wildfire-prone area, plant min. 30' Serenoa repens NCS ●●●● from bldgs; yellow/white flowers in spring; difficult FL 3-10 H Saw Palmetto 8-11 Any to transplant; grows on first dune; round black fruits 4-10 High used by many mammals and large birds Thrinax morrisii S Slow ●●●● white flowers in summer; tolerates occasionally wet Brittle Thatch Palm, Key 10b- FL 15-20 H Any soil; tolerates light frost; high wind resistance Thatch Palm 11 6-10 High

S Slow white flowers in summer; low maintenance palm for Thrinax radiata ●●●● 10b- FL 15-25 H many landscapes due to small size; high wind Florida Thatch Palm S 11 6-10 High resistance 51 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Med. inconspicuous, fragrant flowers in summer; Trachycarpus fortunei NCS ●●●● moderately susceptible to lethal yellowing; good NN 10-25 M Windmill Palm 8-11 Any palm for shaded landscapes; tolerates occasional sun; 6-10 Medium watch for scale S Slow Wodyetia bifurcata ○●●○ 10- NN 30 M white flowers in spring; no pest problems Foxtail Palm Any 11 8-20 Medium

Zamia pumila NCS Fast also known as Zamia floridana ; Florida's only native ●●●● cycad; seeds and caudex poisonous; sole larval food Coontie, Florida 8b- FL 1-5 H Any plant for atala butterfly; pest sensitive; temperatures Arrowroot, Florida Zamia 11 3-5 High in low 20s turn foliage brown CS Slow Zamia furfuracea ●●●● seeds and caudex poisonous; freezes in central 9b- NN 2-5 H Cardboard Plant Any Florida and can come back 11 5-8 High Perennials Acrostichum Med. large fern; good for wet sites in shaded landscape; danaeifolium CS ●●●○ FL 4-8 M foliage sometimes discolors in full sun without Leather Fern, Giant 9-11 Any 3-5 Low regular irrigation Leather Fern Adiantum capillus- S Slow veneris ○●○○ 10- FL 1½ -2 L-N tolerates occasionally wet soil Southern Maidenhair Any 11 1-1½ Medium Fern, Venus' Hair Fern Agapanthus africanus Fast NCS ○●●○ Lily of the Nile, African NN 2 M purple/white flowers in summer; deciduous 8-10 S Lily 2 Medium 52 NCS Slow choose species adapted to climate; sharp spines; Agave spp. FL/ ○●●○ invasive assessment: Agave sisalana not a problem var- 6 H Century plant, Agave NN S in N, caution–manage to prevent escape in C,S; iable varies High Agave americana assessed, not invasive Ajuga reptans Fast purple/blue flowers, spring-summer; spreads quickly; NC ○●●○ many cultivars; watch for southern blight; crown rot Bugleweed, Carpet NN ½ -1 L-N 8-9a Any in poor ventilation or soggy soils; does not compete Bugleweed 1-2 Medium well against weeds, especially in sun Alocasia spp. CS Fast small, green flowers in summer; large leaves; requires FL/ ○●●○ little attention once planted; no pest problems; Elephant Ears, Taro, 9b- 2-10 L-N NN Any freezing temperatures kill the foliage but grows back Giant Taro 11 1-10 Low in warm weather NCS Med. choose species adapted to climate; flowers variable; Aloe spp. ○●●● injured by frost in extreme north FL; occasional var- NN varies H Aloe Any caterpillars; invasive assessment: Aloe vera assessed iable varies High and not invasive, others not yet assessed Alpinia spp. Fast white with pink/brown/red flowers in summer-fall; NCS ○●●○ will not flower if freezes back; invasive assessment: Shell Ginger, Shell NN 6-12 M 8-11 S/C Alpinia zerumbet assesed and not invasive, others Flower 3-5 Low not yet assessed Med. Amorphophallus spp. NCS ○●●○ grows very slowly in north FL; flowers variable, have NN 6 L-N Voodoo Lily, Snake Lily 9-11 Any a foul odor varies Medium

Fast white and/or blue flowers in summer; can be grown Angelonia angustifolia NCS ○●●○ NN 1-3 U as an annual bedding plant but survives winters in Angelonia 9-11 Any 1-3 Medium zones 9 and 10

Asclepias spp. NCS Fast region/light/soil moisture preferences vary by species, FL/ ○●●○ choose species appropriate for your conditions; Milkweed, Butterfly var- 2-5 L-N NN Any reseeds and spreads; flowers variable; in north FL Weed iable 1-4 Medium goes dormant in winter; sap may irritate 53 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Med. region, light preferences vary by species, choose Asimina spp. NCS FL/ ○●○○ species appropriate for your conditions; flowers varies L-N Pawpaw 8-10 NN S variable; larval food plant for zebra swallowtail varies Medium butterfly; does not transplant well

Slow flowers variable; watch for powdery mildew and Begonia semperflorens NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1 L-N nematodes; grows as an annual in north and central Wax Begonia 8-11 Any ½ -1 Low regions, can be a perennial in south Florida

NCS Fast Belamcanda chinensis ○●●○ yellow flowers in spring-fall; prone to crown rot if 8- NN 1-2 M Blackberry Lily Any kept too wet 10a 2-4 Medium

Blechnum serrulatum Med. hardy fern; forms underground stems, persisting for CS ●●○○ many years, and spreads widely; excellent Swamp Fern, Toothed FL 1-6 L-N 9-11 Any groundcover for moist sites (forms dense clumps); Midsorus Fern, Saw Fern 2-6 Low grows in full sun if in moist conditions Bromeliaceae genera, Slow flowers, light, region vary; choose species for NCS FL/ ○●●○ climate; don't exchange bromeliads from areas with species varies L-N 8-11 NN S Mexican bromeliad weevil; air circulation prevents Bromeliads, Airplants varies High scale/mealybugs; cold/overwatering cause crown rot

Fast good container plant; attractive foliage Caladium x hortulanum NCS ○●●○ NN 1-2 L-N (red/rose/pink/white/silver/bronze/green); leaves die Caladium 8-11 Any 1-2 Medium back naturally in the fall; pest sensitive

54 Fast many cultivars; attractive foliage; flowers variable, in Canna spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ 2-6 L-N summer; invasive assessment: Canna indica assessed Canna Lily 8-11 NN Any 1-3 Medium as not a problem, others not yet assessed

NCS Fast Florida's state wildflower; orange/yellow flowers in Coreopsis spp. FL/ ●●○○ 8a- 1-4 M summer; may be annual or short-lived perennial, Tickseed, Coreopsis NN Any 10b 1-3 High depending on species

Fast Costus spp. NCS ○●●○ NN 6-10 L-N white, fragrant flowers in summer-fall Spiral Ginger 8-11 Any 4-8 Low

NCS Med. many cultivars; flowers variable, all year; watch for Crinum spp. FL/ ○●●○ rust, Botrytis, leaf spots (esp. in south FL), 8b- 3-6 M Crinum Lily NN Any caterpillars and other chewing insects; some are 11 3-6 Medium disease sensitive; poisonous

Fast region varies by species, choose species adapted to Crossandra spp. S ○●●○ NN ½ -4 L-N climate; flowers variable; can be used as annual in Firecracker Flower 10 S/L 1-3 Medium north and central regions

Cuphea hyssopifolia NCS Med. purple/white/pink flowers all year; pest senstive; ○●●○ Mexican Heather, False 8b- OK 1-2 M killed to the ground by hard freeze; may be weedy in Any Heather 11 2-3 High landscapes

NCS Fast Curcuma spp. ○●●○ 8b- NN 1-6 L-N pink/yellow flowers in spring Curcuma, Hidden Lily Any 11 1-4 Medium 55 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Fast Dianella spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ 1-2 U flowers variable Flax Lily 8-11 NN Any 1-2 High

Dicksonia antarctica Slow CS ●●○○ Tasmanian Tree Fern, NN to 50 L-N does not tolerate prolonged freezing or direct sun 9-11 S/L Australian Tree Fern Low Didymochlaena Slow truncatula S ●●○○ NN 1½ U Mahogany Fern, Tree 10 Loam 1½ Low Maidenhair Fern NCS Slow also known as Moraea iridoides and Moraea vegeta, Dietes iridoides ○●●○ 8b- NN 2-6 L-N previously Dietes vegata; white/yellow/blue flowers African Iris, Butterfly Iris Any 11 1-2 Medium in spring-summer; no pest problems Dryopteris eythrosora Slow Autumn Fern, Japanese NCS ●●○○ NN 1-2 L-N no pest problems Shield Fern, Japanese 8-11 Any 1-2 Low Wood Fern Slow Dryopteris spp. NCS FL/ ●●○○ region depends on species - choose species adapted varies L-N Autumn Fern 8-11 NN Any to your area; used as cut foliage varies Medium

Dyschoriste oblongifolia Fast NCS ○●●○ Twin Flower, Oblongleaf FL ½-1½ L-N lavendar flowers all year 8-11 Any Snakeherb varies High

56 Med. Echinacea purpurea NCS ○●●● purple flowers in spring to summer; tolerates FL 1-3 L-N Purple Coneflower 8-10 C/L occasionally wet soil 2-3 High

NCS Med. Euryops spp. ○●●○ region varies by species, choose species appropriate var- NN 3-6 M Daisy Bush Any to climate; flowers variable iable 3-6 High

Evolvulus glomeratus Med. CS ○●●○ ssp. grandiflorus OK ½-1 H blue flowers in spring to summer 9-11 S/L Blue Daze 1-2 Medium

NCS Fast Gaillardia pulchella ○●●○ 8a- FL 1-2 M no pest problems Blanket Flower S/L 11 2-3 High

Fast Gaillardia spp. NCS FL/ ○●●○ yellow/red flowers in summer; used in floral 1-2 M Blanket Flower 8-11 NN S/L arrangements 2-3 High Gaura lindheimeri Med. White Gaura, Whirling NC ○●●○ NN 1-3 L-N pink/white flowers in spring to fall Butterflies, Lindheimer's 8-9 Any 2-3 High Beeblossom NCS Med. Gazania spp. ○●●○ yellow/orange/red flowers in summer; no major pest 8b- NN ½ -1 M Gazania, Treasure Flower Any problems, but roots may rot from overwatering 11 1-2 High

Fast crimson/yellow-orange flowers in spring-summer; Gloriosa spp. NCS ○●●○ NN varies U invasive assessment: Gloriosa superba assessed as Gloriosa Lily 8-10 S/C varies Medium not a problem, others not yet assessed 57 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Slow Haemanthus multiflorus NCS ○●●○ also known as Scadoxus multiflorus; red flowers in NN 1½ U Blood Lily 8-11 S/L summer 1 Medium Hedychium spp., hybrids NCS Fast and cvs. ○●●○ white/yellow/red flowers in spring; thrives in boggy 8b- NN 4-8 M Butterfly Lily, Butterfly S/L soils 11 2-4 Low Ginger Helianthus angustifolius NCS Fast ●●●○ Swamp Sunflower, 8b- FL 2-4 H yellow/brown flowers in fall Any Narrowleaf Sunflower 10 2-4 Medium

NCS Fast yellow/purple flowers all year; good groundcover for Helianthus debilis ●●●○ 8b- FL 1-4 H beaches and dune stabilization; develops fungus if Beach Sunflower S/L 11 2-4 High planted in wet areas; no pest problems

S Fast Heliconia spp. ●●●● 10b- NN 2-15 L-N flowers variable, all year Heliconia Any 11 3-6 None

Fast many cultivars; flowers variable, in summer; watch Hemerocallis spp. NCS ●●●○ NN 1-3 H for rust; invasive assessment: Hemerocallis fulva Daylily 8-10 Any 1-2 Medium assessed as not a problem, others not yet assessed

Hippeastrum spp. and Med. NCS ○●●○ hybrids NN 1-3 L-N red/white flowers in spring 8-10 Any Amaryllis 1-3 Medium

58 Fast Hymenocallis spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ region depends on species - choose species adapted 1-3 H Daylily 8-11 NN Any to your area; white/yellow flowers in spring-fall 3-5 High

Med. Impatiens spp. NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1 L-N flowers variable Impatiens 8-11 Any 1 None

Iris hexagona Med. purple flowers in spring; tolerates partial shade but NCS ●●○○ Louisiana Iris, Blue Flag NN 2-5 L-N flowers best in full sun; good for wet areas or rain 8-10 S/L Iris ½ Low gardens

Iris virginica NCS Med. ●●○○ Virginia Iris, Blue Flag 8b- FL 4-7 L-N lavendar flowers in spring; for wet areas Any Iris 11 1-3 Medium

NCS Fast white flowers in summer; no major pest problems, Justicia brandegeana ●●●○ but watch for caterpillars; grow in full sun for 8b- NN 2-6 L-N Shrimp Plant Any compact growth and better flowering; killed to 11 2-4 Medium ground when freezes but comes back

NCS Slow flowers variable, in summer-fall; caterpillars Justicia carnea ●●●○ 8b- NN 3-6 L-N occasionally eat foliage; watch for mealybugs; killed Jacobinia, Flamingo Plant Any 11 2-3 Low to ground at 20°F but emerges in spring

S Fast Justicia spicigera ●●●● 10b- NN 5 L-N orange flowers in summer Orange Plum Any 11 3-5 Low

Fast Kaempferia spp. NCS ○●●○ NN 2 L-N flowers variable; watch for snails Peacock Ginger 8-10 C/L varies Medium 59 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Kalanchoe blossfeldiana S Slow ○●●○ Kalanchoe, Madagascar 10- NN ½-1 M pink/red/yellow flowers in winter-spring S/L Widow's Thrill 11 ½-1 High

Fast Lantana involucrata CS ●●●○ FL 2-5 H white flowers all year Wild Sage, Buttonsage 9-11 S/L 1-5 Medium

Fast Leonotis leonurus CS ○●●○ NN 4-5 H orange/red flowers in summer to winter Lion's Ear 9-11 Any 2-3 High

NCS Med. Liatris spp. FL/ ○●●○ lavendar/pink/white flowers in summer-fall; attracts 8- 3 L-N Blazing Star NN Any wildlife 10b ½ -1 Medium

Med. Lycoris spp. NC ○●●○ NN 1½ L-N yellow/red/pink flowers in early fall Hurricane Lily 8-9 Any 1 Medium

Mimosa strigillosa Fast NCS ●●●○ Powderpuff, Sunshine FL ½ -¾ M pink powderpuff flowers 8-11 Any Mimosa varies Medium

60 CS Fast edible; in cooler parts requires protection, foliage Musa spp. ●●●● dies in winter, emerges in spring if no killing frost; 9b- NN 7-30 L-N Banana Any grows quickly when fertilized; needs regular 11 10-15 Low watering; watch for Sigatoka leaf spot disease NCS Med. Neomarica gracilis ○●●○ 8b- NN 2-3 L-N white/blue flowers in spring to fall Walking Iris Any 11 2-3 Low

NCS Med. Odontonema strictum ○●●○ 8b- NN 2-6 L-N red flowers in fall-winter; used in floral arrangements Firespike S/L 11 2-3 Medium

Slow Osmunda cinnamomea NCS ●●○○ deciduous, shrub-like fern; good plant for retention FL 2-5 L-N Cinnamon Fern 8-10 C/L ponds, swales and canals 3-4 Low

Med. requires night temperature of 45° F to stay green; Osmunda regalis NCS ●●○○ FL 6-7 L-N watch for caterpillars; may be less attractive during Royal Fern 8-10 Loam 6-7 Low winter dormancy

CS Med. Pachystachys lutea ○●●○ 9b- NN 2-3 L-N yellow flowers in spring-fall Golden Shrimp Plant Any 11 2-3 Low

NCS Fast many cultivars; red/pink/white/lilac flowers in Pentas lanceolata ○●●○ 8b- NN 2-4 M summer; no pest problems; freezing temperatures kill Pentas, Starflower Any 11 2-3 Medium plant to the ground

CS Fast many cvs; height/spread/region/flowers variable; Philodendron cvs. ○●●○ choose for climate; tolerates occasionally wet soil; var- NN varies L-N Philodendron Any invasive assessment: P. cordatum, P. scandens, P. iable varies Medium oxycardium not a problem, others not assessed 61 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Fast Phlox divaricata NCS ●●●○ NN 1-3 L-N purple flowers in summer Blue Phlox 8-11 Any 1-3 Medium

Fast flowers variable; 'Mona Lavender' was one of the Plectranthus spp. NCS ○●●○ FNGLA Plants of the Year in 2004; invasive NN varies L-N Plectranthus 8-11 S/L assessment: Plectranthus parviflorus not a problem, varies Medium others not yet assessed

Fast blue/white flowers all year; pest sensitive; Plumbago auriculata cvs. CS ●●●○ NN 6-10 L-N temperatures in mid 20s kill it to the ground, but it Plumbago 9-11 Any 8-10 Medium comes back from the roots

Med. Pteridium aquilinum NCS ●●●○ FL 3-6 L-N poisonous to livestock Bracken Fern 8-11 S/L 2-3 Medium

Fast Rudbeckia fulgida NC ○●●○ FL 3 L-N Rudbeckia 8-9 S/L 3 Low

Med. Rudbeckia hirta NC ○●●○ large yellow-orange to reddish-orange flowers in FL 2-3 L-N Black-Eyed Susan 8-9 Any summer; does not tolerate prolonged, wet weather 1-2 Medium

NCS Fast Salvia spp. FL/ ○●●○ 8a- varies L-N flowers variable; attracts wildlife Salvia, Sage NN S 11 varies Medium

62 Sisyrinchium Fast NCS ●●●○ angustifolium FL ½ -1½ L-N blue flowers in spring 8-11 Any Blue-eyed Grass ½ -1½ Medium

Solenostemon Fast purple flowers in summer; many cultivars; 'Hurricane NCS ○●●○ Louise' was one of the FNGLA Plants of the Year in scutellorioides NN varies L-N 8-11 Any 2005; watch for mealybugs, caterpillars, fungal Coleus varies Low diseases Med. Solidago spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ yellow flowers in summer-fall; large colonies form in 2-6 H Goldenrod 8-10 NN S some species ½--2 High

S Slow Sphaeropteris cooperi ○●●○ 10b- NN 12-18 L-N also known as Alsophila cooperi Australian Tree Fern S/L 11 8-15 Low

Sprekelia formosissima NCS Fast ○●●○ Aztec Lily, Jacobean Lily, 8- NN 1-2 M red flowers in spring-summer S/L St. James Lily 10b 1-2 Low

Fast flowers variable; invasive assessment: Stachytarpheta spp. NCS FL/ ○●●○ Stachytarpheta urticifolia assessed as 2-8 M Porterweed 8-11 NN Any caution–manage to prevent escape in N,C,S 3-4 Medium (incomplete conclusions); others not assessed Fast Stokesia laevis NC ●●○○ FL 1-2 L-N blue/white flowers in summer; many cultivars Stokes' Aster 8-9 S/L 1-2 High

NCS M-F lavender flowers in spring-fall; relatively pest free; Tulbaghia violacea ○●●○ 8a- OK 1-2 L-N does not flower well in shade; plant has strong garlic Society Garlic S/L 11 1-2 High scent 63 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought Zamia pumila NCS Slow also known as Zamia floridana ; Florida's only native ●●●● cycad; seeds and caudex poisonous; sole larval food Coontie, Florida 8b- FL 1-5 H Any plant for atala butterfly; pest sensitive; temperatures Arrowroot, Florida Zamia 11 3-5 High in low 20s turn foliage brown CS Slow Zamia furfuracea ●●●● seeds and caudex poisonous; freezes in central 9b- NN 2-5 H Cardboard Plant Any Florida and can come back 11 5-8 High

Fast Zephyranthes spp. NCS FL/ ●●●○ white/yellow/pink/red flowers in spring-fall; watch ½ -1 M Rain Lily, Zephyr Lily 8-11 NN Any for maggots, chewing insects, botrytis ½ -1 Medium

Med. Zingiber zerumbet NCS ●●●○ red, fragrant flowers in fall; used in floral NN 4-7 M Pine Cone Ginger 8-11 Any arrangements; tolerates occasionally wet soil 4-6 Medium Annuals Med. Ageratum spp. NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1 L-N many cultivars; purple/white flowers all year Ageratum 8-11 Any ½ -1 Low

Fast Amaranthus spp. NCS FL/ ○●●○ many cultivars; attractive foliage; inconspicuous 1-2 M Amaranth 8-11 NN Any flowers 1-2 Medium

Fast white and/or blue flowers in summer; can be grown Angelonia angustifolia NCS ○●●○ NN 1-3 U as an annual bedding plant but survives winters in Angelonia 9-11 Any 1-3 Medium zones 9 and 10 64 Slow flowers variable; watch for powdery mildew and Begonia semperflorens NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1 L-N nematodes; grows as an annual in north and central Wax Begonia 8-11 Any ½ -1 Low regions, can be a perennial in south Florida

Fast Calendula spp. NCS ○●●○ NN 1-1½ M yellow/orange flowers in winter-spring Pot Marigold 8-11 Any 1-1½ Low

NCS Med. Gazania spp. ○●●○ yellow/orange/red flowers in summer; no major pest 8b- NN ½ -1 M Gazania, Treasure Flower Any problems, but roots may rot from overwatering 11 1-2 High

Med. Impatiens spp. NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1 L-N flowers variable Impatiens 8-11 Any 1 None 65 Growth Soil Soil Scientific name Light Range/ Height pH, Moisture/ Comments Salt

Common Name(s) or NI Optimum Native Native

Region Spread text. Drought NCS Fast white flowers in summer; no major pest problems, Justicia brandegeana ●●●○ but watch for caterpillars; grow in full sun for 8b- NN 2-6 L-N Shrimp Plant Any compact growth and better flowering; killed to 11 2-4 Medium ground when freezes but comes back

S Fast Justicia spicigera ●●●● 10b- NN 5 L-N orange flowers in summer Orange Plum Any 11 3-5 Low

Med. Lobularia maritima NCS ●●●○ purple/white/pink flowers in winter; tolerates light NN ½ -1 L-N Sweet Alyssum 8-11 Any frost ½ -1 Medium Monarda punctata Fast Spotted Horsemint, NC ○●●○ FL 1-3 H pink flowers in summer-fall Dotted Horsemint, 8b-9 Any 2-4 Medium Spotted Beebalm CS Med. Pachystachys lutea ○●●○ 9b- NN 2-3 L-N yellow flowers in spring-fall Golden Shrimp Plant Any 11 2-3 Low

66 Fast many colors of flowers, in fall-spring; watch for Petunia x hybrida NCS ○●●○ NN ½ -1½ M mealybugs, downy mildew, caterpillars and aphids; Petunia 8-11 Any 1 Low can be grown as a perennial in south Florida Fast Rudbeckia fulgida NC ○●●○ FL 3 L-N Rudbeckia 8-9 S/L 3 Low Med. Rudbeckia hirta NC ○●●○ large yellow-orange to reddish-orange flowers in FL 2-3 L-N Black-Eyed Susan 8-9 Any summer; does not tolerate prolonged, wet weather 1-2 Medium Solenostemon Fast purple flowers in summer; many cultivars; 'Hurricane NCS ○●●○ Louise' was one of the FNGLA Plants of the Year in scutellorioides NN varies L-N 8-11 Any 2005; watch for mealybugs, caterpillars, fungal Coleus varies Low diseases Fast Tagetes spp. NCS ○●●○ NN 1-3 L-N flowers variable Marigold 8-11 S/L 1 Medium Med. Torenia fournieri NCS ○●●○ lavendar/pink/blue/white flowers in spring-fall; watch NN ½ -1½ L-N Wishbone Flower 8-11 S/L for caterpillars and slugs 1-1½ Low Fast Viola spp. NC FL/ ○●●○ ½ -1 L-N Violet, Johnny-jump-up 8-9 NN S/L ½ -1 Low Slow Viola x wittrockiana NCS ○●●○ many cultivars; flowers variable, all year; no pest NN ½ -1 L-N Pansy 8-11 Any problems; needs regular watering in warm weather ½ -1 Low Fast many cultivars with various colors and flower sizes, Zinnia hybrids NCS ○●●○ flowering all year; watch for stem borers, chewing NN ½ -3 L-N Zinnia 8-11 Any insects and downy mildew; choose cultivars resistant 1 High to mildew; used for cut flowers 67

References and Additional Information: Black, R.J. and E.F. Gilman. 2004. Landscape Plants for the Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 230 pp.

Broschat, T.K. and A.W. Meerow. 1999. Betrock’s Reference Guide to Florida’s Landscape Plants. Betrock Information Systems, Inc., U.S.A. 428 pp.

Dehgan, B. 1998. Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 638 pp.

Floridata Plant Profiles. 2005. http://Floridata.com

Haehle, R.G. and J. Brookwell. 2004. Native Florida Plants. Taylor Trade Publishing, New York. 400 pp.

Meerow, A.W. 1999. Betrock’s Guide to Landscape Palms. Betrock Information Systems. Hollywood, FL. 138 pp.

Nelson, G. 2003. Florida’s Best Native Landscape Plants. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 411 pp.

Osorio, R. 2001. A Gardener’s Guide to Florida’s Native Plants. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 345 pp.

USDA, NRCS. 2005. The Plants Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge LA 70874-4490 USA.

Watkins, J., T.J. Sheehan, and R.J. Black. 2005. Florida Landscape Plants, Native and Exotic, 2nd Ed. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 468 pp.

University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Department, Woody Ornamental Landscape pages by Ed Gilman: Landscape Plant Fact Sheets: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/ Palm Fact Sheets: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/palms.html Tree Fact Sheets: http://orb.at.ufl.edu/FloridaTrees/

University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS), EDIS publications (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu):

Annual Flowers for Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG018 Native Groundcovers for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH402 Bedding Plants: Selection, Establishment and Maintenance: Native Landscape Plants for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG319 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP222 Bulbs for Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG029 Native Plants that Attract Wildlife: Central Florida: Butterfly Gardening in Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW057 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW062 Common Native Wildflowers of North Florida: Native Shrubs for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH159 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP061 Native Trees for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP007 Drought Tolerant Plants for North and Central Florida: Native Trees for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH157 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP022 North Florida Landscape Plants for Wet Areas: Florida Native Aquatic Plants for Ornamental Water Gardens: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG253 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP095 North Florida Landscape Plants for Shaded Areas: Flowering Perennials for Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG035 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG252 Groundcovers for Central Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH138 Ornamental Palms for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP019 Groundcovers for Florida Homes: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP016 Ornamental Palms for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP009 Groundcovers for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH137 Ornamental Trees for Central Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP014 Groundcovers for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH139 Ornamental Trees for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP015 Landscape Trees for Energy Conservation - South Florida Trees: Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP018 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WO014 Landscaping to Attract Birds in South Florida: Salt Tolerance of Landscape Plants for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP021 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/WO012 Landscaping Backyards for Wildlife: Top Ten Tips for Success: Salt-Tolerant Plants for Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP012 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW175 Selected Shrubs for Central Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP033 Low Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida: Selected Shrubs for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG344 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP107 Trees for Central Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH141 Native Florida Plants for Home Landscapes: Trees for North Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH140 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EP011 Trees for South Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/EH142 Vines for Florida: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG097 69

Index to Common Names Common Name Scientific Name Page Common Name Scientific Name Page African Iris Dietes iridoides 56 Bamboo Bambusa spp. 26 African Lily Agapanthus africanus 52 Bamboo Palm Chamaedorea spp. 49 Agave Agave spp. 25,53 Bamboo Palm Dypsis lutescens 49 Ageratum Ageratum spp. 64 Banana Musa spp. 21,33 Airplants Bromeliaceae 54 Barometer Bush Leucophyllum frutescens 38 Alexander Palm Ptychosperma elegans 50 Barroom Plant Aspidistra elatior 43,54 Algerian Ivy Hedera canariensis 41,45 Bay Cedar Suriana maritima 35 Aloe Aloe spp. 38,53 Bay Oak Persea borbonia 15 Amaranth Amaranthus spp. 64 Beach Rosemary Conradina spp. 47 Amaryllis Hippeastrum spp. 58 Beach Sunflower Helianthus debilis 58 American Elm Ulmus americana 11 Beautyberry Callicarpa americana 27 American Hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana 15 Bigleaf Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla 31 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana 12 Bird of Paradise Strelitzia reginae 40 American Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana 15 Bismarck Palm Bismarckia nobilis 'Silver Select' 48 American Planetree Platanus occidentalis 9 Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica 8 American Wisteria Wisteria frutescens 43 Black Mangrove Avicennia germinans 11 Angelonia Angelonia angustifolia 53,64 Black Olive Bucida buceras 6 Areca Palm Dypsis lutescens 49 Blackberry Lily Belamcanda chinensis 54 Asiatic Jasmine Trachelospermum asiaticum 46 Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 62,67 Australian Tree Fern Dicksonia antarctica 56 Black-Eyed Susan Vine Thunbergia alata 43 Australian Tree Fern Sphaeropteris cooperi 63 Blanket Flower Gaillardia pulchella 57 Autumn Fern Dryopteris eythrosora 56 Blanket Flower Gaillardia spp. 57 Autumn Fern Dryopteris spp. 44,56 Blazing Star Liatris spp. 60 Avocado Persea americana 15 Blood Lily Haemanthus multiflorus 58 Viburnum odoratissimum var. Evolvulus glomeratus ssp. Awabuki Viburnum 24,37 Blue Daze 44,57 awabuki grandiflorus Azalea Rhododendron cvs. 35 Blue Flag Iris Iris hexagona 59 Aztec Lily Sprekelia formosissima 63 Blue Flag Iris Iris virginica 59 Bahama Lysiloma Lysiloma latisiliquum 8 Blue Phlox Phlox divaricata 62 Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 11 Blueberry Vaccinium spp. 36 70

Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium 63 Cape Jasmine Gardenia jasminoides 30 Bluestem Grass Andropogon spp. 46 Cardboard Plant Zamia furfuracea 40,52,64 Blue-stem Palmetto Sabal minor 35,51 Carolina Allspice Calycanthus floridus 27 Bluff Oak Quercus austrina 9 Carolina Ash Fraxinus caroliniana 7 Border Grass Liriope muscari 45,60 Carolina Aster Symphyotricum carolinianum 40 Bottlebrush Callistemon spp. 17,27 Carolina Coralbead Cocculus laurifolius 29 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea cvs. 41 Carolina Jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 41 Bracken Fern Pteridium aquilinum 62 Carpentaria Palm Carpentaria acuminata 12,49 Brazilian Grape Myrciaria cauliflora 21 Carpet Bugleweed Ajuga reptans 43,53 Brazilian Grape Tree Myrciaria cauliflora 21 Cast Iron Plant Aspidistra elatior 43,54 Brittle Thatch Palm Thrinax morrisii 51 Cedar Elm Ulmus crassifolia 11 Bromeliads Bromeliaceae 54 Celosia Celosia spp. 65 Buccaneer Palm Pseudophoenix sargentii 50 Century plant Agave spp. 25,53 Buckthorn Sideroxylon spp. 23 Chalcas Murraya paniculata 33 Bugleweed Ajuga reptans 43,53 Chamaedorea Chamaedorea spp. 49 Bush Allamanda Allamanda neriifolia 25,40 Chamal Dioon edule 49 Bush Clock Vine Thunbergia erecta 36 Chapman's Oak Quercus chapmanii 15 Bush Daisy Gamolepis spp. 38 Chaste Tree Vitex agnus-castus 37 Bush Trumpet Allamanda neriifolia 25,40 Chickasaw Plum Prunus angustifolia 22 Butterfly Bush Buddleia lindleyana 26 Chinese Elm Ulmus parviflora and cvs. 11 Butterfly Ginger Hedychium spp. 58 Chinese Fringe Bush Loropetalum chinense 32 Butterfly Iris Dietes iridoides 56 Chinese Fringetree Chionanthus retusus 18 Butterfly Lily Hedychium spp. 58 Chinese Holly Ilex cornuta 20,31 Butterfly Weed Asclepias spp. 53 Chinese Juniper Juniperus chinensis 32 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 18,28 Chinese Mahonia Mahonia fortunei 38 Buttonsage Lantana involucrata 60 Cinnamon Bark Canella winterana 18 Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus 6,29 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea 61 Cabbage Palm Sabal palmetto 51 Citrus Citrus spp. 19 Cabbage Palmetto Sabal palmetto 51 Cleyera Ternstroemia gymnanthera 36 Caladium Caladium x hortulanum 44,54,65 Climbing Aster Symphyotricum carolinianum 40 Camellia Camellia japonica 17,27 Climbing Hydrangea Decumaria barbara 41 Canary Ivy Hedera canariensis 41,45 Cocculus Cocculus laurifolius 29 Canna Lily Canna spp. 55 Cocoplum Chrysobalanus icaco 28 71

Common Name Scientific Name Page Common Name Scientific Name Page Coleus Solenostemon scutellorioides 63,67 Dwarf Jasmine Trachelospermum asiaticum 46 Common Maidenhair Adiantum capillus-veneris 52 Dwarf Lilyturf Ophiopogon japonicus 47 Common Witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana 30 Dwarf Liriopoe Ophiopogon japonicus 47 Confederate Jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides 43,46 Dwarf Palmetto Sabal minor 35,51 Coontie Zamia pumila 40,52,64 Dwarf Schefflera Heptapleurum arboricolum 31 Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens 42 Dwarf Sugar Palm Arenga engleri 17,48 Coral Plant Russelia equisetiformis 39 East Palatka Holly Ilex × attenuata and cvs. 13 Cordgrass Spartina spp. 47 Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis 12 Coreopsis Coreopsis spp. 55 Eastern Sweetshrub Calycanthus floridus 27 Cow Itch Vine Decumaria barbara 41 Elderberry Sambucus spp. 23,35 Crape Jasmine Tabernaemontana divaricata 16,36 Elephant Ears Alocasia spp. 53 Crape/Crepe Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica 14 Elliott's Lovegrass Eragrostis elliottii 47 Crape/Crepe Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei 14 English Dogwood Philadelphus inodorus 34 Crape/Crepe Myrtle Lagerstroemia speciosa 14 English Ivy Hedera helix 41,45 Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis 45 European Fan Palm Chamaerops humilis 18,49 Crimson Pygmy Berberis thunbergii 26 Evergreen Paspalum Paspalum quadrifarium 42 Crinum Lily Crinum spp. 55 Evergreen Wisteria Millettia reticulata 42 Cross Vine Bignonia capreolata 41 Fakahatchee Grass Tripsacum dactyloides 48 Croton Codiaeum variegatum 29 False Heather Cuphea hyssopifolia 55 Crown Grass Paspalum quadrifarium 42 False Rosemary Conradina spp. 47 Curcuma Curcuma spp. 55 Fan Palm Livistona spp. 50 Dahoon Holly Ilex cassine 13 Feijoa Acca sellowiana 25 Daisy Bush Euryops spp. 57 Fetterbush Agarista populifolia 25 Date Palms Phoenix spp. 50 Fetterbush Lyonia lucida 38 Daylily Hemerocallis spp. 58 Fiddlewood Citharexylum spinosum 19,28 Desert Cassia Senna polyphylla 23,35 Firebush Hamelia patens 30 Devil's Walkingstick Aralia spinosa 16,25 Firecracker Flower Crossandra spp. 55 Dioon Dioon edule 49 Firecracker Plant Russelia equisetiformis 39 Doghobble Agarista populifolia 25 Firecracker Plant Russelia sarmentosa 39 Dotted Horsemint Monarda punctata 66 Firespike Odontonema strictum 61 Downy Jasmine Jasminum multiflorum 32,42 Fish Poison Tree Piscidia piscipula 9 Dutchman's Pipe Aristolochia spp. 40 Flamingo Plant Justicia carnea 59,66 72

Flatwoods Plum Prunus umbellata 22 Goldenrod Solidago spp. 63 Flax Lily Dianella spp. 56 Grape Vitis spp. 43 Florida Arrowroot Zamia pumila 40,52,64 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 7 Florida Azalea Rhododendron austrinum 35 Green Bismarck Palm Bismarckia nobilis 48 Florida Buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 Gregorywood Bucida buceras 6 Florida Gama Grass Tripsacum floridana 48 Groundsel Tree Baccharis halimifolia 17,26 Florida Maple Acer barbatum 6 Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba 11 Florida Privet Forestiera segregata 20,30 Halesia Halesia spp. 7 Florida Thatch Palm Thrinax radiata 51 Harrington Plum Yew Cephalotaxus harringtonia 18,28 Florida Zamia Zamia pumila 40,52,64 Hawthorn Crataegus spp. 13,29 Formosa Palm Arenga engleri 17,48 Heliconia Heliconia spp. 58 Fortune's Mahonia Mahonia fortunei 38 Hibiscus Hibiscus spp. 31 Foxtail Palm Wodyetia bifurcata 52 Hickories Carya spp. 6 Fragrant Olive Osmanthus fragrans 33 Hidden Lily Curcuma spp. 55 Frangipani Plumeria rubra 22 Holly Fern Cyrtomium falcatum 44 French Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla 31 Holly Grape Mahonia fortunei 38 Fringetree Chionanthus virginicus 19 Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens 42 Gallberry Ilex glabra 20 Hopbush Dodonaea viscosa 19 Gamma Grass Tripsacum dactyloides 48 Horizontal Juniper Juniperus horizontalis 45 Gardenia Gardenia jasminoides 30 Horned Holly Ilex cornuta 20,31 Gazania Gazania spp. 57,65 Hurricane Lily Lycoris spp. 60 Geiger Tree Cordia sebestena 13 Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla 31 Giant Bird of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai 35,40 Impatiens Impatiens spp. 59,65 Giant Leather Fern Acrostichum danaeifolium 25,52 Indian Hawthorn Raphiolepis spp. 23,39 Giant Taro Alocasia spp. 53 Indian Wood-oats Chasmanthium latifolium 46 Giant Yellow Shrimp Plant Barleria micans 26 Inkberry Scaevola plumieri 46 Gloriosa Lily Gloriosa spp. 57 Ironwood Carpinus caroliniana 12 Glory Bush Tibouchina urvilleana 36 Jaboticaba Myrciaria cauliflora 21 Glossy Abelia Abelia × grandiflora 24 Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia 14 Golden Dewdrop Duranta erecta 29 Jacobean Lily Sprekelia formosissima 63 Golden Shower Cassia fistula 12 Jacobinia Justicia carnea 59,66 Golden Shrimp Plant Pachystachys lutea 61,66 Jamaica Caper Tree Capparis cynophallophora 18,27 Golden Trumpet Tree Tabebuia chrysotricha 16 Jamaican Dogwood Piscidia piscipula 9 73

Common Name Scientific Name Page Common Name Scientific Name Page Japanese Aralia Fatsia japonica 30 Liriope Liriope muscari 45,60 Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii 26 Live Oak Quercus virginiana 10 Japanese Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei 14 Loblolly Bay Gordonia lasianthus 7 Japanese Juniper Juniperus chinensis 32 Longleaf Pine Pinus palustris 9 Japanese Plum Yew Cephalotaxus harringtonia 18,28 Loquat Eriobotrya japonica 13 Japanese Privet Ligustrum japonicum 21,32 Loropetalum Loropetalum chinense 32 Japanese Shield Fern Dryopteris eythrosora 56 Louisiana Iris Iris hexagona 59 Japanese Wood Fern Dryopteris eythrosora 56 Macarthur Palm Ptychosperma macarthurii 50 Jelly Palm Butia capitata 17,48 Madagascar Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus 44,55,65 Jerusalem Thorn Parkinsonia aculeata 22 Madagascar Widow's Thrill Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 60 Johnny-jump-up Viola spp. 67 Mahogany Fern Didymochlaena truncatula 56 Julian's berberis Berberis julianae 26 Majesty Palm Ravenea rivularis 50 Kalanchoe Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 60 Mallows Hibiscus spp. 31 Kentia Palm Howea forsterana 49 Mandevilla Mandevilla cvs. 42 Key Thatch Palm Thrinax morrisii 51 Mango Mangifera indica 14 King's Mantle Thunbergia erecta 36 Marbleberry Ardisia escallonioides 17,25 Lacebark Elm Ulmus parviflora and cvs. 11 Marigold Tagetes spp. 67 Large Lady Palm Rhapis excelsa 51 Marlberry Ardisia escallonioides 17,25 Lasiandra Tibouchina urvilleana 36 Mary Nell Holly Ilex × 'Mary Nell' 20,31 Laurel Oak Quercus hemisphaerica 9 Maypop Passiflora incarnata 42 Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia 10 Mexican Heather Cuphea hyssopifolia 55 Laurelleaf Snailseed Cocculus laurifolius 29 Mexican Palo Verde Parkinsonia aculeata 22 Leather Fern Acrostichum danaeifolium 25,52 Mexican Sago Dioon edule 49 Leatherleaf Fern Rumohra adiantiformis 45 Milkweed Asclepias spp. 53 Leatherwood Cyrilla racemiflora 19,29 Miniature Fishtail Palm Chamaedorea spp. 49 Licuala Palm Licuala grandis 49 Miniature Holly Malpighia coccigera 39 Ligustrum Ligustrum japonicum 21,32 Mondo Grass Ophiopogon japonicus 47 Lily of the Nile Agapanthus africanus 52 Monkey Grass Liriope muscari 45,60 Lily Turf Liriope muscari 45,60 Morning Glory Ipomoea spp. 41 Lindheimer's Beeblossom Gaura lindheimeri 57 Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia capillaris 47 Lindley's Butterflybush Buddleia lindleyana 26 Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana 12 Lion's Ear Leonotis leonurus 60 Mustard Tree Capparis cynophallophora 18,27 74

Myrtle Holly Ilex myrtifolia 13 Pecan Carya spp. 6 Myrtle Oak Quercus myrtifolia 23 Pentas Pentas lanceolata 61,66 Myrtleleaf Holly Ilex myrtifolia 13 Peregrina Jatropha integerrima 21,32 Narrowleaf Sunflower Helianthus angustifolius 58 Perennial Peanut Arachis glabrata 43 Natal Plum Carissa macrocarpa 27,44 Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus 44,55,65 Necklace Pod Sophora tomentosa 23 Periwinkle Vinca major 46 Nectarine Prunus persica var. nucipersica 22 Petunia Petunia x hybrida 67 Needle Palm Rhapidophyllum hystrix 50 Philodendron Philodendron cvs. 34,61 Nellie R. Stevens Holly Ilex × 'Nellie R. Stevens' 20 Pigeonberry Duranta erecta 29 Northern Sea Oats Chasmanthium latifolium 46 Pigeonplum Coccoloba diversifolia 12 Northern Slash Pine Pinus elliottii var. elliottii 8 Pindo Palm Butia capitata 17,48 Nosegay Plumeria rubra 22 Pine Cone Ginger Zingiber zerumbet 64 Nuttall Oak Quercus nuttallii 10 Pineapple Guava Acca sellowiana 25 Oakleaf Hydrangea Hydrangea quercifolia 31 Pineland Lantana Lantana depressa 38 Oblongleaf Snakeherb Dyschoriste oblongifolia 44,56 Pink Allamanda Mandevilla cvs. 42 Orange Jasmine Murraya paniculata 33 Pink Trumpet Tree Tabebuia heterophylla 16 Orange Jessamine Cestrum aurantiacum 28 Pinwheel Flower Tabernaemontana divaricata 16,36 Orange Jessamine Murraya paniculata 33 Pinxter Azalea Rhododendron canescens 35 Orange Plum Justicia spicigera 59,66 Pipestem Agarista populifolia 25 Oregon Hollygrape Mahonia bealei 33 Pipevine Aristolochia spp. 40 Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata 15 Pittosporum Pittosporum cvs. 34 Oxhorn Bucida Bucida buceras 6 Plectranthus Plectranthus spp. 62 Pampasgrass Cortaderia selloana 47 Plumbago Plumbago auriculata cvs. 62 Panic Grass Panicum virgatum 47 Podocarpus Podocarpus macrophyllus 34 Pansy Viola x wittrockiana 67 Poinciana Caesalpinia spp. 12,38 Paperplant Fatsia japonica 30 Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens 11 Paradise Tree Simarouba glauca 10 Pop Ash Fraxinus caroliniana 7 Passion Vine Passiflora incarnata 42 Porterweed Stachytarpheta spp. 63 Paurotis Palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii 48 Pot Marigold Calendula spp. 65 Pawpaw Asimina spp. 25,54 Powderpuff Calliandra spp. 17,27 Peach Prunus persica 22 Powderpuff Mimosa strigillosa 60 Peacock Ginger Kaempferia spp. 59 Pride of India Lagerstroemia speciosa 14 Pear Pyrus spp. 15 Princess Flower Tibouchina urvilleana 36 75

Common Name Scientific Name Page Common Name Scientific Name Page Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea 57 Sandankwa Viburnum Viburnum suspensum 37 Purple Lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis 47 Sargent's Palm Pseudophoenix sargentii 50 Purple Trumpet Tree Tabebuia impetiginosa 16 Sasanqua Camellia sasanqua 17,27 Pygmy Fringetree Chionanthus pygmaeus 18,28 Sasanqua Camellia Camellia sasanqua 17,27 Queen's Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia speciosa 14 Satinleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme 12 Queen's Wreath Petraea volubilis 42 Saucer Magnolia Magnolia × soulangiana 21 Rain Lily Zephyranthes spp. 64 Saw Cabbage Palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii 48 Rain-of-Gold Galphimia glauca 30 Saw Fern Blechnum serrulatum 54 Red Bay Persea borbonia 15 Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens 51 Red Buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 Sawtooth Oak Quercus acutissima 9 Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana 7 Scarletbush Hamelia patens 30 Red Mangrove Rhizophora mangle 16 Scrub Mints Conradina spp. 47 Red Maple Acer rubrum 6 Scrub Palmetto Sabal etonia 39,51 Retama Parkinsonia aculeata 22 Sea Myrtle Baccharis halimifolia 17,26 River Birch Betula nigra 6 Seagrape Coccoloba uvifera 19,29 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium 46 Selloum Philodendron selloum 34 Rose Rosa spp. 39 Sentry Palm Howea forsterana 49 Rosemary Rosmarinus spp. 39 Seven Weeks Fern Rumohra adiantiformis 45 Rotund Holly Ilex rotunda 14 Shell Flower Alpinia spp. 53 Round Holly Ilex rotunda 14 Shell Ginger Alpinia spp. 53 Roundleaf Holly Ilex rotunda 14 Shining Jasmine Jasminum nitidum 32 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis 61 Shiny Lyonia Lyonia lucida 38 Royal poinciana Delonix regia 13 Shore Juniper Juniperus conferta 45 Rudbeckia Rudbeckia fulgida 62,67 Shortleaf Fig Ficus citrifolia 13 Ruffled Fan Palm Licuala grandis 49 Shrimp Plant Justicia brandegeana 59,66 Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum 24,37 Shumard Oak Quercus shumardii 10 Rusty Lyonia Lyonia ferruginea 33 Silver Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus 6,29 Sabal Palm Sabal palmetto 51 Silver Palm Coccothrinax argentata 49 Sage Salvia spp. 62 Silver Trumpet Tree Tabebuia aurea 23 Salt-bush Baccharis halimifolia 17,26 Silverbell Halesia spp. 7 Salvia Salvia spp. 62 Silverleaf Leucophyllum frutescens 38 Sand Live Oak Quercus geminata 23 Simpson's Stopper Myrcianthes fragrans 21,33 76

Skyflower Duranta erecta 29 Stokes' Aster Stokesia laevis 63 Slender Lady Palm Rhapis humilis 51 Stoppers Eugenia spp. 20,30 Small Sand Live Oak Quercus geminata 23 Strangler Fig Ficus aurea 6 Small-Leaf Confederate Sunshine Mimosa Mimosa strigillosa 60 Trachelospermum asiaticum 46 Jasmine Swamp Bay Persea palustris 15 Snake Lily Amorphophallus spp. 53 Swamp Chestnut Quercus michauxii 10 Society Garlic Tulbaghia violacea 63 Swamp Chestnut Oak Quercus michauxii 10 Solitaire Palm Ptychosperma elegans 50 Swamp Cyrilla Cyrilla racemiflora 19,29 Solitary Palm Ptychosperma elegans 50 Swamp Dogwood Cornus foemina 19 Southern Blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum 24,37 Swamp Fern Blechnum serrulatum 54 Southern Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 8 Swamp Sunflower Helianthus angustifolius 58 Southern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris 52 Sweet Acacia Acacia farnesiana 16, 24 Southern Red Cedar Juniperus silicicola 14 Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima 66 Southern Red Oak Quercus falcata 9 Sweet Bay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana 8 Southern Slash Pine Pinus elliottii var. densa 8 Sweet Osmanthus Osmanthus fragrans 33 Southern Sugar Maple Acer barbatum 6 Sweet Pepperbrush Clethra alnifolia 28 Spanish Oak Quercus falcata 9 Sweet Viburnum Viburnum odoratissimum 24,37 Sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum 36 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 7 Spider Lily Hymenocallis spp. 59 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis 9 Spineless Yucca Yucca elephantipes 37 Tampa Mock Vervain Glandularia tampensis 45 Spiraea Spiraea spp. 39 Tampa Vervain Glandularia tampensis 45 Spiral Ginger Costus spp. 55 Taro Alocasia spp. 53 Spotted Beebalm Monarda punctata 66 Tasmanian Tree Fern Dicksonia antarctica 56 Spotted Horsemint Monarda punctata 66 Tea Olive Osmanthus fragrans 33 Spruce Pine Pinus glabra 8 Templetree Plumeria rubra 22 St. Bernard's Lily Anthericum sanderii 43 Ternstroemia Ternstroemia gymnanthera 36 St. James Lily Sprekelia formosissima 63 Texas Olive Cordia boissieri 19 Star Anise Illicium spp. 21,31 Texas Ranger Leucophyllum frutescens 38 Star Jasmine Jasminum nitidum 32 Texas Sage Leucophyllum frutescens 38 Star Jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides 43,46 Thryallis Galphimia glauca 30 Starflower Pentas lanceolata 61,66 Ti plant Cordyline spp. 29 Stiff Cornel Cornus foemina 19 Tickseed Coreopsis spp. 65 Stiff Dogwood Cornus foemina 19 Titi Cyrilla racemiflora 19,29 77

Common Name Scientific Name Page Common Name Scientific Name Page Toothed Midsorus Fern Blechnum serrulatum 54 West Indian Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni 10 Trailing Lantana Lantana montevidensis 45 Whirling Butterflies Gaura lindheimeri 57 Treasure Flower Gazania spp. 57,65 White Ash Fraxinus americana 7 Tree Maidenhair Fern Didymochlaena truncatula 56 White Bird of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai 35,40 Tree Philodendron Philodendron selloum 34 White Gaura Gaura lindheimeri 57 Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans 41 White Geiger Cordia boissieri 19 Trumpet Flower Bignonia capreolata 41 White Oak Quercus alba 9 Trumpet Vine Campsis radicans 41 Wild Banyan Tree Ficus citrifolia 13 Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 7 Wild Cinnamon Canella winterana 18 Tulip Tree Liriodendron tulipifera 7 Wild Coffee Psychotria nervosa 34 Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica 8 Wild Olive Osmanthus americanus 22,33 Turkey Oak Quercus falcata 9 Wild Sage Lantana involucrata 60 Twin Flower Dyschoriste oblongifolia 44,56 Wild Tamarind Lysiloma latisiliquum 8 Twinberry Myrcianthes fragrans 21,33 Windmill Palm Trachycarpus fortunei 52 Vanuatu Fan Palm Licuala grandis 49 Winged Elm Ulmus alata 11 Varnish Leaf Dodonaea viscosa 19 Wintergreen Barberry Berberis julianae 26 Venus' Hair Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris 52 Wiregrass Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana 46 Vinca Catharanthus roseus 44,55,65 Wishbone Flower Torenia fournieri 67 Violet Viola spp. 67 Wood Vamp Decumaria barbara 41 Virginia Iris Iris virginica 59 Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria 20,31 Virginia Sweetspire Itea virginica 32 Yellow Allamanda Allamanda cathartica 40 Virginia Willow Itea virginica 32 Yellow Butterfly Palm Dypsis lutescens 49 Voodoo Lily Amorphophallus spp. 53 Yellow Elder Tecoma stans 24,36 Walking Iris Neomarica gracilis 61 Yellow Jasmine Gelsemium sempervirens 41 Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum 24,37 Yellow Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 7 Water Ash Fraxinus caroliniana 7 Yellow Tab Tabebuia aurea 23 Wax Begonia Begonia semperflorens 54,65 Yellow Trumpet Tree Tabebuia chrysotricha 16 Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera 21,33 Yellow Trumpetbush Tecoma stans 24,36 Weeping Fern Pine Podocarpus gracilior 15,34 Yesterday-Today-and-Tomorrow Brunfelsia grandiflora 26 Weeping Lantana Lantana depressa 38 Yucca Yucca spp. 37 Weeping Podocarpus Podocarpus gracilior 15,34 Zephyr Lily Zephyranthes spp. 64 Weeping Yew Podocarpus gracilior 15,34 Zinnia Zinnia hybrids 67 78

Index to Synonyms (Other Scientific Names Used) Other Scientific Name Name in List Common Name Page Acacia smallii Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia 16, 24 Acer saccharum ssp. floridanum Acer barbatum Florida Maple 6 Alsophila cooperi Sphaeropteris cooperi Australian Tree Fern 63 Ampelaster carolinianus Symphyotricum carolinianum Carolina Aster, Climbing Aster 40 Angelica spinosa Aralia spinosa Devil's Walkingstick 16,25 Aristida beyrichiana Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana Wiregrass 46 Aster carolinianus Symphyotricum carolinianum Carolina Aster, Climbing Aster 40 Berberis bealei Mahonia bealei Oregon Hollygrape 33 Berberis fortunei Mahonia fortunei Fortune's Mahonia 38 Carissa grandiflora Carissa macrocarpa Natal Plum 27,44 Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Dypsis lutescens Areca Palm, Yellow Butterfly Palm 49 Citharexylum fruticosum Citharexylum spinosum Fiddlewood 19,28 Dietes vegata Dietes iridoides African Iris 56 Duranta repens Duranta erecta Golden Dewdrop 29 Feijoa sellowiana Acca sellowiana Pineapple Guava 25 Gardenia angusta Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia 30 Leucothoe axillaris Agarista populifolia Pipestem 25 Moraea iridoides Dietes iridoides African Iris 56 Moraea vegeta Dietes iridoides African Iris 56 Scadoxus multiflorus Haemanthus multiflorus Blood Lily 58 Schefflera arboricola Heptapleurum arboricolum Dwarf Schefflera 31 Tabebuia caraiba Tabebuia aurea Silver Trumpet Tree 23 Taxodium distichum var. nutans Taxodium ascendens Pond Cypress 11 Tibouchina semidecandra Tibouchina urvilleana Princess Flower 36 Verbena tampensis Glandularia tampensis Tampa Vervain 45 Viburnum awabuki Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki Awabuki Viburnum 24,37 Zamia floridana Zamia pumila Coontie 40,52

This publication was funded in part by a Section 319 Nonpoint Source Management Program Implementation grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a contract with the Nonpoint Source Management Section of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, Larry R. Arrington, Director, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, publishes this information to further the purpose of the May 8 and June 30, 1914 Acts of Congress; and is authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Single copies of extension publications (excluding 4-H and youth publications) are available free to Florida residents from county extension offices. This information was originally published February 2006, Reprinted with revisions February 2007, Florida Cooperative Extension Service.