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Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" TREATING AttENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context Edited by Steven W. Evans, Ph.D. and Betsy Hoza, Ph.D. 4478 U.S. Route 27 • P.O. Box 585 • Kingston, NJ 08528 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 1 15/07/2011 11:54:49 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" Copyright © 2011 By Civic Research Institute, Inc. Kingston, New Jersey 08528 The information in this book is not intended to replace the services of professionals trained in psychiatry or other mental health care, social service advocacy, or any other discipline discussed in this book. Civic Research Institute, Inc. provides this informa- tion without advocating the use of or endorsing the issues, theories, precedent, guid- ance, resources, or practical materials discussed herein. Any application of the issues, theories, precedent, guidance, resources, or practical materials set forth in this book is at the reader’s sole discretion and risk. The authors, editors, and Civic Research Institute, Inc. specifically disclaim any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in part or in whole by any proc- ess without written permission from the publisher. This book is printed on acid free paper. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context / Steven W. Evans, Ph.D., and Betsy Hoza, Ph.D. ISBN 978-1-887554-80-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2011933123 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 2 15/07/2011 11:54:49 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" Table of Contents About the Editors and Contributors . xxi PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO ADHD: BACKGROUND AND BIOLOGY Chapter 1: Overview and Historical Background of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Kevin M. Antshel, Ph.D. and Russell Barkley, Ph.D. Introduction . 1-2 Early Descriptions of ADHD ........................................... 1-2 Alexander Crichton’s Description . 1-2 Fidgety Phillip ................................................ 1-3 George Still’s Description . 1-3 A. F. Tredgold’s Description . 1-4 The 1917–1918 Encephalitis Epidemic ............................ 1-4 Associations Between Brain Disease and Behavioral Pathology ............... 1-5 Post-Encephalitic Behavior Disorder .............................. 1-5 Frontal Lobe Lesions . 1-5 Brain Injury .................................................. 1-5 The Birth of Pediatric Psychopharmacology . 1-6 The Hyperkinetic Syndrome . 1-6 The 1970s .......................................................... 1-7 Attention Deficits Become Central to ADHD ....................... 1-7 Assessing Hyperactivity and Inattention ........................... 1-8 Treatment .................................................... 1-9 Stimulant Medications ................................... 1-9 Parenting . 1-9 Behavior Modification . 1-10 Public Law 94-142 . 1-10 Adult MBD/Hyperactivity . 1-10 The 1980s ......................................................... 1-11 Research Diagnostic Criteria . 1-11 The Rise and Fall of Inattention ................................. 1-12 ADD Subtyping . 1-13 Assessment . 1-13 Treatment ................................................... 1-14 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy . 1-14 Parent Training . 1-14 Tricyclic Antidepressants . 1-14 The Emergence of Parent Support Associations . 1-15 v 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 5 15/07/2011 11:54:49 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" vi TREATING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER The 1990s . 1-15 Neuroimaging . 1-15 Genetics .................................................... 1-15 Research ............................................. 1-15 Twin Studies . 1-16 Molecular Techniques .................................. 1-16 Adult ADHD ................................................ 1-16 DSM-IV . 1-16 Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) Study . 1-16 2000 and Beyond . 1-17 Neuroimaging . 1-17 Genetics .................................................... 1-17 Neuropsychology . 1-18 ADHD Subtyping ............................................ 1-18 Treatment ................................................... 1-18 Conclusion . 1-19 Chapter 2: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Catecholamines, and the “Default Mode” of Brain Function: A Reassessment of the Dopaminergic Hypothesis of ADHD by Francisco Aboitiz, Ph.D. and F. Xavier Castellanos, M.D. Introduction . 2-1 Catecholaminergic Signaling ........................................... 2-2 Modes of Dopaminergic Signaling and Goal-Directed Behavior . 2-4 Dopaminergic Signaling and ADHD Symptomatology . 2-5 Norepinephrine and Other Neurotransmitters .............................. 2-7 Action of Stimulants (and Nonstimulants) . 2-7 The “Default Mode” Network and ADHD ................................ 2-9 Does Impairment in “Default Mode” Regulation Relate to Alterations in Catecholaminergic Signaling? . 2-12 Conclusion . 2-13 PART 2: ASSESSMENT ISSUES AND TECHNIQUES Chapter 3: Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Children by Steve S. Lee, Ph.D. and Kathryn L. Humphreys, M.A., Ed.M. Introduction . 3-2 Phenomenology and Terminology ....................................... 3-3 ADHD Subtypes .............................................. 3-4 Comorbid Oppositionality and Aggression . 3-4 Epidemiology ....................................................... 3-5 Age of Onset ................................................. 3-5 Prevalence ................................................... 3-5 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 6 15/07/2011 11:54:50 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" TABLE OF CONTENTS vii Gender Influences . 3-6 Race-Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status . 3-7 Is ADHD a Valid Disorder in Young Children? . 3-8 DSM-III-R Versus DSM-IV Symptoms ............................ 3-8 Outcomes of Young Children With ADHD ......................... 3-9 ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ........................ 3-10 Additional ADHD Studies . 3-11 Assessment Instruments .............................................. 3-12 Diagnostic Interviews ......................................... 3-12 Respondent-Based Interviews ............................ 3-12 Interviewer-Based Interviews ............................ 3-13 Respondent-Based Interviews . 3-13 National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children . 3-13 Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Young Children ............. 3-14 Interviewer-Based Interviews ................................... 3-14 Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders-PL . 3-14 Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment ..................... 3-15 Preschool Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study Diagnostic Interview . 3-16 Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Symptoms . 3-16 Rating Scales ................................................ 3-16 Early Child Inventory-4 . 3-17 ADHD Rating Scale-IV Preschool Version . 3-17 Revised Conners’ Parent and Teacher Rating Scales .......... 3-18 Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 and Caregiver-Teacher Report Form ........................ 3-18 Early Childhood Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale . 3-19 ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale .......................... 3-19 Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale–Parent Version ............ 3-20 Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition . 3-20 Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory ......................... 3-20 Developmental Perspectives . 3-20 Clinical Perspectives . 3-22 Future Research Directions . 3-23 Conclusion . 3-24 Chapter 4: Assessment of Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Gregory A. Fabiano, Ph.D. Introduction . 4-1 Current Conceptualization of ADHD . 4-2 Current ADHD Assessment Methods . 4-4 Assessment of ADHD Symptoms . 4-4 ADHD Rating Scales . 4-4 ADHD Diagnostic Interviews ............................. 4-6 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 7 15/07/2011 11:54:50 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" viii TREATING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Assessment of ADHD Impairment . 4-6 Impairment Rating Scales ................................ 4-7 Impairment Interviews . 4-8 ADHD-Related Observations .................................... 4-8 ADHD Assessments for Progress Monitoring ....................... 4-8 ADHD Assessments for Treatment Outcome . 4-10 Developmental Considerations in Assessment . 4-11 Summary and Recommendations for ADHD Assessments . 4-12 Chapter 5: Assessment of Problems Comorbid With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Paul J. Rosen, Ph.D., Tanya E. Froehlich, M.D., Joshua M. Langberg, Ph.D. and Jeffery N. Epstein, Ph.D. Introduction . 5-2 Disruptive Behavior Disorders . 5-3 Prevalence and Effects of Comorbidity ............................ 5-3 Shared and Differential Aspects .................................. 5-3 Shared Aspects ......................................... 5-3 Differential Aspects ..................................... 5-4 Assessment and Differential Diagnosis ............................ 5-4 Anxiety Disorders . 5-5 Prevalence and Effects of Comorbidity ...........................
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