DOCSLIB.ORG

PEDIATRICS ADHD P a R T I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PEDIATRICS ADHD P a R T I PEDIATRICS ADHD P a r t I Jassin M. Jouria, MD Dr. Jassin M. Jouria is a medical doctor, professor of academic medicine, and medical author. He graduated from Ross University School of Medicine and has completed his clinical clerkship training in various teaching hospitals throughout New York, including King’s County Hospital Center and Brookdale Medical Center, among others. Dr. Jouria has passed all USMLE medical board exams, and has served as a test prep tutor and instructor for Kaplan. He has developed several medical courses and curricula for a variety of educational institutions. Dr. Jouria has also served on multiple levels in the academic field including faculty member and Department Chair. Dr. Jouria continues to serves as a Subject Matter Expert for several continuing education organizations covering multiple basic medical sciences. He has also developed several continuing medical education courses covering various topics in clinical medicine. Recently, Dr. Jouria has been contracted by the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital’s Department of Surgery to develop an e-module training series for trauma patient management. Dr. Jouria is currently authoring an academic textbook on Human Anatomy & Physiology. ABSTRACT Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a diagnosis that tends to cause a lot of fear and confusion in parents and caregivers, but receiving the proper information in a timely manner from medical professionals can help alleviate many of those feelings. ADHD is a chronic disorder that includes a combination of symptoms, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention. Millions of children struggle with ADHD, but there is plenty of cause for hope. Symptoms of ADHD frequently ease as the patient reaches adulthood, and there are good medical and behavioral treatment strategies available. It is important to carefully screen patients according to current standards before making an ADHD diagnosis. In order to avoid overdiagnosing, a child shouldn't receive a diagnosis of ADHD unless the core symptoms of ADHD start early in life and create significant problems at home and at school on an ongoing basis. Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 1 Policy Statement This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the policies of NurseCe4Less.com and the continuing nursing education requirements of the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation for registered nurses. It is the policy of NurseCe4Less.com to ensure objectivity, transparency, and best practice in clinical education for all continuing nursing education (CNE) activities. Continuing Education Credit Designation This educational activity is credited for 3 hours. Nurses may only claim credit commensurate with the credit awarded for completion of this course activity. Statement of Learning Need Nurses, depending on their role and training, may or may not have primary responsibility to diagnose ADHD; however, they contribute to the formulation of a diagnosis and plan of care through observation and interaction with children, parents and teachers and rely upon expert knowledge to use the right screening tool and methods identify behaviors and social challenges associated with ADHD. Course Purpose To prepare nurses to have knowledge of pediatric ADHD, methods of diagnosing associated disorders and behavioral outcomes, and to participate in interprofessional collaborative treatment that involves the patient and their family. Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 2 Target Audience Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and Registered Nurses (Interdisciplinary Health Team Members, including Vocational Nurses and Medical Assistants may obtain a Certificate of Completion) Course Author & Planning Team Conflict of Interest Disclosures Jassin M. Jouria, MD, William S. Cook, PhD, Douglas Lawrence, MA, Susan DePasquale, MSN, FPMHNP-BC - all have no disclosures Acknowledgement of Commercial Support There is no commercial support for this course. Please take time to complete a self-assessment of knowledge, on page 4, sample questions before reading the article. Opportunity to complete a self-assessment of knowledge learned will be provided at the end of the course. Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 3 1) _________________ are the primary neurotransmitters that mediate frontal-lobe function. a. Amino acids b. Catecholamines c. Gaba peptides d. Acetlycholine derivites 2) The predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is usually characterized by high energy and constant movement. The classic manifestation(s) of this type of ADHD is/are _____________. a. Inattentiveness or lack of attention b. Disorganization c. Forgetfulness d. All of the above 3) Children with predominantly ___________ type of ADHD face barriers when trying to form social relationships with other children due to their tendency to be easily angered and provoked. a. Inattentive b. Impulsivity c. Autistic d. Hyperactivity 4) A comprehensive neurologic examination needs to be performed in children with ADHD to rule out the possibility of neurodegenerative disorders such as _______________. a. Alzheimer’s Disease b. Parksinson’s Disease c. Adrenal leukodystrophy d. Mad Cow disease 5) The formal diagnosis of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults usually occur in __________________. a. School b. Primary care settings c. Secondary care settings d. Home Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 4 Introduction According to the National Institute of Mental Health, attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder or ADHD is a relatively common brain disorder that is often diagnosed at childhood and continues to adolescence and adulthood.1 Children with ADHD sometimes exhibit uncontrollable behavioral symptoms that are frequent and severe which interferes with their ability to cope at school and live normal lives outside of it. Pediatric ADHD causes hyperactivity and impulsivity and/or inattention in affected children. Many children experience these behavioral issues at some time during their childhood. However, in children with ADHD, these behavioral problems persist over a long period of time. To be diagnosed with ADHD, these behaviors must continue for at least 6 months and be present in two environments such as home and school. Clinicians should be able to diagnose this disorder early on to evaluate the patient and provide for all the necessary pharmacotherapeutic and behavioral interventions that will minimize symptoms and restore social and academic functions. This course specifically discusses ADHD in children or pediatric ADHD. An effective management of ADHD requires a multidisciplinary team approach that includes the patient, the family, the school, and the clinician. This course discusses in detail the management and diagnostic approaches that every healthcare professional in contact with an ADHD patient should be familiar with and understand. Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 5 History The modern concept of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) is fairly new. However, its hallmark symptoms of over activity, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness in children have been observed and recorded by physicians as early as the 19th century. A notable example is Sir Alexander Crichton who, in 1798, wrote a book entitled “On Attention and its Diseases”. In this book, he defines ADHD as; “when any object of external sense, or of thought, occupies the mind in such a degree that a person does not receive a clear perception from any other one, he is said to attend to it”. Crichton further records his observations of the progression of the disorder, writing, ”when born with a person it becomes evident at a very early period of life, and has a very bad effect, inasmuch as it renders him incapable of attending with constancy to any one object of education. But it seldom is in so great a degree as totally to impede all instruction; and what is very fortunate, it is generally diminished with age”.2 The idea brought forth another idea i.e. that ADHD is a pediatric disorder which patients outgrow as they grow older. This idea of growing out of ADHD was prevalent up until the late 1990s. It was only fairly recently that scientific studies have shown otherwise; that in fact, approximately half of affected children diagnosed with ADHD continue to exhibit the symptoms well into their adulthood.3,4 Another physician, Heinrich Hoffman, published a series of illustrated children’s books depicting characters with symptoms of ADHD. One of the most notable ones was Johnny Look-in-the-air, who was depicted as a boy who exhibited telltale symptoms of inattention. In the book, Johnny was always “looking at the sky and the clouds that floated by”, a symptom that Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com Nursece4Less.com 6 the American Psychiatric Association attributes to frequent distraction by an extraneous stimuli.5 The scientific concept of ADHD started with the publication of Goulstonian Lectures by the British pediatrician, Sir Frederic Still. In these lectures, he describes symptoms of abnormal defect of moral control in children with mental retardation, which are commonly seen today in patients diagnosed with ADHD. Some of these symptoms are passionateness, spitefulness, jealousy, lawlessness, dishonesty, and destructiveness.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Symptoms Diagnosis & Treatment Incorporating Historical Perspectives
    ISSN: 2641-1911 DOI: 10.33552/ANN.2021.10.000727 Archives in Neurology & Neuroscience Review Article Copyright © All rights are reserved by Caroline Goldsmith* Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Symptoms Diagnosis & Treatment Incorporating Historical Perspectives Caroline Goldsmith* Consulting Clinical Psychologist, UK *Corresponding author: Caroline Goldsmith, Consulting Clinical Psychologist, Received Date: March 04, 2021 UK Published Date: March 17, 2021 Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – is a contemporary description of a historical condition around for hundreds of years, formally described in late 1700 [1]. The condition is marked by impulsive, inattentive and hyperactive traits with cognitive deficits [2], causing recoursesocial/academic/community to the literature. function impairment [3]. A variety of combinations of symptomatic presentations, denote designated classification [4]. Historical implications, symptoms, diagnosis, assessment, classification, neurobiological basis, and treatment interventions are discussed with Historical Implications Although it has to be pointed out that Crichton made no connection The modern description of attention deficit hyperactivity to impulsivity or hyperactivity which would come to be associated disorder (ADHD) was updated from early beginnings of symptom with the condition in later descriptions, as understanding of descriptions as far back as 1798, when Dr Alexander Crichton presenting symptoms evolved [4]. Hyperactivity came into focus (1798) a Scottish physician, described an inattentive syndrome. with a German psychiatrist and mental hospital reformer Dr. Whereby the person was unable to focus on objects with a Heinrich Hoffman (1851), forging ahead with new ideas on mental necessary degree of constancy [5]. A condition he observed which illness away from the criminal or possession by demon ideas [6]. A often improved with age as the person matured [1].
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord (2010) 2:241–255 DOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8 REVIEW ARTICLE The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Klaus W. Lange • Susanne Reichl • Katharina M. Lange • Lara Tucha • Oliver Tucha Received: 25 July 2010 / Accepted: 29 October 2010 / Published online: 30 November 2010 Ó The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The contemporary concept of attention deficit The contemporary concept of ADHD as defined in the hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as defined in the DSM-IV- DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000)is TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000) is relatively relatively new. However, an analysis of historical literature new. Excessive hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive suggests that children presenting with symptoms of inat- children have been described in the literature since the tention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity have previously nineteenth century. Some of the early depictions and eti- been described by several authors during the last 200 years. ological theories of hyperactivity were similar to current The clinical characterizations, underlying concepts, and descriptions of ADHD. Detailed studies of the behavior of nomenclature of the described dysfunctions have changed hyperactive children and increasing knowledge of brain over the time. Many of the historical descriptions are, function have changed the concepts of the fundamental however, consistent with the modern diagnostic criteria for behavioral and neuropathological deficits underlying the ADHD. The present article gives an overview of the con- disorder. This article presents an overview of the concep- ceptual history of modern-day ADHD. tual history of modern-day ADHD.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory Base Session Notes
    Theory base ADHD See Time Out for Parents – Children with Special Needs Facilitator Guide pages FG11 to FG18 for theory base. Additional theory base for the material in this course is set out within the appropriate session notes below. Session notes Session 1 Diagnostic information There is no single, simple, objective medical test for diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Positron emission tomography (PET) scans taken in a study by Zametkin (1990) found lower glucose metabolism in the brains of patients with ADHD than those without. These tests are not conclusive and are not yet being used in routine diagnosis. However, it would appear that there are abnormalities in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, brain stem and cerebellum of the person diagnosed with ADHD. Making a diagnosis requires a specialist assessment, usually done by a child psychiatrist or specialist paediatrician. The diagnosis is made by observing the child, recognising patterns of behaviour and obtaining reports of their behaviour at home and at school. Sometimes a computerised test may be done to aid the diagnosis. Some children also need specialised tests by a clinical or educational psychologist. ADHD was first described by physician Heinrich Hoffman in 1845, but it was not until 1902 that the medical community studied the characteristics of this condition. Different operational definitions have been used over the decades. Currently, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, in their latest versions, DSM-IV and ICD-10, have come to an almost identical operational definition of ADHD with a set of 18 core symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • What's New with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
    What’s New With Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In Adults? Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. Tucson, AZ Cross Country Education Brentwood, TN Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 1 All Rights Reserved ADHD is NOT new! Crichton wrote about what we call ADHD in 1798! Crichton, A. (2008). An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement: On attention and its diseases. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 200-204 (Original work published 1798). Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 2 All Rights Reserved ADHD is NOT new! • In 1770 Melchor Adam Weikart, of Germany described syndrome very similar to AD/HD. He recommended horseback riding and exercise as treatment. He corresponded with Alexander Crichton. Barkley, R.A. (2012). ADHD: Cutting Edge Understanding and Management. Seminar sponsored by J&K Seminars, L.L.C., 1861 Wickersham Lane, Lancaster, PA 17603-2327, p.1. Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 3 All Rights Reserved The Four Types of AD/HD in DSM-IV, TR • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominately Inattentive Type • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominately Hyperactive/Impulsive Type Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 4 All Rights Reserved DSM-IV, TR ADHD Subtypes (Continued) • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Kevin T. Blake, Ph.D., P.L.C. www.drkevintblake.com 5 All Rights Reserved Summary of Barkley’s Theory Of AD/HD, Combined Type Step 1: Response Delay Step 2: Prolongation Step 3: Rule Governed Behavior Step 4: Dismemberment of the Environment Barkley, R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Helping Children with Attentional Challenges in a Montessori
    HEL P ING CHILDREN W I T H Att EN T IONAL CHALLENGES IN A MON T ESSORI CLASSROO M : THE ROLE OF T HE PHYSICIAN by Maureen Murphy-Ryan Maureen Murphy-Ryan offers a clinical look at attention deficit hyper- activity disorder (ADHD). Her thorough definition of ADHD and the diagnoses that may occur simultaneously offer teachers an awareness of what this could look like in a classroom. However, it is only with profes- sional medical input that a true diagnosis can be made and appropriate interventions can be put in place. Behavioral interventions are outlined, as well as the extremely sensitive issue of medication. By partnering these support systems with the Montessori environment and creating a conver- sation that includes the needs of the child and family, there is a greater chance to successfully help children find their focus. PUR P OSE Approximately 12% of children in the United States have at- tentional difficulties meeting criteria for a diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to the CDC’s 2011 National Survey of Children’s Health. This number has risen 43% in just 8 years. ADHD is considered a chronic neuropsychiatric Maureen Murphy-Ryan is currently a second-year resident in Virginia Tech University’s Psychiatry Residency Program at Carilion Clinic in Roanoke, VA. She completed medical school at the Mayo Clinic in Roches- ter, MN in 2012. She received a full scholarship to attend Mayo Medical School after graduating Magna Cum Laude from Duke University with a bachelor’s degree in molecular biology and evolutionary anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2006; 36:315–318 Behind the Medical Headlines © 2006 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) F Forbes Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Child and Family Mental Health Service, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland ABSTRACT Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has attracted considerable Published online October 2006 media attention, in particular questioning its validity as a diagnostic concept and the use of stimulant medication in its treatment. This does especial disservice to Correspondence to F Forbes, Child the children and young people with ADHD and their parents:ADHD is a common, and Family Mental Health Service, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder affecting many areas of a child’s life, with a Royal Hospital for Sick Children, high rate of secondary problems and a high risk of associated disorders. It Edinburgh, EH9 1LL, Scotland GENERAL MEDICINE requires multi-modal assessment and management, usually including medication.. tel. +44 (0)131 536 0520 KEYWORDS ADHD, multi-modal assessment, multi-modal management, stimulants fax. +44 (0)131 536 0545 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), child e-mail and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS), diagnostic and statistical manual [email protected] (DSM), general practitioner (GP), hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), immediate-release (IR), international classification of diseases (ICD), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
    [Show full text]
  • ADHD Parent Readiness Education Program (PREP)
    8/25/2020 ADHD Parent Readiness Education Program (PREP) CADDAC 416-637-8584 www.caddac.ca © CADDAC 2015 1 ADHD Overview What ADHD is and is Not Symptoms of ADHD ADHD in Girls Degree of Impairment Assessing and Diagnosing Comorbidities © CADDAC 2015 2 WHAT ADHD IS AND IS NOT © CADDAC 2015 3 1 8/25/2020 ADHD ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is the most common childhood mental health disorder occurring in approximately 5% of children world-wide Resulting in more than half of all referrals It doesn’t discriminate - It impacts people from all walks of life and backgrounds It can sometimes be complex to diagnose since comorbid disorders and disorders that mimic symptoms are common © CADDAC 2015 4 Consequences of ADHD ADHD impacts behaviour regulation, school achievement, work, relationships, health and safety - most areas of an individual’s life. Socioeconomic costs are significant! Risk for long term consequences without treatment: Less years of academic and work attainment More accidents Increased risk of additional mental health disorders Increased chance of substance use and abuse, including smoking and alcohol use Increased chance of unwanted pregnancies Difficulties with social skills and relationships Risk of delinquency and involvement with justice systems © CADDAC 2015 5 ADHD is Not A new fad diagnosis Dr. Alexander Crichton a Scottish physician first wrote about "mental restlessness“ in 1798 Something that is outgrown ADHD is considered a chronic condition, at least 80% of adolescents meet diagnostic
    [Show full text]
  • The Field Guide to Adhd
    PSYCHIATRY - THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND TREATMENTS THE FIELD GUIDE TO ADHD WHAT THEY DON’T WANT YOU TO KNOW PSYCHIATRY - THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND TREATMENTS Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the eBooks tab. PSYCHIATRY - THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND TREATMENTS THE FIELD GUIDE TO ADHD WHAT THEY DON’T WANT YOU TO KNOW BLAKE HARDING EDITOR Copyright © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description. This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN. For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact: Copyright Clearance Center Phone: +1-(978) 750-8400 Fax: +1-(978) 750-4470 E-mail: [email protected]. NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context
    To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" TREATING AttENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context Edited by Steven W. Evans, Ph.D. and Betsy Hoza, Ph.D. 4478 U.S. Route 27 • P.O. Box 585 • Kingston, NJ 08528 00-TADHD-Prelims.indd 1 15/07/2011 11:54:49 AM To order go to http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/tadhd.html and click "Add To Cart" Copyright © 2011 By Civic Research Institute, Inc. Kingston, New Jersey 08528 The information in this book is not intended to replace the services of professionals trained in psychiatry or other mental health care, social service advocacy, or any other discipline discussed in this book. Civic Research Institute, Inc. provides this informa- tion without advocating the use of or endorsing the issues, theories, precedent, guid- ance, resources, or practical materials discussed herein. Any application of the issues, theories, precedent, guidance, resources, or practical materials set forth in this book is at the reader’s sole discretion and risk. The authors, editors, and Civic Research Institute, Inc. specifically disclaim any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in part or in whole by any proc- ess without written permission from the publisher. This book is printed on acid free paper. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context / Steven W.
    [Show full text]
  • ADHD: Helping Children Unconventional a Changing World
    ADHD: Helping Children Unconventional a Changing World John Baker urer, Departmend English Jinwen University of Science and Technology ADHD: Helping Children with Unconventional Behaviors Succeed in a World provides an untraditionaUy optimistic look at the subject of ADHD. begins with a historical exploration of the changing labels and treatment options society has applied to ADifD.-Iike behaviors. It then identifies a support team of parents, teachen;, and medical professionals that can coUabo:rativdy help young people who exhibit these behaviors participate in today's classrooms, as many of the other now successful ADHD identified adults it cites have done. To hdp the support team work together, it lists the present identification criteria nsed to separate boisterous behavior from ADHD cases and outlines three treatment options currently available: medication, treatment without medication, and a combination of the two. 5::l:,UJ-.1J~~Ibfif : iBIWJ~1ftfJJ.ws'g~m':tE~001~tkW;ff!:W-WJ1xJ3J • *~~7 --{f~Ff!l5Jm-.r:J.ttE!Y~ ~~*~ID±~JJ~~~~~o*x~~~~~~~~$~~~~E!Y~$EIY~~OO~·H~®~$g Bff!fflm-ADHD_t o ;\t~EI:!-®5(-ill, ~W~~~Ji~!IJ~~E!Y::R:F.f;J,m' --§-fF:iBIWJ7t.Jl5~~~d~~ ~®fi'A\WEIY£f:~ • ~DIEJ:;!;t-flftpJGJjjEfYADilD,'!,1!§- • ~~g~~Jftsfm o ~ Tli:¥rWJIJ~I.g-{'f'' X{lffu3'!JI±i Tm-4-~~~~ti.». =~~~!¥~;.~$ = ~!W>~~ • ~~tt?J~$t1.1Q:~--§-~$ 0 Children who exhibit unconventional ADHD like behaviors in today's classrooms are often thought to be disadvantaged, but it was not always this way. Traditionally in evolutionary history, these behaviors were quite successful attributes our prehistoric ancestors. More recently, however, in today's classrooms, these behaviors have received quite a lot of negative attention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medicalization of Hyperactivity and Inattentiveness : a Social History and Theoretical Perspectives on ADHD
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2010 The edicM alization of Hyperactivity and Inattentiveness : A Social History and Theoretical Perspectives on ADHD Justin Douglas Brock Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Medicine and Health Commons, Other Mental and Social Health Commons, and the Psychiatric and Mental Health Commons Recommended Citation Brock, Justin Douglas, "The eM dicalization of Hyperactivity and Inattentiveness : A Social History and Theoretical Perspectives on ADHD" (2010). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 512. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MEDICALIZATION OF HYPERACTIVITY AND INATTENTIVENESS: A SOCIAL HISTORY AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ADHD A Thesis submitted to The Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Sociology By Justin Douglas Brock Approved by Dr. Fredrick Roth, Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Dr. Richard Garnett, Ph.D. Dr. Kimberly DeTardo-Bora, Ph.D. Marshall University May 2010 ABSTRACT This study investigates the rise of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. It approaches the topic from a medicalization perspective and frames it under the therapeutic state as proposed by
    [Show full text]
  • The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    South African Journal of Psychiatry ISSN: (Online) 2078-6786, (Print) 1608-9685 Page 1 of 14 Original Research The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group management guidelines for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Authors: Disclaimer: These guidelines do not aim to provide a comprehensive review of all the pertinent 1,2 Renata Schoeman literature comprising the evidence base and, as such, should be utilised in conjunction with Rykie Liebenberg2 other guidelines as well as the responsibility of practitioners to maintain a high level of Affiliations: personal knowledge and expertise. Despite the known efficacy of treatment and the substantial 1Stellenbosch University costs of untreated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), access to healthcare and Business School, Stellenbosch treatment is not a given for many patients in South Africa (SA). In SA, there is poor identification University, South Africa and treatment of common mental disorders at primary healthcare level and limited access to 2Private Practice, South Africa specialist resources with a service delivery and treatment gap of up to 75%. Medication options are also often limited in emerging markets and in SA psychiatrists, and patients do not have Corresponding author: access to the medication armamentarium available in established markets. Furthermore, the Renata Schoeman, [email protected] majority of South Africans currently utilise the public healthcare sector and may not have access to treatment options referred to in these guidelines. These guidelines should therefore Dates: not be seen as a policy document. Received: 11 Sept. 2016 Accepted: 13 Jan. 2017 The process: The South African Society of Psychiatrists’ Special Interest Group (SIG) for adult Published: 25 Apr.
    [Show full text]