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GUAMAN RIVADENEIRA KARINA FERNANDA.Pdf i UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL “SEK” FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS Trabajo de fin de carrera titulado: “ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA FRANQUICIA DE MC DONALD`S EN EL VALLE DE LOS CHILLOS” Realizado por: KARINA FERNANDA GUAMÁN RIVADENEIRA Como requisito para la obtención del título de: INGENIERA FINANCIERA QUITO, SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2010 DECLARACIÓN JURAMENTADA Yo, Karina Fernanda Guamán Rivadeneira, declaro bajo juramento que el trabajo aquí descrito es de mi autoría; que no ha sido previamente presentado para ningún grado o calificación profesional; y, que he consultado las referencias bibliográficas que se incluyen en este documento. A través de la presente declaración cedo mis derechos de propiedad intelectual correspondientes a este trabajo a la UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL SEK, según lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su Reglamento y por la normatividad institucional vigente. __________________________ Karina Guamán ii DECLARATORIA El presente trabajo de investigación de fin de carrera, titulado ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA FRANQUICIA DE MC DONALD´S EN EL VALLE DE LOS CHILLOS Realizado por la alumna KARINA FERNANDA GUAMÁN RIVADENEIRA como requisito para la obtención del título de INGENIERA FINANCIERA ha sido dirigido por el profesor ECONOMISTA GARY FLOR GARCÍA quien considera que constituye un trabajo original de su autora. ________________________________ Econ. GARY FLOR GARCÍA Director iii LOS PROFESORES INFORMANTES Los profesores informantes Econ. JUAN RODRIGO SÁENZ FLORES, e Ing. BOLÍVAR HERNÁN JARRÍN RUIZ después de revisar el trabajo escrito presentado, lo han calificado como apto para su defensa oral ante el tribunal examinador. ____________________________ ________________________________ Econ. RODRIGO SÁENZ FLORES Ing. BOLÍVAR JARRÍN RUIZ Quito, 15 de septiembre del 2010 iv DEDICATORIA Y AGRADECIMIENTOS El presente proyecto de investigación es la culminación de cinco años de esfuerzo para lograr el cumplimiento de una meta, tiempo en el cual he vivido un sinnúmero de experiencias que han complementado la formación académica recibida en la universidad. De igual manera he compartido con muchas personas a quienes les debo mis agradecimientos y admiración, con quienes quiero compartir este momento y dedicarles este éxito: A Dios en primer lugar por regalarme la vida y permitirme gozar de salud para cumplir mis objetivos, culminar la carrera y llegar a ser una profesional. A mis padres, Yolanda y Fernando que me han brindado su apoyo incondicional, comprensión, confianza y ejemplo día tras día, les agradezco y dedico este trabajo con mucho amor porque sé que el término de esta etapa les llenará de gran orgullo. A mis hermanos, Nathalia y Bryan que desde cerca o lejos siempre han estado conmigo brindándome su cariño, ayuda y momentos inolvidables. A mi familia en general que de una u otra manera han estado al pendiente de mí demostrándome su preocupación y soporte desinteresado. A los amigos verdaderos que he conocido a lo largo de mi vida quienes han hecho que tanto la etapa universitaria como la del colegio y niñez sean inolvidables por las innumerables anécdotas y momentos que compartimos y que los recordaré por siempre. A todos quienes colaboraron en la elaboración del presente documento y me ayudaron con información, correcciones, sugerencias; en especial a Marcelo Chacón. Por último quiero agradecer a la UISEK por permitirme conocer a profesores que más que académicos han sido buenos amigos y a quienes me ayudaron en la elaboración de la presente tesis: Economista Gary Flor en calidad de director, Economista Rodrigo Sáenz e Ingeniero Bolívar Jarrín en calidad de lectores por todo su tiempo, dedicación, conocimientos y experiencia compartida. v RESUMEN EJECUTIVO En el presente proyecto de investigación se describe el estudio de factibilidad realizado para la implementación de un local de la franquicia estadounidense Mc Donald´s en el sector del Valle de los Chillos en su etapa de pre-inversión que puede ser presentado a los dueños de la franquicia maestra en Latinoamérica para su ejecución. Fueron planteadas dos hipótesis para su comprobación con el fin de demostrar que en el sector del Valle de los Chillos existe una demanda potencial insatisfecha favorable para la marca, las cuales fueron positivamente demostradas y explicadas a lo largo de la investigación. Se inició el estudio con una investigación exploratoria para conocer generalidades acerca de las franquicias, la marca Mc Donald´s y el mercado de franquicias en el Ecuador, con lo cual se determinó que este formato de negocios se ha difundido a nivel mundial debido a la globalización y que el país ha tenido un proceso de expansión de franquicias extranjeras y últimamente de marcas nacionales exitoso, ya que la cultura de la gente se ha adaptado a las ideas de negocio que vienen del exterior y las han hecho rentables, en especial el sector de la comida y de servicios. Las franquicias generan beneficios sociales; alrededor de 11.000 empleos, pago de impuestos, importación de tecnología, capacitación, obras sociales y más. Una vez analizados los factores anteriores se pudo direccionar de mejor manera el estudio de factibilidad, el cual se inició con la investigación de mercados cuyos resultados fueron favorables para el proyecto, ya que del total de encuestados el 92% consideró la opción de acudir al restaurante propuesto con una frecuencia de visita de 1,38 veces al mes y un gasto promedio individual de $4,82; variables que demostraron la aceptación y el agrado de la población objetivo hacia la marca. La infraestructura física del local estará ubicada en los alrededores del Centro Comercial San Luis Shopping, por ser considerada como la localización óptima que se ajusta a las necesidades del proyecto y a la preferencia de los encuestados. La planta de 2.091 m2 tendrá capacidad para 120 personas, será de dos pisos e incluirá los servicios de Mc café, automac, juegos y fiestas infantiles y 42 parqueaderos para comodidad del vi cliente. Además se ajustará a los estándares de la franquicia en cuanto a tecnología, procesos y calidad de los productos y servicio ofrecido, los mismos que se detallan en el capítulo V del documento para que el consumidor tenga la oportunidad de visitar un local en el Ecuador, con las mismas características que si visitaría un local en Estados Unidos. El restaurante contará con 51 empleados totalmente capacitados que trabajarán en tres diferentes turnos con funciones específicas; en cuanto al tema legal la sucursal Los Chillos pertenecerá a Arcgold del Ecuador, quien a su vez es propiedad de Arcos Dorados S.A; empresa que maneja la franquicia en América Latina con gran éxito. El país por su parte no tiene barreras de entrada para las franquicias, y dado que carece de legislación específica las condiciones se rigen al contrato firmado. Mediante el estudio financiero se pudo establecer que la inversión inicial necesaria para llevar a cabo el proyecto es de US$1.094.635,55, la misma que será recuperada en 3años y 8 meses; y demostrando cifras favorables en los indicadores financieros estudiados bajo un criterio conservador tomando en cuenta el riesgo de invertir en el país. Después de analizar todas estas variables en cada estudio detallado en los capítulos posteriores se concluye que el proyecto es factible y se recomienda llevarlo a cabo ya que los inversores generarán valor, tanto económico, como social. vii SUMMARY The following research plan describes the feasibility study made for implementing a restaurant from the U.S. Mc Donald´s franchise in Valle de los Chillos area for its pre- investment stage, so that it can be submitted to the master franchise owners in Latin America for its execution. Two hypotheses were set up for its verification to demonstrate that there is a favorable potential unsatisfied demand for the brand in the mentioned zone. Actually, both were positively demonstrated and explained along the investigation. The study started with an exploratory research to obtain general information about franchising, Mc Donald’s brand and the Ecuadorian franchises market; this helped to determine that the franchising business format has spread worldwide out due to globalization and also to highlight the expansive process of foreign and recently national franchises that successfully our country has had since people’s culture has adapted to business ideas that come from abroad, especially food and services industries becoming them profitable. Franchises generate social benefits: approximately 11.000 jobs, taxes payment, technology importation, training, social work and more. Once the factors above were analyzed, the feasibility study could be better directed, which began with the market research that produced favorable results for the project. Of the total survey’s respondents, a 92% consider the option of visiting the proposed restaurant. The visit frequency is in average 1,38 times per month with an individual average expense of $4,82. All these variables demonstrated the acceptance and liking that target population feels toward the brand. The restaurant’s physical infrastructure will be located around San Luis Shopping Mall because it has been considered as the optimal location that meets the needs of the project and the respondent’s preferences. This 2.091square meters building will have capacity for 120 people in its two floors; and includes Mc Café service, automac, playground, children parties’ area and 42 parking lots for customer’s comfort. In addition the restaurant will 100% comply the franchise standards as for technology, processes and quality of products and services as it is explained in the chapter V. In this viii way the customer will have the opportunity to visit an Ecuadorian Mc Donald’s with the same conditions and experience as visiting a U.S. Mc Donald’s. The restaurant will have 51 fully trained employees working in three different shifts, each with specific tasks. According the legal facts, Mc Donald’s Los Chillos will belong to Arcgold del Ecuador S.A., which in turn is owned by Arcos Dorados S.A., the company that manages Mc Donald’s franchise with great success in Latin America.
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