MSI ANATOMY LAB 6: LEARNING OBJECTIVES Popliteal Fossa, Posterior Leg, and Knee

Review Learning Objectives

1. Identify the dermatomes of the lower limb, and identify the specific site for testing each dermatome. (Anatomy Lab 4: Anterior & Medial Thigh) 2. Identify on a cadaver, the major nerves that have a sensory distribution to the lower limb, and identify the area of skin where each is tested clinically. (Anatomy Lab 4: Anterior & Medial Thigh).

Primary Learning Objectives

1. Identify the tibia and its following osteological features on a human tibia bone and/or medical imaging: medial tibial plateau, lateral tibial plateau, medial condyle, lateral condyle, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus. 2. Identify the fibula and its osteological features on a human fibula bone and/or medical imaging: head, neck, lateral malleolus. 3. Identify the muscles that form the boundaries of the popliteal fossa, state their innervation, and state one action of each muscle. 4. Identify the following contents of the popliteal fossa: popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve. 5. Identify the following superficial veins and nerves, and state into which larger vein they drain or the larger nerve from which they branch: great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, sural nerve, and saphenous nerve. 6. Identify the branch point of the popliteal artery into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. 7. Identify and describe the path following arteries that supply the posterior compartment of the leg: popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, and fibular artery. 8. Differentiate deep veins of the lower extremity from superficial veins, explain the role of valves in the drainage of venous blood from the lower limb, and correlate valve dysfunction to the development of varicose veins. 9. Explain the musculovenous pump of the lower extremity. 10. Name the nerve at risk in a saphenous cutdown, and describe the symptoms that may result from this iatrogenic injury. 11. Define a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), indicate where they typically occur, and state under what circumstances they develop. 12. Identify the muscles located within the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg, state their innervation, and state one action of each muscle. 13. Identify the tendons and neurovascular structures that course through the tarsal tunnel. 14. Explain tarsal tunnel syndrome. 15. Identify the location used to palpate the posterior tibial artery pulse. 16. Identify the following normal features of the adult knee on the knee of a cadaver, anatomical model, and/or a sagittal and coronal MR images: medial & lateral femoral condyles, tibial plateau, patella, quadriceps tendon, patella tendon, medial & lateral menisci, anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments, medial & lateral collateral ligaments. 17. Explain the role of the popliteus muscle in knee function. 18. Define the terms varus and valgus and use these terms correctly when describing stresses placed on ligaments during physical exam. 19. Define Q-angle, describe the typical Q-angle differences in males compared to females, and correlate alterations in Q-angle to genu varum, genu valgum, and patellofemoral syndrome. 20. Explain patellofemoral syndrome (chondromalacia patellae) and describe the role that selective strengthening of the vastus medialis muscle plays in maintaining/restoring proper tracking of the patella in the patellar groove of the distal femur. 21. Differentiate the anatomy and function of the knee's fibrous capsule from its synovium. 22. Identify the following bursae of the knee and state if the bursa is continuous with the knee's synovial cavity: prepatellar bursa, suprapatellar bursa, and deep infrapatellar bura. 23. Distinguish the following pathologies of the knee in terms of structures involved, typical presentation, and symptoms: housemaid’s knee, Baker’s cyst, popliteal aneurysm. 24. Explain Osgood-Schlatter disease and identify radiographic features associated with the disorder. 25. Describe the functions of the following ligaments: medial and lateral collateral ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and the arcuate and oblique popliteal ligaments. 26. Explain what is meant by the unhappy (terrible) triad and describe the mechanism of injury that results in its occurrence. 27. Describe how to perform a Lachman and drawer test, explain why Lachman is the preferred exam to test for an ACL tear, and state what a positive exam indicates.