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Seedclir: Democratic Republic of the Congo September 2019

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Seedclir: Democratic Republic of the Congo September 2019 FEED THE FUTURE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR FOOD SECURITY PROJECT SEEDCLIR: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SEPTEMBER 2019 Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security | SeedCLIR: Democratic Republic of the Congo CONTENTS Acronym List .................................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 About This Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 The Enabling Environment for Seed ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3 The SeedCLIR Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. The Enabling Environment for Seed in Eastern DRC ........................................................ 6 2.1 Seed Policymaking ........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Cross-Border Seed Trade in Eastern DRC .............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Overview of Seed System Dynamics in Eastern DRC ............................................................................ 9 2.4 Haut-Katanga Province ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.5 Lualaba Province ............................................................................................................................................ 16 2.6 Tanganyika Province ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2.7 South Kivu Province ..................................................................................................................................... 20 2.8 North Kivu Province .................................................................................................................................... 23 2.9 Ituri Province .................................................................................................................................................. 25 3. Key Constraints and Recommendations ........................................................................... 28 3.1 National and Provincial Seed Policy .......................................................................................................... 29 3.2 National Seed Authority .............................................................................................................................. 30 3.3 Seed Quality.................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Donor Coordination and Knowledge-Sharing ....................................................................................... 37 3.5 Domestic and Cross-Border Seed Trade ................................................................................................ 39 Annex I: Roadmap for Seed Sector Development ................................................................... 42 Annex II. Legal Framework for Seed ........................................................................................ 45 Annex III: Seed Implementing Institutions ............................................................................... 56 Annex IV. List of Stakeholders Consulted ................................................................................ 65 Annex V. Brief History of Donor Engagement in the DRC Seed Sector ............................... 71 Annex VI. Reference Data on Seed System Size and Performance....................................... 74 This publication was made possible through the support provided by Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security project through the U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of BPA No. AID- OAA-E-15-00001 and Call Order No. 72066019P00023. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security | SeedCLIR: Democratic Republic of the Congo ACRONYM LIST ACTESA Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa AGRA Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa AGRIPEL Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Livestock ARIPO African Regional Intellectual Property Organization ASPKA Association of Seed Producers of Katanga (Association des Producteurs de Semences du Katanga) BCNV Bureau Catalogue National des Variétés BTC Belgian Technical Cooperation CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIP International Potato Center COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMESA STHR Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Seed Trade Harmonization Regulations CONASEM National Seed Council (Conseil National Semencier) COPROSEM Provincial Seed Council (Conseil Provincial Semencier) CRM Maize Research Center (Centre de Recherche du Maïs) CTAC Technical Commission for Admission to the Catalog DPPV Direction de Production et de Protection des Végétaux DPV Direction de la Protection des Végétaux DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DUS Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GDRC Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo GIBADER Groupe Inter Bailleur de l’Agriculture et Développement Rural HSR Harmonized Seed Regulations ICRC International Committee for the Red Cross IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute ILA Innovation du Lac Albert INERA National Institute for Agricultural Research and Studies IPAPEL Inspection Provinciale de l'Agriculture, Pêche et Élevage IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IRRI International Rice Research Institute Prepared by Fintrac Inc. i Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security | SeedCLIR: Democratic Republic of the Congo ISTA International Seed Testing Association NGO nongovernmental organization NPPO national plant protection organization OAPI Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCC Office Congolais de Contrôle OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OPV open-pollinated variety PATPS National Seed Service (SENASEM) Manual of Procedures (Procedures Administratives et Techniques des Prestations des Services du SENASEM) PVP Plant Variety Protection QDS Quality Declared Seed SADC Southern African Development Community SADC HSR Southern African Development Community Harmonized Seed Regulations SeedCLIR Seed Commercial, Legal, and Institutional Reform SENASEM National Seed Service (Service National des Semences) SQAV Service de la Quarantaine Animale et Végétale SSSA Seed System Security Assessment STEP World Bank Democratic Republic of the Congo Eastern Region Stabilization and Peace-Building Project UNAGRICO Union Nationale des Agriculteurs Congolais UPOV International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants USAID United States Agency for International Development USAID/DRC United States Agency for International Development Mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo VCU Value for Cultivation and Use Prepared by Fintrac Inc. ii Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security | SeedCLIR: Democratic Republic of the Congo EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To develop a dynamic seed system that facilitates farmer access to affordable, high-quality seed, nations must establish an enabling environment for private sector investment supported by strong public research and regulatory institutions. In the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), political upheaval and chronic insecurity have hampered government and donor efforts to transform the seed sector, and a clear, long-term strategy for seed sector development has yet to emerge at the national level. Without a comprehensive legal framework and sustained budgetary support for the development of key seed institutions, access to seed in eastern DRC is guided by short-term development projects, whose overlapping priorities and cyclical support generate a reactionary response from seed sector actors and undermine the establishment of strong institutions and a stable seed market. This Seed Commercial, Legal, and Institutional Reform (SeedCLIR) study evaluates the enabling environment for the seed sector in six target provinces of eastern DRC to identify the key players, seed system dynamics, and factors that inhibit smallholder farmer access to quality seed. From July 7-26, 2019, the Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security (EEFS) consultant team conducted interviews with more than 70 public and private seed sector stakeholders in Kinshasa and across the six target provinces in eastern DRC, including seed producers, agro-dealers,
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