1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA'rE. 4671
4849. By Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin: Petition of citizens of King Oddie Sheppard Wadsworth 'Vllitewater, in the State of Wi ·co~sin, against the passage of La Follette Overman Simmons Walsh, Mass. Lenroot Ow:en Spencer Walsh, Mont. House bill 9753; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Lodge Page Stanfield Warren : 4850. Also, petition of citizens of Janes\Tille, Wis., praying for McCormick Pepper Sterling "'atson, Ga. an amendment to tlie postal employees' pension law; to the Com McNary Phipps Sutherland Williams Moses Pittman Swanson Willis mittee on the Judiciary. Myers Poindexter 'Townsend 4851. By Mr. CULLEN : Petition of the Flatbush Chamber of Kelson l'ornerene Trammell Commerce, Brooklyn, requesting that construction and repair New Rawson Underwood work be continued there; to the Committee on NaYal Affairs. l\lr. SUTHERLAND. I ·wish to annmince that the Senator 4852. By l\1r. GALLIVAN: Petition of Chandler Motors of from North Dakota [l\1r. McCuMBER], the Senator from Utah New England, Boston, Mass., urging passage of Hou ·e bill 9722; [~lr . SA£OOT], the Senator from Connecticut' [Mr. McLEAN], the to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads: S~nator from Vermont [Mr. DILLINGHAM], the Senator from 4853. Also, petition of F. S. Lawrence, Boston, Mass., recom-' Kansas [1\fr. CUR'I'IS], the Senator from Indiana [1\fr. WATSON]: mending the pas~ age of H. R. 289-!; to the Committee on· Inter _the Senator from New York [Mr. CALDER], and the Senator from state and Foreign Commerce. New Jersey [l\lr. FRELINGHUYSEN] are detained at· a meeting 48ii4. By Mr. GORl\lA..~: Petition of citizens of Ulllcago and oi the Committee on Finance. · subul'IJ .. of the State of Illinois, protesting against the passage l\lr. DIAL. I desire to announce that _my colleague [l\fr. of H. R. 9753; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. SMITH] is detained on business of the Senate. I ask that this :4 G5. By l\lr. HAWES : Petition of the Hellenic Community announcement may stand for the day. St. Nicllola ·, Hellenic Brotherhood of Keathera, Hellenic· Pro .. l\1r. JO:NES of Washington. I was requested to announce gre8~i,·e Societ~ · . Hellenic Ladies' Society ·Helping, Hellenic that the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS], the Senator from Brotherhood of Zante, Hellenic Society of Eapiros, of St. Louis, ' Illinois [1\fr. l\IcKINLEY], the Senator from Oklahoma [l\fr. HAR Mo .. urging amendments to the immigration law; to the Com RELD], the Senator from North Dakota [l\Ir. LADD], the Senator mittee on Naturalization and Immigration. from Colorado [l\lr. NICHOLSON], the Senator from South Da 48i>G. By ML'. KISSEL: Petition of the Eastern Federa.tion of kota [l\lr. KORBE K], the Senator from Alabama (l\lr. HEFLIN], Feed Merchant . Bullville, N. Y., relative to abuses of PO\'Ver l.Jy the Senator from Louisiana [l\Ir. RANSDELL], the Senator from all county agent : to the Committee on Agriculture. T~nnessee [Mr. l\fcKmAR], and the Senator from Wyoming 4857. AI o, petition of the Commercial Casualtv Insurance [l\lr. KEl\-.DRICK] are ab ent on business of the Senate. · Co .. Newark, N. J., relative to certain legislation; ~to the · Com The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sixty-one Senators have an mitte on Military Affairs. swered to their names. Tlwre is a quorum pre.·ent. The Secre 4838. By Mr. RAKER: Petition of J. B. Tanner, of Tanner, tary will proceed \Yith the reading of the treaty. Gihwm & Ellis. certified pub1ic accountants, of Chicago, Ill., in The reading of the treaty was resumed, and during Ute dol'. iug Senate bill ~531, for the protection of the degree of cer reading, tified public acc-ountant in the District of Columbia ; to the l\lr. LODGE. Unles:::; there is objection, I ask that there Coumtittee on the District of Columbia. · may be dispensed with - the reading of section 2, comprising 48.,9. Also, petition of William Williston, president Veterans' tables . howing the figures as to the age and the tonnage of the Afftliated Council, and others, of Sacramento, Calif., urging the ship: from n~ar to year, as provided for in the treaty. They enm·tlllent of the adjusted compensation bill at this session of are ver•y complicated tables, but, -of course, · if any Senator de Uongee;-;, : to the Committee on Ways .and l\leans. sire to have them read they will be read. 48GO. By Mr. RAMSEYER : Petition of the Parmers' Local l\lr. KI:XG. l\lr. President, they are really quite illuminating Union of Agency, Iowa, urging investigation of the Federal Re-. and instructive. I do not want to insist upon the reading if tile ser,·e Board; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Senator will explain them. .48G1. By Mr.• 'TRONG of Pennsyl mnia : Petition of citizens of l\lr. LODGE. Let them be read, then . . Iudinll County. Pa., urging passage of H. R. ·8086; to the Com- l\1r. l\IcCORMICK. I suggest that no Senator can under wlttet> on Agric-ulture. · stand them from the reading, but any .Senator may understand 486~. By Mr. TOWNER: Petition of Luke Stacy and 39 other them from following the printed page. citizeu. of New Yirginia, Iowa, protesting against the passage l\Ir. LODGE. NeYer mind; let the tables be read. of H . R. 9753; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 'l'he readibg of the treaty was resumed and concluded, and it 48G3. Also. petition of l\laxwell Green and 261 other citizens is as follows: of Brooklyu. N. Y., and the city of New Yot·k, asb.ing for the EXECGTIVE L-Lll\IJTATION OF' NAVAL ARMAMENT. pn~ age of the To"·ner-Sterling educational bill; to the Com· 'l'REATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES, TilE BRITISH EMPIRE, FRAl\CE, ruittee on Education. ITALY, AND J.ArAX, AGREEING TO A LIMITATION Ol!~ NAVAL Anl\!A· 1\IENT. The United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan; SENATE. Desiring to contt·ibute to the maintenance of the general peace and to reduce the burdens of competition in a~:mament; TUESDAY, Jlarch 28, 192'2. Ha ,.e resolved, with a Yiew to accomplishing these purposes, (Legislatire day ot Thursday, March 16, 192~.) to conclude a treaty to limit their respective naYal armament, and to that end ha ,~ e appointed a~ their plenipotentiaries: The Senate met in open executive session at 12 o'clock merid The Pre ident of the United States of America : Charles ian on the expiration of the recess. Evans Hughes, Henry Cabot Lodge, Oscar W. Underwood, NAYAL ARMAMENT TREATY. Elihu Hoot, citizens of the United States; · Mr. LODGE. I ask that the pending treaty l.Je proceeded Hi· l\Iaje ty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Brit with. ain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, ·Tlte Senate. as in Committee of the Whole and in open execu Emperor of India: The Right Bon. Arthur James Balfour, tive ~ sion, proceeded to consider the treaty between the United 0. l\1., M. P., Lord President of His Privy Council; the Right State;.;, th e British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, agreeing Hon. Baron Lee of Fareham, G. B. E., K. C. B., First Lord of to a Iiwitation of naval armament. His Admiralty; the Right Bon. Sir Auckland Campbell Geddes; Tl:~.: PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read the K. C. B., His Ambassador Extraordinary -and Plenipotentiary tren ty. to the United States of America; . TILe reading clerk proceeded to read the treaty. And for the Dominion of C;mada: The Right Ron. Sir Robert .Mt·. LODGE. Mr. President, this is a Yery important treaty. Laird Borden, G. C. 1\L G., K. C.; I tliink we ought to haYe a quorum of the Senate present while For the Commonwealth of Australia: Senator the Right Bon. the treaty i-· l.Jeing read. I make the point of no quorum. George Foster Pearce, Minister for Home and Territories; TIL PRESIDE!\T pro tempore. The Secretary will call the For the Dominion of New Zealand: The Bon. Sir John Wil roll. liam Salmond, K. C., Judge of the Supreme Court of New The reading clerk called the roll, and the following Senators Zealand; anRwered to tLeir name For the Union of South Africa: The Right Hon. Arthur .Ashur t Caraway Ernst Hale James Balfour, 0. M., l\1. P.; Ball Colt Fernald Harris _For India: The Right Hon. Yalingman Sankaranarayana Bora bo Culberson France Harrison Buesum Cummins Geny .Johnson SriniYasa Sastri, Member of the Indian Council of State; Cam(~L'Ou Dial Glass Jones, Wash. The President of the French Republic: 1\lr. Albert Sarraut, Cap[l;'r Edge Gooding Kellogg Deputy, 1\Iinister of the Colonies; 1\Ir. Jules J. Jusserand, Am- LXH--293 4672 c·ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA'J'E. ~fAnOH 28, bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United An:TICL;J IX. States of America, Grand Cross· of the National Order of the No aircraft carrier exceeding 27,000 tons (27,432 metric Legion of Honor ; tons) standard displacement shall be acquired by, or consh·ncted His Majesty the King of Italy : The Bon. Carlq Sch~nzer, by, for, or within the jurisdiction of, any of the conb:acting Senator of the Kingdom; the Hon. Vittorio Rolandi Ricci, Sena powers. tor of the Kingdom, His Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni However, any of the contracting powers may, provided that potentary at Washington; the Bon. Luigi Albertini, Senator of its total tonnage allowance ,of aircraft carriers is· not thereby the Kingdom ; exceeded, build not more than two aircraft earriers. ·each of His 1\Iajesty the Emperor of Japan:· Baron Tomosaburo Kato, a .tonnage of not more than 33,000 tons (33,528 metric tons) Minister for the 1'{avy Junii, a m-ember of the First Class of th~ standard· displacement, and in order to effect eC'Onomy any of Imperial Order of the Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun with the the contracting powers may use for this purpose any two ·of Paulownia Flower; Baron Kijuro Shidehara, His Ambassador their ships, whether . constructed or in course of construction, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington, Joshii., a which would ·otherwise be scrapped under the provisions of member of the First Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Al·tiele II.. The armament of any aircraft carriers exceeding Sun; Mr. Masanao Hanihara, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement shall Jushii, a member of the Second Class of the Imperial Order be in accordance with the requirements of Article X, except of the Rising Sun; that tp.e total number of guns to be carried in case any of such Who, having communicated to each other their respective full guns pe .o~ a calirrer exceeding o inche (152 millimeters), e.x powers, found to be in good and due foTm, ha':'e agreed as ~e~t . ~tiaucraft guns and guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 follows~ ·n:linimeters), shall not exceed eight. CHAPTER I. General pro-vis-wns rt:Zatitto to t1~e Zimitatio1l of nat->al armarnent. ; · . ABTICLlll X. ARTICL1l r. No aircraft carrier of any of the contracting powers ·hall carry a gun with a caliber in excess of 8 inches· (203 milli The contracting powers agree to limit their respective naval meters). Without prejudice to the provisions- of Article IX, armament as provided in the present treaty. if the armament carried includes guns exceeding 6 inches (152 ARTICL» II. millimeters) in caliber the total number of guns carried, except The contracting powers may retain, respectively, the capital antiaircraft guns and guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 milli ships which are specified in Chap-ter II, part 1. On the coming meters), shall not e:xceed 10. If alternatively the armament jnto force of the present treaty. but subject to the following pro- · contains no guns exceeding 6 inches (152 millimeters) in visions of this aTticle, all other capital ships, built or building, caliber, the number of guns is not limited. In either case the . of the United States, the- British Empire, and Japan. shall be dis- number of antiaircraft guns and of guns not exceeding 5 po ed of as prescribed in Chapter II, part 2. inches (127 millimeters) is not limited. ·In addition to the capital ships specified in Chapter II, part 1, ARTICLIIT XI. the- United States may complete and retain two ships of th.e West Virginia class now under construction. On the comple- . No ves el of war exceeding 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) tion of these two ships the Na·rtJJ.. Dakota and Delaware shall · standard displacement, other than a capital ship or aircraft car be disposed of as prescribed in Chapter II, part 2. . rier, shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the The British Empire may, iD. aeeordance with the replacement jurisdiction of, auy of the contracti:Iig powers. Vessels not spe t~ble in Chapte-r II, part 3, construct two new capital ships n-ot cifically built as fighting ship"' nor taken in. time of 11eace under exceeding 3u,O.OO tons (35,560 metric tons) standard displace- . government control for fighting purpo es, which are empfoyed on ment each. On the completion of the said two ships the Thun- · fleet duties OT as troop transports or in some other way for the ie:rer, King George V, Ajax, and Omtt1trion shall be dispo ed of purpose of assisting in the prosecution of hostilities otherwise as· prescribed in Chapter n, part 2. than as fighting ships, sba.U not be within the limitations of this article. · A&TICLJJ III. . ARTICLE XII. Subject to the provisions of Article II, the contracting powers No vessel of war of · any of. the contracting powers hereafter shall abandon their respective capital ship building programs, laid down, other than a capital ship, shall carry a gun with a e.nd no new capital ships shall be constructed or acquired by any caliber in excess of 8 inches (203 millimeters). · of the contracting powers except replacement tonnage which may be constructed or acquired as specified in Chapter II, ARTTCLE XIIL part 3. . Except as provided in Article Ix, no ship designated in the Ships which are r~placed in accordance with Chapter II, part present treaty to be scrapped may be reconverted into a. ve sel 3, hall be disposed of as pre cribed in part 2 of that chapter. of war. · · ARTICLE IV. ARTI'CLE XIV. The total capital ship replacement tonnage of each oi the con- ~o preparations shall be made in merchant ships in time of tracting pow~rs shall not' exceed in standard displacement, for peace for the installation of warlike armaments for the purpose •.he United States, 525,000 tons ( 533,400 metric ton ) ; for the of converting such. ships intG vessels of war, other than the .British Empire, 525,000 tons (533,400 metric tons}; for France, necessary stiffening of decks for the mounting of guns not ex- 175000 tons (177,800 metric tons); for Italy, 175,000 tons ceeding 6-inch (152 mfllfmeters) caliber. (177,800 metric tons) ; for Japan, 315,000 tons (320,040 metric ARTicLE xv. tons). · No vessel of war constructed within the jurisdiction of any AILTICLm V. . of the contracting powers for a noncontracting power shall ex- -No capital ship. exceeding 35YOOO tons (35,560 metric tons) ceed the limitations as to displacement and armament prescribed standard displacement shall be acquired by, or con tructed by, by the present treaty for vessels of a similar type which may for, or withi;n the jurisdictio.n of, a.uy of the contracting powers. be con. truc.ted by or for any of the contracting powers: Pro- ARTICLE VI. ' vided, hm.vever, That the displacement for aircraft carriers con- No capital ship of any of the c<:tntracting powers shall carry structed for a noncontracting power shall in no case exceed a gun with a caliber in excess of 16 inches (406 millimeters). 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement. ARTICLBI VII. ARTICLE XVI. The total tonnage for aircraft carriers of each of the con- If the construction of any ves el of war for a noncontracting tracting powers shall not exceed in standaid displacement, for power is undertaken with~n the jurisdiction of any of the con the United States 135,000 tons ( 137,160 metric tons) ; for- the tractingr powers, such power shall promptly inform the. other British Empire 135,000 tons (137,160 metric tons) ; for France contracting powers of the date of the signing of the contract 60 000 tons (60,960 metric tons); for Italy 60,()()() tens (60,.960 and the dh.te on which the keel of the ship is laid; and shall metric1 tons) ; for Japan 8~000 tons (82,296 metric tons)'. also ·cumm1micate to them ·the particulars relating to the hip ARTicLE vrn. prescribed in Chapter II, part 3, section 1 (b), ( 4) and (0).
The replacement of aircraft carriers shall rre effected only ARTICLE xvn. ns prescribed in Chapter II, part 3, provided, however, that In the event of a contracting power being engaged ip war,. al'l: aircraft ca.rriet' tonnage in existence or building on N ovem- such power shall not use as a vessel of war any vessel of war ber 12, ·1921, shall f>e considered experimental, . and may . be which may be unQ.er construction within its. jurisdiction for any replaced~ within the total tonnage limit p.rescribed in Article other ];)€1wer, or which may ha,ve been constru ted within its .vn, without regard to its age. jurisdiction for another power and not delivered. .· 1922 . . CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD- SEN Ar_rE. 4673·
ARTICLE XVIII. Name · Tonnage. Each of the contracting powers undertakes not to dispose by Tiger------~------~ --- 28, 500 gift, sale, or any mode of transfer of any vessel of war in such Thunderer------22, 500 a manner that such vessel may become a vessel of war in the ~~~-~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::~:::~~~:::::~~======~~:&&& navy of any foreign power. Centurlon------23,000 ARTICLE XIX. Totaltonnage------,------580,450 The United States, the British Empire, and Japan agree that On the completion of the two new hips to be constructed and the status quo at the time of the signing of the present treaty, tile- !.;crapping of the Thunde'rer, King George V, Ajax, and Cen with regard to fortifications and naval bases, shall be main tu1·ion, as provided in .Article II, the total tonnage to be retained tained in their respectiye territories and possessions specified by the British Empire will be 558,950 tons. hereunder: Ships which may be retained by F'rance. · (1) The insular possessions which the United States now Tonnage holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific Ocean, except (a) Name: (metric tons) . those adjacent to the coast of the United States, Alaska, and Bretagne------23,500 the Panama Canal Zone, not including the Aleutian Islands, and ~~~~c~----~-_-_-_-_-_~~~~------~~------~~~--~~~------~--~~~-::::::: ~~:ggg . (b) the Hawaiian Jslands. . Parm------·------23,500 (2) Hongkong and the insular possessions which the Bri,ish France------23, 500 Empire now holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific Ocean, east of the meridian of 110° east longitude, except (a) ~~~~~t~~~--~--~~----~~~~~~~~----~~~~~~~--~~----~~~----~:::::: ~:ggg those adjacent to the coast of Canada, (b) the Commonwealth 6?3~~~~e!~:::::::::::::~::::::::::::~~~=:~~~=~:::::: f~;~~g of Australia and its territories, and (c) New Zealand. Vol~~e------~-- 1~890 (3) The following insular territories and possessions of Total tonnage ______221,170 Japan in the Pacific Ocean, to wit, the Ku'rile Islands, the France may lay down new tonnage in the years 192.7, 1929, Bonin Islands. Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Islands, ·Formosa. and 1931, as provided in part 3, section 2. and the Pescadores, and any insular territories or possessions Ships which may be retamed by Italy. in the Pacific Ocean which Japan may hereafter acquire. Tonnage The maintenance of the status quo under the foregoing pro Name : (metric tons) . visions implies that nO' new fortifications or naval bases shall CaioAndreaDoria------DuUio______2~70022, 700 be established in the territories and possessions specified; that no measures shall be taken.to increase the existing naval facil 8fgJ~~e;;;~~~:::::::::::::~==~=~=~=~:::::::-=.:::::: ~~:ggg ities for the repair and maintenance of naval forces, and that ~nardoDa Vinci---- ~ ------22,500 no increase hall be made in the coast defenses of the territories Dante AlighierL------19, 500 Roma------~------12,600 and possessions above specified. This restriction, however, does Napoli------·------12,600 not preclude such repair and replacement of worn-out weapons Vittorio Emanuele------·------12, 600 and equipment as is customary in naval and military estab ReginaElena------12,600 lishments in time of peace. Totaltonnag~------182,800 A.RTICL.PJ XX. Italy may lay down new tonnage in the years 1927, 1929, and The rules for determining tonnage displacement prescribed 1931, as provided in part 3, section 2. in Chapter II, part 4, shall apply to the ships of each of the con . Ships whicl~ may be retained by JapatJ. tracting powers. Narne : Tonnage. CHABTIDR II. ~utsu------33,800 Rules t·elating to the e~~:e.wf'ion of the tre.aty-Detf,nition of terms. NagatO------33, 800 PART 1. fs~~~~--~--~~------~--~~~~-:_---_~---_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~--~------~======~t: ~~g CAPlTAI. SH£PS WHICH MAY BE RET.UNED BY THE CONTRACTING POWERS. YamashirO------3~600 In accordance with Article II ships may be retained by each ~iri~hiD1a::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::llaruna ______27,500~~:ggg of the conh·acting powers as specified in this part. Hiyei------·------27,500 Ships 1r.hioh tnoy be retained by the United States. Kongo------~--- 27. uOO Name : Tonnage. Total tonnage--~--~------301, 320 ~~~il~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~:~~~:~~~~~~======~~:~88 PART 2. Tennessee------32, 300 RULJJS FOR SCRAPPING Vm8SEL OF WAR. IdahO------32,000 The following rules hall be observed for the scrapping f New~exicO------32,000 vesseL of war which are to be disposed of in accordance with Articles II and III : ~~;~~8~~~~~------~------======~i : ~gg I. A vessel to be- scrapped must be placed in such condition ~~r:~~~;~~~======-=-======Nevada------27,~i:~gg 500 that it can not be_vut to combatant use. NewYork------27.000 II. This result must be finally effected in any one of the Texas------27,000 following ways : VlyomingArkansas------______26,00026, 000 (a) Permanent sinking of the vessel. Florida------21, 825 (b) Breaking the ·ve sel up. This shall always involve the ~~~~h"nak'oTa-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-~_-_-_-~----~---~:::::: ~5: g5g destruction or removal of all machinery, boilers, and armor, Delaware------20, 000 and all deck, side, and bottom plating. (c) Converting the vessel to target use exclusively. In such Total tonnage------500,650 case all the provisions of paragraph 3 of this part, except On the completion of the two hips of the West Virginia class subparagraph ( 6) , in so far as may be necessary to enable the and the scrapping of the 'A'orth Dakota and Delmcm·e, ns pro ship to be used as a mobile target, and except subparagraph vided in Article II, the total tonnage to be retained by the ·( 7), mu t be previously complied with. Not more than one United State will be 525,850 ton~. capital ship may be retained for this purpose ut one time by Ships which may be t·etained by the British Empi re. any of the contracting powers. Name : Tonnage. (d) Of the capital ships which would otherwise be crappeu RoyalSovereign ______25,750 under the present treaty in or after t-he year 1931, France and Royaevenge_!Oak_--______------__----______------2n.2~ . 750 Italy may each retain two seagoing vessels for training pur R e~ olution ______2u.750 po es exclusively-that is, as gunnery or torpedo schools. The Ramillies------25, iuO two vessels retained by France shall be of the J ean Ba1·t class, ~ I a laya ______27, 500 Dante AUghieri Valiant______27. 500 and of those retained by Italy one shall be the 1 the other of the Gill,UO Cesare cla . On retaining these ships QuBarham--een Elizab------t th______------______------~------______27.2~ 500 for the purpose above stated, France and Italy,· respectively, undertake to remove and destroy their conning towers, and not ~En.perol·;~r;g~t~ ~~~~~~~of Inuia ~______~~~ ~ ~ ~ =~~ ~~~~~~~~~=~~~~~~~~~= · ======. ~~:ggg25, 000 to use the aid ships as vessels of war. lronDukC------2~000 III. (a) Subject to the special exceptions contained in Arti ~a rlbo rough _ ... ______.: ______. ______2!'i. 000 cle IX, when a vessel is due for scrapping, the first stage of
CHPonownod -- - ___- --_-____- - --__---____---_~___------______-______------4126.~00. 200 scrapping, which consists in rendering a ship incapable of R ~ rul~C------26, JOO further warlike service, hall be immediately unde~taken . '.•
4674 CONGRESSIONAL· .REOORD-SEN ATE. MARCH 28,
.(b) .A. vessel shall be considered incapable of further :war~ (d) No retained capital ·ships ur aircraft carriers shall be like ·service when there shall have been removed and landed, reconstructed except 'for the purpose of providing means of de or else destroyed in the ship- fense against air and submarine attack, and st~bject to the fol .(1) All guns and essential portions of guns, fire-control tops, lowing rules: The contracting powers may, 'for that purpose, and .revolving parts of all barbettes and turrets ; equip existing tonnage with bulge or 'blister or antiair attack (2) .All machinery for working hydraulic or electric mount- deck protection, providing the increase of displacement thus in-gs; effected does rnot exceed 3,000 'tons (8,048 metric tons) displace ·(3) All fire-control instruments and range finders; ment 'for each ship. No alterations in side atwor, in· calib~r, ( 4.) All ammunition. explosive~, and .mines; number or ,general type of mounting of •main 'armament shall be ·( 5) All 'torpedoes, war 1leatls, and torpedo tubes; permitted exeept: . ( 6) All wireless telegraphy installations; (1) In the case of France and Italy, which countdes within (7) The conning tower and all "Side armor, or alternately the Jimits allowed for bulge may lncrea.se their armor protection all main propeUing machinery ; and and the caliber of fthe •guns now carried 'On their existing capital (8) .All landing and flying-off platforms, and all other avia ships so as ·not to ~xceed !1.6 inches (406 millimeters) and tion_accessories. (2) The British !Empire ·Sholl be permitted to complete, in IV. The periods·in which scrapping of vessels is to be effected the case of the Renou:n, the alterations to. armor that baye are as follows : already been commenced but tem1Jorarily suspended. (a) In the case of vessels to be scrapped under the first para S»CTION II. graph of Article II, the work of rendering the vessels incapable Replaee·ment ana SC1-apping of · capital ships. of further warlike service, in accordance with paragraph 3 of UNIT»D STAT~S. this part, ~han · be completed within six months from the com ing into force of the present treaty, and the scrapping shall be Ships retained. finally effecte ·~ within 18 months from su.ch coming into force. Summary. (b) Tn the case of vessels to be .scrapped under the second 'Ships Ships and third paragraphs of Article II, or unde.r Article III, the work Year. , laid •com- Ships scrapped (a.geJn parentheses). of rendering the vessel incapable of further warlike service in down. pleted. Pre- I Post accordance with paragraph 3 of this part shall be commenced not later than the date of completion of its successor, ..and Jut land. shall be finished within six months from the date of such completion. The vessel shall be finally scrapped, in accordance Maine (20), (Missouri (20), uginia 17 with .paragraph 2 of this part, within 18 months from the date i (17), Nebraska (.17)~~eorgie. '(17)l New Jersey (17), .tmode !slana of completion of its successor. If, however, · the completion of (17), Connecticut (17) Louisiana the new vessel be delayed, then the work of rendering the old (17), Vermont (16), Kansas .(16), vessel incapable of further warlike service in accordance with Minnesota (16), New Hampshire (15), ·south Carolina (13), Mich~ paragraph .3 of this part ..shall be commenced within four yea_rs igan (13), Washington (9), South , from the laying of the keel of the new vessel, and t)hall oe Dakota (0) Indiana (D), •Mon finished within six mo:riths from the date on which such work tana (0), ~orth Carolina (0), Iowa (0)1 Massachusetts (0), Lex was commenced, and the old vessel .shall be finally scrapped ington (o) Constitution (0), Con in accordance with paragraph 2 of this part within 18 months stellation (ot Saratoga (O),.!Ranger f1~ om the date when the work of rendering it incapable of (0), United ~:States (0).* further warlike service was commenced. , 1922 ...... •...... 'A, B.# .. Delaware (12) North Dakota (12) .... 15 3 1923 . •.. ·········· ·········· ···········•············•····•···•···· 15 3 PART .3. 1924.... ··-················-·············· ···· 15 3 1925 .... ···•••···. ··-······· ·••····•····· ...... ••...•...... •.. 15 3 REPLACEM111NT. 1926 ...... •..•...... •...... ··················-····-·············· 15 3 The :replacement of capital ships and aircraft carriers shall 1927 .. _. ··· ··~···· ···-···-·· ·····-··-·-·······················-··· J5 .3 15 3 take ·place according to the rules in section 1 and the tables i::::: :::::::::: ::::~::::: ::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 3 in section 2 of this part. l1930 ...... 15 3 15 3 15 3 RULES FSO:c::L~~IDMENT. ' l~L:~ g._~::~:··········::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::: 15 3 {a) . Capi~al ships ~d aircraft catrriersth20 ~ears af~der d t~~ I il93L.. H, L... c, D.... Flt;J~a (23), Utah (23), Wyoming 12 5 date of their compleuon may, excep as o enVIse provi e I 1935 .... L--···· E, F -··· Arkansas (23) Tex.as(21} New York -CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-~ SEN ATE. 4675 ilteplacemefl,t rwrrd somp]J'ing of reap4tal s"ll,{ps...... Contibued: Replacemon-t -and scrappi?I1J of capital sMps-con tinned. BRITISH lDMl'IR'E--COlltinued. JAPAN. Ships retained. Ships retained. SUmmary. Summary. Ships Ships Ships Year. lai Jutlana. Jutland. 1926 ...... ·-·-············ ...... 17 3 ru~en (!20), Mikasa (20), 'ltashima 8 1927 ...... 17 3 (16), Ratori (16), Satsuma (12), 1928 .••...... 17 3 ,A.ki (11), Se.ttsu (10), Ikoma (·14), ______1929 .. ,_ ...... 11 3 lbuld (12), Kura.ma (11) Ama~· 1930.-...... 1.7 3 ·(0), A.k:agi (0), Kaga (0), 'tosa (0 ·····-·····-········· ...... ····-~ 1931. .. ·a:·r;:::~ ...... -········-·······-··-·"-············-· 17 3 Takao (0), Atago (0). Project 1932 .... E,F ...... 17 '3 program-S ships not laid down.* 1933 .... G ...... 17 3 1922 ...... 8 '2 1934... ••• H,L. ... ·a~·-n:::: ·iro~· nUk:-e ·cw~!i~iii>oioora· ··>: · 13 5 1923 ...... 8 '2 Emperor of di.a (20), enbow 1924-...... _ ...... - .... ~ ... '8 .2 (20). 8 -2 1935 .... J.-...... E,F .... 'i'.iger (21 ), Queen Elizabeth (20), '9 7 }~: ::: ::::::::~: :::::::::: ::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2 Warspite {20), .Barham (20). 1927 ...... ~ ...... 8 2 1936 .... K,L .... G ...... 'Malaya (20), Royal Sovereign (20) .... 7 8 1928 ...... 8 2 1937 .... M ...... H,I. .... Revenge (21), Resolution (21) .•....• 5 10 8 2 19 ...... N,'O .... J ...... Rofi!l Oa-k (22) ....•..•...•••••••••. 4 u i~:::: :::::::::: ~ ::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: ::·:::::::::: ::::: 8 2 I 11!39 .... P,Q .... K, L .... V.a · nt(23).) Repulse (23) ...... 2 13 1931..'.. A ...... :g 2 1940 ...... M ...... Renown (24 ...... 1 14 1932 .... B ...... ·8 :2 1941 ...... N,O .... Ramillies (24), Hood (21) ...... 0 15 1933 .... c ...... · ...... ~ ...... - .. .. 8 2 1942 ...... ,...... ·-- P,Q.... A (17), B (17)- ...... 0 !1.5 1934 .•.. D ...... A ...... Xongo (21) ...... , . 3 1935 .... E .. ~..... B ...... Hiyei"(2l),Hltr.lllla(20) ...... 5 4 NOT11.-A, B, C, D, etc., represent individual capital ships of 35,000 5 tons stand:ard displa-cement iaid down and completed in the years ~~~::: ~::::::: g-_:::::: ~~:~~~::::::::::::::::::~::: a• 6 specified. 1938 .... H ...... E ...... Yamashiro (21) ...... 2 7 ... 1 • FRANCE. 8 -() 9 0 9 ShipSTetained. iEL :~::::~~:: L::~: !i;t~f~:~~:~~~:~~~~:~~:~~~~~~: 0 9 Summary. 'Ships Ships Year. laid com Ships scrapped (11g~ in parentheses.). •Japan may r-etain the Shtkuihitmr. and Asahi lor noncombatant purposes, after dawn. pleted. Pre- 1 Post complying with ib:epro'Visrons t>f P.art 2, ill, (b). • · Jutland. N on.-A, B, C, D, etc., represent individual capital ships o1 35.,000 tuns standard ------1------1---.----- displaoomem, laid down and completed in the years specified. Tons. Tons. S1:'ANDA'Ro DrsPLACEKENT. 1922 .... ·•••······ ...... -., 1923 ...... 7 o The standard displacement of a ship is th~ displacement of · 1924 ...... ~ ... . 7 g the ship complete, fully manned, engined, arrd equipped ready 7 o fo-r sea, includin.g all armament .and ammunition, equipment, i:~::: :::::::::::::::::::: :::.:::::::::::::: ~: :::::::::::::::::::I 7 1927.... .35,000 ...... ~ ...... 'J g outfit, provisions and fresh water for ~'ew, miscellaneous stores 7 0 all.d implements 'Of every descriDt;ion that are 'intended to be 7 o carried in war, but without fuel or reserve feed water -on bo-ard. tm:::: :: :~:~: ·.. ~~:~· ·;~~~~~-(~~;:·~~~~ ~~~~~: :~~~: :: 5 1931. . .. 35, 000 ...... 5 <"') The word. '' tnn" in the present treaty, except in the expres- 1932.... 35, 000 35, 000 France (18) ...... 4 f~ sion " metric tons," shall be understood to nrea:n the ton ·of 1938.... 35,000 ...... 4 (*) 2,240 pounds (1,016 kilos). 1934...... 35,000 Paris (20), Bretagne (20) ...... 2 1935. ... . • • ...... • 35,·000 Provence (20) ...... :1. (*) Vessels now ',000 tons, and that the t otal ~TI ·c-UJ XXI. capital ship tonnage hould keep within the llrruts imposed by the present treaty. If during the term of th~ present treaty the requirements 'of ITALY. the national security of any contracting power in respect of Ships retained. naval defense are, in the opinion of that power, materially Ships Ships Summary. .affect-ed by any change of circumstances, the contracting powers Year. Jaid com Ships scrapped (age m parentheses). will, at the request of uch power, meet in conference with a down. pleted. Pre- IJ' _. - 4676 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ SENA1E. MARcH 28, ally during the next five years to such an extent and upon such terms made in accordance with th.e constitutional methods of the re as may be agr·eed upon, which under tanding or agreement is to be Rpective powers, any 9ne of said contracting powers may, by reported to tbe respective Governments for approval. giving notice to the other contracting powers, suspend for the period of hostilities it obligations under the present treaty, That is the direct mandate of Congress, adopted, I believe, unanimously by both Houses, authorizing and requesting the otller than tho e under Articles XIII and XVI~. . On the ces ation of hostilities the contracting powers Wlll President to-invite a conference with the Gqvernments of Great meet in conference to consider what modifications, if any, should Britain and Japan for the purpo e oj reducing naval arma be made in the provision of the present treaty. ments. The invitation to that conference thu approved by Con gres. followed, and the President extended the limitations set ARTICLE XXIII. by the congressional action so as to make the invitation to the The pre ent treaty hall remain in force until December 31, conference include all forms of armament, and al o to include 1936 and in ca e none of the contracting powers shall have in the naval section of the conference France and Italy as welt give~ notice two year before that date of its ~ntention .to ~er a the three power named in the act of Congres . minate the treaty it shall continue in force until the expuatwn The conference inet on the 12th day of N" ovember last, and its of two years from the date on whicll notice of termination shall work, which was also extended by the President' invitation to be O'iven by one of the contracting powers, whereupon the treaty cover que tions of the Far East has now been laid before the hail terminate a regard all the contractinO' powers. Such Senate for its advice and consent. notice shall be communicated in writing to tbe Governmen.t of Although the American proposition in regard to naval reduction the United State which shall immediately transmit a certified was et forth by Mr. Hughe at the first and opel}ing plenary se - copy of the notifi~ation to the other powers ~nd inform them .of ion of the conference, the question of land armament was taken the date on which it wa received. The notice shall be deemed up at ijle third plenary se sion a few day later, when the on to have been given and .hall take effect on that date. In the ference li tened to the views of France as expres ed by l\I. vent of notice of termination being given by the Go\ern~ent Briand. In regard to land armament , I hould premi e what of the United State , such notice shall be given to the diJ?lO everyone, I think, knows, that the United States had reduce The only way to secure any real reduction in armaments was Mr. LODGE. We retained none because we had none to by international agreement, and that was the work which the retain. . American delegation took up;. that was the purpose they had in.. Mr. SIMMONS. But we were contemplating building some:. mind. Mr. LODGE. Yes; we had begun. to build some, and. I shall The Ame1ican delegate met repeatedly before November 11. explain by and bY, if the Senator will allow me~ ju t why we They had in all 12· meetings~ lasting always from two to four made the choice we did. It was done on what we thought the hour , and most of tho e hours were given to the question of the best naval advice. reduction of naval armament From those meetings came the .Mr. Sil\fl\:IONS. That is the point I was going to ask the proposition which Mr. Hughes made on the 12th of November Senator about-whether this was done upon naval advice and to- the· nine powers a em bled at the council table in Washington. whether the delegate accepted the opinion of experts. I ought to say, as I wish the Senate to know as far as possi 1\fr. LODGE. It certainly was; and we have followed e~actly ble just exactly what we did, that during tho e meetings we what they advised in that respect. Later r shall give very elab ha:d befoTe us, in fact in constant consultation with us when tile orate figures. a:bmrt it. Navy was under discussion, representatives of the Navy De Mr. SIMMONS. Then in that particular the delegates did partment. The Secretary came to one or two meetings and permit the naval experts to determine the matter for them? then deputed the .Assistant Secretary, the Chief of Operations, Mr. WDGEJ. No; we took their advice on wha.t ships were Admiral Coontz, and Admiral Pratt, his a.ssistant1 to represent best to retain. the department in our consultations. ·we also had the ad Mr. KING. Believing that battleships were better than vantage of information and advice from the general board of cruisers? ~N~~ . Mr. LODGE. That was the conclusion reached by the Navy. There is one thing that is often overlooked in matters of this Mr. SIMMONS. I should like to hear the Senator upon that kind, and I should like to express it very plainly. It is not for poipt. technical experts to make this treaty any more than I regard Mr. LODGE. I am coming to it, but I can not take up a it as the duty of technical experts to make the tariff bill. Tl'Iey large question like this and deal only with certain points here are present to furnish information and advice on all technical and there. If the Senator will allow me, I would rather go point , and with that special knowledge which only those who through the treaty, and l think I can show how the whole thing devote their life to the subject can give. But the policy to be developed. followed must be the policy of the Government, whether it is the I merely mention this t() show that we had the very best Executive acting through his representatives in a negotiation naval advice there was from responsible men selected by the with foreign powers or whether it is a committee of the Hou e department, and that for an facts and details we :rested upon formulating a tariff bill or whether it is the Finance Committee them ; but the general policy as to such a matter as a ratio, of the Senate considering that bill for amendments. The idea for example, after having all the facts before us, we decided for should be dismissed that the na..val experts were to formulate ourselves, '3.Ild it could not be done in any other way. the policy to be pursued or that we should ever have allowed Mr. President, the entire action of the delegation is set forth them to do it. The policy, be it good or bad, was the policy of in their report, which r hope Senators have read with care, for the Government representect•by the American delegates at the they there would find everything pretty fully stated. How conference. ever, I am going to follow it, without reading it, in order to ~1r. McCORMICK. Mr. President, may I interrupt the Sena try to put in somewhat condensed form just what the delegates tor for a question? did. We believed that there was an opportunity to make a very 1\lr. LODGE. Certainly. large reduction and a very effecti-ve limitation for the future. Mr. McCORMICK. The experts, of com·se, gave the delegates The general considerations which we1·e deemed to be pertinent accurate estimates of tonnage and relative strength upon which I shall read : the delegates based their a-ction? The first is that the core of the difficulty is to be found in the com .Mr. LODGE. Certainly; they gave us every possible detail petition in naval programs, and that, in. order appropriately to limit which we wanted, o that we could make all the comparisons naval armament, competition in its production must be abandoned. of tonnage, of armaments, of caliber, of peed, and all that. Competition will not be remedied by resolves with respect to the method of it& continuance. One program inevitably lead to another, and i! I only wanted to define exactly what their position was, be competition continues its regulation is impracticable. There is only cau e I have heard the matter discussed as if it was the bnsi one adequate wa.y out and that is to end it now. ne ·s of experts to settle the policy. It was not. We had the It is too often overlool{ed in the consideration of this subject very best technical adYice that could be given. We had it giverr that the most important single object which was accomplished with all the sense possible of public responsibility. We had was putting an end to naval competition. The spectacular all the information which could be laid before us, and some of feature was the scrapping large numbers of ships and putting that information neces arily was confidentiaL There· was no an end to great naval building programs, bu.t the most. effective such thing, as I have seen alluded to, perhaps, in the newspa thing for tile future in regard to naval armaments was the ab pers, as secret reports. There were no ecret reports made. solute stopping of competition. That was done by limiting the Nothing was given us in that form by the experts except the tonnage of capital ships. and the calibers of the guns. to be used. tables and figures and comparisons, but there were facts which The American delegation also reached the conclusion that this every service, military and naval, in every country for the pro great reduction- tection of the Nation does not give to the world and ought to carr not be accomplished without serious sacrifices. Enormous sums be very severely censured if it did. have been ex.p.ended upon ships under construction and building pro :Mr. SIIDIONS. 1\lr. President-- grams which are now under way can not be given up without heavy (Mr. los . Yet if the present construction of capital ships goes forward The PRESIDING OFFICER PoiNDE.XTER in the chair). other ships will inevitably be built to rival them, and this will lead to Does the Senator from Massachusetts yield to the Senator from still others. Thus the race will continue so long as ability to con North Carolina? tinue Ia ts. The effort to escape sacrifices is- futile. We must face them or yield our purpose. Mr. LODGE. I yieW. It is also clear that no one of the naval powers should be expected Mr. SI.lt1MONS. I wish to ask the Senator some questions to make these sacrifices alone. The only hope of limitation of naval for advice and because I have been somewhat troubled about armament is by agreement among the nations concerned, a~d this agreement should be entirely fair and reasonable in the extent of the it. The Senator will remember that the senior Senator- from sacrifices required of eacll of the powers. :rn considering the basis of Missouri [Mr. REED] discussed some days ago at very great such an agreement, and the commensurate sacdlices to be required, it length-- is necessary to have regard to the existing naval strength of the great am ·to naval powers, including the extent of construction already effected in l\1r. LODGE. Yes; and I going reply to that speech the case of ships in process. This follows from the fact that one point by point. nation· is as free to C'Ompete as another, and each may find grounds for • l\Ir. SIMMONS. What I desire to a k the Senator is with its action. What one m:ty do another may demand the opportunity to reference to the selection by the United States of capital ships rival, and we remain in the thrall of competitive effort. exclu ively. Those were the principles laid down by the Secretary of Mr. LODGE. If the Senator will allow me, I hould prefe1· State in his address upon which the American delegation acted. to answer that when I come to it. We came to the conclusion very early that in order to bring l\1r. SIMMONS. Very well. . about a tho1·oughly efficient reduction of armaments we must l\Ir. 'LODGill I am going to take that all up and go into it, include France and Italy. During the war neither of those I am afraid, with a good deal of detail; I shall try to cover powers had kept up its construction of ships; they had taken all those boint.s. all their men and used them in the field and had not expanded Mr .. SIM1\10NS. I have not investigated the matter at all their navies at all; yet at the same time they had been two of for myself, becau e I ha Ye not had the time. I understood the the great naval powers of the world· aml till were great mari na.tor from Mi ouri to I¥1Y that Great Britain had retained time powers. So it eemed e ential that they should foTm a quite a number of battle cruisers, that Japan had retained quite part of the association of powers which should join in a naval a number of battle cruisers, but we had not 1·etained any. reduction, 4678 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-SENATE. In brief, the plan. which we propo ed rested upon the general ; (3) That subject to the 10-year limitation above fixed and the maxi mum standard, ·capital ships may be replaced when they are 20 years principles which I have stated at some length, and which are old by new capital-ship construction. as follows: ( 4) That no capital ship, shall be built in replacement with a tonnage displacement of more than 35,000 tons. · ( 1) That all capital-shipbuilding programs, either actual or 'pro-. jected, should be abandoned ; 1\Ir. LODGE. I should say that it· -was very clear to the (2) That further reduction should be made through the scrapping American delegation. and they tood firmly on that point, of certain of the older ships ; (3) That in general regard should be had to the existing naval that the only ba is for starting the limitation of navies must strength of the powers concerned ; be the naval armament which actually existed; in other words, ( 4) That the capital ship tonnage sho~?-ld be used as the me:l;s~re that the exi ting ratios between the different fleets were the ment of trength for navies and a proportiOnate allowance of auXIhary only ground on which we could begin the reduction of arma- combatant craft pre cribed. , ment. The moment we left that ground and got into the Then followed the details of the American proposition, which very cloudy region of each country's deciding what its peace I shall not repeat here, but which I ask to have printed with and safety and ecurity demanded, there would be no standard my speech at this point. The extract covers all the details of and we could get nowhere. We therefore took as the ba is our first proposition. from which to sta1·t the ex:i ting ratios between the three great The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so fleets. The ratio at which we aimed, over which there was ordered. much contest, however, wa , roughly, the w.ell-known 5-5-3, The matter referred to is as follows; that is, 5 for Great Britain, 5 foi· the United States, and 3 for • More pecifically, the plan in relation to capital ships was as fol Japan . .. lows: In the statement in reference to replacement there was an CAPITAL SHIPS. agreed maximum of tonnage of capital ships for the United U~ITED STATES. States 50Q,OOO tons, for Great Britain 500,000 -ton , and for The United States i now completing its program of 1916 calhng Japan 300,000 tons. for 10 new battleships and 6 battle crui e.rs. One battleship bas been completed. The othet·s are in various stages of construction ; in I shall not go into the proposal in detail, for it is all set some cases from 60 to over 80 per cent of the construction has been down here with all the figures and with the ships which were done. On the. e 15 cap,ital ships now being built over $330,000,000 originally included. ' have been spent. Still, the United States is willing in the inter~st of an immediate lim!tation of naval armament to scrap all these ships. The mo t seriou controversy which arose over this treaty The nited State· proposes, if this plan is accepted- grew out .of the question of the ratio. Japan yielded to it ( 1) To scrap all capital ships now under construction. This in finally only with the greatest reluctance and only on account of cludes 6 battle cruisers and 7 battleships on the ways and in course of the willingness of the other Pacific powers to put a limitation building, and 2 battleships launched. The total number of new capital ships thus to be scrapped is 15. on fortifications, a question to which I will come later. The total tonnage of the new capital ships when completed would be Mr. KING. Mr. President, would it disturb the Senator if I 618,000 ton . - should make an inquiry there? (2) To scrap all of the older battleships up to, but not including, the Delaware ancl Not·th Dakota. The number of the e old batUeships to Mr.' LODGE. I am glad to yield to the Senator. be . crapped is 15. Their total tonnage is 227,740 tons. l\lr. KING. Doe the Senator think that in the establishment Thus the number of capital .hips to be scrapped by the United States, of the ratio full justice was done o France and Italy? I have if thiR plan is accepted, is 30, with an aggregate tonnage (including that of ships in construction, if completed) of 845,740 tons. in mind the fact that during the war they suffered very great losses in their capital ships, and it occurred to me that an in- GREAT BRITAIN. justice was done particularly to France. · The plan contemplates that Great Britain and Japan shall take action which is fairly comme.n urate with this action on the part of Mr. LODGE. On the contrary we gave them much more the United States. than the ratio prevailing at that time would have allowed It is proposed that Great Britain- · · them. ( 1) Shall stop further construction of the four new Hoods, the new capital ships not la.iu down but upon which money has been spent. l\lr. KING. I agree that that is true. These four ships, if completed, would have tonnage displacement of Mr. LODGE. · Under the ratio which we adopted for Great 172.000 tons. · Britain, the United States, and Japan, France would have been (2) Shall, in addition, scrap her predreadnoughts, second-line battle Rhips, and fir t-line battleships up to, but not including, the King George entitled to only 130,000 tons, but we agreed tbat she should V rlass. have 175,000 tons at once. • These, with cert11in predrea.dnoughts which it is understood have 1\Ir. KING. Yes; I appreciate that fact; but it seemed to already been crapped,. would amount to 19 capital ships and a ton nage reduction of 411,375 tons. me that the conference did not quite take into account the los es The total tonnage of ships thus to be scrapped by Great Britain in capital ships which France and Italy bad sustained. (Including the tonnage of the four Hoods, if completed) would be Mr. LODGE. Those losses were not severe, compared with 583,375 tons. · J'AP:AN. those of England ; and we lost practically nothing. It is pr That arrangement was finally accepted ; but meantime we had about 83,000 tons. We offered a limitation of 60,000 tons for made the agreement to which I have already alluded, that no the higl1est-Great Britain and the United State··. France de capital ship hould be over 35,000 tons and no guns of a greater clined to accept any limitation. She said it would be incom caliber than 16 inches should be used. · patible with her safety. As I have said, as the conference re Great Britain had four new Hoods designed, had begun to quired unanimity, no limitation could be put upon the number a emble the materials, and had already spent, I think, about of submarines to be built by any one of the po,vers, and, of fifteen or· ixteen. million dollars, but the ships had not really course, if no limitation was put on submarine and all the been begun. Those hips were planned and designed to be powers could build as many as they chose, it necessarily fol 49 000 tons, but Great Britain accepted the limitation of 35,000 lowed· that the vessels used for defense against submarines to~ . That illu trates the importance of the limitation of ton could not be limited either. If we had unlimited submarine nao-e becau e if Great Britain had gone on and built those building permitted, we had to have unlimited defense against 49,000-ton ~hip we should have probably have gone on to com submarines. T-hat meant that there would be no limitation put pete, and Japan, too, and in such competition lies the· worst on what are commonly called scout cruiser , no limitation on feature of naval armaments. So that agreement was made. destroyers, in which branch we were immensely uperior to all In the ca e of the United States it wa proposed to scrap all capital the other powers, and no limitation on ubmarine chasers, the hips now under construction-that is to say, 15 ships in various stag.es small boats u ed for that purpose. of construction. Instead, 13 of these ships are to be scraiJped or dis po ed of. The total number of capital ship which were to be scrapped l\fr. GERRY. l\fr. Pre ident, will the Senator yield? by the United State , or disposed of, was tated to ~e 30 . . Under the 1\fr. LODGE. Yes. treaty the numher is 28, with a very slight difference m total tonnage. l\fr. GERRY. Was not a limitation put on the use of sub In the case of Great Britain the construction of the four great Ho_ods marines in the treaty dealing with submarines and noxious ha been abandoned, and while Great Britain is t~ have ~wo new ships, limited to 35 000 tons each, four of the retamed hipS are to be gases? crapped, as ul'ready stated, when these two ships are completed. . . Mr. LODGE. Yes; there was a limitation, which I hope It was also provided in the original proposal that Great Bntam will be of orne value, which limits them Ulltler the provisions should scrap her predreadnoughts, second-line battleships, and first-~ine battleships up to and not including the Kblf/ George V. These ships, of international law and provides that for a breach of those with certain predreadnougbts which it was understood bad already b~en provisions, whether the captain does it by governmental orders scrapped would amount to 19 capital ships, with a tonnag reduction or not, other nations·are entitle(} to treat him as a pirate. on thi account of 411.37r tons. This provision is substantiapy un affected by the treaty, tbe fact being that under the treaty 20 hips are lHr. GERRY. What I refer to in that treaty is, if I am not to be scrapped in tead of 19 that were mentioned in the proposal. interrupting the Senator's argument, that article 1 and article 4 Under the treaty Japan i · to scrap all of the ships mentioned, seem.to me to be contradictory. with the exception of the .Jluts-u. They are all listed in the l\lr. LODGE. They .are not. I will tell the Senator just tables in the ~ econd part of the treaty. .Japan als 1\fr. GERRY. And the statement is made that it is impos Now, M.r. !President, I wish to· ay something with ~egaTd to sible to ·use submarines in that way without breaking interna the peech .made by the Senator from :Mis ouri [Mr. R EED] tionai 1aw. upon this naval treaty. Mr. DODGE. It probably 1s impossible, as a matter 10f fact, The Senator from l\1issouri, in his speec11 of March 16, spoke to u e them for commerce {lestruc:tion without their ·breaki:Dg as fo11ow : existing rule of law. Mr. President, I desire to Jay before the ·Senate, in connection with M:r. GERRY. I under tand that a great many of our nu"V:al the treatie now under con ·ideration, orne fact which have· not .here tofore been discu sed, and which, while they bear upon the disarma offic r do not a:gr e to that contention. ment treaty directly, have al o a veTy important bearing on the treaty 1\fr. LDDGE. I dare ay that is true. If the Senator can under con ideration- find anythinO' that 8.11 naval officers agree ;to', I shall be Yery much obliged to him if he will tate it. I did not mean, bow . That wa the four-power treaty- evm·, to get off on the question of international law. That will I propo e to place before the Senate some figures with l'efer-enc to the relative ·trength of the navi-es provided for in the naval tt·eaty; and I come up tater. believe I can say a a preliminar~ that the whole status has been mi - Mr. GERltY. Then the submarine is absolutely limited un- repre ented to the ·senate and to the American people. der tbe- A I was one 'Of tho e who made that re{>1·esentation, I take 1\lr. LODGE. The s\Jbmarine is J>TOhibited as a commerce the liberty of saying that the status was not misrepre ent <1. destroyer, 1f' we cnn get them to· agree to it. We ha-:ve told tile American people exactly what the facts w re. ·l\1r. GERRY. Then there is a limitation on the submarine Of cour e, errors are po ible to all, but I think I shall show be ide that contained in the treaty under consideration? 1r. LODGE. Tb re is a limitation on the u e of the u:b that tlle errors were not with us. I continue to quote : marine, but not ::t limitation on the construction of submarin s. To return to that, although we ·can not put a limita:tion on the The facts I .am about to present are the work of naval expert of a ~ig.h ord~L· ,. and are lmttre sed by documentary proof which demands, number of scout cnii ers, destroyers, or submarine ·chasers that m my op1ruon, the attention of this body. If they ru:e not given atten eould be built, we could put tbe ·arne limitations that we put tion ·before the four-power. treaty is acted upon, we will bn.ve .so far on tl1e capital hips a to the tonnage and the caliber of guns, committed ·om elve that probably nothing we can do will extr.icate us from a dilemma which is fraught, in my judgment, with the very and those were put in. There wa a limitation on the guns gravest danger. that could be carried by an airplane carrier; that is, if it bas guns exceeding 6 inch s, the total number ·of guns shall not ex • • • • I want a disarmam nt treaty made which will reduce to the mini ceed 10. It can not carry a gun in excess of 8 inches. It ay mum the a:rmrunents of all the nation of the world. I want that carry without limit 5-inch guns and antiaircraft guns. With treaty o made that the United Stat will be a.fe and not placed at a respect to auxiliary craft, the treaty provide that no ve el di advantage, and I am imploring the enators who now pay me the compliment of their attention, and tho e who have been called away by of w-ar exceeding 101000 tons, other than capital hip or air other bu ine , to study these figure ; which I believe in every singulnr craft carrier , shall be acquired by or constructed by, for, or particular to be accurate, for I have taken pains to have them check d within the jurisdiction of any of .the contracting powers; and by two experts, who know their bu iDeas if a:ny two men in the United States know the buslne of comparing naval armaments and the S.P d then it limit"' the caliber and the nlllDber of guns which cruisers and quality of hlps. and destroyer can n e. Of cour e, the treaty also provides that none of the contracting :powers will by o-ift, sale, or any The e experts are anonymou . Those that we have called in, mode of transfer turn o er any -vegsel of war in such manner a I ha \e aid, are officer of the highest expetience and b t that the ves el may become ta ves el of war in the navy ·of any known in the Na'iry, and their names are th re, and they are foreign power; and we put a st~ to the building of warships respon ~ ible. on foreign .account. The Senator from Mi souri, I think, has not been very for ~lr. P.re ident, having o-one briefly over the most important tunate in choosing his advisers. The "two expert , who kno-w part· of the treaty, I am o-oing to take up the speech which their bu iness if. any two men in the United States know the wa made here by the enator from Missouri [ 1r. REED] in re busine s of comparing naval armaments and the speed and gard to thi treaty, and correct, U.s I think, some of the mis- quality of ship " have not done their duty wen. They have takes in it. indulO'ed in inaccuracie ·, omissions, and wrong conclusion , l\1r. GERRY. Mr. Pre ident, will the Sen tor yield? many ·of which ·eem o evident as to create surprise. 1\Ir. LODGE. Yes. I will treat fir t of the inaccuracies. The Senator states that Mr. GERRY. Is the Senator .going to di cuss how replace- the K'ltmma, the Ibuki, and the Ikoma, until now, have been ments of capital ships are made? cla: ed merely a fir t~clas cruisers, and be cites as hi au l\lr. LODGE. That i all et forth in the treaty. What can thority "Jaynes Fighting Ship·." On the contrary, in "Jayne I tell the Senator .about it? Fighting Ships " of 19.... 0, the K ·umma, the I1:ntlvi, and the Il.,;oma Mr. GERRY. I did not k'llow whether or not the Senator are clas ed ;a Japa-ue e battle crui ers. They carry fOUl• 12-inch was going to try to explain these table any more fully than guns and eight 8-inch O'uns in their main batteries. It is en- - thev are set forth. They eem rather complicated. tirely inaccurate to clas them as first·cla s cruisers. They are Mr. LODGE. If the enator will look at one of the tables, not o classed by any naval authority, inCluding the Japanese he will e that we give first the ships. crapped, taking r0ur them ·elves. It is apparent on the face of the matter that they own li t, with the age of the vessels scrapped in parentheses. are not. The number in brackets behind each ship means the a.ge of the In the case of the computation of tonnage to be crapped, the , :U.ip. Where it is a zero, it means that it is a ship not yet com United tates, in the Senator's speech, i tated to have crapped plete; that i , that it i still in proce of building. 'Then, when 762,940 ton ; Great Britain, 92;000 ton ; and Japan, 289,182 we come to retained hip "J the Senator will find after each ship tons. Whatever the onrce from which the e figures are de its age and when that hip can be replaced, which i -co\ered rived, they .a.re ab olutely inaccurate as .a computation of ton by the capit-al letters in the first two column " Ships laid nage of fighting . hlp to be actually s-crapped by the powers down " and " SMp completed," and then the ships retained ; above mentioned. and Senators will e hy following it down that the number of The tonnage scrapped by the United State standard of pre-Jutiana ship retai~ d entirely disappear , and the post mea urement, under the .American pro~osal, was as follows : ,Jutland ships become the whole 15, as we gradually get rid of Tons. the older hips and replace them with n~ ones. United 'tate------45,740 The replacement rules .are laid down on page 19 of the treaty: Great Britain------~------5 3, 375 Capital ships and aircraft carriers 20 years after the date of their Japan------448,928 completion may, except a otberwi e provided in article 8 and in the When the M ut ·n was taken· in and the etsu scrapped, and table in ection 2 of thi part, be replaced by new con truction, but within the limit pre cribed in article 4 and ariiclc 7. The keels af when two hips are re erved as a·rcraft carrier out of the such new construction :may, except as otherwi e provided in uticle 8 erapped tonnage. and when the West Virg·inia and the Colo- and in the tables in ection 2 Qf this part, be laid down not earlier 1·aao are taken i:n and the North Dakota and Delaware scrapped, than 17 years from the date of completion of the tonnage to be re- placed1 provided, however, that no capital hip tonnage, with the and ·the 2 aircraft carrier re erved out of the ,13 remaining· exception of the . ·hips referred to in the third paragraph of article 2- new ,ships to be crapped, and when the 4 of the King George Tho e are the excepted Ships- type . are scrapped, and the 2 new Hoods ndded, and the 2 new -aircraft carriet re. erved for -Great Britain, the revised and the repla ement tonnage pecifically mentiQned in . ection 2 of this part, hall not be laid down until 10 }'ear · trom Novem'ber 12, 1921. figure would be ns follows : Ton. Then follow the provi ion~ for carrying out the replace United Rtate. ------733, 540 ments; and in the tables, if the enator will examine them, he Great BU·itain ______507,225 will ee the ages and the dates of replacement for alL Japan ____ .:.------~------3GO, 528 1922.- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. The. e figur~ -which are authentic, I am sure, which are fur Tons. 500, 650 nished me by the experts of the Navy Department whom I ~ave The United States ______: ____ ·------mentioned who advi ·ed us through the conference-are entrrely Y!~!~-~~~~n_::::::::::::::::::::::::::-~:::::::::::::::: ~~~;. 18g at varianc~ with tho. e submitted by the Senator from MissourL When the West Virginia and Colorado are included in the Who could have told him that Great Britain scrapped only American table and the North Dakota and Delaware scrapped, 92,000 tons, I can not imagine. She had scrapped a great many and when the two new Hoods of 35,000 tons each are added to pre-Jutland Rhips, old ships, before she came here, and yet she the British list, and the King George, Ajax, Centurion, and crapped much more than 92,000 tons. . Thttnde·rer are taken away, the capital-ship tonnage will be Again the Senator from l\fis ouri, in his speech, said that as follows, according to the American standard of measure $650,000,000 had been spent already on t?e .construction of n~w ment: ship. that are to be crapped. That agam 1s wro~g. The orig Tons. inal American propo al contemplated the scrappmg of all the TheGreat United Britain States------·------______578,525, 8i:i0GOO capital hlp in the 1916 program ' hich were not in commissio~, Japan ______313,300 on which approximately $332,000,000 had been spent or obli O'ated. There is no mistake about that. These are based on To put it mildly, there is some difference between these figures the Trea m·y and the drafts of the contracts establishing the and the ones given by the Senator from Missouri, which read obliO'ations. That is all documentary. as follows: In the final tt·eaty as agreed .to by the delegates, however, the Tons. The United States------··------525, 850 battle hips West Virginia and Colorado were reserved, and two Great Britain______628, 820 of the battle cruiser kept for conversion to aircraft car1iers. Japan ______383,985 Subtracting the moneys inyolved in this matter from the original So much for some of the inaccuracies furnished to the Sen total we have approximately $242,000,000, or considerably less ator from l\lis ouri. An omission, however, is equally as im than' half the amount stated by the Senator from Missouri in portant as an inaccuracy. Indeed, often it is more so. Let us, his speech. therefore, look over the Senator's speech for omissions. To In submitting his table of ships to be retained the Senator begin with, the Senator from l\fissouri in enumerating the ships from l\lissouri credits Great Britain with two super-Hoods, car to be scrapped by the various powers says, in his paragraph on rying each t\velve 16-inch guns, and throwing a weight of metal the united Stat~s ships, that" one battleship, the West Virginia, of 25,000 tons each. I wish to invite the attention of the Se~~ has already been launched." In no place in his enumeration ate to the fact tllat the two new Hoods are not "super-Hoods. of the ships to be scrapped by Japan does he mention that two The uper-Hood was a ship planned by Great Britain, which of their ships have already been launched. would have had a displacement of approximately 50,000 tons. At no place in his speech does a statement appear to tlle effect That ship might carry twelve 16-iuch gun , but the greatest num that the average armor of the battleships classed in the list of ber of gun , according to the statement of the Briti h experts, the United State is 14! inches as against 12t inches for Great that the two new Hoods can carry is nine each. Indeed, there Britain and against less than 11 inches for Japanese ships. are many of the Briti h e1..rperts who do not even believe that this Again, the fact is not mentioned that the total number of guns reduced number of 16-inch guns can be put on the 35,000-ton listed in the United State ' list of ships total some 192 as against ships because we have reduced, as I have already said, the 166 for the Briti h Navy and 96 for Japan, and that therefore limit' of tonnage to 35,000 tons and the British were planning the rapidity of fire is .very much greater for the ships of the 49,000-ton vessels, so evidently the Senator's experts have not United States Navy. noticed that limitation in t.he treaty. Furthermore, Great Again, the fact is not mentioned that the 16-incb gun with Britain has no 16-incb guns at present, and he w'ill be forced which the United States is credited has something over 98,()()0\ to develop this caliber or else to content herself with placing tons of muz7.le energy as again t 84,000 tons of muzzle energy on the new Hoods 15-inch guns. for. the 15-inch guns. ·Nor is it noted that the 14-inch guns with The enator from Missouri makes the accu ation in hi speech which seven of our ship are armed are 50-caliber guns as com that the difference in method of computing tonna(Te in existence pared with 42-caliber 15-inch guns and 13!-inch 45-caliber guns in the various nation before the war has not been taken into carried by the British Navy. With the above facts in mind, the account, and in this connection mak~~ the following tatement: conclusions of the Senator from Missouri as to strength are In order, therefore, to compare the tonnage of American ships as entirely changed, for the ordnance and armor of the battle hips given in the table above with Briti b ships as given in the table, we must add one-eighth, or 122 per cent, to the British tonnage. of the United States may be said to be equal or superior to the Accordingly the British tonnage allowed by the treaty as to existing ordnance and armor of the battleships of Great Britain and ship will be 628.820, as against 525,850, a dHierence of 20 per cent greatly superior to that of the .Japane e ship . in favor of Great Britain. · Furthermore, there is one very important matter omitted en Now, to a ume that the experts of the Navy Department tirely from the comparison made by the Senator from l\li souri. who advised the delegate were so colossally ignorant that they Tllis is the age factor. Glance at the table of hips. It will be did not know the difference ex:i ting between the American seen that the United States had eight ships fini heel in 1917 or tonnage, the .Japane e tonnage, which is very like the Ameri later, whereas Great Britain, with her two new Hoods com can tonna O'e, and the Briti h measurements, which are known pleted, will only have four ship.· finished in the c~rresponding a the legend tonnage, would be to a ume a degree of ignorance period. Though the United States bas certain -vessels that are which is impossible. They were perfectly familiar with it, older than thos;e retained on the Briti h list, this age factor and the figures were based, of course, on the American tonnage greatly strengthens our Navy by comparison. The Senator from throughout in making our comparison. Sub equently the na Missouri states: tion agreed on an international ratio and also on the metric It would be interl:'sting to know why Great Britain is credited with tonnage, which appears throughout the treaty, and all reduc !'crapping 24 capital ships, 20 of which are obsolete, offere(l for sale, tions are made on the international tons. and, in fact, already scrapped, and why Japan is credited with scrapping 3 capital sbip which are not actually capital ships. Is it merely an Then the Senator from Missouri goes on to ay : attempt to pad the lists in ordet· to make a presentable appearance That fact bas been concealed from the American people, whether against that of the United State ? designedly or stupidly, I do not know. I charge it to be a fact, and I charge it to be a fact of unspeakablP. :pe,·tidy, to thus deceive the Again the Senator's experts are at fault. AU of the 20 ships American people and the American Congress. which he speaks of a. obsolete and offered for sale are classed This i. . trong language. Anyone using ii ghould be abso- in the dreadnought type, and all but three are of the same or lutely sure of the ground on which he is standing. Unfor- later date than our two 'ressels, the N01·th Dakota and Delcw;a.re, tunately the Senator from Mi souri again has evidently p1ared. which will only go ont w~en the Colorado and. "J:Vest V'irginia too much reliance on his " two experts." are ~ompleted to take their places. The remammg three are To begin with, far from omitting to consider the l..ifferent dreadnaughts completed in 1909. and therefore less than 13 methods of measuring tonnage in existence in Creat Britain years of age. Also, the three ships of the Japanese Navy, the Japan, and the United State , they were all con ide-red befor~ Kumma, Ibttlci, and Iko~na, are ~ap~tal ships built in !907 a!1d the original American proposal, submitted to the conference on are less than 20 years of n.ge, wh1ch IS the age when sh1p. retire the opening day, was prepared, as every member of the delega- from active service and ~re placed on the obsolete li t. tion and all the experts know. In makinO' the estimates of In this connection it might be well to enumerate the figures of naval tonnage before the conference convened, for the purpose pres~t strength as estimated by the official autho1:itie of the of arrivinO' at a ju. t estimate of strength, every Biitish ship Navy Department in an effort to compute the relative . treugth and every ~Japanese ship was reduced to the American standard by tonnage. In making this estimate the Navy DepartmeD:t con tonnaO'e and the comparisons made on that basis. sidered only dreadnoughts and the percentage of completiOn of Red"'u~ed to standard American tons, the present capital-ship the various ships under constrllction. This was tlw hn!=>is for tonnage retained hy the United State , Great Britain, and Japan the American proposal and it is the basis upon which the final will he as follows: treaty was concluded. ~: 4682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SEN.ATE. ~fAROH 28; of the present battle· erui er will be ounded. Every country · Ships when limited to a; specifl. llli·. LODGE. !E.ha.t .is .quite tr.lle. lrhe ';Senator from Mis- not "been changed or ·increased lor -years, :and aue, therefore, no souri -h:u; ·made no ·rnentiE:tn of ~ the ·fact ;that we ,hold Hawaii :and · menace :te rthe United -states. They- 'Were abandoned by :Great that .the Japanese ·have .given •lUI ,the right .to ·fortify_·the .Bonin iBrjtain a:s " str.ong .places of ~ arms," as tthe.y have •been ·called, Jslands. IArnami-Oshima, the Loocboo J-slands, .the .Pescrulores, 1l.Ild .she ·some time .ago withdrew her fteet. They ·have never and Formosa, without asking to :reser;ve .for thernBelves an;y been kept up. position similar to that which we hold Jn ..Hawaii. The Senator fnom Mi ouri 'dt'3.ws most ~ disquieting condu- Tho e Japanese islands are the ..ones which threaten the sions from .figur~s which he has presented to the Senate. It Phllippines. Formosa is the nearest .one in which fortifica- might be of lnterest to him, ·as it will certainly be to the other tions ·would ·threaten the 1Philipp1rres. Of course, no island that Members af the Senate, to know &actly what the situation Japan has could possibly be made a threat or menace to the would have been as to the relative strength of the capital ships United States. of the navies ..of the :United ,States, Great Britain, and Japan 1\lr. KING. Will the Senator yield i:o me! bad their contemplated building programs been completed. I 'llle PRESIDING OFFICER. Does .the ·senator fr.run Massa- .have as an .authoritiV for the figures which I will now state cllusetts yield to the ·: senator from 'Utah? no :less a bod-y than the ·General Board ·of the Navy. That · 1r. iLODGE. 1 -yield. •board ,of 'O'fficers bas estimated that with our building pr0gram Mr. KING. ·Of cour e, under the :treaties which have been af 1916 and the building programs of the other two nations negotiated we practically abandon the Philippine Islands ·to ...completed, namely, about the year 1928, the relative tonnage ·of Japan and rG.reat 1B.titain; that is, in the sense that there ·Will · capital ships, excluding predreadnaughts, would be as follow : be ~ no defensive-or ofien ive operations on the part of the United .United. States ______100 tate with .rel:)pect .to the Philippine ]s1ands. I am not Mr. Pre ident, while the opposition in this country has been memoirs and recollections of 30 years; there was not much drawing a very dreadful picture of how much the United States secrecy left after that and undoubtedly things were given out. bas . ·acri:ficed through the conference agreements, I should like to I al!hquoting, because it is a convenient condensation, from Mr. call attention to what the opposition in Japan thinks of the George . Ticknor Curtis's Life of Daniel ''f"eb ter. He speaks matter. first of Mr. Rives, of Virginia, who favored the treaty. Then The Yorodzu of the 4th of February states as follows: this which follows sounds so familiar : · .Tapan ha ~ been ·conquered by Great Britain and the United States at Mr. Benton made an elaborate and violent attack upon e>ery stipula the conference. The unrest anu concern of the people for theif safety tion of the treaty, and every part of the negotiation and correspondence. will increa~;e in the future. We must strive for the construction ~f a He condemned them equally for what was done and what was left new Japan which may be ble to escape the menace of the Umted undone. His principal objections-- · States. These are worth listening to. Again, the arne paper n the 9th of February states as fol His principal objections to the whole transaction were : ( 1) That lows: there had been but one negotiatol', and be from an interested State; Why do om· delegates at Washington not rebuke the inso~ence of t!Ie (2) that the negotiation was not conducted on a basis of absolute right, United State ? Has not the Chinese delegatiou declared 1ts dissatiS· but as a matter of bargain and sale; (3 and 4) that no protocols, notes, faction with the results of the conference? While Japan has been or minutes of the CQnferences had been kept, and consequently obscurity forced to give up all that •.he possessed in Chin:_t exc~pt the leas~ of rested upon the ot·igin and progress of the different propositions; (5) Port Arthur and Dairen and the South Manchuna Railway and limit that the American negotiator had taken upon himself to act for the evl:'n the defenses of a part of her homeland. Britain has acquired t_he British envoy, p1·esenting the British claims as American and pressing right of control of a railway in China and the United States has 1n· British arguments upon Maine, "victimizing that deserted and doomed creased her exp(jrts to China. State"; (6) that incongruous matters had been mixed in the same All the Japanese must immediately concentrate their eff~rts on the treaty; (1) that ratification had been forestalled by private consulta· opposition to the ratification of those treaties made at Washmgton. tions with Senators; (8 and 9) "the solemn and mysterious humbug gery by which Dr. Franklin had been made to play a part in ravishing The Hochi on the lOth of February states : this ratification from our alarms and screening the negotiator from The conference was a great success for Britain and the Unite~ States, responsibility for his gratuitous sacrifices " and the "awful apparition and President Harding may well congratulate himself for 1t. Fo,r of the disinterred map," shown to alarm Senators into ratification. He Japan it wa a failure, and we can not bring ourselves to be _grab· discussed all these general obections at length and took up all the dif· fied by it. ferent parts of the negotiation in detail and could find no redeeming Japan has sustained such a lo s through the conference ?tS she w:ould merit in any of them. have uffered had she been defeated in her desperate war w1th Russ1a. On the boundary question he made out 12 important sacrifices by America to 6 insignificant concessions by the British. The Yomiuri on the 11th of February tated: * • * • Great Britain has been the largest gai?er at the confer~nc~, . culti Mr·. Benton then proceeded to take up and discuss the sins of omis· vating her friendly relation with the Umte~ State~. substltut~g the sion which related to the Columbia River dispute; the subject of im quadruple entente for the Anglo-Japanese alliance w1thont h;urtmg the pressment; the outrage on the CaroU.ne; and the liberation of Ameri feelings of Japan and keeping the naval strength of the Umted States can slave , all of which, he said, ought to have been put finally at down to the lev~l of her own. ecuring the good will of China by rest, and in each case according to the extreme claims of the Ameri restoring Wei-hai-wei (no longer of value to her). cans. He condemned Mr. Webster in unmeasured terms for not tab.'ing The United States comes second to Great Britain in point of uccess. a high and unyielding tone on all these rna tters and insisting on a She -has ecured a 40 per cent naval superiority over Japan, her poten- final settlement. He was peculiarly severe on the correspondence in the tial enemy, and regained the good will of Chin~. . . . Creole case. Mr. Webster, he said, had laid down the law correctly, France come· third, through ecuri,n~ a vo1ce 1D Pantie questions but it was all talk, nothing was done. Lord .A.shburton had engaged vitally affecting her international positiO!J-. . . only for the suaviter in modo, while the fortiter in re remained as it China is next to France in her attarnments. She, a1ded by the was. It was "solemn bamboozlement" to repeat this engagement to United States and Great Britain, made Japan yield on the Shantung the Senate and ask them to be satisfied with it. It was "a con question and compelled the powers to co~clude trea~ies and agre~ments trivance suggested by om Secretary to cover his desertion of the favonlble to he.r interests. She lost nothmg ~nd gamed a ~reat deal.. South." Tbe most miserable is Japan. She bas gamed a breathmg space l,ll naval competition by the enforcement of the naval hoh~ay, and th1s The debate went on, some of . the Senators spoke for the is a considerable boon to her. But the days of her unrestncted freedom treaty; l\Ir. Calhoun stated his reasons for voting to ratify it, of Tl ey did not, of cour e, have to ratify tlie treaty· in 1Parlia .1. T~t it is. desirable that the temporary ·mixed commission should ment; but tlley had a vote of approval, which ~a~ unusual, in be· asked to continue the work which it has be-gun. ..2. That the temporary mind cQIDmission be asked to make --propQsals both Houses, approving Lord Ashburton1s negotmtw~ and t~e on general lines for the reduction of national armaments whlch, in order r ult and the votes were carried by large major;I.ties. His to secure pr-ecision, should be in the form of a draft t.rea ty or other equally definite plan, to be presented to the council, if possible, befo1·e tory ~ay not repeat itself,, but oppositions sometimes do. the assembly next year. After recording these remarks of 'the opposition in England In oTder to enable the temporary mixed commis ion to accomplish this and in the United States Senate, when I was writing a biog task the COUI:lCil should be asked to strengthen this commission. 3. That a statistical investigation be made with regard to the arma raphy of Daniel Webster, I came to his conclusion that the ments o! the various countries upon the lines indicated in the body of attacks of Lord Palmerston and ·Senator Benton demonstrated the report of the third committee. prettY thoroughly that the \Vebster-:A.shburton treaty was a 4. That the temporary mixed com.mi ion be ·requested to continue the examination of the question of the private manufacture of arma· good one. At all events, it has endured unchanged for 80 ments and the trade in arms. years. 5. That the council be requested to invite all the ·members of the l\fr. President, I have trespassed very long on the time of tne league and interested States which are not members of the league to I ~ possible, take part in an international conference on the private manufacture of Senate, but wished to bring ·these facts, so far as arms and the trade in arms, ·which should .meet ·.as oon as 'POSsible at before the Senate as a preliminary to acting upon the treaty. .a date to be fix~ under tbeiresponsibility of :the coun~il. .It is eonsid There is one matter that J overlooked. . ered highly desirable that 'this date should .be prior to the next ses ·on of of the assembl.y. It will be remembered that in the covenant the _League of · The temporary mixe-d commission should be intrusted with the task Nations there is a provision for ~eduction of armament, aP-d, I of preparing the program of the co.nierence and of submitting to it a had the curiosity -to get the e minntes in order to see w}:lat .th~Y "Clraff convention. 6. That the 1.1rgcnt importance 6f ratifying the convention at the have done practically toward the reduction -of ·· armaments.: earliest possible moment be strongly impressed ·on all the States sign·a This is an extract from the official journal of the League of tories to the arms trnffic convention ·of St. Germain, wbeth-er members Nations-Special Supplement No. 6-0ctober, 1921: . of the League of Nations or not,. and that at the Rame time all non signatory States be invited to adnere to the convention. Resolutions and recommendations adopted by the assembly durillg•its The assembly expres e8 its eat"Dest desire that the importan of this second session (September 5 to October 5, 19:.'.1), Geneva, 1921. subject may be strongly urged at the forthcoming Conference on Dis I shall not read all the resolutions and recommendations.. I armament at Washington. . hall ask to have them all printed.; but I shall read the 1inal 7. The assembly, taking note of the view e~pressed in the report of the temporary mixed commission on the ·reduction of a:rmarnents report made by M. :LMn Bourgeois, which contained the final with regard to the desirability of making ·- provisiQn for excludiug ' the re olutions adopted •by the council: import of arms and ammunition in time of p~ce "from countri~s in The council postpones for the present the consideration of the as -which the ·traffic is uncontrolled, invites the council tQ prepare a draft embJy s resolutions 5, 7, 8, 10, and ll, and takes forthwith the fol- protocol for this purp~se for the consideration 9f the various ~overn ments. .At the same trme it expresses the earn-est hope that thi-s _p-ro lowing decisions : . . . cedure will not in any way be permitted to delay the general ·ratifie-a. 1. The council instructs the secretary general to inform M. V1VI.an_1, .tlon of the convention of ·St. Germain. the president of the temporary- mixed commission, that the latter IS asked to continue the work whtch it has begun. The steps that may -eventually have to be tak-en 'for the de truetion of the surplus stocks of munitions may be considered by th-e temporary 2. The temporary mixed commission is invited to meet as early as mixed commi sion. po sible and to lay before the co~ncil the names of new me~~rs ~P .to the number of six, which it desires to coopt. The commiSSIOn IS ill· 8. That, subject to the conditions ~et out iu the ·:recf>mmendation of .vited to make propo s.Is on general lines for the reduction of national the first a embly, the · recommendation that m-embers ol 'the league armaments which, in order to secure precision, should be in the foTm should undertake not to exceed for tbe .next tWQ financial years fol of a draft b·eaty or otheJ.· equally de-finite plan, to be presented to the lowing the p-re nt ·year the sum total of expenditure on military. naval, council, if possible, before the as em.bly n-ext year. and air fort:eS _provided for in the budget of that yea1·, 'be ;again for 3. The temporary mixed commission is asked to carry out its statis warded to all members of the league, together with a statement show tical investigation upon the lines indicated in the body of the as. embly ing the replies already received to this recommendation. report on the reduction of armaments. 9. That the temporary mixed commission be asked tQ e-xamine--in 4. The temporary mixed comQiission is requested to continue the ex consultation with the permauent advisory commission-whether it is amination of the .questions of the private manufacture of armaments adn able to arldress an appeal to the scientiftc men of the world to and the trade in arms. publish their discoveries in poison gas and -similar -.subjects, ·so as to 5 . .A communication should be sent to the Governments •who will minimize th-e likelihood of their being used in any future war. participate in the forthcoming Washington conference on disarmament 10. That it is desirable that propaganda in favor Of th-e reduction in the terms of the draft included in this report. In the meantime a of armaments, ·as contemplated in the eovenant, should .be carried out new letter should be sent to the States which have not yet notified with earnestness and conviction among all nations. their attitude in respect · of the convention Qf St. ·Germain, to request '11. -In ·pursuance of the third Tesoldtion of •the fi'l'st ·a sembly, the them to do so. as embly is of opinion that the secretariat should ·be •asketl to complete 6. The temporary .mixed commission shall be .asked to examine-in the organization·oi the -section of the -secretariat dealing with the qqes consultation with the permanent advisory commission-"Whether it is tion of the reduction of armaments, .and that this ·section ·should have a directorsMp of its own, ol" other equivalent organization, quite separate advisable to address an appeal to th-e ·scientific men of the world to from and, if necessary, in additi-on to, those already •proposed ·by lthe publish their discoveries in poison gas and similar .subjects, so .a£ to fourth committee of the assembly. minimize the likelihood of their being used in any future wur. (Resolutions adopted on October 1, 1921.) . I ask to have the entire resolutions and 1·ecomn1endations printed as an appendix to my Temarks. l\Ir. LODGE. What I have read is simply a .reference•of the [Extract from minutes of the fourteenth session o.f the council .of the Leagm~ of Nations held at Geneva. Second part. SPptember 12 to subject to committees to talk ·about it and to get 'information, October 12, .1921.] which would not mean any action fo.r 10 y~ars. At least we The members of the council of the League of Nations are represented haye succeeded in getting definite action. Tf this ·treaty is I'ati as follows: China by I. -:wellington Koo, president. fi.ed-as I believe it will be-by. all the :signatory' p9wers, it will Belgium by :M. Paul Hymans. mean an absolute reduction of armaments, a stopping of compe Brazil-by ·M. Gastao da Cunha. tition in armaments, and in another -year a sensible relief to the The British Empire by Mr. .A. J. Balfoul". France by lti. •Leon Bourgeois. taxpayers of all the countries involved. Whatever else it is, it Italy by Marquis Imperlali . .is a real and concrete achievement and not a reference to com Japan l;ly Viscount Ishii. missions of experts. It really means something. Spain by :M. Quinones de Le6n. Mr. Presi(lent, in conclusion I only desire to say that ·the Secretary general, SJ.r Eric Drummond. American delegation went into this work on the subject of FOURTEl!)NTH MEE'II~G (PRIVAT!l). armaments with but one idea, and that was so far as possible Held on Wednesday, October 12, 1921, at 3.30 p. m. to bring about a limitation of armaments ·among the great mari Present, all the representatives of the members -of the touncil and the secretary .general. time nations of the world. I think that has.been done. I think 510. ..Albania.. it is work of great value, and I hope the Senate will approve 511. Resolutions of the assembly concerning the reduction of arma- and ratify it. m~~ • The council adopted the report of M. Leon BoUl'geois (~nnex 274), together .with the folli>wing re olutions : .APPENDIX. " The council postpcnes for the present the consideration of the [Extract from League of Nations official journal (special · supplement assembly's resolutions 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11, anu takes forthwith tbe fol No. 6), October, 1921. Resolutions and recommendations adopted by lowing deci ions : the as ·embly during its second session (September 5 to October 5, " 1. The council instructs the secretary general to inform M. Viviani, 1921), Geneva, 1921.] ·· · the presitlent of the temporary 1mixed commission, that the latter is VI. RESOLUTIONS A~D llECOMMlilNDATION:s ADOPTED ON ~HE ltlllPOBTS OF asked to continue the work which it has begun. . THE THIRD COMMITTEE. " 2. The temporary mixed oommissi~n is invited to meet as early as possible and to lay before the council the names ·of new members up to 1. REDUCTION OF .~RMAMlilNTS. the number of six, which it desires •to coopt. The , commission is The assembly thanks M. Branting, chairman of the thh.:d .committee, in • 4686 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ SENATE. MARCH 28~ "4. The temporary mixed commission is requested to continue the The reading -clerk read 'article 5 as follows : examination of the questions of the private manufacture of armaments 1 and the trade in arms. · · ARTICLE v. " 5. A communication should be sent to the Government.s who will No capital ship exceeding 35,000 tons (35,500 metric tons) RtanJard participate in the forthcoming Washingt~n Conference on D1sarm~ment displacement shall be acquired by, or constructed uy, for, or within t!Je 1n the terms of the draft included in this report. In the meantrme a jurisdiction of, any of tbe contracting powers. new letter should be sent to th~ States which have not yet notified their attitude in respect of the convention of St. Germain to request them The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objeetion, tile article to do so. .. . is agreed to. " 6. The temporary mixed commission shall be ~s~ed to examrne:-1.n consultation with the permameut advisory commiSSIOn-whether It 1s The rea~iing clerk read article 6, as follows: advisable to address an appeal to the scientific men of the world to ARTICLE VI. publish their discoveries in polson gas and similar subjects, so as to minimize the likelihood of their being used in any future war." - .No capital ship of any of the contracting powers shall carry a gun · The British, French, and Ital111n representatives agreed to ~sk Mr. With a caliber in excess of 16 inches ( 406 millimeters). Fi.sher, M. Viviani, and M. Schanzer whether they could con~mue to serve on the commission, and if not, to request them to appomt sub The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 6 is stitutes. agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. The treaty is before the Senate as The reading clerk read article 7, as follows: in Committee of the Whole and open to amendment and con ART£CLE VU. sideration article by article. Tbe total tonnage for aircraft carriers of each of the co ntracting powers ·hall not !"XCeed in standard displacement, for the United tates, The reading clerk read article 1, as follows: 135,000 tons (137,160 metric tons) ; for the British Empire, 135,000 ARTICLE I. tons (137,160 metric tons) ; for France, 60,000 tons (60, 60 metric The contractin-g powers agree to limit their respective naval arma- · tons}: for Italy, 60,000 tons (60,960 metric tons) ; for Japan, 81,000 ment as provided in the present treaty. tons (82,296 metric tons). . The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the article will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection article 7 be agreed to. i · agreed to. T.he reading clerk read article 2, as follow. : The reading clerk read article 8 as follows: ARTICLJIJ II. ARTICLE VIU. The contracting powers may retain respectively the capita I hips The replacement of aircraft carriers hall be e.tfecten only as pre which are specified in chapter 2, part 1. On the coming into force scribed in chapter 2, part 3; provided, however. that all aircraft car of the present treaty, but subject to the following provisions of this rier tonnage in existence or building on November 12 1921 shall 1.1 article, ~11 other capital ships, built or bui~ding, of the United .' tate.s, considered experimental. and may be replaced, within tti.e total tonn..'\ge the British Empire, and Japan shall be disposed of as prescrtbed 10 limit prescribed in article 7, without regard to its age. · chapter 2, part 2. . In addition to the capital ships specified in chapter 2, part 1, t he The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objeetion article 8 United States may complete and retain two ships of the West Virgini-a is agreed to. clas now under construction. On the completion of these two ship The reading clerk read article 9. as follows: the Xorth Dakota and D elaware hall be disposed of as prescribed in chapter 2, part 2. ARTICLE IX. The British Empire may, in. accordance with the replacement table in No aircraft carrier exceedin~ 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) tand 2!. 3 35,000 chapter part 1 construct two new capital ships not exceeding ard displacement shall be acqun·ed by, or constructed by. for, or within tons (35 o60 metric tons) standard displacement each. On the com the jurisdiction of, any of the contracting powers. pletion of the said two ships the Tl11mdere1·, Ki11g George V, .Aja~t, and However, any of the contracting powers n\ay, provided that its total Oentu·rion shall be disposed of as pre cribed in chapter 2, part 2. tonnage allowance of aircraft carriers is not t her-eby exceeded, build not · more than two aircraft carriers, each of a tonnage of not more The.VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the article will than 33,000 tons (33.528 meti'ic tons) tandard displacement, and iu be agreed to. order to effect economy any of the contracting powers may use for The reading clerk read article 3, as follows : this purpose any two of their ship , whether constructed or in cours ARTICLE III. of construction, which would otherwise be crapped under the provi sions of article 2. The armam~?nt of any aircraft carri rs exceetliug Subject to the provisions of article 2, the contracting power shall 27,000 tons (27,4:32 metric .ton·) standard di~placement ball b in abandon their respective capital shipbuilding program. and no new accordance with the requirements of article 10, except that the tot l capital ships shall be constructed or acquired by any of the contracting number of guns to be carried in case any of such guns lJe of • callber powers except replacement tonnage which may be constructed or ac exct>eding 6 inches (152 millimeters), exc~?pt antiaircraft guns and gu.nfl quired as specified in chapter 2, part 3. not exceeding 5 inches (127 millimeters} , hall not ex:c ed ight. Ships which are replaced in a~cordance with chapter 2, part 3, shall be disposed o:f as prescribed in part 2 of that chapter. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection article Mr. KING. I suggest the absence of a quorum. is agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll. The reading clerk read article 10. u follow ~ The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to ART[CLS X. No aircraft carrier of any of the contracting power. h ll carry a their names: gun with a caliber in excess of 8 inches (203 millimeter ) . 'ithout Ashurst Gerry Nelson Stanley prejudice to the provisions of article 9, if the armament cat·ded i n Ball Hale New Sterling cludes guns exceeding 6 inches (152 millimeters) in caliiJe t• the total Borah Harris Oddie Sutherland number of guns carried, except antiaircraft guns and guns not exceed· Broussard Harrison Overman Swanson ing 5 inches (127 millimeters), shall ~ot exceed 10. If It.ernatively Bursum Hitclreock Page Townsend the armament contains no guns exceedmg 6 inches (152 millimeters) Cameron Johnson Pepper Trammell i.n caliber, the number of guns is not limited. In either ca e t he nnm Capper Jones, Wash. Pittman Underwood ber of antiaircraft guns and. of guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 milli Colt Kellogg Poindexter Wadsworth meters) is not limited. Cummins King Pomerene Walsh. Mass. Dial Lenroot Sheppard Walsh. Mont. The PRESIDING OFFICER Without objection. urtiele 10 Edge Lodge Shields Warren is agreed to. Emst McCormick Shortridge Williams The reading clerk read article 11, as follows: Fernald McNary Simmons Willis France Moses Stanfield ARTICLE X[, Mr. SUTHERLAND. I wish to announce that the Senator No vessel of war exceeding 10.000 tons (10,160 metric tons) t nd rd displacement, other than a capital hip or aircraft carrier, ball b ~·om North Dakota [Mr. .1\lcCu:M:BER], the Senator from Utah acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the juri dicti<>n of, ny [l\1r. SMOOT], the Senator from Vermont (l\1r. DILLINGHAM], of the contracting powers. Vessels not pecifically lmilt a fighting the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. LA FoLLETTE], the Senator ships nor taken in time of peace under government control for fight ing purposes. which are.employed on fleet d~ties O!' a troop tmn~port fl - from Connecticut [l\Ir. McLEAN], the Senator from Kan a [Mr. or in some other way for the purpose of a tsting m the pro. ecution of CuRTIS], the Senator from Indiana [1\Ir. WATSON], the Senator hostilities otherwise than a fighting ships, hall not be within th from New Jersey [Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN], and the Senator from limitations of this article. rew York [1\lr. CALDER] are detained at a meeting of, the Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 11 mitree on Finance. · is agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\Ir. LENROOT in ..the chair). The reading clerk read article 12, as follows : Fifty-five Senators have answered to their names. A quorum is ARTICLE XII. present. The question is upon agreeing to article 3. 'Vithout No vessel o:f war of any of t he contracting pow~rs. h reafter la id down other 'than a capital hip, shall carry a gun with a caliber in objection, the article is agreed to. excess of 8 inches (203 millimeters). The reading clerk read article 4, as follows : The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article-12 .A.RTICLII IV. The total capital ship replacement tonnage of each of the contt·acting is agreed to. · powers shall not exceed in standard displacement, for the United States, The reading clet·k read article 13 as follows: 525,000 tons (533,400 metric tons) ; for the British Empire, 525,000 tons (533,400 metric tons) ; for France, 175,000 tons (177,800 metric ARTICLE XU[ . tons) ; for Italy, 175,000 tons (177,800 metric tons) ; for Japan, 315,000 Except as provided in article 9, no , hip de ignated in the present tons (320,040 metric tons). treaty to be scrapped may be reconverted into vessel of war. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is upon agreeing The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bjertion, article 13. to article 4. Without objection, the article is agreed to. is agi·eed. t9. • • 1922. CONGRESS! ON AL R·ECORD- SEN ATE. 4687 The reading clerk read article 14., as follmvs: · That conference wa. not called by the delegates who attended it, ARTICLE XIV. but by the Pre ident of the United States. The President of the No preparations hall be made in merchant ships in time of peace United States extended the scope of the conference beyond the for the installation of warlike armaments for the purpose of ~onv~rt three powers named, to France and Italy. Whether the Presi lng such ships into ve !':els of war, other than t?e nec_e sary '!,bffen_m~ of decks for the mounting of guns not exceedmg 6-mch (1n2 mllh dent made any effort to invite any othei' nations in or not, I meters) caliber. do not know. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 14 Of cour e, when the conference ·met it wa not within the is agreecl to. power of the delegates to the conference to invite other delegates The reading clerk read article 15, as follows: into the conference because, acting as commissioners for the ARTICLE XV. _ President of the United States, their powers were limited to the No ve. sel of wat· conNtructed within the jurisdiction of any ~f .the call that he had issued and to conferring with the nations which contracting powers for a noncontracting power shall exceed the ]Imita had been called together on the invitation of the President of tions a to displacement and armament pre cribed by the present treaty for ve sels of a similar type which may be constructed by .or for any the United tates. of the contracting power : Prodded, lwwerer, That the displaceme':'t But manifestly it did not make any difference, becau. e out for aircraft carriers constructed for a noncontracting power shall m side of the five powers which signed the treaty there are no no case exceed 27,000 tons (27 ,432 metric tons) standard di placement. nations in the world that have navies which can reasonably be The PRESIDING OlPFICER. Without objection, article 15 called navies, and there is no other nation in the world whose is agreed to. navy this Government should desire to reduce. What may hap The reading clerk read article 16, as follows: pen in the future no man can tell, but certainly there is no ARTICLE XVI. probability of any nation in the world, outside of the five na If the con truction of any ves el of war for a noncontracting power tions lVhich igned the pending treaty, building a navy that i undertakeD> within the jmisdiction of any of the contracting powers, such power shall promptly inform the other contracting powers of the would in any way rival even tbe navies of F~rance and Italy, date of the signing of the contract and the date on which the keel of who have the smallest navies of the powers which signed the the ship is Jaid, and ball also communicate to them the particulars treaty. relating to the ship prescribed in cbaptPr 2, part 3, section 1 (b), l\lr. KING. If the Senator will pardon me, to much of his (4), and (5}. tatement I agree, namely, that the President called the. e na '!'he PHESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 16 non and, of course, the delegates selected by the Pre. ident is agreed to. to represent the United States could not amplify or extend the The r ading clerk rea<.~ article ·11, a follows: invitation; but the delegate must have invited Italy and France AR~'ICLE xvu. to become parties to this naval agreement. In the ~vent of a contracting power being engaged in war, such l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Not the delegates or the commi sion- power shall n·ot use as a ves el of war any ve sel of war which may · be und er construction within its juri. diction for any other power, or ers. I believ·e .. thev are called delegates commonly, but their which ma:v have been con tructed within its jurisdiction for another commissions read as commissioners. No; they did not in\'ite power and not delivered. those nation : The Pre ident of the United States invited Italy The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 17 and France to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. is agreed to. l\Ir. KING. Oh, I understand, to the conference, but I re- 'l'he reading <.:Ierk read article 18, as follows : ferred to the treaty now before us. ARTICLE xvm. l\lr. UNDERWOOD. '.rhere were two invitations is uecl, one Each of the conti·acting power undertakes not to di pose by gift, to the four nations beside tho e nations included in the lirnita sale, or any mode of transfer of any ves ·el of war in uch a manner tion of armament, and under the President's invitation as that such ves el may become a vessel of war in the navy of any for- · eign power. agreed to by thoNe power· it was limited to those four nations '!'he PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, article 18 outside of the United States. is ag1·eed to. The other request was in reference to far eastern questions, '!'be reading clerk read article 19, a follow. : where eight other power were invited in by the President of aRTICLE xix. the United States, and their powers were limited to the far The United States, the British Empire, and Japan agree that the ea tern question . Of cour e, tho e two separate organizations status quo at the time of the signing of the present treaty with re- were working at the ame time 'vithin the scope of the invita gard to fortifications and naval bases shall be maintained in their tion which had been aceepted, and so far as the commissioners respective territories and posse sions specified hereundet· : to the conference were concerned, they had no powers in that (1) The insular posse ·>:ions which the nited States now -hold or may hereafter acqwre in the Pacific Ocean, except (a) those adjacent matter whatever. to the coast of the United ..,tates, Alaska, and the Panama Canal Zone, Mr. KING. The Senator recalls that Holland participated in not including the Aleutian Islands and (b) the Hawaiian Islands. ' the conference? (2) IIongkong and the insular posse sions which the British Empire now bold or may hereafter acquil'e in the Pacific Ocean east of the l\lr. UNDERWOOD. In the far eastern conference under the meridian of 110° east longitude. except (a) tho e adjacent to the coast invitation of the President. of Canada, (b) the Commonwealth of Australia and its territorie , and 1\fr. KING. And the Senator doubtless has perceived that the (c) New Zealand. (3) The following insular territories and possession. of Japan in representative of Holland, since his return, has been severely the Pacific Ocean, to _ wit: The,. Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, criticized because his Government was not called upon to par- Amami-O&~ima, the Loochoo Islands, Formo a, and the Pescadores, t' · t · tl f tl · th d' t t anrt any insular territori('s or possessions in the Pai!ific Ocean which 1c1pa e m 1e con erence, or, ra 1er, Ill e pen mg rea y. Japan may hereafter acquire. Mr. McCORMICK. If the Senator will permit me, he was The maintenance of the status quo under the foregoing provisions criticized becau e be did not make his Government a party to implies that no new fortifications or naval bases shall be e tablished t t in the territories and pos. e .. ion specified: that no mea ure shall be the four-power rea y. . taken to increase the existing naval facilitit's for the repair and main- 1\Ir. KING. Yes; and to the naval limitation treaty. tenance of naval forces; and that no increase shall be made in the l\Ir. 1\JcCORl\liCK. I think the Senator is mistaken. coast drfcnses of the territories and pos~eaions aboYe specified. This l\Ir. KING. '!'he Senator from Illinois bas very much infor- restriction, however, does not preclude such repait and replacement of worn-out weapons and equipment as is customary in naval and mili- mation, but he does not po se s all the springs of information. tary establi hments in time of peace. Mr. UNDERWOOD. Of course, the Senator from Utall re- Mr. KING. l\lr. President, I would like to inquire of the Sen- fers to a matter that was beyond my jurisdiction. As one of ator from Alabama [l\Ir. UNDERWOOD], the Senator from l\Iassa- the commi sioners or delegates to the conference, I bad no chusetts [l\Ir. LoDGE] not being in the Chamber at thi moment, right to extend such an invitation. The stream can not rise whether any efforts other than those referred to by the Senator higher than it.<; source, a~d when I accepted the President's from Massachusetts were made to bring other nations into the commission I and my colleagues on the American delegation naval conference with a view to ecuring an agreement upon were limited to the dutie prescribed in our instruction . Of their part to limit naval armament. course, the invitation could not have been extended by the It i clear that the treaty binds only the nations who have delegates; it must ha-ve been extended by the Nation; and we sub cribed to it. As I understand the treaty, there is no in- did not represent the Nation in that respect. hibition whateYer upon other nation , and they may engage in Mr. KING. Ir. President, if I may make one observation in • the construction of capital ships, either battleships or battle reply to a suggestion ma LXII-296 4688 CONGRESSIO~ AL RECORD-eENATE. ~.fARCH 28, cern to the United States, because when such ships were com invitation also to France and Italy. I do not say tha.t the pend pleted, though the numbe-r constructed by each nation ~ht be ing treaty is a treaty of peaee, for it is manifest that, notwith small, a crisis might arise which would drive those nat10ns to standillg the many great points for good in the treaty, when it gether. The fact that the four-power treaty, but recently rati is brought down to its last analysis the naval strength of the fied, constitutes, as many believe, an alliance, and the ot~er five powers which have joined in it is the same that it was Ia t nations may form alliances, and some nations having capttal year, relatively speaking, that their relative strength will cori- ' ship, may unite to form an alliance, or combination. Their tinue- to be the same. nanes might not constitute a menace to the United States, but There is a manifest reason for that. The subject was c re the fact that they have capital ships and continue to build them fully gone over· by the American delegates in· the beginning be· might be regarded as a cloud in the sky which might presage fore they made a proposal to the conference favoring a limita international controversies and militate against the peace of the tion of armaments. We could not have propo ed to the other world. So it does seem to me that it would haye been wise for nations that they limit their armaments and reduce their build the President at some period of the conference to have attempted ing programs because tb.ey did not need their navies; that was .to ecm·e the consent of other nations to· a policy restricting the a question that could havel been discussed for weeks and months con 'truction of capital ship . and years. We could not put it on the basis that one nation was Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. President, I think · the Senatot·'s greater than another, for they were all sovereign nations and propo ition i entirely theoretical. I think if many of the had a right to do what they pleased within ·the scope of their nations to which be refers had been invited to disarm when they national power. Our Government invit~d them here to lay had no battleships, they would have wondered why they had aside a part Of their sovereign rights by entering into a con· been summoned to the conference; and if that had been done it tract to limit the building of navie in the future. When we certainly would have taken a good deal more time to have came to seek a ba.sis, the only basis which we c uld find on worked out in this treaty the problem which Congress had laid which we might hope to reach a fa"¥orable agreement wa the down to be solved. If nations which did not have hips and did statu quo~ the amount of armament which e-ach natiQn p s not have armaments had been invited to disarm it would have se sed when. the conference met been like calling on a citizen to lay down his gun when he does That i the ba. i on which the proposal of the American Gov~ _not have a gun. Of course, however, I am not speaking of the ernment was worked out; that was the basis on which this que tion with any authority, for, as I have ,Jlid~ the commission treaty was finally agreed: upon. It involved a reduction in er to tbe conference had no authority to act in the matter. armament and a limitation of armmp.ent, and in the end it Mr. KING. Of cour ·e, the Senator fl'om Alabama will per left each one of the five nations relatively in the arne ·po ·ition, ceive tbat the call for tile conference was not limited to the con except that France and Italy have been giYen some little ad sideration of capital ships, but to all form of naval armament? vantage, due to the fact that they had not engaged in aduing 1\lr. UNDERWOOD. Of course~ when I said "capital ships" to their naval strength during the Great War. The difference I meant any fighting ships. I do not think there is a thing in their favor, bowever, is not a material one. in the propo ition advanced by the Senator from Utah except l\1r. President, I do not think that this' h·eaty is going to be a theory,. for it is quite probable that during the 15 years of a disappointment to the American people. We may di cuss and the life of this treaty no nation in the world not a party to contend and differ about the other treaties which ha.ve come be ·the treaty will have any naval armament which need be fore the Senate from the conference, but I do not believe there regarded seriously, because it takes time and it takes a great has ever been an event in American history that was hailed ~eal of money to build capital sllips; and without capital ships, with more unanimous appr.oval on the part of the American - of course, no nation could stand up an hour in battle line against people than the announcement of the American dele"ation to the the navy of any one of the powers which have joined in this conference in favor of stopping the building of battleship and treaty. armaments and a reduction of the navies of the world, involv ~Ir .. KING. This treaty places no limitations whatever upon ing, of course, a reduction in the cost of building and mainte the construction and use for war purposes of submarines? nance. Irrespective of party, irrespective of class or clan, from Mr. UNDERWOOD. Undoubtedly, it does riot the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, a wave of approval 1\lr. KING. It places no limitations whatever upon ail·craft swept over the country; and, in my judgement, o far a this as a weapon in war? naval treaty is concerned, that approval. still remain in the :Mr. UNDERWOOD. l\1r. President, I should be glad if the hearts and minds of the American people. And it is an accom Senator from Utah would ask his questions all at one time, for plishment, l\1r. President, not so much because of the reduction I do not care to be getting up and down, though I am glad in the number of battleships, not so much because of the details to answer them. Of course, the Senator knows just as well as of the proposal, but it is· one of the greatest accomplishments I do, for he has read the treaty, that there is no limitation on in the history of the world that such an agreement has been ubmarines, because the conferees were unable to agree to a reacb.ed by great nations. This treaty, which the Senate of limitation on submarines. It was not because we did not want the United States will probably ratify to-day, is a milestone in to agree but because we could not reach such an agreement the hi tory of the wo.rld. There is no limitation on aircraft as sueh~ yet there is a limita For ages past men have talked about laying aside the sword, tion on aircraft carriers, which for naval pm-poses limits the alwut reducing armaments, about lifting the burden of the amount of aircraft that may be used. bayonet and the soldier from the backs of the mas es of the Mr. KING. 1\.fr. President, I wanted to lend emphasis to the people, but nothing looking toward a realization of that great matter by having the Senator from Alabama answer my ques- end has ever been done by international agreement One nation -tion singly, not en bloc. It is obvious that some of the good may have reduced its armament and another increa ed its people of the United States Who tbink that the ratification of armament,. but for the first time in the history of the world this treaty will bring about the millennium and will, in a naval five nations, great in their naval power and armament, have sense, completely disarm all of the powers signatory to the met together and not only agreed to reduce the.iJ: armament, heaty, are mi taken. I venture to assert that there will be not only agreed to~ lift that burden of taxation from their peo great activity on the part of many nations in the construction ple, but they have agreed to a naval holiday of 10 year·, in of ubrnarine.s and airplanes and other naval weapons and in which no bnildin~ hall be done with the exception of replace struments of naval warfare. ment ships; that for 10 years they shall cea e to arm and l\fr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. President, I do not desire to take threnten each other by continual increases in their naval e tab-· up the time of the Senate,· but I have a few words to say in lishments~ reference to the pending treaty. The Senator from Utah has 1\Iore than that, while the aetual aving flo"wving from this given me the opportunity to say them now. treaty in reduced appropriation for this year or next year The Senator from Utah tates-l do not know whethe1· he may not be very great, yet there will be many hundTeds of mil stat ~?s it in the way of an objection to the treaty or not-that the lions of dollars saved to the American people in the years to people of the United Stutes are going to be very much disap- come if this treaty goes into effect. • pointed in the treaty because it does not prevent in the future Had we continued the program of 1916 upon which we had the building of all types of naval vessels. M.r~ President, I entered and then continued the program of 1918, which Con think that one of. the great acts of Congress, and one which his gres had ordered, we would have piled the lippropriations up tmy will record as one of the mileposts in the pro-gre s of c-ivi into the hundred · and hundreds of millions, if not billion , of lization, was the passage of a joint resolution by the Senate of dollars before we had carried out tho e programs ; and we would the United States, which wa finally pa sed by Congres , re :have forced the otll.er great powers to have taken imilar action questing the President of the United States to call a conference o-r lo e their position of naval stren(Tth. As a result of the con of the three great naval powers-the British Empire, Japan, and ference, tlie only five nation. posse ing naval armament, after the United' States-looking to a limitation of armament J me-eting to I think this treaty is a dotulllent of which th~ Congress of to which I lla ,.e referred, an 1\Ir. EDGE. I wisll to ask the Senator from fontana a ques charged with the fo.rmulation of plans lookin.,. to a ""t>neral reuuction tion. I under ·tood him to say that the resolution originally of armam~ts, for su.bmis ion to the several"' Gover~ments for their pa ·e as an amendment to the naval appropriation bill then again armament to the extent practically of capital ships; that it vending in th·e Senate. · · · · · ·· · 1vas not able to make any reduction in the submarine equip Now, up to that time it was well understood that President ment of navies; and that its efforts have been ·o crippled and Huecling's administration wa oppo ed to this plan of a con thwarted by the opposition of special interests. . Nevertheless a fer nee for the reduction of armament. The influence of the gre~t step forward has been taken. · We are all ready to vote adruini tra tion was used in the House of Representatives during for the treaty; but we want it distinctly under tood that the the con illeration of that bill, and it was sufficient to prevent initiative of this step was Democratic and that its great suc the incorporation of such a provision in the bill by the House cess was due finally to the courageous struggle made by the of Representatives. • Senator from Idaho, which resulted in forcing upon an un Finally, on the 13th day of 1\Iay, as I recall it, the Senator willina administration the calling of the disarmament con from Maine [l\ir. IlALE] openly stated upon the floor of the ference. Senate that as a result of conversations with the President and I think, l\fr. President, it would have been possible, if an a. a member of the Committee on Naval .Affairs he felt justified early effort had been made, to secure not only naval di armament in saying that Pre... :ident Harding was opposed to the amend but some land disarmament. Certainly the League of Nations ment being inserted in · the naval appropriation bill and oppo ed has undertaken to bring about not only naval disarmament but to having Congre · direct him to call a disarmament confer land disarmament. Its progress has not been great as yet, and I ence in Wa hington. I think that will be found in the RECORD noticed the Senator from Mas ·achusetts rather gloated O\er the on May 13. fact that it has not yet succeeded in going very far in that work. Mr. EDGE. Has tlle Senator the exact language before him It does not, howe-rer, lie in our mouths to criticize the League used by t11e Senatot· from Maine in making the statement to of Nations for its failure to accomplish its object . We re which he refers? mained out of the League of Nations, and when the Washington Mr. HARRISON. If the Senator from Nebraska will permit conference was called it was called purely to consider the ill(:', I houlcl like to read the exact language. problems of the Pacific Ocean and not the problems of the Mr. EDGE. I hould like to have the exact language, as it world. In calling the conference and in its subsequent proceed ha been referred to. " ings many nations wei·e e:x:cluded from participation. No effort Mr. HITCHCOCK. I hall be glad if the Senator from 1\Ii - was made to bring about a reduction of the great armaments of si.s ..,ippi will read it. Europe. 1\fr. HARRISON. On May 13, 1921, I think at several places The world to-day is not suffering from naval armament to the junior Senator from Maine [Mr. HALE] made such a state anything like the same extent that it is suffering from land ment. At one place in the RECORD he said: armament. To-day upon European soil there are maintained by Mr. HALE. I stated that my impression, after talking with the Presi such nations as France and Poland and Italy and Great Britain dent, was that he consider4:'d that this is not the time to go ahead with millions of men. Their numbers should be greatly reduced. a resolution of this kind. Of course, the Senator realizes that our for e-ign reJations at the present time are extremely delicate and that the One great reason why the recuperation of Europe is so slow, country at large i looking to the President to straighten out those for one great reason why rehabilitation has made such little prog eign relation . ress in Europe to-day is because of the enormou armie which At another place on the same page of the RECORD he said: are there maintained. France, at the present time, as we have been told time and again, is maintaining an army of over 700,000 Mr. HALE. I will ay that I went to see the President with tbe Sena tor ft·om Washington, and we talked ovet• the question of disarmament, men. The German people can do nothing a they are under a and I gathered from what was said there that the President thought it most crushing defeat, struggling as they are with impossible was not necessary for Congress to g:o ahead in this way with a re olu reparations to pay, are compelled to cripple them elves till tion a ·king for disarmament. further by paying for that enormou army, a large part of which Mr. HITCHCOCK. Nevertheless, the Senator from Idaho, is an army of occupation on German soil. • in cooperation with Senators on this side of the aisle, pressed we· should, in my opinion, ha-re cooperated with the other na the Idea of incorporating in the naval appropriation bill a de tions of the world in European matters. It may be all right .mand for a disarmament conference here in Washington, and for us to form a little combination in the waters of tlle Pacific notwithstanding the opposition of the administration, it was final Ocean to secure a peaceful settlement of possible dispute , uut ly announced in the newspapers of Washington that the Presi the great thing for the United States to do i to join with ' the dent had abandoned hi position, and when the Senator from other nations of the world for universal di armament. The Idallo pre ed hi amendment to a vote here in the Senate it great opportunity for the United States is to join the other was agreed to, as I recall, with only four dissenting votes. At nations which are trying to rehabilitate Europe. It is Europe ·the same time the House of Representatives had adopted a in which we are interested. Our Interests in the Pacific Ocean motion to allow a separate vote upon this question, which was and on the Asiatic coast are absolutely insignificant ~mpnred then in conference. ·when put to a vote in the House of Repre with our tremendous interests in Europe. sentative , it carried by a majority of 330 to 4. The result of Mr. President, from what i this country suffering to-day? that action of Congress was that on the 10th of July the State We are in the mid. t of one of the most terrible depressions Department announced that invitations would soon be ent to which have ever atfl.icted us. Four or five million men are out foreign countries to join in the conferep.ce to be held in Wash of work ; last year there wa · a record of 8,000 commercial ington ; and they were ent during the following month. failures in the United States ; and there are going to ue oYer 1\Ir. President, I have briefly recited these facts of history 12,000 failures this year, the gt·eatest number in the hi tory of for the purpose of showing that the genesis of this idea was the country. We are ·uffering because to-day we are not able Democratic; that it was initiated in the House of Representa to sell our urplu products. Our copper mines in the We t are tives; that it was followed up in December, 1920, by the activ still closed and tens of thou ands, yes, hundreds of thousands, ity of the Senator from 1\Iontana [Mr. \VALSH], and three days of men are out of work on that account. In the cotton fields thereafter was taken up by the courageous Senator from Idaho of the South there are probably five or ix million bales of [Mr. BoRAH], who finally, by a determined fight lasting over cotton of last 3·ear's crop still unsold in the warehou e; mort week and months, with Democratic support, compelled the ad gaged for more than they will sell for ; our manufacturing in mini tration to abandon its oppo ition to the idea and to call stitution , which have a capacity to produce $2.000,000,000 th di armament conference, against which, with determina more of manufactured good than the American I eople can tion, it had set its face for many weeks. consume, are not able to ·ell their surplus; they are worldng ML'. Pre ident, I have said thi much in order that the facts but 50 per cent of their capacity and are reducing the wages and the tatements introduced in the address by the Senator of their employee from quarter to quarter. Our railroads, from Mas..., achusetts [Mr. _LonGE] this morning mar not be which ought to be carrying the great commerce of the country, taken a. a conclusive showing of the great achie'lements of this are scarcely able, ~ith their greatly reduced freight and pa - admini tration at the disarmament conference. w·e are all senger traffic, to pay their fL~ed charges in man.r ca ·es, not ready to vote for the ratification of the treaty, as I understand, withstanding the fact that freight rates and pa ..· sen l\lr. WALSH of l\lontana. Mr. President-- 1\lr. LODGE pre ·ented a re ·olution of the City Council of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Indiana Fitchburg, .Mas .. favoring the enactment of the soldiers· com yield to the Senator from Montana ? pensation bill, which was referred to the Committee on Finaqce. 1\Ir. NE'\V. Ye . He also presented a resolution adopted by the Board of AldeL· Mr. WALSII of l\fontana. This has not heretofore been found men of the city of Holyoke, Mass., favoring modification of the necessary with reference to the appropriation for road work in eighteenth amendment to the Con titution of the United State. Alaska, ha it? so as to allow the manufacture and ale of beers and light wine l\lr. NEW. I do not know that it has, but it is now ·aid to be which wa referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. ' nece~ sary. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Mr. 1YALSH of Montana. That is what I want to know. I can -rery readily understand that the season being o short in Mr. PAGE, from the Committee on Naval Affait' , to which Alaska, work mu t be begun promptly if it is to be done at all; was referred tbe bill (H. R. 7415) to correct and amend the but while I have erved on the committee for many years, I service and military record of Herbert Langley, United State do not remember that we were ·ever before called upon to ap. Marine Corp , reported it without amendment and "ubmitted a ticipate in that way the appropl'iations for a fi cal year, and I report (No. 580) thereon. · wa · wondering what are the peculiar circum tances which l\lr. NEW, from the Committee on Territories and Insular Po · uO'gest that cour e at thi time. ., ession . to which were referred the following bill and joint Mr. NEW. I do not know that it wa ever a ked for before, resolution, reported them everally without amendment and but I do know that the tatement made now i that they need submitted reports thereon: A bill (H. R. 8460) to authorize the occupation and u ·e of . certain f~bricated material, which ha to be made here in .the United States and delivered there in time to be u ed during certain lands in Ala ka by Ketchikan Po t, No. 3, American th working ea on on tho e roads, and thi i to enable them Legion, and for other purpo. es (Rept. No. 581) ; · to get it. That co:pdition may not have exi ted neretofore. A .bill . (H. R. 8690) to add a certain tract of land on the ·l\lr. WALSH of l\lontana. Of cour e the enator will appre i land of Hawaii to the Hawaii National Park (Rept. No. 582) ; ciate that that i a condition that ha always existed. and .. l\lr. NE,V. It may have. As to what has happened in times A joint re olution (H. J. Res. 249) authorizing the Secretary pru;t, I can not say. of the Interior to donate and grant certain buildin(Ts in Alaska The PRESIDING OFFICER. I there objection to the pres to the Woman'. Home 1\li sionary Society of the Methodi t ent consideration of the joint resolution? Epi copal Church (Rept. No. 583). There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the FORT M ' HE -ny (MD.) RE ERVATION. Wlwle, proceeded to con iller the joint resolution. Air. FR~~CE introduced a bill ( S. 3349) to amend the act The joint re olution wa reported to the enate without approved 1\lay 26, 1914, entitled "An act authorizing the Secre amendment, ordered to a thit·d reading, read the third time, tary of \\ar to grant the u e of the Fort McHenry Military and pas ed. Re.-ermtion, in the State of Maryland, to the mayor and City As in legi lative session, Council of Baltimore, a municipal corporation of the State of PETITIONS AND :M"E.MORIALS. 1\larylnnd, making certain provisions in connection therewith, providing accesoc· to and from the site of the new immigration 1\Ir. l\lcLEAN pre ented a petition of member of the Bridge station heretofore . et a ide," to provide for the restoration of port (Conn.) Chamber of Commerce, praying for the passage Fort McHenry and it permanent pre ervation a a national of Hou e bill 10622, authorizing the Secretarie of War and of park and perpetual national memorial shrine as the birthplac the Navy to loan, i sue, or ell urplus equipment to the Boy of the immortal Star-Spangled Banner, written by F).'ancis Scouts of America, which was referred to the Committee on Scott Key, for the appropriation of the nece ary fund , and for Naval Affairs. · other purposes. which wa read twice by it title. He also pre ented a memorial of sundry citizens of Hebron, l\lr. FRANCE. I ubmit a statement explanatory of the bill, Amston, Leonard Bridge, and South Coventry, all in the State which I a k may be printed in the RECORD in 8-point type, to of Connecticut, protesting against the enactment of legisJation gether with the bill, and both referred to the Committee on providing for compul ory unday ob en·ance in the District of Military Affair·. · Columbia, which was referred to the Committee on the District There being no objection, the bill and accompanying "' t~tement of Columbia. were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and ordered He al o pre ented the petition of 39 leading manufac to be printed in tile RECORD in 8-point type, as follow : turing companie of l\leriden, Conn., praying for the prompt A bill (S. 3349) to amend the act appt·oved May 26, 1914, entitled enactment of protective tariff law based on American valua "An act authorizing the • ecretary of War to grant the u ·e of th a Fort McHenry Militat·y Reser-vation, in the tate of Maryland, to the tion. , which was referred to the Committee on Finance. mayor and city council of Baltimore, a. municipal corporatioft of the He al o pre ented resolutions of Che hire Grange, No. 23 and State of Maryland making certain provisions in. connection therewith, Ekonl{ Grange, No. 89, Patrons of Husbandry, of Cheshire and providing acre!\ to and from the ite of the new immigration tation heretofore Eet aside ., · to provide for the re tor a tion of Fot·t Mc Moo up, respectively, in the State of Connecticut, favoring Henry and it pet·manent presenation a a national park a.nd p r avoidance of the impending coal trike by means of conference petual national memorial shrine a the birthplace of tbe immortal and arbitration, whicfi. were referred to the Committee on Edu StaL'-• pangled Banner, written by Francis cott Key, for the appro cation and Labor. priation of the necessary funds, aBd for otbet• purpo es. He also presented a petition of member of Lincoln Council, Be it enacted etc .. That the act approved May 26, 1914, en No. 4, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, of Water titled ''An act authorizing the Secretary of War to grant the bury, Conn., favoring the passage of more stringent immigra u e of the Fort McHE-nry Military Reservation, in the State of tion and naturalization law , and also the ~rea.tion of a depart ::Uaryland, to the mayor and city council of Baltimore. a mu ment of education, which wa referred to the Committee on ·uicipal corporation of the State of l\1aryland, making certain Immigration. provi ions in connection therewith, providing acce s to and 1\lr. FERNALD presented memorials of sundry citizen of from the site · of the new immigration station heretofore et Wilton, Dryden Weld, and Jay, all in the State of Maine, remon a ide." be, and hereby is, amended to read as follow : strating again t the enactment of legi lation providing for com "That the ecretary of War be, and he i hereby, authorized pul..;ory unday observance in the District of Columbia. which and directed, o ·oon as it may no longer be neeued for u ·e were referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. and needs growing out of the recent war, to begin the restont l\Ir. SIMMONS pre ented re olution of Nancy Carr Council, tion of Fort McH nry, in the State of Maryland, now occupied No. 29, of Durham. and General Green Council, No. 20, of and u ed a a military re erYation, including the restoration Greensboro, Son and Daughters of Liberty, in the State of of the old Fort McHeury proper to the condition in which it North Carolina, favoring the enactment of legi. lation creatin(J' was on the 1 t of September, 1814 and to place the whole of a department of education. which were referred to the Com- aid mil i:.u ry reservation in such a condition as would make it mittee on Education and Labor. - uitable for preservation })ermanently a a national park a.ud Mr. WILLIS presented a petition of the Central Labor Union perpetual national memorial shrine as the birthplace of tl..~. of Chillicothe, Ohio, praying for the pa sage of House bill immortal Star- pangleu Banner, written by Francis Scott Key; 9691, providing for the creation of Federal local option district , and that the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, further etc., and for the manufacture and ale of light wines and beer , authorized and directeu, a are hi ucce ors, to hold the ai more was picked to be his winter headquarters and a logical ·How tbe hearts of the patriots beat· as, helpless to gi"re the ba e for further operations north, south, or west. alarm, they saw this strategy under way with eveTy prospect Early on Sunday morning: September 11, the alarm was of success. In attempting to effect a landing, bowevet·, the sounded through the streets of Baltimore. The British fleet expeditionary force struck lights and these lights cost it a pos had entered the Patapsco River. The cannon boome . l'PPER WATER BATTERY. . · • · uniquely historic point on the Atlan~ic coat. and most cele· Sodding. grading, repairing wall ·, and· mngazine doot·s------___ : $n. O(IO urated in the sou~s of the Nation, ltOuld be recognized by the ROADS. Government it ·aYe NAVAL ARUA.YENT TREATY. to restore confidence, to encourage ae-:riculture, and to encour Th St>nate, as in Committee of the Whole and in open execu age busine s, and while we can not do everything by legislation, tive session, resumed the consideration of the treaty between undoubtedly it has had a great effect in the restoration of con the United States, the British Empire, France, Italy, .and Japan, · fiden"ce and in the betterment of bu iness conditions throughout agreeing to a limitation of naval .armament. the country .. Mr. KELLOGG. 1\:Ir. Presi-dent, I am col11]_)elled to leave the l\.Ir. WILLIAMS. 1\lr. President, some of these "plens in city at 6 o'clock, and I ask the indulgence of the Senate for confession and avoidance" made on the other side of the about 5 or 10 minutes on the pending treaty. Chamber would be very amusing if they were not illustrations I am very glad to beru· the announcement by the distin~shed of " lame and impotent conclusions." The Senator from Min Senator from Nebraska and other Senators on the other s1de of nesota [Mr. KELLoGG] has just aid that the League of Nations the Chamber that they are prepared, practically unanimously, has done nothing. The junior Senator from Texas [Mr. SIIEP to vote to ratify this treaty. I congratulate them. The Senator PARD] 1;0me time ago made a Tathe.r convincing statement of from Nebraska, however, while he is perfectly willing that the what the League of Nations 11ad done. treaty shall be ratified, and thinks it is something of an _accom lli. KELLOGG. Mr. President, I said it had done nothing plishment, wishes to place the credit where it belongs, and does toward disarmament. not want the credit to go to the Presinent. l\1r. WILLLU1S. Ob, toward disarmament. Neither has Mr. President, let us ratify the treaty. Let history take. ~re anybody else, except toward disarmament at sea, and the dan of the credit. I am perfectly willing to give to the ·d1 tin ger of wal' is not coming from a ea power at all. It never bas. It guished Senator from Idaho ~Ir. "BoRAH] all t;he credit th~t has ~orne from armed forces on land, and when the Senator he is entitled to, . and I concede that he is entitled to credit. is boasting about this little halfway measure he becomes amus ing. It is good as far as it goes, and I voted for it, and I am I am perfectly willing to give the distinguis~ed Senator fr?m 1 lt Montana [1\lr. W .ALSR] the credit of. advocating tile resolutiOn glad was able to do so,....because was a new point of de for callino- a disarmament conference; but when it is stated parture towaTd disarmament on the element where armament that the President was opposed to disarmament, I beg to dis c.;m be used in war. France has not clisa1·med, and Italy has a(J'ree with the distinguished Senator. I know that he was not disarmed. The only parts of the world which have 4702 .' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE! ]filCH 28, cloak of civilization, every treaty obligation, every Hague convention, of the in.dependent crude cotton oil mills. These two States are now every rule of what was called " civilized" warfare, if, indeed, there is for a tanff ~n vegetable oils, with duties as lrigh as provided in pre:ent such a thing. emergency blil. Many mills who wet·e at New Orleans meeting, the re Here we have evidence not to be disregarded that the mos-t solemn SJI;lts of whicb are the present bi'ief submitted to the Finance Com treaties, the most binding engagements, al'e indeed but scraps of papel' mittee by the Interstate Cottonseed Crushers' Association, have changed when they stand in the way of national ambition or national lust for their minds and feel they were misled by the importers, exporters and dominion. what are known as the larger interests in the bu iness. ' The crowning atrocity came on April 22, 1915, when the Germans ".Th.e organized fa~met·s have demanded tariff on vegetable oils. loosed in front of Ypres the first cloud of poisonous gas against the T~err mterests are pnmary and they deserve protection against cheap unprotected enemy and introduced into warfare a new element that onental vegetable fats, and if they are placed on the free list the price made it more brutal and mol'e bestial than ever before. of an fats produced in tills country will be materially lowered. There If we read the history of all warfare with attention we hall find, I bas been a paid propaganda. against the tariff, amply financed, but none tbink, that such was the inevitable outcome-tbe ultimate expression ~or it because of the disorganized and impoverished condition of the of brutality. Our ancestors of the jungle days fought with clubs and mdependent crude cottonseed oil mills. Hope Finance Committee will stones, leading the way to the deadlier spear and sword, the bow, and grant proper duties to protect the Amerkan farmer and the independent finally to gunpowder and all the tr·ain of modern high explosives, cul crude cotton oil industry." · minating as regal'ds the latter, in 1878 when Alfred Nobel, the . w. A. BENNETT, founder of peace prizes, made his fame and his fortune by dissolving President Temas Cottonseed, Oru.. shm·s' Association guncotton in nitroglycerine and thus fathering the whole tribe of nitro ana oWtter of mills at Seymott1' and Jacksboro, Tem. gen derivatives, which rept:esent the acme of deadly etfectivenes.. The Eo WOODALL, introduction of chlorine, phosgene, mustard gas, the sternutators, the• President mills at Hill,sboro, Grandview, Hubbard, lachrymators, and all the rest of the wretched family was_but another Mount Oalm, ana Frost, Te:». step in the horrid evolution of means of destruction. J. S. LJ:CLliJRQ, They shocked the world, they brought undying opprobrium on the General Manager Dallas Oil & Refinir~g Oo., Dallas, Te:». name of Germany, but they were used none the less, and the only pos · L. R. Mu 'GER, sible defense was retaliation in kind. General Manager mills at Mea:ia, Teague, and Wortham, Te:», If the world retains its armaments, its fighting tools, we shall see E. R. CALLIER, another war just as surely as the sun will rise to-morrow morning, and ]?resident Trinity Cotton Oa Co., Dallas, Tex. the imagination fails when one attempts to picture its horrors. , J. w. SlliJIIO~S, It eems to me that there is but one remedy-disarmament-and this General Ma11,ager milLs at Sweetwatet·, Quanah, and Hamlin. It .J. A. UNDJilRWOOD~ may prove a partial failure. is, none the less, the only thinkable Mill,s at Honey Grove ancl Wolfe vitu, Tem. remedy, and most assuredly the only one upon which we may couat B. W. COUCH, with any confidence for results. We will admit at the very outset that President mills at Fort Wm'th and Taylot·, Te:». certain police forces are necessary, both on land and sea, but national c. c. LIT'l'LliiTON, armament should stop just there. I believe if the five or six great General Managet· mills at Fort W01·th, Gainesville, world powers agree to the measures or limitation propo ed by the Whitesbo1·o, Weather(orcl, and No-cona, Te:». Pre. ident, to whom the credit of the great idea is solely due, we will W. F. Plil DLETON, have erected the one possible barrier against future war. If the nations fail to come to such agre·ement, we can but prepare for another out General Manager mills at Farme·rsville, Oelina, and Munday, Te:». break, and possibly before we and the W()rld are many years older. I said a moment ago tbat even disarmament might not avail to save DALLAS, TEX., March 21, 1922. our civilization, and in making that statement I am well within the facts. I have bad opportunit:y within the week to examine the advance MORRIS SHEPPARD, sheets of a wol'k not yet published in tbis country, "The Riddle of the United States Senate, Wa.sl!ingtott, D. 0.: Rhine," written by Maj. Victor Lefebure, of the British Army-and I Am advised that renewed efforts are being made to put vegetable am free to confess that the author bas shaken my faith, even in dis oils on- free list. Texas farm bureau, our cotton associAtion, and other armament. He was one of the lead&s in the British chemical warfare agricultural interests believe that it would be rank discrimination to divisions, and he points out the deadly fact that any organic chemical force our farmers to compete with oriental producers of vegetable oils industry can be turned overnight into an arRenal for the production when manufacturing interests are protected by tariff. . Om· once prom of every deadly gas. We know that when he United States was drawn ising peanut industry bas beE'n practically destroyed by such competi into the World War we realized the importance of this subject speedily, tion. Please present our views to Senate C()mmittee and others in and we know also that just before the armistice was signed Profess9r position to help. · Lewis, of Northwestern University, was manufacturing at the rate of JOHN T. ORR, 10 tons per day at tbe "Mousetrap," near· Cleveland. a gas so deadly President Tea:a-s Farm Bureau Fetteration. that it broke new ground entirely. Its composition bas not been dis closed-pray God it will never be-but we have the positive assurance DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVE LUCIAN WALTON PARRISH. of men who know that it exceeded in deadliness anything that even the fertile deviltry of the Germans bad been able to invent up to that time. A message from the House of Representatives, by 1\Ir. Over The trouble of ,this whole wretched business is that the very same hue, its enrolling clerk, communicated to the Senate the intelli elementary substances that our chemists combine to form dyes, medi cines, synthetic perfumes, yes, even synthetic foods, are the fountain gence of the death ,Of Hon_. LUCIAN WALTON PARRISH, · late a stones of the manufacture of lethal gases, and the plant which to-day is Representative from the State of Texas, and transmitted the turning out indigo or cocaine or attar of roses can to-morrow be making resolutions of the House thereon. poison gas, with hardly a cl}ange in equipment. Synthetic chemistry is the greatest blessing the world has known for The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\fr. MosEs in the chair). The many a century, but it is a Janus-like creature. It has blessings in one Chair lays before the Senate resolutions from the House of hand, cur es in the other ; with one face it looks to making our lives Representatives, which will be reacl. pleasant and more comfortable because less laborious, with the other it looks to the v&y dissolation of our civilization; I might say to its com The resolutions of the House of Representatives were read, as plete obliteration, for it is certain that another great war would be follows: strictly a chemical war, in which the casualties would be counted by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRBSBNTATIVES OF THil UNITilD STATES, computing the number of men engaged. March 28, 1922. I confe!Os this is painting a gloomy picture, but anyone who will do a few hours' reading can verify the fact for himself. As representa Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the tives of one of the learned professions, I ask you to look into thi phase death of Ron. LUCIAN WALTON PARRISH, a Representative from the ()£ the subject, which, I confess, was new to me until a very short time State of Texal'l. ago. Resolved, That the Clerk. communicate these resolutions to the Senate Be all these things as they may, we must agree that some measure and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. of limiting armaments offers the only possible escape from a terrible Resolved, That as a further mark of respect, this House do now condition, and we must join, irrespective of our political affiliations adjourn. in giving credit where credit is due-in this case to our honored Presi: Mr. SHEPPARD. 1\Ir. President, it becomes my sad duty to dent, Warren G. Harding, whose powerful mind sketched out the first completely practicahle method of avoiding the thing that bas cursed announce to the Senate the death of Representative LuciAN humanity from its earliest history and which, unless checked, can not W ALroN P A.RBISH, of Texas. He was a man of splendid achieve be prevented from destroying what humanity bas toiled for reons to ments, of high promise, representing the best type of American build up. Should not we, the E-xponents of a profession of peace, one which citizenship. At some later date I shall call the attention of the depends for its very existence on stability and tM1 civiHzation, put be Senate at greater length to his life and career. hind our President and his advisers every ounce of energy and of effort that we can bring to bear on the issue? I offer the following resolutions and ask for their adoption. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolutions submitted by TARIFF ON VEGETABLE OII.S. the Senator from Texas will be read. Mr. SHEPPARD. 1\lr. President, as in legislative session, I The resolutions ( S. Res. 261) were read, considered by unani ask to have in erted in the RECORD without reading two tele mous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : gram.· on the subject of a tariff on vegetable oils. Resolved, That the Senate has heard with pr-ofound sorrow the an There being no objection, the telegrams were ordered to be nouncement of the death of !Jon. LUCIAN WALTON PARRISH, late a Repre entative from the State of Texas. printed in the RECORD, as follows : Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the DALLAS, TEX., March £1, 1922. House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of Hon. MORRIS SHEPPARD, . the deceased. , Senate Office Buildi11g, Washington, D. 0.: Resol~ed, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the Please deliver the following telegram to Senators MCCUMBER, WAT deceased the Senate do now take a recess till 12 o'clock meridian to SON of Indiana, Cunns of Kansas, and SIMMONS of North Carolina, morrow. members of the Finance Committee, also to Senator GOODING, chairman of we tern tariff bloc, immediately : In accordance with the third resolution the Senate, in open "The emergency vegetable oil tariff has saved cotton-oil industry from executive session (at 5 o'clock and 15 minutes p. rn.), took a di&'lster and bas given the f;Outbern farmers $8 per ton additional for cotton ~>ecd for past crop. aggregating $25.000,000. Texas and Okla recess until to-monow, Wednesday, March 29, 1922, at 12 o'clock boma Cotton eed Cru her ' A sociation both. on record and 80 per cent meridian.