Medieval Spain

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Medieval Spain Medieval Spain Medieval Spain Culture, Conflict, and Coexistence Studies in Honour of Angus MacKay Edited by Roger Collins and Anthony Goodman Editonal matter and selection © Roger Collins and Anthony Goodman 2002 Chapters 1–14 © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-79387-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-42000-1 ISBN 978-1-4039-1977-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403919779 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data Medieval Spain : culture, conflict, and coexistence/edited by Roger Collins and Anthony Goodman p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Spain—Civilization—711–1516. I. Collins, Roger, 1949- II. Goodman, Anthony, 1936- DP99 .M34 2002 946’.02—dc21 2002022085 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Contents Introduction: Angus MacKay and the History of Later Medieval Spain vii Roger Collins A Bibliography of Angus MacKay’s contributions to the subject xvii Anthony Goodman Notes on the Contributors xxii 1 Continuity and Loss in Medieval Spanish Culture: the Evidence of MS Silos, Archivo Monástico 4 1 Roger Collins 2 Traitors to the Faith? Christian Mercenaries in al-Andalus and the Maghreb, c. 1100–1300 23 Simon Barton 3 Jews and Moors in the Siete Partidas of Alfonso X the Learned: a Background Perspective 46 Robert I. Burns 4 Trading with the ‘Other’: Economic Exchanges between Muslims, Jews, and Christians in Late Medieval Northern Castile 63 Teofilo F. Ruiz 5 Catalina of Lancaster, the Castilian Monarchy and Coexistence 79 Ana Echevarria 6 Alonso de Cartagena’s Libros de Seneca: Disentangling the Manuscript Tradition 123 N.G. Round 7 Laus Urbium: Praise of Two Andalusian Cities in the Mid-Fifteenth Century 148 Brian Tate 8 Peace and War on the Frontier of Granada. Jaén and the Truce of 1476 160 Manuel González Jiménez 9 Songbooks as Isabelline Propaganda: the Case of Oñate and Egerton 176 Dorothy Severin v vi Contents 10 Court Poets at Play: Zaragoza, 1498 183 Ian Macpherson 11 Conversion in Córdoba and Rome: Francisco Delicado’s La Lozana Andaluza 202 John Edwards 12 The Making of Isabel de Solis 225 José Enrique López de Coca 13 The Conquest of Granada in Nineteenth-Century English and American Historiography 242 Richard Hitchcock Introduction: Angus MacKay and the History of Later Medieval Spain Roger Collins Amongst the leading British hispanists of recent decades, Angus Mackay is exceptional, not so much because he was trained as a historian as in the fact that he has passed his entire scholarly career in university departments of History; principally that of the University of Edinburgh. For most readers this may hardly seem a paradox. Where else, it might be asked, would you expect to find a historian of Later Medieval Spain, especially one of such eminence? However, it has been one of the peculiarities of British universities that very few history departments have felt able to include hispanists in their ranks. In consequence, a surprisingly large number of the most outstanding British his- torians of Later Medieval Spain have made academic homes for themselves in departments of Spanish language and literature or of Hispanic Studies (that is, including Portuguese). Put another way, this has meant that many of the best known scholars of Later Medieval Spanish literature in the British Isles are by training historians, and are as happy to devote themselves to historical as to literary researches. This, it may be thought, has resulted in a very fruitful fusion of two disciplines that ought to be closely linked, but that in many other areas and periods of cultural study are all too often kept artificially sepa- rated. It could be argued that this has been one of the great strengths of British medieval hispanism over the past half century or more. This may seem a round-about way of starting an encomium, but the partic- ular circumstances described, which have affected the nature of the study of Later Medieval Spain in British universities, may help to explain something of the career, writings, and achievement of Angus MacKay. Thus, it should be added that the reasons why departments of history have not found much room for medieval hispanists are not the result of prejudice, so much as a reflection of the limited role that any Spanish dimension, with few excep- tions, has been allowed to play in most British school and university syllabus- es. This in turn reflects something of the dead hand of a tradition that, unthinkingly, regarded southern Britain (excluding Wales), northern France, the Rhineland, and Italy from Rome northwards as the only parts of medieval Europe in which significant events occurred in the medieval centuries, or which had worthwhile contributions to make to the development of European civilization. To this may be added another, more pragmatic factor, in the form of the lim- ited availability of works in English on the history of Spain in this period. vii viii Angus MacKay and Later Medieval Spain However, it is one of the achievements of Angus MacKay and his generation of hispanists that this second reason is no longer a valid one. There now exist more books and articles written in English on Later (and Earlier) Medieval Spain, as well as English translations of original Latin and Spanish texts, than there are comparable items to be found that relate to the history of France or Germany in the same period. One consequence of this is that there are now really no excuses for Spanish medieval (and modern) history not to take its appropriate place in the curriculum. The situation outlined here so briefly, if perhaps a little provocatively, might have been expected to have resulted in something of a chicken and egg quandary. If little or no Spanish medieval history was being taught in Britain, how would anyone become a Spanish medieval historian, and thus write the books that should make it possible for Spanish medieval history to become teachable? There must be strong reasons or particular circumstances that enabled potential historians of Spain to defy the logic of this argument, and emerge as fully fledged hispanists. So, it is not unreasonable to wonder how Angus came to be the kind of scholar that he is. In his particular case, it would at least be fair to suggest that his birth in Peru in 1939, where his father was then working for the British Council, may have given him an interest in, and certainly provided a close acquaintance with Hispanic language and culture, even if not of a medieval kind. In particular, the passing of several formative years in South America equipped him with a more than enviable command of the Spanish language, not just academically but also at the level of the street. To this would be added in the 1960s a thor- ough submersion in the Spanish of Spain, while he was there carrying out the research for his doctoral thesis. In subsequent years his unselfconscious blending of the argot of the Lima back streets of his youth with the high speech of Castilian polite discourse would provide ‘understandably a source of great entertainment to his peninsular Spanish friends.’ As will be clear, while his youthful experiences and linguistic opportunities may have given him a leaning towards matters Hispanic, an undergraduate course in history in a British university in the early 1960s would not have done much to strengthen or sustain it. Here, however, Edinburgh, where he arrived in 1960, was a more than fortunate choice of university, as the influ- ence of Denys Hay, who was for many years the holder of the chair of medieval history, proved decisive. It was with his active encouragement that in 1963 Angus went on to undertake a doctoral thesis under his supervision on Economy and Society in Castile in the Fifteenth Century. As a Renaissance scholar, Denys Hay’s own research interests were primarily directed towards Italy, and focused on cultural and intellectual history far more than economic. So his willingness to direct Angus’s attention towards the relatively little studied kingdom of Castile, and to support his research on its economic history, repre- sented academic philanthropy of no mean order; something its beneficiary warmly acknowledged. Angus MacKay and Later Medieval Spain ix That this thesis would involve extended periods of work in Spanish state and ecclesiastical archives was inevitable.
Recommended publications
  • Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.Long.T65
    Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index Abrams, Creighton (American general, aircraft carriers, 251; American (1930s), Vietnam War), 381 320; American (World War II), 356; Actium, battle of (31 BC), 427 Japanese (World War II), 355 Adrianople; battle of (AD 378), 63; Aisne offensive (1918), 283, 305 most fought-over town in history, Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of (1748), 183, 427 184 Aelian (Tactics), 4, 157, 417, 431 Alans, 64 Aemilius Paulus (Roman general), 40 Alba, duke of, 5, 152, 155 Aeschylus on the Persian wars, 23, 25 Alberich (German withdrawal, 1917), Aetius (Roman general), 62, 63 298 Afghanistan’s democratic election. See Alberti, Leon Battista, on angled also al-Qaeda; Laden, Osama Bin, defences, 106 407 Alexander the Great, 3, 71, 98, 418 Agesilaus (Spartan general), 26, 37 Alexius (east Roman emperor), 79 aggression in the western military Alfonso X of Castile (Siete Partidas), 99 tradition, 6, 10, 414, 416, 418, Alfred the Great, 72, 76 425 Algerian War (1954–62), 372–374 Agincourt, battle of (1415), 88, 89 Algonkians, 139 agrarian warfare, 25, 30; Bronze-Age, Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), 85 18; hoplite, 18, 19, 21, 22; Roman Allerheim, battle of (1645), 160 militias, 49 Alma, battle of (1854), 222 air attacks; Gulf War, 392; Six Day War, Almagro, Diego de (Spanish 386; Vietnam War, 377–378, 380, conquistador), 139, 140 381; World War I, 309; World War al-Qaeda, 412. See also Laden, Osama II, 334, 351, 354, 357, 364; Yom Bin, 403; America strikes back, Kippur War, 387 406–412; America under attack, Air Corps Tactical School (USA), 319 403–406; Madrid explosion, 411 air defence,319, 387, 392; British Alvarez de Toledo, Don Fernando.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Alban and the Cult of Saints in Late Antique Britain
    Saint Alban and the Cult of Saints in Late Antique Britain Michael Moises Garcia Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies August, 2010 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Michael Moises Garcia to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2010 The University of Leeds and Michael Moises Garcia iii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I must thank my amazing wife Kat, without whom I would not have been able to accomplish this work. I am also grateful to the rest of my family: my mother Peggy, and my sisters Jolie, Julie and Joelle. Their encouragement was invaluable. No less important was the support from my supervisors, Ian Wood, Richard Morris, and Mary Swan, as well as my advising tutor, Roger Martlew. They have demonstrated remarkable patience and provided assistance above and beyond the call of duty. Many of my colleagues at the University of Leeds provided generous aid throughout the past few years. Among them I must especially thcmk Thom Gobbitt, Lauren Moreau, Zsuzsanna Papp Reed, Alex Domingue, Meritxell Perez-Martinez, Erin Thomas Daily, Mark Tizzoni, and all denizens of the Le Patourel room, past and present.
    [Show full text]
  • Myth-Making and the Historical Imagination: an Investigation of the Historiography of Islamic Iberia Through Castilian Literature
    Myth-making and the Historical Imagination: An Investigation of the Historiography of Islamic Iberia Through Castilian Literature Gaston Jean-Xavier Arze Springfield, Virginia BA English, University of Virginia, 2017 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Religious Studies University of Virginia December, 2018 Dr. Ahmed H. al-Rahim Dr. E. Michael Gerli 2 1. Introduction A historical narrative is thus necessarily a mixture of adequately and inadequately explained events, a congeries of established and inferred facts, at once a representation that is an interpretation and an interpretation that passes for an explanation of the whole process mirrored in the narrative. Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse (1978). The history of Islam in Spain is a deeply contested historical narrative, whose interpretation has significant implications for Spain’s perception of its national identity, as well as its historical memory, and modern political discourse. The rejection of Islamic Iberia plays an important role in the modern understanding of the nascence of the Spanish state. This is because, the history of medieval Iberia is largely framed as an 800-year struggle for independence from invading Muslims. This historical narrative is obviously at odds with the historical presence of the religion of Islam, the irrefutable linguistic contact between Arabic and Peninsular Romance, and the role of Arabic and Arabic sources in Iberia’s rich literary history. The aforementioned interpretation of the history of the Iberian Peninsula also rejects the influence that Islam played in the creation of identities unique to the peninsula: namely, the Mudéjars, the Moriscos and the Mozarabs.
    [Show full text]
  • View the Enlightenment As a Catalyst for Beneficial Change in the Region
    UNA REVOLUCION, NI MAS NI MENOS: THE ROLE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE SUPREME JUNTAS IN QUITO, 1765-1822 Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Beau James Brammer, B.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Master’s Examination Committee: Kenneth Andrien, Adviser Stephanie Smith Alan Gallay Copyright by Beau James Brammer 2010 Abstract This thesis examines the role the European Enlightenment played in the political sphere during the late colonial era in the Audiencia of Quito. Until the eighteenth century, Creole elites controlled the local economic and governmental sectors. With the ascension of the Bourbon dynasty in 1700, however, these elites of Iberian descent began to lose their power as new European ideas, emerging from the Enlightenment, led to a process of consolidating and centralizing power into the hands of Peninsular Spanish officials. Known as the Bourbon Reforms, these measures led to Creole disillusionment, as they began losing power at the local level. Beginning in the 1770s and 1780s, however, Enlightenment ideas of “nationalism” and “rationality” arrived in the Andean capital, making their way to the disgruntled Creoles. As the situation deteriorated, elites began to incorporate these new concepts into their rhetoric, presenting a possible response to the Reforms. When Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, the Creoles expelled the Spanish government in Quito, creating an autonomous movement, the Junta of 1809, using these Enlightenment principles as their justification. I argue, however, that while these ‘modern’ principles gave the Creoles an outlet for their grievances, it is their inability to find a common ground on how their government should interpret these new ideas which ultimately lead to the Junta’s failure.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early M
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in English by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 © Copyright by Sara Victoria Torres 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia by Sara Victoria Torres Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Christine Chism, Co-chair Professor Lowell Gallagher, Co-chair My dissertation, “Marvelous Generations: Lancastrian Genealogies and Translation in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and Iberia,” traces the legacy of dynastic internationalism in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early-seventeenth centuries. I argue that the situated tactics of courtly literature use genealogical and geographical paradigms to redefine national sovereignty. Before the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, before the divorce trials of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s, a rich and complex network of dynastic, economic, and political alliances existed between medieval England and the Iberian kingdoms. The marriages of John of Gaunt’s two daughters to the Castilian and Portuguese kings created a legacy of Anglo-Iberian cultural exchange ii that is evident in the literature and manuscript culture of both England and Iberia. Because England, Castile, and Portugal all saw the rise of new dynastic lines at the end of the fourteenth century, the subsequent literature produced at their courts is preoccupied with issues of genealogy, just rule, and political consent. Dynastic foundation narratives compensate for the uncertainties of succession by evoking the longue durée of national histories—of Trojan diaspora narratives, of Roman rule, of apostolic foundation—and situating them within universalizing historical modes.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
    [Show full text]
  • Index Index 405 Index
    Index Index 405 Index Aachen 53 Æthelstan, king of the English 24, 44, 57, 81, Abreu, Vasco Gomes de 258, 261, 275 83n54 Accounts Æthelweard, seneschal of King Edgar 81n40, Household 290, 295, 297, 324-25, 342 84 Privy Purse 342 Æthelwine, retainer of Athelstan ætheling Acostamento 394 75, 77 acutezza recondite 311, 324 Æthelwold, associate of Athelstan ætheling Adelheid, empress 6, 27, 44, 45-57, 62-63, 65 91 Administration 15-16, 42, 57, 65, 90, 95-98, Afonso II, king of Portugal 268 116, 120, 123, 129-30, 174, 191, 256, 268, Afonso III, king of Portugal 273 271, 298, 340, 396 Afonso V, king of Portugal 295 Adultery 262, 267 Afonso, Inês Dias 256-57 advice literature, see What the Goodwife Afonso, infante 382, 384, 388-92 Taught her Daughter Afonso, João, ombudsperson 258, 264n55 Ælfgeat 78, 84 Afonso, Pedro, huntsman 258 Ælfheah, cyninges discðen of King Eadred Afonso, Violante 258 81n43 Agnes, empress 54 Ælfhelm Polga 79, 80n36, 82n48 Albuquerque, Fernando Afonso de, mestre de Ælfhild, wife of Ealdorman Ælfwold 79n29 Santiago 249 Ælfmær 75-77 Alenquer 263-65 Ælfnoth, sword-polisher of Athelstan Alfons II of Aragon 228n9 ætheling 75 Alfonso X of Castile 273 Alfonso XI of Castile 232, 254 Ælfsige, Bishop of Old Minster, Winchester Anget, Agnes 169, 186, 193 81n40, 82n46, 91 Anne of Brittany, queen-consort of France Ælfweard 78, 81n40 313-16, 318n42 Ælfwine 82n46, 82n47, 83, 83n54 Anne of France 313-16, 318n42, 319, 321-24, Ælfwold, ealdorman 79n29 329-30 Ælfwolde, priest of Æthelflæd 80n37 Anne de Lusignan (Anne of Cyprus), duchess Ælfwynn
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction of a Cultural Legacy: Queen María De Molina of Castile and the Political Discourses of Molinismo
    The Construction of a Cultural Legacy: Queen María de Molina of Castile and the Political Discourses of Molinismo Janice Renee North Coalport, Pennsylvania MA, University of Virginia, 2009 BA, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2005 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese University of Virginia August, 2013 ii © Copyright by Janice North All Rights Reserved August 2013 iii Abstract This dissertation is a new historicist approach to studying the cultural legacy of the medieval queen María de Molina of Castile-León (1284-1321). In this study, works of literature are examined alongside historical accounts—such as chronicles and official documents—which are read as literature and analyzed for the political rhetoric which they contain. This study is focused on two things: First, understanding María de Molina’s exercise of queenship, with an emphasis on how that queenship is constructed and represented in texts, and second, evaluating the impact of her queenship and its connection to the so-called cultural movement of molinismo in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In this study, Queen María’s queenship is understood as the combination of her exercise of power in the discursive space of the court, as well as her representation in royal documents and histories. The first chapter explores the origins of what some literary critics have dubbed “molinismo” in thirteenth-century Castile-León, and the explanation of molinismo as a conservative movement back to orthodoxy, contained in literature produced in the court of Queen María’s husband, Sancho IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynastic Marriage in England, Castile and Aragon, 11Th – 16Th Centuries
    Dynastic Marriage in England, Castile and Aragon, 11th – 16th Centuries Lisa Joseph A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Philosophy The University of Adelaide Department of History February 2015 1 Contents Abstract 3 Statement of Originality 4 Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Introduction 7 I. Literature Review: Dynastic Marriage 8 II. Literature Review: Anglo-Spanish Relations 12 III. English and Iberian Politics and Diplomacy, 14 – 15th Centuries 17 IV. Sources, Methodology and Outline 21 Chapter I: Dynastic Marriage in Aragon, Castile and England: 11th – 16th Centuries I. Dynastic Marriage as a Tool of Diplomacy 24 II. Arranging Dynastic Marriages 45 III. The Failure of Dynastic Marriage 50 Chapter II: The Marriages of Catherine of Aragon I. The Marriages of the Tudor and Trastámara Siblings 58 II. The Marriages of Catherine of Aragon and Arthur and Henry Tudor 69 Conclusion 81 Appendices: I. England 84 II. Castile 90 III. Aragon 96 Bibliography 102 2 Abstract Dynastic marriages were an important tool of diplomacy utilised by monarchs throughout medieval and early modern Europe. Despite this, no consensus has been reached among historians as to the reason for their continued use, with the notable exception of ensuring the production of a legitimate heir. This thesis will argue that the creation and maintenance of alliances was the most important motivating factor for English, Castilian and Aragonese monarchs. Territorial concerns, such as the protection and acquisition of lands, as well as attempts to secure peace between warring kingdoms, were also influential elements considered when arranging dynastic marriages. Other less common motives which were specific to individual marriages depended upon the political, economic, social and dynastic priorities of the time in which they were contracted.
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Gregory X and the Crusades
    1 POPE GREGORY X AND THE CRUSADES A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF HISTORY AT QUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BY PHILIP BRUCE BALDWIN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. THOMAS ASBRIDGE 2 FOR MY PARENTS 3 ABSTRACT This study examines the crusading movement during the reign of Pope Gregory X in the latter part of the thirteenth century, before the Latin presence in the Levant came to an end. It seeks to demonstrate the important position of this little-known pope, who formed the bridge between what can now be seen as two separate eras in the crusading period, namely, the era of the traditional passagium generale, and the ‘new’ era of the passagium particulare. To do this, it will study Western and Muslim sources to understand the condition of the Holy Land during Gregory’s pontificate to see the effect it had on the manner in which he organised his crusade, using both traditional and ‘new’ methods. By drawing on sources from crusading in Iberia, it will show that Gregory approached the crusade flexibly, and was not, as commonly described by historians, wholly obsessed with the Holy Land. It also seeks to dispel one of the more popular myths surrounding Gregory, which is that he wanted to change the government of the kingdom of Jerusalem by putting Charles of Anjou in charge there. A study of the Angevin chancery records – little used by crusade historians – will demonstrate that it was not Gregory’s idea, but rather Charles’ own. Finally, using Gregory’s papal registers and chronicle evidence, this study will attempt to imagine the crusade that would have occurred had Gregory not died prematurely.
    [Show full text]
  • The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity
    The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity By Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Thomas Dandelet, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Ignacio E. Navarrete Summer 2015 The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance, and Morisco Identity © 2015 by Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry All Rights Reserved The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity By Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California-Berkeley Thomas Dandelet, Chair Abstract In the Spanish city of Granada, beginning with its conquest by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492, Christian aesthetics, briefly Gothic, and then classical were imposed on the landscape. There, the revival of classical Roman culture took place against the backdrop of Islamic civilization. The Renaissance was brought to the city by its conquerors along with Christianity and Castilian law. When Granada fell, many Muslim leaders fled to North Africa. Other elite families stayed, collaborated with the new rulers and began to promote this new classical culture. The Granada Venegas were one of the families that stayed, and participated in the Renaissance in Granada by sponsoring a group of writers and poets, and they served the crown in various military capacities. They were royal, having descended from a Sultan who had ruled Granada in 1431. Cidi Yahya Al Nayar, the heir to this family, converted to Christianity prior to the conquest. Thus he was one of the Morisco elites most respected by the conquerors.
    [Show full text]
  • 41St International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo
    41st International ConguGSS on MedieuaL Studies 4-7 May 9.OO6 MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE College of Arts and Sciences Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5432 2006 41st International ConguGSS on MedieuaL Studies 4-7 May 9.OO6 MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE College of Arts and Sciences Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5432 2006 TabLe of Contents Welcome Letter iv-v Registration vi-vii On-Campus Housing viii Off-Campus Accommodations ix Travel and Parking x Driving to WMU xi Meals xii Varia xiii Exhibits Hall xiv Exhibitors xv About the Mail xvi Piffaro xvii 2006 Plenary Lectures xviii A Medieval Film Fest xix David R.Tashjian Travel Awards xx Griindler and Congress Travel Awards xxi Advance Notice—2007 Congress xxii The Congress: How It Works and Why xxiii The Dance xxiv 2006 NEH Summer Seminar xxv 2007 Visiting Fellows Program xxvi 2006 Visiting Fellow xxvii Richard Rawlinson Center xxviii-xxix Master's Program in Medieval Studies xxx-xxxii The Otto Griindler Prize 2007 xxxiii Medieval Institute Publications xxxiv-xxxv The Medieval Review xxxvi-xxxvii Medieval Institute Endowment and Gift Funds xxxviii About Western Michigan University xxxix Director, The Medieval Institute xi Schedule of Events 1-188 Index of Sponsoring Organizations 189-193 Index of Participants 195-217 List of Advertisers A-l Advertising A-2 - A-64 Maps M-l-M-8 Dear Colleague: I am very happy to request the pleasure of your company at the 41st International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo. The Congress will take place Thursday through Sunday, May 4-7, 2006, on the campus of Western Michigan University under the sponsor ship of the Medieval Institute.
    [Show full text]