Climate Change in Loulé Development of a Municipal Adaptation Strategy

climate change in loulé development of a municipal adaptation strategy

cm-loule.pt cm-loule.pt Project Technical File Index

Iniciative FCT-UNL – Faculty of Science and Technology, Foreword 4 Municipal Council of Loulé University Nova of Lisbon UA - University of Aveiro Introduction 6 Title ICETA/CIBIO – University of the Azores Climate Change in Loulé Framework 8 Development of a Municipal Adaptation Strategy Edition Climate change: The threat and the challenge 10 Author Municipal Council of Loulé Strategic Vision – Loulé Municipal Climate Change Adaptation Municipal Council of Loulé Graphic Design and Page Layout Strategy (Loulé MCCAS) 11 Internal Coordination Triplesky, Branding Agency Objectives Municipal Directorate of General Administration Archive and Planning Municipal Council of Loulé MCCAS Methodology 12 Internal Technical Team Printing and Binding Climate change in the municipality of Loulé 14 Inês Rafael (Environment, Public Spaces and Tecnicromo - Artes Gráficas Transport Division) Climate projections Lídia Terra (Planning, Geographical Information and No. of Copies Impacts and vulnerabilities Land Registration Division) 500 Loulé MCCAS adaptation options to climate change 20 External Technical Team (ClimAdaPT.Local Project Team) Legal Deposit Municipal best practice 22 FFCUL - Faculty of Science Foundation, University of 414346/16 Lisbon ISBN How to help fight climate change? 29 CEDRU – Centre for Urban and Regional Development 978-972-9064-63-0 Adaptation in day to day life Studies More information about adaptation WE CONSULTANTS Date of Publication (month/year) 09/2016 QUERCUS – Portuguese National Association for Nature Glossary 34 Conservation No. of Edition For more information... 36 ICS – Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon 1st Edition Acronyms 36 5 Municipal Council of Loulé

and which to the strategy gives voice. Mayor of Loulé What then is to be done? Quoting Pope Francis in his Encyclical “Laudato common good, for climate be to “a Si”, belonging all to and meant we for surely all” have a contribution make. to So, whether it is at a global, national or municipal scale it is essential establish to a strategy adapt to impactto resulting from climate change and for it safeguard to our entire human, natural, and heritage. material Loulé Municipal Change Adaptation Climate Strategy [MCCAS] is a step inthat direction and, being at the forefront, it is also a decisive element for prepare us to ourselves meet to the challenges the future always brings. The systematization and intervention as a result of the implementation of MCCAS, that will interfere in our collective life as well as at the territorial management level, leads the us to understanding of this new climate dynamic and is extremely important for the development of sectoral public policies dealing with minimizing the risks derived from extreme climate events Vitor Aleixo

climate change. climate This last issue gained a new expression and greater public exposure with the participation of Loulé in an Council international Town consortium in the scope of the ClimaAdapt project, which involves municipalities, others. among companies, universities and The issue of global warming is now a reality, as well as a cause for concern that cannot be ignored and which to we are certainly not immune. Closely associated with this phenomenon is the extreme which events, of weather occurrence cause all manner of consequences: economic, social, environmental and even health. Infact, droughts, heatwaves, floods, wildfires, and heavy among rainfall, others of the so called extreme weather events, have been wreaking havoc around the globe and also among us. Since the beginning of the current term of office we have endeavored current make to major issues, which constitute themselves as political management concerns, an object of study, debate and knowledge in order better to deal with the near future. This approach has been adopted for issues related energy to efficiency, mobility and the management and use of natural resources but also, and in particular, for those related to

… it is essential to establish to establish … it is essential adapt to to a strategy impact resulting from it change and for climate to safeguard all natural, our human, heritage.” and material Foreword Climate Change in Loulé in Change Climate 4 6 Climate Change in Loulé and its effects (IPCC, 2014b). (IPCC, effects its and climate expected to adjustment facilitate may intervention human systems, natural In opportunities. beneficial exploit to as well as harm avoid or moderate to seeks adaptation systems, human In effects. its and climate expected or actual to response in adjustment of process the is Adaptation MEAN? ADAPTATION DOES WHAT

planned adaptation measures aiming at mitigating the impact impact the mitigating at aiming measures adaptation planned and options of identification the on focused is MCCAS Loulé and economic effects. such asmunicipality environmental, in different aspects, social, the affect will that risks climate be always will there scenarios, climate future to meet adaptation of options planned are there when Even systems. human and natural its on as well as territory municipal the on impacts of aseries cause may projections climate These municipality. the of areas coastal the in challenges new bring may level sea in rise relative acontinuous of projection the level, local at effects to the related uncertainties the Despite predicted. also is time, of periods short in concentrated precipitation intense very of events of occurrence the as well as heatwaves, of frequency the in increase An summers. drier and hotter of occurrence the intensifying to autumn, spring from maximums particular in temperatures, of increase potential to the and precipitation annual total in reduction to apotential point Council Loulé of Municipal the for projections climate the changes, other Amongst matters. these in forefront nationwide Council the at Municipal Loulé to place seeks and territory, municipal the throughout change to climate related problems various to the response acoherent to promote intends project, Local 2015 ClimAdapt. of scope January the in within MCCAS), started (Loulé Strategy Climate Adaptation Change Municipal Loulé the of 21st the of development The century. challenges important most the of one to be change climate Council considers Municipal Loulé reduction of greenhousereduction gas emissions (GHG). the promote may that actions, other amongst responses, mitigating to adopt necessary also is it that recognizes council Loulé adaptability, to related questions on focused more is MCCAS this Although us. visit or here live who those of and change climate of impacts to the resilience municipality’s the enhance help will that and sectors, economic and groups population different the of needs the on based development of coherent territorial and environmental policies, continuous for point astarting to be intended is it municipality, the in kind its of strategy first the Being change. to climate adaptation of practices the and knowledge scientific of evolution the on based updated, and revised to be instrument an be will MCCAS This change. climate of Introduction

Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change climate to adaptation and of Mitigation 2020). (NSCCA 2020 Adaptation Climate of Change Strategy National the in recommended as economy’, and society low-carbon and competitive resilient, of development and planning correct ‘the encourage and mitigation the promote also that options adaptive of adoption the promote will municipality the possible, wherever and Thus, mitigation climate change Preventing Preventing

adaptation climate change the impacts of the impactsof To respondto

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 7 9 Municipal Council of Loulé

9 parishes Almancil, Alte, Ameixial, Boliqueime, Quarteira, São ClementeSalir, (Loulé), São Sebastião (Loulé), parish aggregation of Querença, e Benafim. Tôr 70.622 inhabitants Average population density: people92.4 per sq. km

         / Hills Loulé / Crags

Territorial units Territorial Coastline Diversity of territorial, heritage, landscape, ecological, and environmental features, which constitute important advantages. unique and

Region Algarve Municipality of Loulé Seat of the Municipality: City of Loulé Location South of Portugal

, making it the largest 1 Framework municipality in the region by both area and population. It has an average population density people of 92.4 per sq. km, in line with the population density of the region (90.3 people per sq. km). As as far territorial units are concerned, the municipality covers 3 distinct areas (from the south the to north, including coastline, thuscrags presenting and hills), a diversity of territorial, heritage, landscape, ecological, and environmental features, which constitute important advantages. unique and The municipality is administratively divided 9 parishes into in a regional context. It also comprises Rocha da Pena and Fonte Benémola Protected Landscape areas, with around of the municipal 54% land covered by Natura 2000 network. Due its to geographic location, the municipality of Loulé has a temperate Mediterranean-type influenced climate, by its proximity theto sea, as well as by mountainous areas further north. It is also be to noted that local populations can fluctuateconsiderably on a seasonal basis. During high season, the municipality’s residents, among permanent significantly, increases population seasonal residents and tourists. Loulé is one of the Algarve’s main business areas, showing the dynamism andcapacity attract to and promote entrepreneurship (Almancil, Alte, Ameixial, Boliqueime, Quarteira, São Clemente Salir, São(Loulé), Sebastião (Loulé) and the parish aggregation of Querença, and has Benafim), its Tôr seat in the city of Loulé. It is the only municipality in the Algarve region with two cities, Loulé and Quarteira. Givenits privileged central location in the region, Loulé is well-served in terms of accessibility, and both by road (A22, ER-270) EN/ER-125, rail networks, as well as by its proximity International Faro to Airport, which makes it an attractive municipality in which invest, to live, visit. and work Moreover, the municipality of Loulé boasts beaches, 10 providing users with excellent conditions for bathing, the Ria Formosa Natural Park, the largest and most important wetland in the Algarve. The municipality of Loulé is located in the south of mainland Portugal, in the Algarve region. It has an areaof approximately 764.39 km² inhabitants and 70,622

All the information relating to

1 socio-economicthe characterization of the municipality is based on (INE) Institute Statistical National the – Population censuses 2011 NOTES promotional video Loulé municipality Climate Change in Loulé in Change Climate 8 Climate Change in Loulé change - European Commission climate to Adaptation

temperatures rising by more than 2°C is already underway, underway, already is 2°C than more by rising temperatures to avoid time against Arace 6.4°C. reach even may Nations, United the of auspices the under met have who scientists of panel international to an according which 4.0°C, and 1.8°C between by century this again to rise expected is temperature the taken, are measures no If 0.76°C of registered. was increase an then since and 1850, in only began measurements temperature global systematic and Accurate years. 10,000 around for unchanged remained Earth on temperatures average Revolution, Industrial the Until planet. the face on we threat serious most the is Climate change (Adapted from European Commission: 2008) Commission: European from (Adapted common. increasingly become will these from arising losses economic and damage material with together events weather extreme and resources water fresh sufficient have longer no will world the of regions many this, as well As to disappear. begin will included, are countries European many of areas vast which in world, the of parts many in areas coastal low-lying rise, sea-levels As consequences. long-term serious have and irreversible be may changes climate levels, pre-industrial above 2°C than more by rise should Earth on temperatures If return. of no point the to be scientists by thought increasingly is which level the The threat and the challenge the and threat The Climate change:

• of the municipality; the of and features organizational socio-economic, physical, the of knowledge integrated an through the development of opportunities, possible from benefiting and expected impacts the term), reducing long and medium the (in municipality the to affect come may which events extreme of number maximum the meet opportunities potential exploit to as well as capacity, adaptive municipal increase to and events climate To to extreme vulnerability reduce objectives: core four proposes Strategy Climate Adaptation Change Municipal Loulé Climate Adaptation, Change of Strategy National the with accordance In OBJECTIVES withassociated new climate dynamics. opportunities and threats factors, the management territorial in as well as practice municipal in embodies that and change climate to respond to able and informed of, aware amunicipality of Development Strategic Vision Loulé MCCAS – to determine guidelines to to guidelines –to determine nor themostintelligent, responsive tochange. It isnot thestrongest species that survive, species that survive,

but theonesmost

Charles Darwin Charles • • • in climate adaptation. pioneer arecognized becoming boundaries, administrative the beyond municipality the of as well constructed process as the experience developed To the strategic process disseminate events; extreme possible remedying in stakeholders all of resilience the and capacity adaptive increasing to aim an groups), with target different the of view in (and measures specific through possible as information much as to disseminate change, for need the to highlight stakeholders, social and economic to all known change to climate to adapt guidelines government – make local purpose of mobilizing them for change the for stakeholders economic and social of engagement of dynamics To create level; local the at change to climate to adapt steps concrete of development the for basis a sound consolidating and raise awareness, knowledge –to add change climate on knowledge Add – to disseminate the strategic strategic the –to disseminate

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 11 12 Climate Change in Loulé 2 NOTES http://climadapt-local.pt visit: project ClimAdaPT.Local the about information more For INFORMATION www.ukcip.org.uk/wizard/

terms of decision-making on adaptation at the municipal level, level, municipal the at adaptation on decision-making of terms in needs main the of consideration and of analysis an from Starting Programme).Impacts it sought replies to two key questions: to two replies sought it UKCIP the by developed model the on based situation, Portuguese to the adapted specially and Project ClimAdaPT.Local the of scope the in developed fully was methodology MADS tasks. specific and steps of anumber through us guided has that Support), Decision-making Adaptation (Municipal MADS called methodology abasic Team, followed MCL Project Local ClimAdaPT. of support the with and project, the in aparticipant As Strategy. Climate Adaptation Change Municipal own its of development the began (MCL) Council Loulé of Municipal the Project, 2015 ClimAdaPT.Local the of January scope In the in and together form a cycle of strategic development. strategic of acycle form together which steps interrelated six of composed is methodology MADS MCCAS Methodology 2 1 to addresssuchclimate risks? available ofadaptation required actions and What arethemainnecessary must make? theMCL the municipality ofdecisions andwhat sort related hazards that affect,ormay affect, What arethemostimportant climate- 2 (UK Climate (UK

from whom some contributions were collected. were contributions some whom from stakeholders, and institutions local with parliament municipal 2015 24th the November on Loulé in held was a workshop strategy, engaged an with line in and MCCAS Loulé of scope the In new demands. citizens' to our fully to respond and knowledge new incorporate to able to be time over times several repeated to is be cycle MADS this process, acontinuous is change to climate adaptation As Project ClimAdaPT.Local the of scope the in developed Support) Decision-making Adaptation (Municipal methodology MADS the of representative Diagram for adaptation and reviewing 5. Integrating, monitoring, (to assess) 4. Options 4. Options for adaptation 0. Preparing (to identify) 3. Options 3. Options the work vulnerabilities vulnerabilities 2. Identifying 1. Identifying current future

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 14 Climate Change in Loulé 3 NOTES http://wcrp-cordex.ipsl.jussieu.fr/ and were based on two regional models for Europe (CORDEX Europe for models regional two on based were and team technical consortium local ClimAdaPT the by prepared been have development MCCAS Loulé in used projections climate The CLIMATE PROJECTIONS vulnerabilities. key future and current climate municipality’s Loulé understand to better important is it development, MCCAS of context the In project) and two greenhouse gases emission scenarios: emission gases greenhouse two and project) • • • climate: future and current between (anomalies) changes potential the to identify as so years, thirty of periods three for simulated were calculations The • • • variables: climate following the for obtained were values daily point, this For selected. was municipality Loulé within apoint where in Loulémunicipal council Climate change presented on a table with a spatial resolution of 11km of resolution aspatial (0.11°), with atable on presented then were patterns climate from drawn data simulated The (potential changes) in comparison with current climate. current with comparison in changes) (potential anomalies and values average yearly by century, the of end to the up analyzed then were variables three these of projections The 2071-2100 (long-term). 2071-2100 (mid-term); 2041-2070 1976-2005 (current climate); (maximum). speed Wind (accumulated); Precipitation minimum); and average Temperature (maximum, concentration of COconcentration increasing of A pathway RCP4.5 of the century the of end the by slowly more albeit 2070, in ppm 520 to up of atmosphere the

2 in in

end of the century the of end the by ppm 950 to up of of CO of reaching a concentration rapid and sharp increase, a by followed 2050, until RCP4.5 to similar pathway increasing An RCP8.5 2 in the atmosphere atmosphere the in

Thus, the main projected changes in climate for Loulé Municipality are: Municipality Loulé for climate in changes projected main the Thus, Summary of the main climate change projected for Loulé Municipal Council up to the end of the century. the of end the to up Council Municipal Loulé for projected change climate main the of Summary VARIABLE CLIMATIC average annual annual average global annual especially the the especially temperature, temperature, precipitation precipitation sea level rise the average average the Decrease in in Decrease of extreme Increase in SUMMARY maximum Increase Increase Relative rainfall events

(global projections) [IPCC, 2013]. projections) (global winds strong and rainfall by accompanied storms, winter severe More [Soares precipitation intense very or intense of particular in events, extreme in Increase Extreme events [IPCC, 2013]. projections) (global surge) (storm storms with associated level sea of flow over an with combined when impacts, severe more with rise level sea Relative Extreme weather events (global projections) [Jevrejeva 1.10m to up of arise 2100 in mention [IPCC, 2013]. authors Other projections) (global century twenty-first the of end the by 0.82m and 0.26m 0.17m between and 2050, in between 0.38m of and rise level sea A relative Average heatwaves. severe and frequent More Heatwaves ≥20°C. temperatures minimum with nights tropical of and 35°C), (≥ temperatures high very with days of number the in Increase days hot Very 5°C). and 2°C (between Autumn and 5°C) 1°C and (between Spring 4°C), 1°C and (between Summer in temperatures maximum in increase Strong 4°C. 1°C to of increase temperature average annual An Average annual and seasonal temperature [IPCC, 2013]. Europe southern in droughts of intensity and frequency the in increase an is As expected. is year per days 10 28 and between precipitation, with days of number the in A decrease More frequent and severe droughts Autumn. 53%7% the in and year, 13% the of 61% rest and between the and with as Spring in well as 1% expected, 30%) also and is (between months winter the in A decrease Seasonal rainfall period. 44% that in and 6% between vary could and century twenty-first late the in higher be to expected is which rainfall, average annual in Decrease average Annual et al et

., 2015]. .,

PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES

et al et ., 2012]. .,

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 15 Climate Change in Loulé (European Commission) changes Climate of consequence and Causes 2014b) (IPCC, capacity adaptive and adversities with cope to ability severity, susceptibility, sensitivity, exposure, as such concepts of avariety comprises Vulnerability affected. adversely be to [of asystem] predisposition or propensity the is Vulnerability VULNERABILITIES? CLIMATE ARE WHAT

impacts, vulnerabilities and risks to Loulé municipality. to Loulé risks and vulnerabilities impacts, of set adiverse represent may change climate projected The IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITIES Components of vulnerability (Source: Adapted from Fritzsche, K. [et al.], 2014) [et al.], K. Fritzsche, from Adapted (Source: vulnerability of Components

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The impacts and vulnerabilities to which the municipality is already exposed are: exposed already is municipality the to which vulnerabilities and impacts The Summary of major impacts of climate change with consequences observed for the municipality of Loulé. of municipality the for observed consequences with change climate of impacts major of Summary 7.4. 7.3. 7.2. 7.1. 6.3. 6.2. 6.1. 5.2. 5.1. 4.5. 4.4. 4.2. 4.3. 5.0. Increase in average temperature of the oceans the of temperature average in Increase 5.0. 4.1. (floods) rainfall Excessive 4.0. 3.4. 3.3. 3.2. 3.1. 2.4. 2.3. 2.2. 2.1. Droughts2.0. 1.5. 1.4. 1.3. 1.2. 1.1. 7.0. Low Temperatures and cold snaps cold and 7.0. Temperatures Low 6.0. Strong winds rise level sea Relative 3.0. heatwaves and temperatures High 1.0.

Increasing the risk of forest fires forest of risk the Increasing Disruption or reduction of water supply and/or reduction in water quality water in reduction and/or supply water of reduction or Disruption

Coastal erosion

Damage to the supply chain and changes in the use of equipment of use the in changes and chain supply to the Damage Lifestyle changes Lifestyle Damage to vegetation and changes in biodiversity in changes and to vegetation Damage Damage to human health to human Damage Changes in the use of the equipment and services and equipment the of use the in Changes Damage to vegetation and biodiversity and to vegetation Damage

Damage to the supply chain and changes in the use of equipment equipment of use the in changes and chain supply to the Damage Damage to buildings and infrastructures and to buildings Damage

Lifestyle changes Lifestyle

Damage to vegetation and changes in biodiversity in changes and to vegetation Damage Lifestyle changes Lifestyle to vegetation Damage chain supply to the Damage health to human Damage Lifestyle changes Lifestyle to vegetation Damage infrastructures and to buildings Damage services and equipment the of use the in Changes biodiversity in Changes to vegetation Damage health to human Damage Damage to the supply chain and changes in the use of equipment equipment of use the in changes and chain supply to the Damage Lifestyle changes Lifestyle Damage to buildings and infrastructures and to buildings Damage

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 17 Climate Change in Loulé a priority. to considered is referred periods future the any of in or time 3 (three), present than the at greater to or equal values with risk event aweather from resulting impact every Thus, municipality. the in change climate of impacts major the for risk of evolution the of presentation schematic is a below figure The Evolution of the climatic risk of major impacts of climate change with consequences for the municipality of Loulé. of municipality the for consequences with change climate of impacts major of risk climatic the of Evolution for the future, principally: the for projected are magnitude greater of risks which to relation in events weather facing when action for need the of assumption the on based was council municipal the by made assessment This

Frequency of Occurrence

1 2 3 (5.0 1

) Present Time (1.0; (7.0 6.0) 2

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( 2.0; 3

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1 2 3 Consequence of the Impact (7.0 1

) 2041/2070 Increases in ocean temperatures. ocean in Increases 5.0. (floods); rainfall Excessive 4.0. 3.0. Relative sea level rise; Droughts; 2.0. heatwaves; and temperatures High 1.0. (6.0 (5.0 2

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• • • • • • • • • • • Increase in various types of damage in sectors such as tourism, as such sectors in damage of types various in Increase roads; and infrastructures to equipment, damage in Increase changes; lifestyle in Increase areas; coastal in erosion soil in Increase to health; damage in Increase resources; water of quality the in Decrease and aquifers of refilling the in and run-off the in Changes consumption; and supply water in restrictions for Adjustments floods; urban and floods flash in Increase environmental the in biodiversity, municipal in Changes consequences; their and fires fires, of risk in Increase agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. available; resources water the in consequently, heritage; natural and RISK Thus, the main climate impacts projected projected impacts climate main the Thus, for the municipality may be linked to: linked be may municipality the for = CONSEQUENCE OFTHEIMPACT CONSEQUENCE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OFOCCURRENCE FREQUENCY X

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 19 20

Climate Change in Loulé Loulé MCCAS have been identified, mainly: identified, been have MCCAS Loulé integrating of capable options adaptation several exposed, is municipality the future) to which (current and risks climate and vulnerabilities the objectives, the needs, to the to respond order In adaptation identified. needs the address and defined are implemented be to measures the which on basis the are They strategy. adaptation an implement to (decisions) ways Alternative ADAPTATION OPTIONS to Climate Change Adaptation Options Loulé MCCAS

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s s • • • sustainability; • sectors; • • • Measures; • • • • • • • • To define and implement a programme programme a implement Toand define Profile Climate Impacts To Local the update promote and To spaces green reinforce Education, an implement and To develop Observatory To Environment an create Environmental an implement and To develop Management Risk Flood specific To implement monitoring and To implementation the ensure Mobility; Sustainable To Municipal promote aMunicipal implement and To develop the in out set To measures the that ensure aMunicipal implement and To develop aMunicipal implement and To develop aMunicipal implement and To develop and Information Forecasting, To aproper up set of events); of types (for various scale local at system Warning on human health; human on Climate of (CC) Change impact to the related (PIC-L) regularly; forenvironmental solutions/initiatives to Climate various on (CC) Change extended Campaign Awareness Public and Information Centre; Environmental in the Climate on (CC) Change Program Education coastlines; to protect measures of Plan; Contingency Heatwave revision and monitoring;its ensure and implemented and respected are Fires from Forests to Protect Plan Municipal of Use Water; Efficient the for Programme Plan; Action Energy Sustainable Contingency Plan for of Periods Drought; problematic areas related to climate change. In this way, it is hoped to achieve in the medium/long term medium/long the in achieve to hoped is it way, this In change. climate to related areas problematic a reduction in the municipality’s climate vulnerabilities, an increase in resilience, the adaptive capacity adaptive the resilience, in increase an vulnerabilities, climate municipality’s the in areduction of the municipal territory and enable citizens to be better prepared in the field of climate change. climate of field the in prepared better be to citizens enable and territory municipal the of of Loulé, aims at promoting throughout the municipal territory a coherent response to the many many the to response acoherent territory municipal the throughout promoting at aims Loulé, of The implementation of this integrated set of adaptation options identified for the municipality municipality the for identified options adaptation of set integrated this of implementation The ADAPTATION OPTIONS

• • • • • • • • • • • • • To create, promote, and implement innovative To implement and promote, create, the of creation the To support or create, System Management Integrated the To extend Procedures Procurement To in Public include / Seal Green the implement Toand define aMunicipal implement and To develop aMunicipal implement and To develop training and discussions To panel promote To aClimate up (CC) Change build Adaptation with cooperate and promote To support, to other Project Gardens Urban the To expand To and revitalize galleries riparian streams to Climate adaptation the To incorporate strategies for urban sustainability. urban for strategies Marine Resources Observatory; CouncilMunicipal possible; as the of sectors and services many to as System) Management Environmental the (mainly (IMS) Climateof (CC); Change issue whole the into account take that criteria project; Seal Sustainable Tourism Plan; Sustainable species; tree in diseases and Treatment pests of and Combat Prevention, the for Programme ; methods forestry and farming efficient more and new to propagate sessions Benémola); Fonte da PPL and Pena da Rocha Council (PPL Municipal the by managed areas protected the to specific Plan to Climate (CC); Change related projects research areas; urban municipal with them;associated Projects; and Plans Regulations, (CC)Changes to Municipal criteria

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 21 22

Climate Change in Loulé cultural and environmental heritage of the region. region. the of heritage environmental and cultural the of enhancement and promotion and development integrated level, alocal at needs education environmental meeting of aim the with created was It area. this in role important an played has Pena, and Loulé in Center, centers its Environmental through The Council. Municipal Loulé for concern of asource been has same, the to adopt need the as well as habits, sustainable about informed and of aware more to become people young and children of education environmental to the contributing years, few past the Over ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Loulé Ambiente). (Facebook: networks social through or www.cm-loule.pt site municipal the through awareness environmental for initiatives municipal You follow can Sustentável’. ‘LC newsletter the and citizen the for handbook environmental an landscapes, protected fires, forest recycling, and management waste saving, water on leaflets of anumber including environment, publishesperiodically and distributes various publications on the Council Loulé of Municipal the citizens, to its information environmental providing in play municipalities key role the of Aware ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS to climate. current the capacity (or adaptive capacity response enhance which practices good of aset demonstrates now Council Loulé of Municipal The www.cm-loule.pt or on facebook "Centro Ambiental de Loulé" de "Centro Ambiental facebook on or www.cm-loule.pt on website municipal the see please initiatives, their with up keep to and Program Activities Center Environmental the about more Toout find Association. Cultural Protection and Environmental –Algarve Almargem and Council Loulé of Municipal the 1992 in between established agreement cooperation a through developed are Center’s activities Environmental The Municipal goodpractices

landscapes and protected areas. protected and landscapes noteworthy several are there coast, to the mountains the From visited. be should that resources other and heritage geological wildlife, and nature with rich habitats natural of range awide covers and area aprotected as designated is land Council Loulé of Municipal the of part A large PRESERVATION OF PROTECTED AREAS • biodiversity. its of also but features geological its of view of point the from only not beauty, natural great of monument environmental a magnificent • • 18,400 ha of which 893 ha are located in Loulé municipal territory. territory. municipal Loulé in 893 located haare which haof 18,400 of area an covering coastline, of Km 60 along stretches It António. Santo de Real Vila of municipality the in Rota, Manta and Loulé, of municipality the in Ancão, between located is It wetland. important most and largest Algarve’s the is (RFNP) Park Natural Formosa Ria value, biological and scenic, aesthetic, physical, crags’ protect and to preserve intended was Landscape Protected this of creation The mountains. the and crags the between transition 637of the in area ha an covers and Tôr Benafim, and Querença, of aggregation parish the in and Salir of parish the in located is Pena) da Rocha (PPL Pena da Rocha of Landscape Protected The area. Landscape Protected this in plants of species different 300 over are There flora. fauna and its of also but features, landscape and geological its of view of point the from only not interest, great of habitats of home place, beautiful exquisitely an is It mountains. the with crags the of border the on located characteristics, unique with area protected is Benémola) Fonte (PPL Benémola Fonte of Landscape Protected The flora. fauna and its of also but features, landscape and geological its of view of point the from only not interest, great of habitats of home place, beautiful exquisitely an is It mountains. the with crags the of border the on located characteristics, unique with area protected is Benémola) Fonte (PPL Benémola Fonte of Landscape Protected The Ria Formosa Natural Park Natural Formosa Ria of da Rocha Pena Landscape Protected Benémola Fonte of Landscape Protected

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 23 6 Climate Change in Loulé FONTE BENÉMOLA: Protected Landscape Local (Loulé). Local Landscape Protected BENÉMOLA: FONTE / (Loulé) Local Landscape Protected DA PENA: ROCHA –Facebook: networks social on or (www.cm-loule.pt) website municipal the through areas protected these in council municipal the by promoted initiatives the with up Keep • diversity. biological immense its to see able be and landscape the of splendour true the to enjoy visitors allow These Lago. do Quinta and Lourenço São – known better area protected important this making of purpose the with area, Loulé’s in RFNP Two Trails created Nature been have islets. and flats mud of area and canals, marshes, of amaze forms that alagoon protecting coast, to the parallel peninsulas and islands sandy of a string system, Lagoon Formosa Ria to the belongs area protected this of Much Ribeira de Quarteira and Ria Formosa. Ria and Quarteira de Ribeira Vascão, do Ribeira Caldeirão, Barrocal, namely: species, plant and animal preserving at aimed network 2000 Natura to the belong that areas classified some covers Council Loulé of Municipal The network). 2000 Natura the in to inclusion leading process the of mid-point the at given status (their into consideration taken are List National the in sites as classified areas the only (PSRN2000), Plan Sectoral Network 2000 Natura the of purposes (SACs). the For conservation of areas special and (SAPs) protection of areas special comprises It Union. European the within and fauna flora wild and habitat natural of types is maintained throughbiodiversity of the different conservation that to ensure aims which network ecological an is 2000 Natura Natura 2000 network 2000 Natura

the owners of the land where it was constructed. was it where land the of owners the and municipality the between collaboration to agood due extent to is a great and Quarteira of city the in living enjoy and perceive people way to the changes profound brought has avenue new This centre. city Quarteira from away traffic EM 527-2 and 396 EN to the divert order in between connection adirect forms infrastructure road new This Avenues. Dr. Carneiro and Ceuta Sá Francisco between link road alternative an as working Quarteira, of city to the access structured provides It Urbanization Plan. above-mentioned Francisco”, the of area the within found to is be “Avenida name the with Papa opened Distribuidora, Via Quarteira area. leisure and arecreational as people the by enjoyment safe and full its to ensure necessary extent the to only created been have Infrastructures regenerated. and valued protected, be could ecosystems native and fauna flora, where space a of that was Park Urban the for proposed character main The ecosystem. wet existing the of corridor ecological the value and to safeguard aims It Almargem). de Ribeira da Pernada of tributaries the basins, drainage small of aset with (coinciding speaking ecologically area sensitive most the in located park urban an for proposal the in embodied spaces, public of promotion the objectives main its of one 76ha, as has approximately covering (PUQN_NE), Plan Urbanization North-Northeast Quarteira The sea. the with contact its of most the making area, surrounding its and Vala of Real renovation the and dunes the of recuperation the is note of worthy Also lighting. efficient energy as well as routes cycling and to pedestrian given is priority Here, areas. leisure and spaces green new of creation the with to Vilamoura, Quarteira connecting aboardwalk of construction Dunas”, das the of “Passeio as consists known better Vilamoura, Quarteira- of zone coastal western the of rehabilitation urban The Plan. Urbanization North-Northeast Quarteira the of implementation the and Dunas’ das ‘Passeio the include regard this in out stand that examples recent most the of Some purpose. anew all above but look, anew only not them giving by spaces, public to revitalise order in Council Loulé of the by out carried been have actions various years, few past the Over SPATIAL PLANNING Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 25 27 Municipal Council of Loulé

Loulé Educating City Creative Tourism Gardens Vegetable Social Budgeting Participatory Portuguese The Smart Network Cities of “An Educating City is an Inclusive“An City” that, among other assumptions, aims promote to the sustainable use of resources The Project Creative Tourism is a commitment of the municipal council the to promotion identity. of the area’s It supports training and innovation as well as craftsmen and professionals in the The role of Loulé Social Vegetable Gardens promote is to the important relationship between Man and the Earth as a means Participatory Budgeting (PB) is an important municipal governance tool for the involvement of citizens. Its main aim contribute is to Loulé is part of the Portuguese Network of SmartCities, whose objective share is to information, knowledge, good practice in Ameixial parish. In turn, the pupils from Eng. Duarte Pacheco School visited an Iberian black pig and sheep farm. After this experience, the pupils took note of proposals for new projects in the area of entrepreneurship and/or in the area research.of For further information: http://www.cm-loule.pt/pt/menu/607/hortas-sociais-de-loule.aspx Facebook: Hortas Sociais de Loulé • informed,to active, and responsible participation in Loulé’s process. governance information: further For http://www.cm-loule.pt/pt/menu/827/orcamento-participativo.aspx • experiences between innovative and member municipalities, between initiatives them. possibility the with reproducing of • in the scope of the Educating City Project (2014-2016). An example of this is the `Loulé Network of Hosts´ initiative that aims guide to visitors localities to within the municipality, drawing attention local to populations, agriculture and livestock farming. "Loulé Network of Hosts" was created in the scope of this Local Educational Project and has facilitated experiences among communities from the interior of the municipality. Pupils from Vilamoura International School learnt how honey and ‘aguardente de medronho’ areproduced and also how cattle are reared OTHER MUNICIPAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE MUNICIPAL OTHER • sector. creative All project-related activities can be found online at www.loulecriativo.pt. • of balance, interactionand integration with the social setting and the environment.

emissions, without prejudicing the quality of the services the quality of the without prejudicing emissions, 2 sustainable mobility; related plans. communication technologies that support mobility and communication with users (iParque Mobile solutions for car park payment using mobile devices, etc.); transportation; of (system of bikes for shared use); and Vilamoura); and bulbs municipal in buildings; municipal29 buildings and infrastructures; Participation and in, development studies of, and mobility Promotion Eco-Driving of principles ; Promotion and use of 'smarter mobility' solutions, for example Campaigns for the implementation of “soft” means Vilamoura cycling circuit and Vilamoura Public Bikes system Bikes for shared use in Loulé; Almancil Quinta - do Lago cycling circuit; Optimization of the urban transport system (Loulé, Quarteira Promotion of urban transport use (Loulé, Quarteira and Vilamoura); Celebration of annual European Mobility Week; Participation ongoing in training/awareness programmes on The replacement of incandescent light bulbs by energy saving LEDs used for public lighting in some municipal access routes; The replacement of conventional traffic lights by LEDs; The municipality of Loulé has alreadyinstalled solar panels in energy-efficient more of Construction buildings.

• • • • • • • This is both a challenge and a priority the to municipal council. Below are some examples of actions implemented: • • • • • • • • • ACCESSIBILITY MOBILITY AND The management of mobility is of particular importance at the local level, and it is under the competences of the municipal council that some of the most relevant measures are defined and implemented, namely in the adaptation of urban space "soft to mobility”. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Over recent years, the Municipal of Loulé Council has implemented measures aimed at rational energy use, namely by installing variety a of equipment aimed at reducing consumption of electric as energy, well as CO rendered by the updated facilities. Energy efficiency initiatives and the use of alternative energies have alsobeen applied. Of particular note are:

DID YOU KNOW THAT... There are currently 50 kms of cycle lanes in Loulé municipality? 26 28

Climate Change in Loulé the planning stage. planning the at already actions other with actions, of kind this to committed particularly is council municipal The NOTES: consumption. of • planning action leading to possible reduction reduction to possible leading action planning thus and identified be can channels energy relevant this, From etc. buildings, municipal the for occupants and hours opening use, of type state, operating its and installed equipment including systems of anumber distinguish and to us identify allowed has task That energy. of use rational more and abetter towards made be to changes about making decision subsequent and facilities municipal in situation energy the to understanding leading process the in phase first the is consumption energy of assessment The facilities/equipment. municipal at installed meters electricity different the of consumption energy to assess up set was structure council municipal the 2014,In within group aworking Consumption Assessment of Assessment Municipal Energy AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL

• • technologies. new of use the with population to the closer to become order in sustainable, environmentally more and faster processes making while services, municipal of dematerialization and tape red of removal policy, modernisation implementation of an administrative the towards step afurther is tool This meetings. council in voting of and hierarchies of level the at both process decision-making the up to speed and sessions the in addressed issues on documents paper-based to eliminate is this of intention main The meetings. council to dematerialization of solution new the implementing is Council Loulé of Municipal The respectively. 14001 standards ISO NP and 9001 ISO NP with accordance in certified and implemented was which sectors, and services its of some in System Management Environmental and Quality Integrated an has currently council municipal Loulé Solution of Dematerialization System Management Integrated Municipal CouncilMunicipal building. the at flown is flag) (green award Municipal ECOXXI The level. municipal the at measures pro-environmental to implement made being effort the to acknowledge as well as indicators development 21 on sustainable performance good show that Municipalities Portuguese to is reward objective main Its application. on based awarded is and (EBFA) Association Flag Blue European the by 2005 in begun aproject of out grew award ECOXXI The quality. Environmental and Practice Best Environmental of recognition the is prize This award? Municipal ECOXXI the is What RECOGNITION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BEST PRACTICE car pooling. car and Eco-Driving of principles the adopt cars, using When and walking. cycling transport, public by trips of amount the Increase costs. to reduce and environment the to respect help which strategies simple about Learn lifestyle. our to change prepared to be need all we fact, In emissions. gas greenhouse to reduce order in behaviour, and attitudes their to have change institutions and companies, citizens, challenge, this in to succeed order In the situation. or context the what matter no performance our on and attitude each on gesture, each on depends world asustainable Building ADAILY ON BASIS MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION http://www.cm-loule.pt/pt/menu/682/municipio-eco-xxi.aspx For further information: climate change? How tohelpfight Change thewayChange youtravel, adoptingmore sustainable forms ofmobility.

climate change? of mitigation the in consequently and emissions gas greenhouse of reduction the on impact important and positive extremely an have citizen each of efforts individual The THAT... KNOW YOU DID 85,6%? of rate XXI Eco an achieved Loulé of Council 2015In Municipal the 2015)? and 2014 2013, 2012, 2009, (in level national at times five for place first taken already has XXI” Eco “Município for candidate a as Loulé of Council Municipal The THAT... KNOW YOU DID

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 29 30

Climate Change in Loulé • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Defrost your food in advance, thus avoiding the use of of use the avoiding thus advance, in food your Defrost loss; heat to avoid cooking when pans and Cover pots have you when in plugged charger phone mobile your leave Don't equipment; electronic all off Switch saving energy with lamps incandescent traditional your Replace room; empty an in lights the off Switch streets. the to clean abroom Use full; are they when only dishwasher or machine washing the Use shaving; or teeth your brushing while tap Turn the off unless toilet the flush not Do toilets. flush low-volume Use to used be can vegetables and fruit to wash used water The to avoid morning early or evening late the in garden Water your Take abath; of instead ashower dishes; washing when running tap the leave not Do immediately; repaired it have leaking is atap If Chose a dual-tariff electricity meter, for periods when the cost cost the when meter, periods for electricity adual-tariff Chose open; is door fridge your time the Reduce using of instead possible if to dry out washing your Hang and machine washing the on cycle economy the Use the microwave;the phone; your charging finished (LED)light lamps; diode bulbs or light-emitting necessary; absolutely is it plants; water wasting water; of electricity is cheaper, especially during the night. the during cheaper, is especially electricity of drier; an electric dishwasher; the in energy-efficient vehicles withcleanerengines Invest inrenewable energies,inbiofuels and Water isoneofthenatural most resources Itisurgent tomanageitmoreeffectively. severely affectedby climate change. main problems nowadays. it! Save Energy isoneofEurope's Energy (hybrids, electric,etc.)

from industrial production. Doing this reduces consumption and consequently CO consequently and consumption reduces this Doing • • • • your home, in your workplace and in your neighbourhood. your in and workplace your in home, your Promote climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in in measures adaptation and mitigation change climate Promote use; you paper of amount the Reduce healthier, are They products. seasonal local Eat CO of 1ton absorb will trees Five atree! Plant to be produced and transported; and produced to be energy less require and friendly, environmentally more Share thesestrategiesShare withthoseclosesttoyou: acting togetheracting ismoreinspiring! Re-use, RecycleandRepair. Additional Information: 2

over their lifetime; 2 emissions emissions

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Climate Change in Loulé • • • • • • • • • • measures: following the byadopting yourself Protect recommendations. following the observe should citizen each security, and safety isAdaptation/prevention essential. their For damage. and social economic environmental, serious causing also property, and population to civilian danger effective an present that effects adverse have events weather Extreme FURTHER INFORMATION ON ADAPTATION

NEVER leave children, elderly people, or sick or people, elderly children, leave NEVER clothing; cotton light Wear or 1litre to drink people elderly Encourage regularly, juice fruit natural or water Drink especially sunlight to direct exposure Avoid alone, are who to people attention special Pay 2-3 aday; least hours at for place acool in Stay -never shower atepid have hot, very feel you If home; your to refresh night at windows Open during closed shades and open windows Keep people inside vehicles exposed to the sun. to the exposed vehicles inside people usual; than aday water of more thirsty; not are you when even afternoon; the in late or morning the in early 11 either beach to the Go 5pm. between and am heat; the from themselves to protect them one; a cold to circulate; air to allow day the elderly, fragile or with dependency needs. Help needs. dependency with or fragile elderly, Heatwave -Protect yourself!

• • • • • • clean; • • • Contribua da seguinte forma: Outside of the critical period, never light an an light never period, critical the of Outside it, of outside also and period critical the During restraint spark a extinguisher, 6kg fire Place paper, (wood, materials flammable Keep chemicals and fuels flammable Store wood, clear; property your on paths the keep Always properties their to keep neighbours your Ask undergrowth, dry of clear property your Keep from grass and undergrowth dry Remove NEVER leave bonfires to burn unattended; burn to bonfires leave NEVER limits. forest the far from and weather damp in only conditions, windy in fire open lit; be should bonfires no high, is fire of risk the whenever machinery; forestry or agricultural of pipes exhaust the in arrestors back flash and system lamps); gas or paraffin (candles, ignition of sources etc.) possible from away clothes place; isolated asafe in them secure and house the from away etc); branches dead (pruning, forestry or farming from waste from as well as 50m; least at of area an in house your around High temperaturesHigh the –Reduce risk offire!

• • • • • • • • • • • • • important: very is It • • • • drought: asevere during do to What Fire Brigade – 289 400 560). –289400 Brigade Fire fire: of case In Keep away from affected areas. affected from away Keep ordered be only can that evacuation possible for To prepared be supplies; water and gas the disconnect and To power off turn to others; calm To convey and calm keep insurance; contents and To home get procedures; evacuation and floods of signs To warning the know is there Where deteriorate. may quality water adrought, During need. will you amount the only store cuts, water of case the In flow; water the reducing thereby taps, safety close Slightly be consuming pools. may You swimming or ponds fill not Do (Loulé area your of Call 112department fire the or immediately period. critical the during used be not must products Pyrotechnic accessible easily an in hoses) and shovels (picks, tools some Keep (paths) closures protection fire with areas land cultivable Divide dwelling; the to fire of athreat pose that Cut trees roof; your from branches and needles pine leaves, dry Remove apiaries in disinfestations or any fumigation out carry not Do place to help in firefighting; in to help place another; to one from flames of passage the to prevent system; restraint spark a with fitted not fumigators using in duly justified cases of absolute necessity. Obey immediately!; Obey necessity. absolute of cases justified duly in drinking; before minutes ten for water,it drinking of boil quality the concerning any doubt water, it!; reuse left-over waste not Do need; people other water Floods –Know thewarningsigns! Drought –RedoubleyoureffortsDrought to save water!

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 33 34

Climate Change in Loulé concentration/radiative forcing scenario used, which are based based are which used, scenario forcing concentration/radiative emission/ the upon depend Climate projections models. climate by simulations upon based often scenarios, forcing radiative or or concentration scenarios of greenhouse and gases aerosols, to emission system climate the of response the of A projection CLIMATE PROJECTION years). 30 past the of average (the period reference the for value average daily the than higher 5°C is temperature daily maximum the days, 6consecutive least at of aperiod in when, occurs A heatwave HEATWAVE (IPCC, 2014). consequences the with to cope or opportunities, of advantage to take damage, to potential adjust to organisms other and humans institutions, systems, of ability The CAPACITY ADAPTIVE (Avelar, T.C., D. Lourenço, and 2010). over comparableobserved time period” variability climate to natural addition in is which and atmosphere global the of composition the alters that activity to human indirectly or directly change" attributed “a is as: which climate of change Climate on Change’ (UNFCCC),Convention defines "climate which Framework Nations ‘United the in that from differs usage This activity. human of aresult as or variability to natural due whether time, over climate in to any change Refers CLIMATE CHANGE learning, and transformation (IPCC, 2014a). transformation and learning, adaptation, for capacity the maintaining also while structure, and identity, function, essential their maintain that ways in reorganizing or responding disturbance, or trend or event ahazardous with cope to systems environmental and economic, social, of capacity The RESILIENCE (IPCC, 2012). uncertainty to substantial subject therefore are and realized be not may or may that developments technological and socioeconomic future example, for concerning, assumptions, on Glossary

adversely or beneficially, by exposure to external climate. external to exposure by beneficially, or adversely either affected, is asystem to which degree the is Sensitivity SENSITIVITY / SUSCEPTIBILITY 2011).31010, UNISDR, 2009, ISO from (adapted systems of vulnerability of conditions the and hazards climate, man-made between interaction the of aresult as impacts), environmental or activities economic of interruption production, of means assets, injuries, (death, losses or consequences of harmful occurrence the of probability the as defined Is RISK CLIMATE of capacity to cope and adapt (adapted from IPCC, from 2014). (adapted adapt and to cope capacity of lack and to harm susceptibility or sensitivity including elements and concepts of avariety encompasses Vulnerability affected. adversely to be predisposition or propensity the on consists It VULNERABILITY [et al.], 2014).(FRITZSCHE impacts to climate contribute directly they when sensitive as regarded be only should density, population as such factors, Social to adapt. ability current to the related also is assessment sensitivity instance), for systems irrigation and (dams, dykes conditions climate current to adaptation their of light in modified been have systems many Since pressures. related population and settlement of forms and resources other of use the management, resource water practices, agricultural as such system the of conditions physical and natural the affect that activities human the by and use land or processes erosion to resist ability soil's the topography, land as such system the of conditions physical and natural the by conditioned typically is susceptibility or Sensitivity

Municipal Council of Loulé of Council Municipal 35 36

Climate Change in Loulé http://www.ukcip.org.uk/ platform adaptation change climate national –UK Programme) Impacts Climate Kingdom (United UKCIP https://www.ipcc.ch/ Climate Change on Panel –Intergovernmental IPCC what/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/ Climate Change to Adaptation on Strategy EU http://ecocasa.pt/simuladores.php Simulator –Consumption Ecocasa http://www.cop21paris.org/ 21 – COP21 http://www.cm-loule.pt/ Loulé of Council –Municipal MCL http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/ Adaptation Platform Climate –European –ADAPT Climate http://climadapt-local.pt/ Strategies Adaptation Change –ClimAdaPT.Local Municipal Climate http://www.apambiente.pt Agency Environment Portuguese Find outmore... st Sustainable Innovation Sustainable Forum

UKCIP RCPs MCPS MCL Strategy MCCAS Support MADS GHG EC EBFA CC Acronyms – Environmental Centre – Environmental –Climate Change – Municipal Council – Municipal of Loulé – Greenhouse Gases – Concentration Representative Pathways – Europe's Blue Flag Association Flag –Europe's Blue – Municipal Civil Protection Service Protection Civil –Municipal – UK Climate Impacts Programme Climate Impacts –UK – Municipal Adaptation Decision-making Decision-making Adaptation – Municipal – Municipal Climate Change Adaptation Climate Adaptation Change –Municipal