Somerset County

References

REFERENCES

SECTION 3 PLANNING PROCESS New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. 2007. “Codes & Regulations.” On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dca/divisions/codes/codreg/

SECTION 4 COUNTY PROFILE Cape May County Department of Health. 2007. 2007 Cape May County Water Quality Management Plan/Waste Water Management Plan. September 27. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://capemaycountynj.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/284

Cape May County Planning Board. 2005. Cape May County Comprehensive Plan. February 15. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://nj-capemaycounty.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/422

Cape May County Planning Department. 2006. Cape May County Transportation Study. Accessed 2016. On- Line Address: http://capemaycountynj.gov/DocumentCenter/View/423

Cape May County Planning Department. 2016. “Cape May County Data Book.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://nj-capemaycounty.civicplus.com/433/Cape-May-County-Data-Book

Maser Consulting. 2015. Cape May County Strategic Recovery Planning Report (SRPR) (DRAFT). November 3.

National Performance of Dams Program (NPDP). 2016. NPDP. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://npdp.stanford.edu/

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). Division of Watershed Management. 2007. "New Jersey's Watershed, Watershed Management Area and Water Regions." February. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/seeds/docs/watersheds.pdf

NJDEP. 2012. “Safe Drinking Water.” DEP Data Miner. June 15. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://datamine2.state.nj.us/DEP_OPRA/OpraMain/categories?category=Safe+Drinking+Water

NJDEP. Watershed Restoration. 2012. “Watershed Management Area 15: Great Egg Harbor.” May 3. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/watershedrestoration/wma15_info.html

NJDEP. Watershed Restoration. 2015. "Watershed Information". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/watershedrestoration/

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development (NJLWD). 2013. “Cape May County Edition”. June. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/pub/factbook/cpmfct.pdf

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development (NJLWD). 2015. “Population & Household Estimates”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/dmograph/est/est_index.html

Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist. n.d. "The Climate of New Jersey". Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/njclimoverview.html

U.S. Census. Economic Census. 2007. “New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area.” On-Line Address: http://www.census.gov/econ/census/snapshots_center/ny.html

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-1 May 2016 References

U.S. Census. 2010. "NJ – Cape May County". 2010 Census Interactive Population Search. Accessed 2015. On- Line Address: http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=34

U.S. Census. 2014. “2014 County Business Patterns – Cape May County.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://censtats.census.gov/cgi-bin/cbpnaic/cbpsect.pl

U.S. Census. 2014. "Metropolitan Statistical Area". State & County QuickFacts. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_metro.htm

U.S. Census. 2014. "State-based Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Maps". Geography. October 30. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/statecbsa.html

USDA. 2012. "Table 1. County Summary Highlights: 2012". 2012 Census of Agriculture – County Data. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_2_County_Level/ New_Jersey/st34_2_001_001.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2012. “What is a Watershed?.” Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/whatis.cfm

SECTION 5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN American Avalanche Association. 2016. “U.S. Avalanche Accidents Reports”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.avalanche.org/accidents.php

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2016. “Disaster Declarations”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2016. “Storm Events Database”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 2016. “Dam Safety”. Dam Safety & Flood Control. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/damsafety/

New Jersey Geological and Water Survey (NJGWS). NJDEP. 2016. “Earthquakes Epicentered in New Jersey”. February 19. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/geodata/dgs04-1.htm

NJGWS. NJDEP. 2015. “New Jersey Landslides”. July. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/geodata/dgs06-3.htm

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.ready.nj.gov/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC). Cornell University. 2016. “Northeast Drought”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/drought/drought.html

State of New Jersey Forest Fire Service. 2016. “Wildfire hazard Mitigation”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/fire/wildfire_hazard_mitigation.htm

Storm Prediction Center (SPC). NOAA. 2016. “Severe Weather Event Summaries”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/online/

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Farm Service Agency. 2016. “Disaster Designation Information’. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/disaster- assistance-program/disaster-designation-information/index

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-2 May 2016 References

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1989. Swelling clays map of the conterminous United States. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10014.htm

USGS. 2016. “Water Watch”. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/?id=ww_drought

USGS. Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination (GeoMAC). 2016. “GeoMAC Viewer”. January 5. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://wildfire.usgs.gov/geomac/

SECTION 5.4.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE Gutierrez, B. et al. U.S. Geological Survey. Potential for Shoreline Changes Due to Sea-Level Rise Along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region (Report Series 2007–1278). 2007. On-Line Address: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of2007-1278/images/report.pdf

Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve. 2015. Upper Township “Getting to Resilience” Recommendations Report. April. On-Line Address: http://www.prepareyourcommunitynj.org/media/28062/final-upper-township-recommendations- report-report.pdf

Miller, K. and others. 2011. "100 Million Years of Sea-Level Change: Should I Sell My Shore House?." Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://geology.rutgers.edu/images/stories/faculty/miller_kenneth_g/kgmpdf/MillerSealevelDLSl2011d enmarkshortc.pdf

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2012. Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment. Climate Program Office. December 6. On-Line Address: http://cpo.noaa.gov/sites/cpo/Reports/2012/NOAA_SLR_r3.pdf

NOAA. 2015. “How is sea level rise related to climate change?” September 28. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sealevelclimate.html

NOAA. 2016. “U.S. Sea Level Trend Map.” Tides & Currents. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/slrmap.htm

New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance. 2016. “New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/

New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC). 2013. “New York City Panel on Climate Change: Climate Risk Information 2013, Observations, Climate Change Projections, and Maps.” Accessed 2015. On- Line Address: http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/npcc_climate_risk_information_2013_report.pdf

Rutgers Climate Institute. 2013. On-Line Address: http://climatechange.rutgers.edu/

Rutgers University. 2016. NJADAPT. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.njadapt.org/

Sustainable Jersey Climate Change Adaptation Task Force (CATF). 2012. “New Jersey Climate Change Trends and Projection Summary.” On-Line Address: http://www.sustainablejersey.com/fileadmin/media/Media___Publications/Publications/2011-09- 26_SJ_CATF_CC_Impacts_Summary_final.pdf

U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. 2014. “Sea Level Rise.” November 18. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/sea-level-rise

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2016. “Climate Change: Basic Information.” Climate Change. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-3 May 2016 References

SECTION 5.4.2 COASTAL EROSION Cape May County. 2014. Welcome to the 2014 Cape May County Emergency Preparedness Conference [PowerPoint Presentation]. On-Line Address: http://capemaycountynj.gov/documentcenter/view/28

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 1996. FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (MHIRA). On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/media- library/assets/documents/7251?id=2214

FEMA. 2015. Coastal Erosion Hazards: A Special Flood-related hazards Supplement to the CRS Coordinator’s Manual. On-Line Address: http://crsresources.org/files/2013- manual/coastal_hazards_supplement_2015.pdf

FEMA. 2015. IS-386 Course Materials. Emergency Management Institute. March 27. On-Line Address: https://training.fema.gov/is/coursematerials.aspx?code=IS-386

FEMA. 2016. “Disaster Declarations.” On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters

Frizzera, D. 2009. “Mitigating Shoreline Erosion along New Jersey’s Sheltered Coast: Overcoming Regulatory Obstacles to Allow for Living Shorelines.” NJDEP Office of Coastal Management. November. On- Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/cmp/docs/living-shorelines2011.pdf

Miller, K. et al. 2013. A geological perspective on sea-level rise and its impacts along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://geology.rutgers.edu/recent-publications/513- miller-k-g-kopp-r-e-horton-b-p-browning-j-v-kemp-a-c-2013

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Community Rating System (CRS). 2015. Coastal Erosion Hazards: A Special Flood-related Hazards Supplement to the CRS Coordinator’s Manual. On-Line Address: http://crsresources.org/files/2013-manual/coastal_hazards_supplement_2015.pdf

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2013. "Linear mean sea level (MSL) trends and 95% confidence intervals in mm/yr." Tides and Currents. On-Line Address: http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/msltrendstable.htm

NOAA. 2016. “Coastal Erosion.” U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. March 15. On-Line Address: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2016. “Storm Events Database.” September. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

New Jersey Administrative Code (N.J.A.C. 7:7E) Coastal Zone Management Rules, amended July 15, 2013. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/rules/rules/njac7_7e.pdf

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 1993. “NJDEP Shoreline Structures of the Coastline of New Jersey Along the Atlantic Ocean and Inland Bays.” On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/digidownload/zips/statewide/shorstrc.zip

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 2014. “Coastal Management Program.” Coastal Management Program. September. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/cmp/czm_program.html

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-4 May 2016 References

New Jersey Sea Grant College Program. n.d. "Manual for Coastal Hazard Mitigation." On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/cmp/coastal_hazard_manual.pdf

Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA). 2007. "New Jersey: Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast." On-Line Address: http://www.climatechoices.org/assets/documents/climatechoices/new- jersey_necia.pdf

Rutgers University. 2013. “New Jersey Climate Change Trends and Projection Summary.” On-Line Address: http://www.sustainablejersey.com/fileadmin/media/Media___Publications/Publications/2011-09- 26_SJ_CATF_CC_Impacts_Summary_final.pdf

Rutgers University. 2014. “A Summary of Climate Change Impacts and Preparedness Opportunities for the Coastal Communities in New Jersey.” NJ Climate Adaption Alliance. April.

State of New Jersey. 2014. “State of New Jersey 2014 State hazard Mitigation Plan.” NJOEM. On-Line Address: http://www.ready.nj.gov/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

Sustainable Jersey Climate Change Adaptation Task Force (CATF). 2011. “New Jersey Climate Change Trends and Projection Summary.” On-Line Address: http://www.sustainablejersey.com/fileadmin/media/Media___Publications/Publications/2011-09- 26_SJ_CATF_CC_Impacts_Summary_final.pdf

Stockton University. 2014. “New Jersey Beach Profile Network – Cape May County.” Coastal Research Center. On-Line Address: http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/coastal/content/docs/2014_NJBPN_Report/Cape%20May%20Co_2 014.pdf

The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Coastal Research Center. 2016. “NJBPN – Annual Reports.” Coastal Research Center. On-Line Address: http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=149&pageID=9

The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Coastal Research Center. 2016. “NJBPN - Overview.” Coastal Research Center. On-Line Address: http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=149&pageID=125

U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. “2010 Census Interactive Population Search.” On-Line Address: http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=34

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2013. "Climate Impacts on Coastal Areas." Coastal Areas. September 9. On-Line Address: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/coasts.html

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2015. “Coastal Change Hazards: Hurricanes and extreme Storms.” St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. June 8. On-Line Address: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/coastal-change/beach-erosion.php

Woods Hole Sea Grant. 2003. "New Shoreline Change Data Reveal Massachusetts is Eroding." March. On- Line Address: https://www.whoi.edu/seagrant/page.do?pid=52235&tid=282&cid=88637

SECTION 5.4.3 FLOOD Cape May County. 2005. Cape May County Comprehensive Plan. February 15. On-Line Address: http://capemaycountynj.gov/DocumentCenter/View/422

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 1997. “FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (MHIRA).” January 1. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2214

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-5 May 2016 References

FEMA. 2002. “National Flood Insurance Program Description”. Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration. 1 Aug.. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1480

FEMA. 2004. Are You Ready? An In-Depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness. August. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/7877

FEMA. 2005. Floodplain Management Requirements: A Study Guide and Desk Reference for Local Officials. February. On-Line Address: http://www.floods.org/ace-files/documentlibrary/CFM- Exam/FEMA_480_Complete.pdf

FEMA. 2007. Floodplain Management: Principles and Current Practices. On-Line Address: https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/aemrc/courses/coursetreat/fm.aspx

FEMA. 2011. FEMA P-55: Coastal Construction Manual. August. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1510-20490-2899/fema55_voli_combined.pdf

FEMA. 2014. Preliminary Flood Insurance Study: Cape May County, New Jersey (All Jurisdictions). June 30.

FEMA. 2015. “Flood Zones.” April 26. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/flood-zones

FEMA. 2016. “Disaster Declarations.” On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters

FEMA Region II. 2015. “Glossary.” On-Line Address: http://www.region2coastal.com/additional-resources- 1/glossary

George Washington University. 2001. “Institute for Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management Web Newsletter.” December.

Harris, T. 2008. “How Floods Work.” On-Line Address: http://science.howstuffworks.com/flood.htm

The Illinois Association for Floodplain and Stormwater Management. 2006. Section 1 Natural Aspects of Flooding: Part 1 Flooding and Floodplain Management. Mar. On-Line Address: http://www.illinoisfloods.org/documents/home_study_course/1%20Natural%20Aspects%20of%20Fl ooding.pdf.

Lathrop, R. 2014. “Assessing New Jersey’s Exposure and Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding.” Rutgers CRSSA. September 24. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://sugar.rutgers.edu/latest/pdfs/CFE%20vs%20CVI%20comparison.pdf

Montz, B. and Tobin, G. 1997. "The Environmental Impacts of Flooding in St. Maries, Idaho." Quick Response Report #93. On-Line Address: http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/research/qr/qr93/qr93.html

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2016. “Storm Events Database.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2013. “Spatial Trends in Coastal Socioeconomics (STICS): Coastal County Definitions.” Data Descriptions. On-Line Address: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/SocioEconomic/NOAA_CoastalCountyDefinitions.pdf

National Weather Service (NWS). 2009. “National Weather Service Glossary.” June 25. On-Line Address: http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/

National Weather Service (NWS). 2015. “Cape May County: Reference Tide Gauge – Cape May Ferry Terminal.” January. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/media/phi/capema.pdf

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-6 May 2016 References

National Weather Service (NWS). 2009. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). "National Weather Service Glossary". On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/glossary/.

National Weather Service (NWS). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2016. “PHI/Mt Holly Weather Event Archives.” Mount Holly, NJ Weather Forecast Office. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/phi/archives

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 2016. “Coastal Hazards: Coastal Community Projects and Tools.” January 7. Coastal Management Program. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/cmp/czm_hazards.html

NJOEM. 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment (NECIA). 2007. Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast. July. On-Line Address: http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/global_warming/pdf/confronting- climate-change-in-the-u-s-northeast.pdf

Office of the New Jersey Climatologist (ONJSC). 2015. “The Climate of New Jersey.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/njclimoverview.html

ONJSC. 2013. “2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Work.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://klimat.rutgers.edu/~zarrow/hmp2013/

Rubin, K. 2013. "Environmental Effects of Floods." On-Line Address: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/floods.html

Rutgers University. 2016. NJADAPT. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.njadapt.org/

SECTION 5.4.4 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM Buchholz, M. and Savadore, L. 1993. “Great Storms: Of the Jersey Shore.” Down the Shore Publishing

Cape May County Office of Emergency Management. 2014. “Welcome to the 2014 Cape May County Emergency Preparedness Conference.” PowerPoint Presentation. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://capemaycountynj.gov/documentcenter/view/28

Denchak, M. Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). 2016. “Are the Effects of Global Warming Really that Bad?” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/are-effects-global- warming-really-bad

Dinicola, K. 2009. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The “100-Year Flood”. 2009. On-Line Address: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-229-96/.

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-7 May 2016 References

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 1997. “FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (MHIRA).” January 1. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2214

FEMA. 2016. “Disaster Declarations.” On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters

NOAA. 2000. “Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.” January 24. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/WWW000/nhurr00.html

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2013. “Tropical Cyclone Climatology.” On-Line Address: http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/FAQ/Climatology.php

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2013b. “Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.” On-Line Address: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php

NOAA. 2016. “Historical Hurricane Tracks.” National Hurricane Center (NHC). Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/#

NOAA. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2016. “Storm Events Database.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

National Weather Service (NWS). National Hurricane Center (NHC). 2013. " NWS Warning and Product Changes Associated with Post-Tropical Cyclones". April 4. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20130404_hsu_postTropicalChanges.php

NWS. 2013a. "Tropical Cyclones: A Preparedness Guide." April. On-Line Address: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/hurricane/resources/TropicalCyclones11.pdf

NWS. 2013b. “NWS Warning and Product Changes Associated with Post-Tropical Cyclones.” April 4. On- Line Address: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20130404_hsu_postTropicalChanges.php

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2009. “Protective Actions: NJ Coastal Evacuation Maps.” Plan & Prepare. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/plan/evacuation-routes.html

ONJSC. 2013. “2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Work.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://klimat.rutgers.edu/~zarrow/hmp2013/

Rutgers University. n.d. “Understanding New Jersey’s Vulnerability to Climate Change.” Climate Information. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://njadapt.rutgers.edu/docman-lister/working-briefs/75-nj- vulnerabilities/file

Storm Prediction Center (SPC). 2015. "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2014)". March. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/#data

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-8 May 2016 References

SECTION 5.4.5 NOR'EASTER Climate Change Institute. 2013. “State of the Climate: New Jersey.” Rutgers University.

East Coast Winter Storms. 2013. "East Coast Winter Storms." Cornell University. On-Line Address: http://ecws.eas.cornell.edu/

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2016. Disaster Declarations for New Jersey. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/state-tribal- government/37?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2011. “Regional Snowfall Index.” National Climatic Data Center. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/rsi/

NOAA. 2013. “What is a Nor’Easter?” Winter Resources. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/winter/noreaster.shtml

NOAA. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2016. “Storm Events Database.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC). 2010. "Climate Risk Information." On-Line Address: http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/2009/NPCC_CRI.pdf

Storm Solutions. 2014. “Top Five Facts: Nor’easters vs. Hurricanes.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.stormsolutionsusa.com/Brochures/Noreaster%20Handout.pdf

Sustainable Jersey Climate Change Adaptation Task Force (CATF). n.d. “New Jersey Climate Change Trends and Projection Summary.” On-Line Address: http://www.sustainablejersey.com/fileadmin/media/Media___Publications/Publications/2011-09- 26_SJ_CATF_CC_Impacts_Summary_final.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. “Climate Change Science Overview.” February 23. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/overview.html

SECTION 5.4.6 SEVERE WEATHER Borenstein, S. 2007. “Global Warming to Worsen Island Storms in the USA.” September 1. On-Line Address: http://www.standeyo.com/NEWS/07_Earth_Changes/070901.GW.more.storms.html

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-9 May 2016 References

Center for Disease Control (CDC). 2013. “About Winter Weather.” 6 December. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. On-Line Address: http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/about.asp

CDC. 2007. “Extreme Cold: A Prevention Guide to Promote Your Personal Health and Safety.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. On-Line Address: http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/pdf/extreme-cold-guide.pdf

CDC. 2009. “Extreme Heat: A Prevention Guide to Promote Your Personal Health and Safety.” On-Line Address: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.aspFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 1997. Windstorms. In: Multi-hazard identification and risk assessment. FEMA, Washington, DC, pp 49–56

FEMA. 2016. Disaster Declarations for New Jersey. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/state-tribal-government/37?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All

FEMA Ready.gov. 2013. Tornadoes. October 7. Accessed 2015. Online address .

Johns, R., Evans, J., and Corfidi, S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Storm Prediction Center (SPC). 2012. About Derechos. March. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/derechofacts.htm

Keim, B.D. 1997. Preliminary Analysis of the Temporal Patterns of Heavy Rainfall across the Southeastern United States. Professional Geographer, 49(1):94104.

Kosiba, K., J. Wurman, F.J. Masters, P. Robinson, 2013: Mapping of near-surface winds in Hurricane Rita using fine-scale radar, anemometer and land-use data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 4337–4349.

Meehl, G. and Tebaldi, C. 2004. “More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Centruy.” Science. Vol. 305 no. 5686. August 13. On-Line Address: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/305/5686/994

Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC). 2015. “cli-MATE Database.” On-Line Address: http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/CLIMATE/

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 2013. "Severe thunderstorms and climate change". April 8. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://climate.nasa.gov/news/897/

National Climatic Data Center. n.d. “U.S. Tornado Climatology.” National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us- tornado-climatology

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). 2015. “Storm Events Database.” Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015. "Storm Data Selection Publication". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/sd/sd.html

NOAA. 2008. “The Enhanced Fujita Scale.” On-Line Address: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/arx/efscale.php

NOAA. 2013. “Average Annual Number of Tornadoes.” On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate- information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-10 May 2016 References

NOAA. 2015. "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2014)". Storm Prediction Center (SPC). March 17. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/#data

NOAA. 2015. "U.S. Tornado Climatology". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology

National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). 2013. “Severe Thunderstorm Climatology.” National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. March 29. On-Line Address: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/hazard/index.html

NSSL. 2015. "Severe Weather 101: Tornado Basics". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/tornadoes/

NWS. 2009d. “Thunderstorm.” On-Line Address: http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=thunderstorm

NWS. 2010a. “Average Number of Thunderstorm Days in the U.S.” On-Line Address: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tstorms/tstorms_intro.htm

NWS. 2010b. “Hazardous Weather Outlooks, Watches, Warnings and Advisories.” National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). May 9. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.erh.noaa.gov/okx/wwa_definitions_new.html

NWS. 2010c. “Hail Awareness.” On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/cae/hail.html

NWS. 2015. "Hail Awareness." Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/cae/hail.html

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan.

NJDEP. 2013. "Climate Change in New Jersey: Temperature, Precipitation, Extreme Events and Sea Level." June. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/dsr/trends/pdfs/climate-change.pdf

Office of the New Jersey Climatologist (ONJSC). 2015. “The Climate of New Jersey.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/njclimoverview.html

ONJSC. 2013a. “2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Work.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://klimat.rutgers.edu/~zarrow/hmp2013/

ONJSC. 2013b. “New Jersey Tornadoes 1950-2012.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/njtorn.htm#top

ONJSC. 2015. Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/

ONJSC. 2015a. Rutgers University. “Northern NJ Mean Annual Temperature (1895-2014”. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/images/north_temp.jpg

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-11 May 2016 References

Ready. 2013. “Tornadoes.” National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. On-Line Address: http://www.ready.gov/tornadoes

SciJunks. NOAA. 2016. “What’s a derecho?” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/derechos/

Storm Prediction Center (SPC). n.d. “Enhanced Fujita Tornado Damage Scale.” On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html

SPC. n.d. “Frequently Asked Questions About Derechos.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/derechofaq.htm

SPC. n.d. “Fujita Tornado Damage Scale.” On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f- scale.html

SPC. 2015. "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2014)". March. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/#data

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. “Climate Change Science Overview.” February 23. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/overview.html

SECTION 5.4.7 SEVERE WINTER WEATHER Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2001. Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/media- library/assets/documents/4241

FEMA. 2004. FEMA 433 - Using Hazus-MH for Risk Assessment. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/fema-433-using-hazus-mh-risk-assessment

FEMA. 2016. Disaster Declarations for New Jersey. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/state-tribal-government/37?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2015. "Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/rsi/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2015. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). “Storm Events Database.” Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). 2015. "Severe Weather 101 – Winter Weather Basics". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/winter/

National Snow and Ice Data Center. 2013. “Introduction to Snow.” On-Line Address: http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/index.html

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-12 May 2016 References

National Weather Service (NWS). 2008. “Ice Storm.” On-Line Address: http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=ice+storm

NWS. 2013. "Winter Weather Forecasting". January. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/media/abr/Skyscanner/2013/20130101.pdf

NWS. 2015. "Event Archives." Mount Holly, NJ Weather Forecast Office. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.gov/phi/archives

NWS. 2015. "Snow." Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/winter/snow.shtml

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC). 2010. "Climate Risk Information." On-Line Address: http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/2009/NPCC_CRI.pdf

Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist (ONJSC). 2013a. “2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Work.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://klimat.rutgers.edu/~zarrow/hmp2013/

ONJSC. 2013c. Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/

Storm Prediction Center (SPC). 2015. "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2015)". March. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/wcm/#data

The Weather Channel. 2012. “Blizzards.” Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.weather.com/encyclopedia/winter/blizzard.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. “Climate Change Science Overview.” February 23. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/overview.html

SECTION 5.4.8 TSUNAMI County of Humboldt. 2008. Humboldt Operational Area Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Final Plan. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://co.humboldt.ca.us/planning/hazardmitigation/default.asp?inc=finaldraft

Dunbar, P. and Weaver, C. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2008. U.S. States and Territories National Tsunami Hazard Assessment: Historical Record and Sources for Waves. August. On-Line Address: http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/documents/Tsunami_Assessment_Final.pdf

Grays Harbor County Emergency Management. 2005. Grays Harbor County All Hazards Mitigation Plan. August. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.co.grays- harbor.wa.us/info/DEM/Planning.htm

International Tsunami Information Center (ITIC). 2016. “About Tsunamis.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://itic.ioc- unesco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1004&Itemid=1004

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-13 May 2016 References

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2016. “NGDC/WDS Tsunami Event Database.” On-Line Address: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=70&d=7

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Tsunami Warning Center. 2016. “Tsunami Frequently Asked Questions.” May 20. On-Line Address: http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/?page=tsunamiFAQ

NOAA. West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center. 2016. “Tsunami.” On-Line Address: http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/pdf/deadlywaters.pdf

New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM). 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

Office of the New Jersey Climatologist (ONJSC). n.d. “The Climate of New Jersey.” Rutgers University. On- Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/njclimoverview.html

University of Delaware. 2016. “Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.udel.edu/kirby/nthmp/maps/

SECTION 5.4.9 WILDFIRE Cape May County Herald Newspaper. 2013. “511 NJ reports a brush fire.” September 18. Accessed 2016. On- Line Address: https://www.facebook.com/heraldnewspapers/posts/10151894746925730

ERMA Volunteer Fire Company. 2016. “Action Photos.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.ermafire.com/photos-incident09-02.html

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2012. Flood After Fire Fact Sheet. January. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/Flood_After_Fire_Fact_Sheet.pdf

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2015. Disaster Declarations for New Jersey. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/state-tribal- government/37?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All

Florida Forest Service. n.d. “About the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI)”. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. On-Line Address: http://www.floridaforestservice.com/fire_weather/information/kbdi.html

Lee, J. 2014. "Climatic Change May Spark More Lightning Strikes, Igniting Wildfires." National Geographic. November 15. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141113-climate-change-lightning-atmosphere- science/

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 2013. Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Wildfire Fuel Hazard. Accessed 2013. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/njfh.html

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-14 May 2016 References

NJDEP. New Jersey Forest Fire Service (NJFFS). “Wildfire Hazard Mitigation: County Fuel Hazard GIS Data Download.” Accessed April 2013. On-Line Address: http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/fire/wildfire_hazard_mitigation.htm

NJDEP. NJFFS. 2011. “The Wildfire Environment.” New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/fire/wildfire-prevent-edu-firewise.htm

NJDEP. NJFFS. 2015. “About Us.” NJ Forest Fire Service. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/fire/ff_aboutus.htm

NJDEP. NJFFS. 2015. “Wildfire Hazard Mitigation.” Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/fire/wildfire_hazard_mitigation.htm

NJDEP. NJFFS. 2015. "Wildfire Danger Levels, Permits, and Restrictions." March. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/fire/firedanger-restrictions.html

NJOEM. 2014. State of New Jersey 2014 State Hazard Mitigation Plan. On-Line Address: http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/mitigation_plan2014.html

NOAA. NCDC. 2015. "Storms Events Database (1950-2014)". Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/.

Northern Arizona University. n.d. "Climate Change and Wildfire." Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://www4.nau.edu/itep/climatechange/docs/om_WildfireFactSheet_081512.pdf

North Carolina Forest Service. 2009. “What is the Buildup Index.” May 15. On-Line Address: http://www.ncforestservice.gov/fire_control/pdf/technotes/FDTN03.pdf

Office of the New Jersey Climatologist (ONJSC). n.d.. “The Climate of New Jersey.” Rutgers University. On- Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/njclimoverview.html

ONJSC. 2013a. “2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Work.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://klimat.rutgers.edu/~zarrow/hmp2013/

ONJSC. 2013b. “New Jersey’s Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Months.” Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/NJ_monthly_extremes.pdf

ONJSC. 2013c. Rutgers University. On-Line Address: http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/

Piney Power. 2016. “General Information About the Pine Barrens.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://www.pineypower.com/geninfopbpg10.html

Sustainable Jersey Climate Change Adaptation Task Force (CATF). 2011. New Jersey Climate Change Trends and Projections Summary. 26 September. Accessed 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.sustainablejersey.com/fileadmin/media/Media___Publications/Publications/2011-09- 26_SJ_CATF_CC_Impacts_Summary_final.pdf

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2012. Effects of Climatic Variability and Change on Forest Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the U.S. Forest Sector. December. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/effects_2012/FS_Climate1114%20opt.pdf

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-15 May 2016 References

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2014. "Droughts and Wildfires." A Student's Guide to Global Climate Change. August 28. Accessed 2014. On-Line Address: http://epa.gov/climatestudents/solutions/prepare/droughts-fires.html

U.S. Forest Services. 2015. On-Line Address: http://www.fs.fed.us/

West Cape May Volunteer Fire Company Inc. 2016. “Call History.” Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://wcmfire.com/history.html?print=1

Wildland Fire Assessment System. n.d. “Haines Index.” On-Line Address: http://www.wfas.net/index.php/haines-index-fire-potential--danger-34

Zatzariny, T. 2012. “Fires Break Out Across New Jersey As Warnings Continue.” Patch April 9. Accessed 2016. On-Line Address: http://patch.com/new-jersey/oceancity/fires-break-out-across-new-jersey-as- warnings-continue-58f2f657

DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Cape May County, New Jersey R-16 May 2016