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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Summaries

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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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31. Changnon, S. A., K. E. Kunkel, and K. Andsager, 2001: Causes for record high flood losses in the central United States. Water International, 26, 223-230. 32. Changnon, S.A. and D. Changnon, 2005: The pre-Christmas 2004 snowstorm disaster in the Ohio River Valley, State Water Survey, Center for Atmospheric Science, Contract Report 2005-03, 26 pp. [Available online at http://www.isws.illinois.edu/pubdoc/CR/ISWSCR2005-03.pdf] 33. Changnon, S.A. and J. Burroughs, 2003: The tristate hailstorm: The most costly on record, Monthly Weather Review, 131, 1734-1739pp. [Available online at http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175//2549.1] 34. Chapin, F. S., III, S. F. Trainor, P. Cochran, H. Huntington, C. Markon, M. McCammon, A. D. McGuire, and M. Serreze, 2014: Ch. 22: Alaska. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo, T.C. Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 514-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/J00Z7150. 35. Chen, Y.R. and P.-S. Chu, 2014: Trends in extremes and return levels in the Hawaiian Islands under a changing climate. Int. J. Climatol., 34, 3913–3925. 36. Christy, J. R., and R. T. McNider, 2016: Time series construction of summer surface temperatures for Alabama, 1883-2014, and comparisons with tropospheric temperature and climate model simulations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 55, 811-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0287.1. 37. Christy, J., cited 2016: Alabama’s climate. The Cocorahs ‘State ’ Series. [Available online at: http://www.cocorahs.org/Media/docs/ClimateSum_AL.pdf] 38. Chu, P.-S., and H. Chen, 2005: Interannual and interdecadal rainfall variations in the Hawaiian Islands. J. Climate, 18, 4796-4813. 39. Chu, P.-S., W. Yan, and F. Fujioka, 2002: Fire-climate relationships and long-lead wildfire prediction for Hawaii. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11, 25-31, http://dx.doi.org/1071/WF01040. 40. Chu, P.-S., Y.R. Chen, and T.A. Schroeder, 2010: Changes in precipitation extremes in the Hawaiian Islands in a warming climate. J. Climate, 23, 4881-4900. 41. CIER, 2008: : Assessing the costs of climate change, Climate Change and the Economy, ISBN 978-1-58024-513-5, 4pp, Center for Integrative Environmental Research. [Available online at http://cier.umd.edu/climateadaptation/Climate%20change- -NEVADA.pdf] 42. City of Keene, cited 2016: Sustainability: Climate change & adaptation action in Keene. [Available online at http://www.ci.keene.nh.us/sustainability/climate-change-action] 43. Climate Central, 2011: October snowstorm adds to 2011’s billion dollar weather disasters, published November 4, 2011, retrieved January 3, 2017. [Available online at http://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/was-october-snowstorm-another-billion-dollar- weather-disaster] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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58. Cook, E.R. et al, 2008: The North American Drought Atlas Version 2a PDSI sources Before 1895. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_study_id:6319] 59. Cooper, A., 2014: A relentless drought is forcing Las Vegas to take extreme measures, Newsweek, published July 10, 2014, accessed on December 20, 2016. [Available online at http://www.newsweek.com/2014/07/18/relentless-drought-forcing-las-vegas-take- extreme-measures-258092.html] 60. Corfidi, S.F., J.S. Evans, and R.H. Johns, cited 2015: About derechos, Part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration–-National Centers for Environmental Prediction Storm Prediction Center. [Available online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/derechofacts.htm] 61. Corps Climate, cited 2016: Sea level rise projections for NJ. [Available online at http://www.corpsclimate.us/Sandy/NJtable.asp] 62. Curtis, J., G. Wendler, R. Stone and E. Dutton, 1998: Precipitation decrease in the Western with special emphasis on Barrow and Barter Island, Intl. J. Clim , 18, 1687-1707 63. David R. Vallee, 2013: The impacts of Hurricane Sandy on : A serious wake-up call, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northeast River Forecast Center, National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.slideshare.net/riseagrant/examining-the-impacts-of-hurricane-sandy-on- rhode-island-a-serious-wakeup-call] 64. DCNR, cited 2016: Climate change program, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Nevada Natural Heritage Program. [Available online at http://heritage.nv.gov/climate] 65. Government, cited 2016: Coastal impacts. [Available online at http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/ClimateChange/Pages/ClimateChangeDelawareCoastalI mpacts.aspx] 66. Demaria, E.M.C., J.K. Roundy, S. Wi, and R.N. Palmer, 2016: The Effects of climate change on seasonal snowpack and the hydrology of the Northeastern and Upper Midwest United States. J. Climate, 29, 6527–6541pp, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0632.1. 67. Dhakal, N., S. Jain, A. Gray, M. Dandy, and E. Stancioff, 2015: Nonstationarity in seasonality of extreme precipitation: A nonparametric circular statistical approach and its application, Water Resour. Res., 51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ 2014WR016399. 68. Diaz, H.F., T.W. Giambelluca, and J.K. Eischeid, 2011: Changes in the vertical profiles of mean temperature and humidity in the Hawaiian Islands. Global and Planetary Change, 77, 21-25, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.02.007.

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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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309. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published May 2016, retrieved on June 3, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 310. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a glance: U.S. time series, published November 2016, retrieved on December 1, 2016, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 311. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published November 2016, retrieved on November 21, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 312. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published November 2016, retrieved on November 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 313. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published October 2016, retrieved on November15, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/ 3. http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/CLIMATE/] 314. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published October 2016, retrieved on October 18, 2016, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 315. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published October 2016, retrieved on October 24, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 316. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate at a Glance: U.S. Time Series, published October 2016, retrieved on October 7, 2016, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/] 317. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate change and the , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chesapeake Bay Office. [Available online at http://chesapeakebay.noaa.gov/images/stories/pdf/climatechangefeb11.pdf] 318. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Arizona, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_AZ_01.pdf]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

319. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Arkansas, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_AR_01.pdf] 320. NOAA, cited 2016: , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_CA_01.pdf] 321. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Colorado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_CO_01.pdf] 322. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Georgia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_GA_01.pdf] 323. NOAA, cited 2016: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_IL_01.pdf] 324. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Indiana, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_IN_01.pdf] 325. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Iowa, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_IA_01.pdf] 326. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Kansas, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_KS_01.pdf] 327. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Kentucky, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_KY_01.pdf] 328. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Louisiana, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_LA_01.pdf] 329. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Maine, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://dicce.sri.com/downloads/Additional_articles_webeites_interest/02_Maine_Climate _Overview.pdf] 330. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Maryland, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MD_01.pdf]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

331. NOAA, cited 2016: , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MN_01.pdf] 332. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Mississippi, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MS_01.pdf] 333. NOAA, cited 2016: , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MO_01.pdf] 334. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Montana, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MT_01.pdf] 335. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Nebraska, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_NE_01.pdf] 336. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of New Mexico, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_NM_01.pdf] 337. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of New York, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_NY_01.pdf] 338. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of North Carolina, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_NC_01.pdf] 339. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of North Dakota, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_ND_01.pdf] 340. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Ohio, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_OH_01.pdf] 341. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Oklahoma, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_OK_01.pdf] 342. NOAA, cited 2016: , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_OR_01.pdf] 343. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Rhode Island, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_RI_01.pdf] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

344. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of South Carolina, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_SC_01.pdf] 345. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of South Dakota, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_SD_01.pdf] 346. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Tennessee, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://ag.tennessee.edu/climate/Documents/Climate%20of%20TN.pdf] 347. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Utah, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_UT_01.pdf] 348. NOAA, cited 2016: , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_VA_01.pdf] 349. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Washington, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_WA_01.pdf] 350. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of West Virginia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_WV_01.pdf] 351. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate of Wisconsin, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_WI_01.pdf] 352. NOAA, cited 2016: Climate, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chesapeake Bay Office. [Available online at http://chesapeakebay.noaa.gov/features/climate] 353. NOAA, cited 2016: Continental United States Hurricane Impacts/Landfalls 1851-2015, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html] 354. NOAA, cited 2016: Deadliest tornadoes: The ten deadliest documented tornado events, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado- climatology/deadliest] 355. NOAA, cited 2016: F5 and EF5 tornadoes of the United States, 1950-present, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Storm Prediction Center. [Available online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f5torns.html]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

356. NOAA, cited 2016: Flash Floods in Hawaii, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Region Headquarters. [Available online at http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/pages/weather_hazards_stats.pdf] 357. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in Mississippi, Mississippi River Floods of 1927, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/ms-flood.shtml] 358. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in Montana, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/mt- flood.shtml] 359. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in Pennsylvania, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/pa-flood.shtml] 360. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in South Dakota, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/sd-flood.shtml] 361. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in Utah, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/ut- flood.shtml] 362. NOAA, cited 2016: Flooding in West Virginia Flood: November 1985 flood, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/wv-flood.shtml] 363. NOAA, cited 2016: Great Lakes dashboard, data download, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/dashboard/data/index.html] 364. NOAA, cited 2016: Hurricane Floyd storm summary, Newport/Morehead, North Carolina, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/mhx/Sep161999EventReview] 365. NOAA, cited 2016: June 29, 2012 derecho “The Ohio Valley/Mid-Atlantic Derecho of June 2012”, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/casepages/jun292012page.htm] 366. NOAA, cited 2016: May 31, 1985 tornado outbreak: 30th anniversary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/ctp/TornadoOutbreak_May311985] 367. NOAA, cited 2016: Mean sea level trend 8534720 Atlantic City, New Jersey, published October 15, 2013, retrieved June 16, 2015, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?stnid=8534720]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

368. NOAA, cited 2016: Mean sea level trends - Station selection: Connecticut (New London and Bridgeport), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Tides & Currents. [Available online at https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_states.htm?gid=1230] 369. NOAA, cited 2016: National Overview - May 2011 Flooding, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201105/supplemental/page-3] 370. NOAA, cited 2016: NOAA Service Education: Dissolved Oxygen, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/media/supp_estuar10d_disolvedox. html] 371. NOAA, cited 2016: NOAA Ocean Service Education: Salinity, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/media/supp_estuar10c_salinity.html] 372. NOAA, cited 2016: NWS - 1938 Great New England Hurricane, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/box/1938hurricane] 373. NOAA, cited 2016: NWS Boston - The great hurricanes of 1938, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/box/1938hurricane] 374. NOAA, cited 2016: Significant tornadoes and tornado outbreaks in the NWS Norman County warning area, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/oun/tornadodata] 375. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the climate: Drought for annual 2007, published online January 2008, retrieved on December 15, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/200713] 376. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Drought for Annual 2007, published online January 2008, retrieved on December 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/200713] 377. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Drought for August 2011, published online September 2011, retrieved on December 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/201108]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

378. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Drought for May 2012, published online June 2012, retrieved on December 20, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/201205] 379. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Global Hazards for February 2011, published online March 2011, retrieved on December 19, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/201102.http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/2 01102#winter] 380. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Hurricanes and Tropical Storms for September 2004, published online October 2004, retrieved on December 15, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200409] 381. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: National Overview for February 2014, published online March 2014, retrieved on December 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201402] 382. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: National Overview for October 2013, published online November 2013, retrieved on December 30, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201310] 383. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: National Overview for September 2011, published online October 2011, retrieved on December 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201109] 384. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: National Snow and Ice for January 2014, published online February 2014, retrieved on December 19, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/snow/201401] 385. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Tornadoes for Annual 2011, published online January 2012, retrieved on December 22, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201113] 386. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Tornadoes for Annual 2014, published online January 2015, retrieved on December 22, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201413]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

387. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Tornadoes for June 2014, published online July 2014, retrieved on December 22, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201406] 388. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the climate: Wildfires for annual 2012, published online January 2013, retrieved on December 15, 2016, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/201213] 389. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Wildfires for Annual 2012, published online January 2013, retrieved on December 22, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/201213] 390. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Wildfires for Annual 2012, published online January 2013, retrieved on December 29, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/201213] 391. NOAA, cited 2016: State of the Climate: Wildfires for September 2012, published online October 2012, retrieved on January 3, 2017, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/201209] 392. NOAA, cited 2016: Stratosphere an Accomplice for Santa Ana Winds and California Wildfires, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/Articl eID/11266/Stratosphere-an-Accomplice-for-Santa-Ana-Winds-and-California- Wildfires.aspx] 393. NOAA, cited 2016: Summary - The May 31, 1985 tornado outbreak (25th Anniversary), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.erh.noaa.gov/ctp/features/TornadoOutbreak_May1985/TornadoOutbreak_Ma y1985_Summary.pdf] 394. NOAA, cited 2016: The 10 costliest U.S. tornadoes since 1950, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Storm Prediction Center. [Available online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/damage$.htm] 395. NOAA, cited 2016: The epic floods of 2009, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.crh.noaa.gov/ffc/?n=0909epicflood] 396. NOAA, cited 2016: The Great Plains tornado outbreak of May 3-4, 1999, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-19990503]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

397. NOAA, cited 2016: The super outbreak of April 3-4, 1974, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather service. [Available online at https://www.weather.gov/iln/19740403] 398. NOAA, cited 2016: The tornado outbreak of May 20, 2013, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather service National Weather Service. [Available online at https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-20130520] 399. NOAA, cited 2016: This month in climate history: May 27, 1896, St. Louis tornado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/month-climate-history-may-27-1896-st-louis-tornado] 400. NOAA, cited 2016: Top 10 years for tornado fatality, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/?n=top10yrs_tordeaths] 401. NOAA, cited 2016: Top 5 Nebraska floods, Republican River flood of 1935, submitted by David Pearson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/media/gld/1935flood/pdf/Top5NebraskaFloods_for_HQ.pdf] 402. NOAA, cited 2016: Top ten KS tornadoes, Historical Kansas F5/EF5 tornadoes, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/ict/toptenkstors] 403. NOAA, cited 2016: Tornadoes on February 5, 2008 - Little Rock, AR, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lzk/?n=svr0208yr.html] 404. NOAA, cited 2016: U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information: [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/] 405. NOAA, cited 2016: U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration National Centers for Environmental Information: [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/] 406. NOAA, cited 2016: U.S. sea level rise trend map, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/slrmap.htm] 407. NOAA, cited 2016: U.S. Tornado Climatology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate- information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology] 408. NOAA, cited 2016: U.S. Tornado climatology: Average annual number of tornadoes, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado- climatology] 409. NOAA, cited 2016: What is nuisance flooding?, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance- flooding.html] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

410. NOAA, cited 2016: Wildfires for Annual 2012, published online January 2013, retrieved on December 19, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/fire/201213] 411. NOAA, cited 2016: Winter Storm, December 22-23, 2004, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lmk/pdf/dec2004snow.pdf] 412. NOAA, cited 2016. Advanced hydrologic prediction services, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office Binghamton, NY. [Available online at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=bgm&gage=wbrp1] 413. NOAA, cited 2016. Advanced hydrologic prediction services, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office State College, PA. [Available online at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=ctp&gage=HERP1] 414. NOAA, cited 2016. Executive summary on Tropical Storm Alberto, Natural Disaster Survey Reports, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/hrl/surveys/alberto/execsum.htm] 415. NOAA, cited 2016. Regional snowfall index (RSI): Historic storms, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow- and-ice/rsi/historic-storms] 416. NOAA, cited 2016. The Easter Freeze of April 2017: A Climatological Perspective and Assessment of Impacts and Services, Technical Report 2008-01, A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration /United States Department of Agriculture technical report, 56 pp. [Available online at http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr200801/tech- report-200801.pdf] 417. NOAA, cited 2016. The Easter Freeze of April 2017: A Climatological Perspective and Assessment of Impacts and Services, Technical Report 2008-01, A NOAA/USDA technical report, 56 pp, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr200801/tech-report-200801.pdf] 418. NOAA, cited 2016. The Easter Freeze of April 2017: A Climatological Perspective and Assessment of Impacts and Services, Technical Report 2008-01, A NOAA/USDA technical report, 56 pp. [Available onilne at http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/techrpts/tr200801/tech-report-200801.pdf] 419. NOAA, cited 2017: Climate of Wyoming, retrieved January 3, 2017, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_WY_01.pdf]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

420. NOAA, cited 2017: Flooding in Wisconsin, NOAA’s National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/wi-flood.shtml] 421. NOAA, cited 2017: Historical palmer drought indices: Maps, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information, retrieved January 3, 2017. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and- precip/drought/historical-palmers/psi/199601-201505] 422. NOAA, cited 2017: January, 1949 blizzard, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/unr/1949-01] 423. NOAA, cited 2017: May 30-31 derecho: “The Southern Great Lakes derecho of 1998”, retrieved January 3, 2017, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/casepages/may30- 311998page.htm] 424. NOAA, cited 2017: State of the Climate: National Overview for July 2014, published online August 2014, retrieved on January 5, 2017, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information. [Available online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201407] 425. NOAA, cited 2017: Worst snows in the state of Wisconsin from 1881 to present, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Available online at http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/mkx/pdf/snowstorms-wisconsin.pdf] 426. NOAA,, 2006: Hurricane Katrina August 23-31, 2005, Service Assessment, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, 50pp. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Katrina.pdf] 427. Northeast Regional Climate Center Data Resources, cited 2015: SC ACIS Version 2. [Available online at http://scacis.rcc-acis.org] 428. Northeast Regional Climate Center Data Resources, cited 2016: [Available online at http://scacis.rcc-acis.org] 429. Northeast Regional Climate Center Data Resources, cited 2016: SC ACIS Version 2. [Available online at http://scacis.rcc-acis.org] 430. Norton, C.W., P.-S. Chu, and T.A. Schroeder, 2011: Projecting changes in future heavy rainfall events for Oahu, Hawaii: A statistical downscaling approach. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17110. 431. Notaro, M., V. Bennington, and S. Vavrus, 2015: Dynamically downscaled projections of lake-effect snow in the Great Lakes Basin, Journal of Climate, 28, 1661-1684. 432. NPS, cited 2016: Lowering lake levels, National Park Service. [Available online at http://www.nps.gov/lake/learn/nature/lowering-lake-levels.htm] 433. NPS, cited 2016. Lake Mead: Lowering Lake Levels, National Park Service. [Available online at http://www.nps.gov/lake/learn/nature/lowering-lake-levels.htm] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

434. NRC, 2012: Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future, National Research Council of the National Academies, The National Academies Press, 259 pp. 435. NRCS, cited 2016: Monthly snow data. National Resources Conservation Service/National Water and Climate Center. [Available online at http://wcc.sc.egov.usda.gov/nwcc/rgrpt?report=snowcourse&state=OR&operation=View] 436. NSSL, cited 2016: Severe weather 101: Hail basics, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory. [Available online at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/hail/] 437. NSSL, cited 2017: Severe weather 101 - hail, retrieved January 3, 2017, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The National Severe Storms Laboratory. [Available online at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/hail/] 438. NWCC, cited 2016: Monthly snow data, National Water and Climate Center. [Available online at http://wcc.sc.egov.usda.gov/nwcc/rgrpt?report=snowmonth_hist&state=NV] 439. NWS, cited 2016: 1925 Tornado: NOAA/NWS 1925 tri-state tornado website--Tornado track, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/pah/1925Tornado_tt] 440. NWS, cited 2016: April 11th 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/iwx/1965_palmsunday_50] 441. NWS, cited 2016: , IL: February 1-2, 2011 blizzard summary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. [Available online at http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=lot&storyid=63527&source= 0] 442. NWS, cited 2016: Flooding in Illinois, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/il-flood.shtml] 443. NWS, cited 2016: Flooding in Indiana, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.floodsafety.noaa.gov/states/in-flood.shtml] 444. NWS, cited 2016: June 2, 1990 tornado outbreak, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/ind/june2_1990tor] 445. NWS, cited 2016: Super Tuesday tornadoes - National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/super_tuesday.pdf]

National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

Supplementary Material

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459. Parra, N., S. Williamson, M. Ruth, K. Ross, and D. Irani, 2008: Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Nevada: A review and assessment conducted by The Center for Integrative Environmental Research University of Maryland. [Available online at http://cier.umd.edu/climateadaptation/Nevada%20Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Clim ate%20Change.pdf] 460. Parris, A., P. Bromirski, V. Burkett, D. Cayan, M. Culver, J. Hall, R. Horton, K. Knuuti, R. Moss, J. Obeysekera, A. Sallenger, and J. Weiss, 2012: Global sea level rise scenarios for the United States National Climate Assessment. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1, 37 pp., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 33pp. [Available online at https://scenarios.globalchange.gov/sites/default/files/NOAA_SLR_r3_0.pdf] 461. Pasch, R.J., E.S. Blake, H.D. Cobb, and D.P. Roberts, 2006: Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Wilma 15-25 October 2005, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center, 27pp. [Available online at: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL252005_Wilma.pdf] 462. Penn State University, cited 2016: Subtropical Cyclones. [Available online at https://courseware.eeducation.psu.edu/public/meteo/subtropical_cyclones.html] 463. Rahmani, V., S.L. Hutchinson, J.A. Harrington, and J.M.S. Hutchinson, 2016: Analysis of frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events with potential impacts on flooding: A case study from the central United States. Int. J. Climatol., 36, 3578–3587, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4577. 464. Rao, V., ed., 2011: Massachusetts Climate Change Adaptation Report, submitted by the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs and the Adaptation Advisory Committee, 128 pp. [Available online at http://www.onlineethics.org/File.aspx?id=25960] 465. Rappaport, E., 1993: Preliminary Report: Hurricane Andrew 16-28 August, 1992. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center. [Available online at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html] 466. Ready Wisconsin, cited 2017: Top weather events in Wisconsin for 2011, retrieved January 3, 2017, 15pp. [Available online at http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/news/Top%20Weather%20Events%20in%20Wisconsin%2 0for%202011.pdf] 467. Regional climate scenario-- Aberdeen News, cited 2011: Excessive heat kills at least 1,700 cattle across the state. [Available online at http://www.aberdeennews.com/farmforum/news/aan-excessive-heat-kills-at-least-1700- cattle-across-the-state-20110721,0,5204476.story.] 468. RI Climate Change Commission, 2012: Adapting to Climate Change in the Ocean State: A Starting Point, 2012 Progress Report, 38 pp. [Available online at http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/Reports/Climate%20Change%20Commission%20Prog%20Re port%20Final%2011%2015%2012%20final%202.pdf] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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482. Smith, A. B., and R. W. Katz, 2013: US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: data sources, trends, accuracy and biases. Natural hazards, 67, 2, 387-410pp. 483. Snider, B., cited 2016: 100 highest mountains in the Rockies. [Available online at http://bradsnider.com/mountains/100.htm] 484. Snover, A.K, G.S. Mauger, L.C. Whitely Binder, M. Krosby, and I. Tohver, 2013: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Washington State: Technical Summaries for Decision Makers. State of Knowledge Report prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, 130 pp. [Available online at http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/snoveretalsok816lowres.pdf] 485. Southard, R.E. and B.J. Smith, 1995: Flood of 1993--Mississippi River Near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri, Fact Sheet FS-188-95, United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. [Available online at http://mo.water.usgs.gov/fact_sheets/fs-188-95-southard/report.pdf] 486. Spracklen, DV, L.J. Mickley, J.A. Logan, R.C. Hudman, R. Yevich, M.D. Flannigan, and A.L. Westerling, 2009: Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D20301, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010966. 487. State Climate Office for Illinois, 2011: Over 10 Million in Illinois Impacted by Storm, accessed February 5 2016. [Available online at https://climateillinois.wordpress.com/2011/02/11/over-10-million-in-illinois-impacted- by-storm/] 488. State of Connecticut, cited 2016: Connecticut climate preparedness plan. [Available online at http://www.ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?a=4423&Q=528012&deepNav_GID=2121] 489. State of Connecticut, Department of Energy & Environmental Protection, cited 2016. [Available online at http://www.ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?a=2688&q=322366] 490. State of Delaware, cited 2016: What is climate change - and what does it mean for Delaware? [Available online at http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/ClimateChange/Pages/Climate%20change%20and%2Del aware.aspx] 491. State of New Jersey, 2012: Christie administration releases total Hurricane Sandy damage assessment of $36.9 billion, Newsroom, Press Releases, published November 28, 2012, retrieved May 15, 2015. [Available online at http://www.nj.gov/governor/news/news/552012/approved/20121128e.html] 492. States at Risk, cited 2016: Kansas, America’s Preparedness Report Card. [Available online at http://assets.statesatrisk.org/summaries/Kansas_report.pdf] 493. Stewart, B.C., K.E. Kunkel, L.E. Stevens, and L. Sun, 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 7. Climate of Alaska. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-7, 60 pp. [Available online at https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/technical-reports] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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494. Strauss, B., C. Tebaldi, S. Kulp, S. Cutter, C. Emrich, D. Rizza, and D. Yawitz (2015). Alabama and the surging sea: A vulnerability assessment with projections for sea level rise and coastal flood risk. Climate Central Research Report. pp 1-30. 495. Strauss, B., C. Tebaldi, S. Kulp, S. Cutter, C. Emrich, D. Rizza, and D. Yawitz, 2015: Alabama and the surging sea: A vulnerability assessment with projections for sea level rise and coastal flood risk. Climate Central Research Report. 30 pp. [Available online at 496. Strauss, B., C.Tebaldi, S. Kulp, S. Cutter, C. Emrich, D. Rizza, and D. Yawitz, 2015: Mississippi and the Surging Sea: A vulnerability assessment with projections for sea level rise and coastal flood risk. Climate Central Research Report. pp 1-30. [Available online at http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/uploads/ssrf/MS-Report.pdf] 497. Sweet, W., J. Park, J. Marra, C. Zervas, S. Gill, 2014: Sea level rise and nuisance flood frequency changes around the United States: NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 073, 66 pp. [Available online at http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/NOAA_Technical_Report_NOS_COOPS_ 073.pdf] 498. Technical Supplement, 2012: The Oregon conservation strategy: potential impacts of global climate change in Oregon’s nearshore ocean. [Available online at http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/docs/climate_change/Climate_Chang e_Supplemental_pdf_9_25_12.pdf] 499. Tennessee State Library and Archives, cited 2016: Disasters in Tennessee. [Available online at http://share.tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/index.htm] 500. The Alaska Climate Research Center, cited 2016: Temperature changes in Alaska. [Available online at http://akclimate.org/ClimTrends/Change/TempChange.html] 501. The Center for Climate Strategies, cited 2016: West Virginia actions. [Available online at http://www.climatestrategies.us/policy_tracker/policy/index/49] 502. The Cocorahs ‘State Climates’ Series, cited 2016: . [Available online at http://www.cocorahs.org/Media/docs/ClimateSum_MA.pdf] 503. The Cocorahs ‘State Climates’ Series, cited 2016: Delaware’s climate. [Available online at http://www.cocorahs.org/Media/docs/ClimateSum_DE.pdf] 504. The Cocorahs ‘State Climates’ Series, cited 2016: Is weather in New Hampshire really that bad? New Hampshire’s Climate. [Available online at http://www.cocorahs.org/Media/docs/ClimateSum_NH.pdf] 505. The COCORAHS ‘State Climates’ Series, cited 2016: Nevada’s Climate, Nevada’s extremes reign supreme. [Available online at http://www.cocorahs.org/Media/docs/ClimateSum_NV.pdf] 506. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture, cited 2016: Flood of 1927, The Central Arkansas Library System. [Available online at http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2202]

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507. The Impacts of Climate Change on Connecticut Agriculture, Infrastructure, Natural Resources and Public Health: A Report by the Adaptation Subcommittee to the Governor’s Steering Committee on Climate Change, 2010: 195pp. [Available online at http://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/climatechange/impactsofclimatechange.pdf] 508. The New Hampshire, cited 2016: Winter snowfall totals double annual. [Available online at http://www.tnhdigital.com/winter_snowfall_totals_double_annual_average/] 509. The Pennsylvania Observer, 2011: July 2011 - Pennsylvania weather recap, Pennsylvania State Climatologist. [Available online at http://www.climate.psu.edu/features/summary/Summary0711.pdf] 510. The State of Idaho, cited 2016: Idaho floods! A flood awareness guide for the gem state, 48pp. [Available online at http://www.bhs.idaho.gov/pages/Preparedness/Hazards/PDF/Idaho%20Flood%20Booklet .pdf] 511. The Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, 2011: Resilience: A report on the health of Vermont’s environment, 28pp. [Available online at http://anr.vermont.gov/sites/anr/files/aboutus/documents/Resilience%202011.pdf] 512. The White House, 2014: Fact sheet: What climate change means for Nevada and the Southwest. [Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/NEVADA_NCA_2014.pdf] 513. The White House, cited 2016: Fact sheet: What climate change means for Alabama and the Southeast and Caribbean. [Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/statereports/ALABAMA_NCA_2014. pdf] 514. The White House, cited 2016: Fact sheet: What climate change means for Maine and the Northeast, published May 6, 2014, retrieved April 15, 2015. [Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/MAINE_NCA_2014.pdf] 515. The White House, cited 2016: Fact sheet: What climate change means for New Hampshire and the Northeast. [Available online at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/NEWHAMPSHIRE_NCA_2014.pdf] 516. The White House, cited 2016: The threat of carbon pollution: Idaho, Fact sheet. [Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/climate/Idaho%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf] 517. The White House, cited 2016: The threat of carbon pollution: Nevada, Fact sheet. [Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/climate/Nevada%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf] 518. The White House, cited 2016: The threat of carbon pollution: South Carolina, Fact sheet. [Available online at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state- reports/climate/South%20Carolina%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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519. Thomas R.K., J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson, eds., 2009: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, Cambridge University Press, 196pp. [Available online at https://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-report.pdf] 520. Tompkins, F. and C. Deconcini, 2014: The climate change connection to U.S. public health, Fact Sheet, World Resources Institute. [Available online at http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/WRI14_Factsheets_US_Public_Health_0.pdf] 521. Tornado History Project, cited 2016: Tornadoes in Kentucky. [Available online at http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Kentucky] 522. Tornado History Project, cited 2016: Tornadoes in Tennessee. [Available online at http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Tennessee] 523. Trauernicht, C, E. Pickett, C.P. Giardina, C.M. Litton, S. Cordell, and A. Beavers, 2015: The contemporary scale and context of wildfire in Hawai'i. Pacific Science, 69, 427-444, http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/69.4.1. 524. U.S. Department of Interior, 2009: Elephant Butte Reservoir, published May 5, 2009, retrieved June 18, 2015. [Available online at https://www.usbr.gov/uc/elpaso/water/Reservoirs/ElephantButte/Elevation.html] 525. U.S. DOD, 2012: Remnants of Tropical Storm Lee and the Susquehanna river basin flooding of September 6-10, 2011, Regional Service Assessment, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 64pp. [Available online at http://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/LeeSusquehanna12.pdf] 526. U.S. DOT, 2015: U.S. DOT Gulf Coast study, phase 2, FHWA-HEP-14-053, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. [Available online at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/adaptation/case_studies/gulf_coa st_study/gcsph2.pdf] 527. U.S. DOT, cited 2016: Climate variability and change in Mobile, Alabama, 6. Sea level rise, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, Office of Planning, Environment, & Realty (HEP), Climate Adaptation, Gulf Coast Study, Phase 2/Task 2, Mobile Variability. [Available online at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/climate_change/adaptation/ongoing_and_current _research/gulf_coast_study/phase2_task2/mobile_variability/variablerpt06.cfm] 528. U.S. Drought Monitor Map Archive, cited 2016: U.S. drought monitor Conus. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData/MapArchive.aspx] 529. U.S. EPA, 2014: Climate change indicators in the United States, 2014, Third edition, EPA 430-R-14-004, 112pp, United States Environmental Protection Agency. [Available online at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016- 07/documents/climateindicators-full-2014.pdf] 530. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, cited 2016: Climate Change in the Pacific Region. [Available online at http://www.fws.gov/pacific/climatechange/changepi.html]

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543. USDA, cited 2016: 2012 Arkansas drought information, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ar/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_034977] 544. USDA, cited 2016: 2012 Missouri drought information (archived content), Natural Resources Conservation Service Missouri, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/mo/home/?cid=stelprdb1080895] 545. USDA, cited 2016: Current Water Year Snow and Precipitation Reports, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/id/snow/products/?cid=nrcs144p2_0477 88] 546. USDA, cited 2016: Maps and Data, United States Department of Agriculture United States Drought Monitor. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData.aspx] 547. USDA, cited 2016: Maps and Data, United States Drought Monitor United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData.aspx] 548. USDA, cited 2016: Secretarial disaster designations - CY 2012, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA- FSA-Public/usdafiles/Disaster-Assist/disaster_map_cropyr_2012.pdf] 549. USDA, cited 2016: U.S. Drought monitor CONUS, U.S. Drought Monitor Map Archive, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData/MapArchive.aspx] 550. USDA, cited 2016: West Virginia adaptation workbook, United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/category/regional-forests/united- states/eastern-region-r9/west-virginia] 551. USDA, United States Drought Monitor, cited 2015: Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories United States Department of Agriculture. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData/DataTables.aspx] 552. USDA, United States Drought Monitor, cited 2015: Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories. [Available online at http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/MapsAndData/DataTables.aspx] 553. USEPA, 2016: What climate change means for North Dakota, United States Environmental Protection Agency. [Available online at https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/impacts-adaptation/climate-change- ND.pdf] 554. USGS, 1995: Flood of 1993—Mississippi River near the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Arch), St. Louis, Missouri, Fact Sheet FS-186-95, 2pp., United States Geological Survey Missouri Water Science Center. [Available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0188/report.pdf] National Centers for Environmental Information | State Climate Summaries

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