HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Summary of Sources

The old county of is now covered by two local authorities. Gloucestershire County Council is still responsible for the majority of the rural areas while the smaller unitary authority of South Gloucestershire includes the more urbanised areas to the NE of Bristol including, Thornbury, Chipping Sodbury, Yate and the urban fringes of Bristol itself. The county is rich in minerals, and in the past has supported industries exploiting iron, coal, sandstone and limestone.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire is divisible into three historically distinct landscapes: , Severn Valley and the Cotswolds. Of these, the Forest of Dean appears to have been a focus for the most research into extractive industries recorded by the HER where coal and iron occur. This area has been the focus of much recent archaeological attention, including the Forest of Dean Archaeological Survey (2008). This is now available for viewing, but not dowloading, on the worldwide web at: http://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=1950

Despite other mineral industries existing in this county, and having a presence in the HER, the main sources of information for these are general or regional industrial archaeology studies. No specific research examining sources of Cotswold stone (Oolitic Limestone) are listed in the HER and for quarries generally, although recorded, the materials produced are unspecified.

An important piece of work on the iron industry published in 2007 is the results of the Scowles Survey of the Forest of Dean, which includes a full and comprehensive bibliography. The most relevant entries have been included in the list for Gloucestershire below. The full report is available on the web via the ADS website: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/

One major source of data for the Gloucestershire HER has been the National Mapping Project (NMP) and other aerial photographic transcriptions, which have greatly increased the number of extractive industry entries. The summary reports that accompany The Forest of Dean and Cotswolds NMP maps are available as NMR records and can be searched for at the Pastscape website at: http://www.pastscape.org.uk/TextPage.aspx

Several industrial and mining interest societies are active in Gloucestershire. All have published material in the past, and some details are available from their respective websites:

Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society http://www.b-i-a-s.org.uk/ Gloucester Society for Industrial Archaeology http://www.gsia.org.uk/ South Gloucestershire Mines Research Group http://www.sgmrg.co.uk/ Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society http://www.bgas.org.uk/tbgas/bgi.php (Transactions fully digitized on line 1876-2004)

Abbreviations DAG = Dean Archaeological Group GCCAS = Gloucester County Council Archaeology Services, GSIA = Gloucester Society for Industrial Archaeology OAU = Oxford Archaeology Unit

Bibliography compiled from ther Gloucestershire HER and other sources Anon 1989 Drybrook Quarry Extension, Drybrook, Gloucestershire. Archaeological Assessment (OAU unpub report) Anon 2002 Clearwell Quarry Extension, Stowe Hill, Gloucestershire. (unpub evaluation report for Clearwell Caves) Atkinson, S & Josephs, A et al 1998 Comparative survey of Scowles in the Forest of Dean. (report) Atty, N, Berry J, Gemmil M et al (eds) 2005 Exploring Gloucestershire’s Industrial Heritage. GSIA: Gloucester Awdry, W Rev (ed) 1983 Industrial Archaeology in Gloucestershire 3. Gloucester: Bailey Beddis, L-J 1993 ‘A brief introduction to the stone quarries and the evidence for stone quarries of the Forest of Dean’ Dean Archaeol 6, 30-41 Bick, D E 1970 Darkhill and The Mushet Family Briston. Bristol: UBP Bick, D E 1980 The Old Industries of Dean. Newent: Pound House Bick, D E 1987 Gloucester and Cheltenham Tram Road and the Leckhampton Quarry Lines 2nd Edition. Oxford: Oakwood Press Bick, D 1990 ‘Early iron ore production from the Forest of Dean and district’ Historical Metallurgy 24, 39-42 Bridgewater, N P 1969 ‘Iron mining and working sites in and around the Forest of Dean’ Bull Hist Metall Group 2.1, 27-32 Brayshaw, S 2002 Leckhampton Hill and Charlton Kings Common Management Plan Summary. (unpub report) Cranstone, D 1994 ‘Scowles at Sling, Coleford’ in J Hoyle Land at Sling, Coleford, Gloucestershire A preliminary Archaeological Assessment (GCCAS -unpub report ) Cross, A G R 1982 Old Industrial Sites in Wyedean: a gazetteer. Gloucester: Evans Derham, K 1999 An Archaeological Evaluation between the Winding Wheel and Bream Church, Bream, Gloucestershire (GCCAS unpub report) Fryer, W H 1906 ‘Notes on the iron ore mines of the Forest of Dean, and of the history of their working’ Trans Bristol Glouc Arch Soc 29, 311-16 Geddes, J 1991 ‘Iron ‘ In Blair, J & Ramsay, N (ed) English medieval Industries, 167-188. London Gentles, D & Austen, D 2002 ‘Crab Apple Cave at Clearwell’ Dean Archaeology 15, 14 Hart, C E 1968 ‘Darkhill Iron Works and the Forest Steel Works’ Bulletin Historical Metalurgy Soc 1, 4-5 Hart, C 1971 The Industrial History of Dean: with an introduction to its industrial archaeology. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Hart, C E 2002 The Free Miners of the Royal Forest of Dean and Hundred of St. Briavels. Lydney: Lightmoor Press Hoyle, J P 2001 Scowles to the north of Blake's Wood, in Blake's Wood and in Dingle Wood, Staunton Coleford and Coleford, Gloucestershire. (GCCAS unpublished management plan for Friest Enterprise) Hoyle, J P 2003 Chestnuts Wood, Littledean, Gloucestershire: A report on archaeological desk-based data Collection and field survey. (GCCAS – unpub report) Hoyle, J, Butler, L, Tait, G and Wooton, D 2007 The Scowles and Associated Iron Industry Survey Project No 3342. GCCAS [has a comprehensive bibliography and is available on the web via ADS] Hoyle, J 2008 Forest of Dean Archaeological Survey. (GCCAS report – see web resource above) Isaac, J 1991 Prioritisation of Archaeological Sites on Forestry Commission Land in the Forest of Dean. (GCCAS report) Johnson, B L C 1953 ‘New Light on the Iron Industry of the Forest of Dean’ Trans Bristol and Glouc Arch Soc 72, 129-143 Marshall, P D 2003 ‘Reconstructing the environmental impact of past metallurgical activities’ in P Murphy & P E J Wiltshire (ed) The Environmental Archaeology of Industry, 10-18. Oxford Mullin, D 1988 ‘Some millstone quarry locations in the Forest of Dean’ New Regard for the Forest of Dean 4, 53- 9 Mullin, D 2005 The Aggregate Landscape of Gloucestershire: Predicting The Archaeological Resource (EH Project Number 3346; GCCAS unpub report Nicholls, HG 1966 Nicholl's Forest of Dean: an historical and descriptive account. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Oldham, T 2002 The Mines of the Forest of Dean and Surrounding Areas. Cardigan: Privately published Paar, H W 1971 The Great Western Railway in Dean: A History of the Railways of the Forest of Dean, Vol 2. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Pope, I & Karau, P 1992 The Forest of Dean Branch. Didcot: Wild Swan Price, A 2007 ‘Cheltenham Stone. The Whittington Quarries’ Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club. Rawes, B 1977 ‘Darkhill Unearthed’ Glevensis, 2. Rawes, B (ed) 1978 ‘Archaeological Review Notes No.2’ Trans Bristol and Glouc Arch Soc 96. Schubert, H R 1953 ‘The King’s Iron Works in the Forest of Dean 1612-1674’ Iron and Steel Inst, 173 Scott-Garrett, C 1959 ‘Roman Iron Mine in Lydney Park’ Trans Bristol and Glouc Arch Soc, 78, 86-91. Sim, D & Ridge, I 2002 Iron for the Eagles The iron industry of Roman Britain. Stroud Standing, I 1986 Coleford Local Plan. GCCAS (report) Standing, I 1986 ‘Review of Archaeology in the Forest of Dean, 1985-86’ Glevensis 20, 35. Strassburger, E (nd) Early Ochre-Mining in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. (Clearwell Caves Mining Museum – unpub document) Walters, B 1992 The Forest of Dean Iron Industry. (DAG Occ Paper 4) Wildgoose, P 1993 The Forest of Dean as a Major Centre of the iron industry from Roman to medieval times. (unpub thesis) Wildgoose, P 1988 ‘Surface mining of ore at Wigpool, Forest of Dean The Forest of Dean’ The New Regard of the Forest of Dean, 4, 5-12 Wilkinson, M 1992 ‘A field survey of lime-kilns in the Forest of Dean: part one – a concise history of lime- burning’ Dean Archaeol 5, 37-49 Wilson, R 2001 ‘The Industrial Archaeology of Leckhampton Hill’ Glouc Soc Industrial Arch J Youles, T 2003 ‘Delving in Dean: The Delves - An Area of Unrecorded Early Coal Mining’ Glouc Soc Industrial Arch J Youles, T 2004 ‘Delving in Dean: The Delves - An Area of Unrecorded Early Coal Mining (Part Two)’ Glouc Soc Industrial Arch J

SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Bick, D 1970 ‘An Atmospheric Engine House in Gloucestershire’ Gloc Soc Industrial Arch Newsletter 14, 14-16 Buchanan, R A 1969 Industrial Archaeology of the Bristol Region. Newton Abbot: David and Charles Buchanan, R A 1980 Batsford Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Central Southern . Batsford Cornwell, J 1983 The Collieries of Kingswood & South Gloucestershire. Brown Cornwell, J 1991 ‘Excavation and Conservation Works at the Golden Valley Collieries’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 23,12-18 Cornwell, J 1989 ‘Industrial Archaeology and the Avon Ring Road’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 21, 12-18 Cossons, N 1967 Industrial Monuments of the Mendip, South Cotswold and Bristol Region. BARG Davis, G 1977 ‘Coalmining at Newton St Loe’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 10, Erskine, J G 1990 A46 realignment Tormarton Upper Swainswick. (?unpub report) Gill, S and Ravensdale, A 1988 Westerleigh Mines Survey (part 2). (?unpub report) Grudgings, S 2008 ‘Yate No 2 Colliery - Site Investigations Update’ SGMRG Newsletter 19, 20-4 Grudgings, S 2009 Siston Common Newcomen Engine House. (publication unknown) Hardwick, D 1999 Cromhall Colliery New Engine Works. (building survey report) Hardwick, D 2000 ‘The Cromhall Collieries’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 33, Hardwick, D 2001 ‘Kingswood Coal – Part Four’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 34, King, A (B&RAS) 2004 Archaeological Watching Brief at Nos 15-17 Eggshill Road Yate. (includes Eggshill Colliery) La Trobe Bateman, E 1998 Avon Extensive Urban Survey Assessment Report. (?unpub report) Pollard, P 1982 Sketch plan of Colliery and tramway, Ram Hill. Ravensdale, A 1988 Parish Survey (of Mining Sites in) Pucklechurch. (Colliery Wood Pit Coxgrove Hill Pucklechurch) Smith, R B J 1999 ‘The Ochre Mines and Works at Wick South Gloucestershire’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 31,17-27 South, 2009 ‘Frog Lane Colliery: Sixty Years On’ (publication unknown) Southway, M 1971 ‘Kingswood Coal – Part One’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 4, Southway, M J H 1972 ‘Kingswood Coal – Part Two’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 5, 23-31 Watts, M 1976 ‘Animal Powered Machinery in the Bristol Region’ Bristol Industrial Arch Soc J 9,