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Dysregulated Expression of Lipid Storage and Membrane Dynamics Factors in Tia1 Knockout Mouse Nervous Tissue

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Dysregulated Expression of Lipid Storage and Membrane Dynamics Factors in Tia1 Knockout Mouse Nervous Tissue Neurogenetics DOI 10.1007/s10048-014-0397-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dysregulated expression of lipid storage and membrane dynamics factors in Tia1 knockout mouse nervous tissue Melanie Vanessa Heck & Mekhman Azizov & Ta n j a S t e h n i n g & Michael Walter & Nancy Kedersha & Georg Auburger Received: 28 January 2014 /Accepted: 3 March 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract During cell stress, the transcription and translation decreased levels for Bid and Inca1 transcripts. Novel and sur- of immediate early genes are prioritized, while most other mes- prisingly strong expression alterations were detected for fat stor- senger RNAs (mRNAs) are stored away in stress granules or age and membrane trafficking factors, with prominent +3-fold degraded in processing bodies (P-bodies). TIA-1 is an mRNA- upregulations of Plin4, Wdfy1, Tbc1d24,andPnpla2 vs. a −2.4- binding protein that needs to translocate from the nucleus to seed fold downregulation of Cntn4 transcript, encoding an axonal the formation of stress granules in the cytoplasm. Because other membrane adhesion factor with established haploinsufficiency. stress granule components such as TDP-43, FUS, ATXN2, In comparison, subtle effects on the RNA processing machinery SMN, MAPT, HNRNPA2B1, and HNRNPA1 are crucial for included up to 1.2-fold upregulations of Dcp1b and Tial1.The the motor neuron diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/ effect on lipid dynamics factors is noteworthy, since also the gene spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and for the frontotemporal de- deletion of Ta rd b p (encoding TDP-43) and Atxn2 ledtofat mentia (FTD), here we studied mouse nervous tissue to identify metabolism phenotypes in mouse. In conclusion, genetic ablation mRNAs with selective dependence on Tia1 deletion. of the stress granule nucleator TIA-1 has a novel major effect on Transcriptome profiling with oligonucleotide microarrays in mRNAs encoding lipid homeostasis factors in the brain, similar comparison of spinal cord and cerebellum, together with inde- to the fasting effect. pendent validation in quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoblots demonstrated several strong and consistent Keywords TIA-1 . Transcriptome . Cell cycle . Lipid dysregulations. In agreement with previously reported TIA1 trafficking . RNA processing machinery . Motor neuron knock down effects, cell cycle and apoptosis regulators were disease . Frontotemporal dementia . Cerebellar ataxia affected markedly with expression changes up to +2-fold, exhibiting increased levels for Cdkn1a, Ccnf,andTprkb vs. Abbreviations Angptl4 Angiopoietin-like 4 Atxn2 Ataxin-2 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article Bid BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (doi:10.1007/s10048-014-0397-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Ccnf Cyclin F Cdkn1a Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21/Cip1) : : : * M. V. Heck M. Azizov T. Stehning G. Auburger ( ) Cntn4 Contactin-4 Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Building 89, 3rd floor, Theodor Stern Dcp1b DCP1 decapping enzyme homolog B Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S. cerevisiae) e-mail: [email protected] Fgfrl1 Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 Inca1 Inhibitor of CDK cyclin A1 interacting protein 1 M. Walter Institute for Medical Genetics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Mfsd2a Major facilitator superfamily domain containing Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2A and angiopoietin-like 4 Nde1 Nuclear distribution gene E homolog 1 (NudE N. Kedersha neurodevelopment protein 1) Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Smith 652, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Pabpc1 Poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 MA 02115, USA Plin4 Perilipin-4 Neurogenetics Pnpla2 Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 The role of SGs in human pathology have become increas- Pnpla7 Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 7 ingly clear, since mutations in several SG components are re- Tbc1d24 TBC1 domain family member 24 sponsible for hereditary degeneration syndromes of peripheral Tbp TATA-box-binding protein and central motor neurons, namely amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Ta rd b p TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and frontotemporal Tia1 T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 cytotoxic dementia (FTD). SG component proteins with a causal role for granule-associated RNA-binding protein (TIA-1) motor neuron diseases include TDP-43 (gene symbol TARDBP) Tial1 TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding [20–23], FUS [24–26], ATXN2 [27–29], SMN [30, 31], Tau protein-like 1 (gene symbol MAPT)[32, 33], HNRNPA2B1, and HNRNPA1 Tprkb Tp53rk binding protein [34]. In the SG component ATXN2, the presence of a Ts e n 2 tRNA splicing endonuclease 2 homolog polyglutamine domain mutation may lead to pathogenic unstable (S. cerevisiae) expansions. Intermediate size ATXN2 expansions comprise a Wdfy1 WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 1 risk factor for ALS through mRNA-mediated TDP-43 interac- (FENS-1) tion [27, 35–37], while larger polyglutamine expansions in ATXN2 lead to Levodopa-responsive Parkinsonism [38]orto prominent cerebellar involvement with later progression to a multisystem atrophy of the nervous system, known as Introduction spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) [39]. Like TIA-1, several of these RNA-binding proteins shuttle from the nucleus to the Cells have evolved various mechanisms to compensate different cytoplasm during cell stress, and for TDP-43, it is known that its types of environmental stress like UV irradiation, oxidative cytoplasmic accumulation depends on cyclin-dependent kinases stress, or heat. Cytoplasmic stress responses include the forma- [40]. While the protein composition of SGs is under intense tion of stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P-bodies) investigation [41],muchworkremainstobedonefortheiden- [1–4]. During stress, most messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are re- tification of mRNAs regulated by SGs, particularly in the vul- moved from ribosomal translation, thus conserving energy and nerable nervous tissue. allowing stress-induced damage repair or degradation [5]. While While all of these disease-associated proteins and their target SGs are thought to be a place where the bulk of mRNAs, as well RNAs shuttle to preformed SGs, the initial stress-induced nucle- as some proteins, undergoes storage and triage, P-bodies contain ation of SGs appears dependent on TIA1, TIAL1, TTP, G3BP1/ mRNAs dedicated for decay [6]. This is compatible with the 2, and FMRP [10, 32]. G3BP1 deletion results in massive observation that SGs contain mRNAs within stalled translation neuronal death during embryogenesis, suggesting that it has a initiation complexes including 40S ribosomal subunits but are developmental role independent from its role(s) in the stress devoid of eIF2, whereas P-bodies contain multiple mRNA response [42]. TIA-1 is well characterized as a SG-nucleating decapping enzymes [6]. Both SGs and P-bodies are dynamic protein, and Tia1 knockout (KO) mice not only exhibit grossly structures that assemble and disassemble rapidly [7]. They share normal brain development, but also exhibit high embryonic a common pool of components and can fuse to exchange lethality, consistent with dysregulation of a stress response [16]. mRNAs [2, 6, 8]. In contrast to P-bodies, SGs only exist tran- We now used these mice for a transcriptome screen of nervous siently during stress conditions [6]. tissue at adult age, aiming to define the consequences of defective This formation of cytoplasmic SGs depends on the shuttling SG formation on RNA processing. The results confirm previous of the 43 kDa protein TIA-1 from the nucleus and on the results obtained from human TIA1 knock down experiments in aggregation of a C-terminal proteolytic TIA-1 fragment of HeLa cells about cell cycle regulator modulation [19]. 15 kDa that includes a glutamine-rich prion-related domain Importantly, our data documented novel strong effects on lipid (PRD) [1, 9–11]. TIA-1 was initially identified as T-cell- storage and membrane dynamics factors. These insights may restricted intracellular antigen 1 and was subsequently investi- help to understand the disordered mRNA regulation, which gated particularly in immunological cell types [12]. It contains makes a major contribution to the pathology underlying motor also three RNA-recognition motifs (RRM) and binds to adenine/ neuron diseases [43, 44]. uridine-rich elements (AREs) in the 3’-untranslated region of mRNAs. TIA-1 (gene symbol TIA1) and its homolog TIAR (gene symbol TIAL1) have roles not only in the nucleus for gene Material and methods transcription and pre-mRNA splicing [13, 14], but also in the cytoplasm for mRNA stability and translation regulation [5, 15, Animals 16]. TIA-1 is associated with diverse cell processes including inflammation [16], apoptosis [17], autophagy [18], and cell Tia1 KO mice (bred into C57BL6/J background for more than proliferation [18, 19]. 10 generations) were obtained from Harvard University, Dana Neurogenetics Farber Cancer Institute. In these mice, homologous recombi- out with the software platform R 2.14.0 and Bioconductor nation of exon 4 results in a shortened Tia1 mRNA and 2.14.0 [45]. First, the complete expression information from absence of the 43 kDa TIA-1 protein [16]. C57BL6/J wild- every chip was background corrected, quantile normalized, type (WT) mice from The Jackson Laboratory
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