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Asparagopsis Armata Mediterranean invasive species factsheet www.iucn-medmis.org Species report Asparagopsis armata AFFILIATION ALGAE SCIENTIFIC NAME AND COMMON NAME REPORTS Asparagopsis armata 22 Key Identifying Features A red seaweed with two morphologically different stages during its development, a gametophyte stage and a tetrasporophyte stage. Its cylindrical, bare main stolons (1mm wide, 200 mm long) are irregularly branched, with bushy fronds. Its lower branchlets are long and have hooks that resemble harpoons. 2013-2021 © IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation. More info: www.iucn-medmis.org Pag. 1/5 Mediterranean invasive species factsheet www.iucn-medmis.org Another alien species of red algae, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, occurs in similar Identification and Habitat habitats. It can be distinguished in its gametophyte stage by the crozier-shaped, The gametophyte stage is pale purplish-red, hook-like, modified branches that it forms. quickly degenerating when removed from the Other species that look similar water and becoming distinctly orange. It can be found growing as an epiphytic alga on other algal species, especially Corallina sp. The tetrasporophyte stage is a brownish-red, filamentous, branched alga, forming dense cotton-wool-like tufts 15 mm in diameter. Usually this alga develops on infralittoral rocky bottoms from the surface to a depth of 40 m. Reproduction It is able to reproduce sexually and has a two-phase (heteromorphic diplohaplontic) life cycle with two main morphologically different stages during its development. The gametophyte phase, which was the form named Asparagopsis armata, has either male or female organs; this is followed by a microscopic carposporophyte middle stage, and then by the tetrasporophyte phase, which was originally named Falkenbergia rufolanosa. The gametophyte and sporophyte stages are also capable of reproducing vegetatively. Drifting gametophytes readily attach to other algae by barbed branchlets and produce new shoots. ‘Falkenbergia’ also disperses by flotation. Similar Species Gametophytes of Asparagopsis armata can be easily misidentified as another successful invader, Asparagopsis taxiformis, but the presence of harpoon-like hooks in A. armata distinguishes it. A. armata is able to survive and thrive in colder environments than A. taxiformis, which has an affinity for much warmer waters. The genus as a whole appears to have a high invasive potential. These seaweeds disperse with water currents, attached to floating objects. 2013-2021 © IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation. More info: www.iucn-medmis.org Pag. 2/5 Mediterranean invasive species factsheet www.iucn-medmis.org Economic Impacts Pharmaceutical trials have shown the potential pharmaceutical compounds of A. armata that exhibites strong activity against fish pathogenic bacteria. Management Options Once it has become invasive, eradication and even containment are not possible. The species might be controlled most efficiently and effectively, and at the lowest cost, early in the invasive process. Further Reading Altamirano M., Román A., De la Rosa J. C., Barrajón-Mínguez, A., Barrajón-Menech, A., Moreno, C., Arroyo, C. 2008. The invasive species Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) on Andalusian coasts (Southern Spain): reproductive stages, new records and invaded communities. Acta Botánica Malacitana, Nº 33, 2008, 5-10. Ní Chualáin, F., Maggs, C.A., Saunders, G.W. & Guiry, M.D., 2004. The invasive genus Asparagopsis (Bonnemaisoniaceae, Rhodophyta): molecular systematics, morphology, and History and Route of ecophysiology of Falkenbergia isolates. Journal Introduction of Phycology 40: 1112-1126. Native to Western Australia, this species was probably introduced into European waters through oyster aquaculture. Nowadays it is distributed throughout Europe in both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean basin, and it is highly invasive. Ecological Impacts Unknown, but it probably outcompetes native species for space and light. 2013-2021 © IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation. More info: www.iucn-medmis.org Pag. 3/5 Mediterranean invasive species factsheet www.iucn-medmis.org Map of sightings of the species Asparagopsis armata Legend Algae Angiosperm Cnidarians Centre for Mediterranean Molluscs Crustaceans Ascidians Cooperation Combjellies / Fishes Ctenophores More Information: Guide and reports platform for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Mediterranean. www.iucn-medmis.org 2013-2021 © IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation. More info: www.iucn-medmis.org Pag. 4/5 Mediterranean invasive species factsheet www.iucn-medmis.org MPAs, Country Date Density Measure Cape Madona, Slovenia Before 2013 -- -- Porto Cesareo, Italy Before 2013 -- -- Strunjan, Slovenia Before 2013 -- -- Cap de Creus, Spain Before 2013 -- -- Alboran, Spain Before 2013 -- -- Posidonies du Cap d'Adge, France Before 2013 -- -- Iles Habibas, Algeria Before 2013 -- -- Cabo de Gata Nijar, Spain Before 2013 -- -- Parque Natural del Estrecho, Spain Before 2013 -- -- Acantilados de Maro Cerro Gordo, Spain Before 2013 -- -- El Montgra, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter, Spain Before 2013 -- -- Tavolara - Punta Coda Cavallo, Italy Before 2013 -- -- Isole Pelagie, Italy Before 2013 -- -- Calanques, France 13/04/2014 -- -- Calanques, France 11/07/2016 -- -- -- 27/09/2016 -- -- -- 15/10/2016 -- -- -- 15/10/2016 -- -- -- 20/11/2016 -- -- -- 09/12/2016 -- -- -- 10/01/2017 -- -- -- 20/01/2017 -- -- How to cite this tab: Asparagopsis armata - Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet for Mediterranean Network of MPAs. From Online Database MedMIS (IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation, Download date 03/10/2021. More information about this species from: Otero, M., Cebrian, E., Francour, P., Galil, B., Savini, D. 2013. Monitoring Marine Invasive Species in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): A strategy and practical guide for managers. Malaga, Spain: IUCN. 136 pages www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2013-008-Es.pdf . Funded by: This collaborative effort is supported by:.
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