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Bike Tours of Cambridge 2008 BIKE TOURS OF CAMBRIDGE 2008 TRAILS, SAILS, RAILS, AND WHEELS 2008 CAMBRIDGE TRANSPORTATION HISTORY TIMELINE RIDE INFO: www.cambridgebikes.org Sponsored by Cambridge Bicycle Committee Boston & Lowell Railroad RIDE INFO: www.cambridgebikes.org First bridge to Boston, the Cambridge Bridge First span at trains skirt the edge of East Native American Trails opens (later know as West Boston Bridge; River Street Bridge opens Cambridge along the banks Early Roads replaced by the Longfellow Bridge in 1906) (replaced in 1924) of the Millers River Daily stage coach operations start between trails, Boston & Cambridge 1400s and earlier 1600s 1662 1793 1803 1807 1811 1824 1835 1841 1842 First bridge over the March 8 February First span at Charlestown January 5 Charles outside Harvard Cambridge & Concord Cambridge & Concord Western Avenue Branch Passenger service on the ‘ice trains’ Square (present location of Turnpike Corporation was Turnpike opens from Bridge opens Railroad built between Fresh Pond and Charlestown n n o o sails, i i t t c c e e l l l Cambridge Common to (replaced in 1926) to serve ice Lars Anderson Bridge) established by act of the l o o C C SATURDAY MAY 17 e May 30 e g g a Concord houses at Massachusetts legislature a m m I I First commuter rail service: Charlestown S S H H Fresh Pond C C , , y y t t to Porter Sq. and Fresh Pond e e i CAMBRIDGE i c c o o S S l l a a c c i i rails, r r TRANSPORTATION o o t t s s i i H H e e g g d d HISTORY i i r r b b left to right: Harvard Square 1860, m m a a C C e cattle yards in Porter Square, cow tunnel e h h t t f f o o below Walden Street, onmibus in front y y s s e e t t r r and u of 147 Brattle Street u o wheels o C C One way to understand a city’s history and appearance WESTWARD HO! THE FIRST TURNPIKE THE CATTLE ARE COMING! THE CATTLE ARE COMING! is to find the vestiges of past transportation modes. Over 150 years before the opening of the Massachusetts Turnpike, the When we think of cattle drives, we typically think of cowboys, hors - Cambridge Concord Turnpike connected the two villages. Constructed in es, and the Wild West, but cattle drives in Cambridge were a com - Massachusetts Avenue began as an Indian path that a nearly straight line between Cambridge Common and Concord Center, mon event during the early 20th century. Potter’s slaughterhouse followed the flat, dry route between rivers and hills. the route was encumbered by steep hills, particularly near Belmont Center. west of Porter Square was one of several in the city. Cattle would be driven over the roads from farms outside the city, even from as far Driving cattle to Porter Square’s slaughter houses was In Cambridge, between 1805 and 1806, the turnpike began at the West away as Maine. With the coming of the railroads, cattle from the Boston Bridge in Cambridgeport (now Kendall Square) and ran westerly so important that railroads were required to provide Midwest would be unloaded at rail yards in North Cambridge and along today’s Broadway to Cambridge Common, skirting Harvard College passages under their bridges. Central Square was the herded through the streets of Cambridge. by 90 feet as required by law. West of the Common, it followed today’s destination of the Boston omnibus, a horse-drawn Concord Avenue northwest past Fresh Pond to Belmont Center. While there When the ‘ice railroad’ was built west to Fresh Pond, the local cattle carriage that ran on tracks. Getting ice from Fresh Pond were no tollgates within Cambridge (as the result of a lawsuit), one gate drovers insisted on accommodation for the cattle drives. Bridges was erected about 1/2 mile west of Fresh Pond, and another in Lincoln. over the tracks were built at Hampshire Street (now Beacon Street) to Charlestown for shipment to the Caribbean spurred and North Avenue (now Massachusetts Avenue). The Walden Street The privately owned turnpike was not economically successful, probably early railroad development. Huron Avenue’s shops grew Bridge, just west of Porter Square, was built with a cattle passage because it bypassed Lexington and its steep hills created difficulties for Location of former Harvard Branch Railroad Station, now the area of Austin Hall, Harvard Law School (within white circle) to connect the Kidder-Sargent farm with Potter’s slaughterhouse. up around the stops of the first electric trolleys. A rise horse-drawn carts. (The new routes built later for railroads tended to follow in the sidewalk in Harvard Square hides an abandoned the gentle grades of river valleys.) In May 1829 the turnpike became a pub - RAILS TO TRAILS: TO NORTHAMPTON VIA lic road. Its entire route through Cambridge remains today as city streets. subway tunnel. Join us as we bicycle around Cambridge THE CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS The last railway to be built in Cambridge was the first to be com - and through history, passing the relics of transportation RAILS TO HARVARD YARD (63 YEARS BEFORE THE RED LINE) pletely converted to a multi-use trail. Opened in 1881 as far west as modes both ancient and modern. Hudson, MA the line reached Northampton in 1887. Between 1890 and A little-known fact of Cambridge transportation history is that the first 1893, the Central Massachusetts Railroad was part of a long-dis - train service to Harvard Square began 63 years before the subway station tance route, connecting south to Harrisburg, PA, and Washington, DC, opened there. The Harvard Branch Railroad provided train service direct via the Poughkeepsie Bridge (one of the few early spans across the AM to Harvard Yard, with a depot near Austin Hall at Harvard Law School. start: 10:15 arrival at Hudson River). Cambridge Common trails, Built in the summer and fall of 1849, the line started service at the end 10:30 AM ride starts of 1849. The 3/4-mile line branched off the Fitchburg Railroad near the Beginning in 1900, things went downhill. The Central Massachusetts ends: Cambridge Common sails, present-day Park Street crossing. The service lasted only 6 years, but at Location of former cattle pens in Porter Square (within white circle) had become part of the Boston & Maine, which also acquired the ride length: 11 miles rails, its peak, the line provided 10 round trips to Charlestown, with some trips operated the branch line, abandoned the tracks; this was the first rail - Fitchburg, a superior east-west route. Still, two or three round trips ride time: approx 2.5 hours to Boston. Competition from the horse-drawn omnibus to Boston con - road in the U.S. to be abandoned. No evidence of the line remains; how - ran between Boston and Northampton through the 1920s. A hurri - and wheels tributed to the railroad’s demise. In 1855 the Fitchburg Railroad, which ever, Museum Street follows the old right of way. cane in 1938 severed the line at Barre, and through service ended. March 23 TRAILS, SAILS, RAILS, AND WHEELS 2008 CAMBRIDGE TRANSPORTATION HISTORY TIMELINE RIDE INFO: www.cambridgebikes.org Harvard Square subway 1920s December Harvard Charles River Road August 3 station opens, Cambridge- Last schooners to Lechmere Branch Railroad begins Harvard Branch Last river transport (now Memorial Drive) Longfellow Bridge Dorchester Tunnel subway and Broad Canals River Street Bridge service from Boston to Railroad abandoned to wharfs in constructed along the opens (replacing West service to Park Street opens (replacing original Harvard Yard Harvard Square river banks Boston Bridge) begins with stations at 1920s span of 1811) Central and Kendall Ford assembled Model Ts Squares at 640 Memorial Drive 1845 1849 1856 1855 1881 1890 1889 1892 1894 1906 1912 1912 1912 1920s 1922 1924 1926 Henry David Thoreau travels First horsecar line in New October 1 Horse car lines changed Huron Avenue electric Anderson Memorial June 1 July 9 John W. Weeks through Cambridge on England: Boston to Mt. Central Massachusetts to electric streetcars streetcar line opens, Bridge open Lechmere Viaduct opens: Direct streetcar service footbridge opens Fitchburg Railroad between Auburn Cemetery Railroad opens from replacing horsecar line Direct streetcar service to Subway ends; riders his cabin at Walden Pond Cambridge to Hudson, MA on Brattle Street from Harvard Square to change at Lechmere. Western Avenue and Boston Scollay Square via Bridge opens Cambridge Street (replacing original span of 1824) FIRST HORSE-CAR LINE IN NEW ENGLAND left to right: trolley ticket, Following the route of the first stagecoach to Boston, the first horse-car Cambridge omnibus, ice cutting line entered Cambridge over the West Boston Bridge (predecessor of the at Fresh Pond Longfellow Bridge). Following the routes of Main Street and Massachusetts Avenue, the horse-car line passed through Harvard Square and headed west out Brattle Street past Mount Auburn Cemetery to the Belmont line. A large horse-car barn was constructed at the end of n o i t On its east end, the line across North Cambridge remained and even as far away as India, insulated by a coating of sawdust, wood c e l the line; this building now houses the Star Market on Mt. Auburn Street. l o C important until 1980 for freight traffic to Boston, bypassing the shavings, or rice chaff. e g As the horse-car lines were converted to electric trolleys in the 1890s, the a m I S tight clearances on the Fitchburg line at Porter Square.
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