TOGOLAISE ET DES RESSOURCES FORESTIERES Travail – Liberté – Patrie

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TOGOLAISE ET DES RESSOURCES FORESTIERES Travail – Liberté – Patrie MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT REPUBLIQUE TOGOLAISE ET DES RESSOURCES FORESTIERES Travail – Liberté – Patrie Stratégie et Plan d’Action National pour la Biodiversité du Togo SPANB 2011-2020 RAPPORT FINAL AOUT 2014 Projet GFL/2328 -2716-4C37-2226 (Togo/NBSAP NR5) Appui à l’actualisation de la Stratégie et plan d’action national pour la Biodiversité et élaboration du 5ème rapport sur la diversité biologique MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DES RESSOURCES FORESTIERES SECRETARIAT GENERAL DIRECTION DES RESSOURCES FORESTIERES QAD, 52 Rue de la Kozah ; 01 BP : 355 Lomé ; Tél : 22 21 40 29 / 22 21 04 ; E-mail : [email protected]/[email protected] STRATEGIE ET PLAN D’ACTION NATIONAL POUR LA BIODIVERSITE DU TOGO SPANB 2011-2020 Lomé, Togo Août 2014 Table des matières Sigles et acronymes ............................................................................................................. iv Résumé exécutif ................................................................................................................. vii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 11 2. DEFINITIONS DE LA BIODIVERSITE .............................................................................................. 13 3. CONTEXTE ET PROCESSUS D’ACTUALISATION DE LA SPANB DU TOGO .............................. 14 4. GENERALITES ....................................................................................................................................... 17 4.1. Contextes administratif et biophysique ................................................................ 17 4.1.1. Zonage administratif ..................................................................................................17 4.1.2. Zonage écologique ....................................................................................................18 4.1.3. Relief et climat ..........................................................................................................20 4.1.4. Ressources en eau ....................................................................................................21 4.1.5. Utilisation, occupation des terres et tendances d’évolution ...........................................21 4.2. Contextes politique, social, et économique ........................................................... 24 4.2.1. Contexte politique .....................................................................................................24 4.2.2. Contexte socio-économique .......................................................................................25 4.2.3. Cadres juridique et institutionnel ................................................................................27 PARTIE I: BIODIVERSITE DU TOGO .................................................................................................... 33 I.1. Diversité des écosystèmes .................................................................................. 33 I.1.1. Ecosystèmes aquatiques .............................................................................................33 I.1.2. Ecosystèmes marins ...................................................................................................35 I.1.3. Ecosystèmes terrestres ...............................................................................................35 I.1.5. Sites naturels potentiels de biodiversité au Togo ..........................................................38 I.1.5.1. Aires protégées .......................................................................................................38 I.2. Diversité des espèces ......................................................................................... 43 I.2.1. Faune ........................................................................................................................43 I.2.2. Flore .........................................................................................................................45 I.2.3. Valeur de la biodiversité, services des écosystèmes et contribution au bien-être humain 49 I.2.4. Principaux défis de la biodiversité: causes et conséquences de la perte de la biodiversité .........................................................................................................................................50 I.2.5. Cadre passé et actuel de la gestion de la biodiversité ...................................................58 PARTIE II — STRATEGIE NATIONALE POUR LA BIODIVERSITE ................................................. 60 II.1. Importance de la stratégie, enjeux et mise en adéquation avec les objectifs mondiaux .................................................................................................................... 60 II.2. Vision .............................................................................................................. 63 II.3. Orientations stratégiques ................................................................................... 63 II.4. Objectifs et actions prioritaires ........................................................................... 64 II.4.1. Orientation stratégique A: Susciter une culture commune ...........................................66 II.4.2. Orientation stratégique B: Renforcer les avantages tirés pour tous de la diversité biologique et des services fournis par les écosystèmes ..........................................................68 II.4.3. Orientation stratégique C: Améliorer le cadre juridique et institutionnel, et la gouvernance .......................................................................................................................71 II.4.4. Orientation stratégique D: Développer les connaissances sur les ressources biologiques nationales ...........................................................................................................................72 II.4.5. Orientation stratégique E: Renforcer les capacités techniques et humaines ..................76 i II.5. Mise en œuvre de la stratégie ......................................................................................78 II.5.1. Leçons tirées de la SPANB (2003-2010) ............................................................ 78 II.5.1.1. Forces ...................................................................................................................78 II. 5.1.2. Faiblesses ............................................................................................................79 PARTIE III — PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA BIODIVERSITE DU TOGO ........................................... 87 III.1. Cadrage stratégique ......................................................................................... 87 III.2. Durée et planification opérationnelle ................................................................. 89 III.3. Plan national de communication et de sensibilisation pour la SPANB ..................... 97 III.3.1. Etat des lieux des canaux de communication au Togo ................................................97 III.3.3. Groupes cibles .........................................................................................................99 III.3.4. Mécanisme de mise en œuvre du plan de communication sur la SPANB .................... 102 III.4. Mobilisation des ressources pour la mise en œuvre de la SPANB ........................ 104 III.4.1. Enjeux de la mobilisation ....................................................................................... 104 III.4.2. Etat des lieux de la mobilisation des ressources financières au Togo: cadre juridique et réglementaire et mécanismes de financement actuel de la biodiversité ................................. 104 III.4.3. Perspectives de mobilisation des ressources financières ........................................... 105 III.4.4. Faiblesses du Togo en matière de mobilisation des ressources financières extérieures ....................................................................................................................................... 117 III.5. Conditions de succès de la SPANB ................................................................... 117 III.5.1. Préalable ............................................................................................................... 117 III.5.2. Mesures d’accompagnement .................................................................................. 118 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 119 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ..................................................................................................................................... 121 ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................................... A ANNEXE 6 : LISTE DES INSTITUTIONS ET PERSONNES AYANT PARTICIPE A L’ACTUALISATION DE LA STRATEGIE ET PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA BIODIVERSITE (2011- 2020) .......................................................................................................................................................... UU ii Liste des tableaux Tableau 1 : Classes d’utilisation et d’occupation des terres (1975, 2000 et 2010) ............... 22 Tableau 2 : Evolution de la pauvreté monétaire selon les milieux de résidence .................. 26 Tableau 3: Principaux indicateurs de développement ......................................................
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