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Anilbaran Roy. the Message of the Gita

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Anilbaran Roy. the Message of the Gita Anilbaran Roy. The Message of the Gita Contents Pre Content Preface Conspectus Introduction Kurukshetra The Creed Of The Aryan Fighter The Yoga Of The Intelligent Will Works And Sacrifice The Determination Of Nature The Possibility And Purpose Of Avatarhood The Divine Works The Significance Of Sacrifice Renunciation And Yoga Of Works Niravana And Works In The World The Two Natures The Synthesis Of Devotion And Knowledge The Supreme Divine Works, Devotion And Knowledge The Supreme Word Of The Gita God In Power Of Becoming Time The Destroyer The Double Aspect The Way And The Bhakta The Field And Its Knower Above The Gunas The Three Purushas Deva And Asuras The Gunas, Faith And Works The Gunas, Mind And Works Swabhava And Swadharma Towards The Supreme Secret The Supreme Secret The Story Of The Gita The Historicity Of Krishna Some Psychological Presuppositions Glossary Index Preface The Gita is a great synthesis of Aryan spiritual culture and Sri Aurobindo's luminous exposition of it, as contained in his Essays on the Gita , sets out its inner significances in a way that brings them home to the modern mind. I have prepared this commentary summarising its substance with the permission of Sri Aurobindo. The notes have been entirely compiled from the Essays on the Gita and arranged under the slokas in the manner of the Sanskrit commentators. Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 21st February, 1938, ANILBARAN CONSPECTUS FIRST CHAPTER _Kurukshetra Arjuna, the representative man of his age, is over come with dejection and sorrow at the most critical moment of his life on the battle-field of kurukshetra, and raises incidentally the whole question of human life and action, the whole exposition of the Gita revolves and completes its cycle round this original question of Arjuna. 1 - 12 SECOND CHAPTER The answer of the Teacher proceeds upon two different lines: 1.(1-38) The Creed of the Aryan Fighter First, a brief reply founded upon the philosophic and moral conceptions of Vedanta and the social idea of duty and honour which formed the ethical basis of Aryan society 13 - 24 II.(39-72) The Yoga of the Intelligent Will Another reply founded on a more intimate knowledge, opening into deeper truths of our being, which is the real starting-point of the teaching of the Gita. The Gita lays the first foundation by subtly unifying Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta. 24-45 THIRD CHAPTER I.(1-26) Works and Sacrifice Arjuna, the pragmatic man, is perplexed by metaphysical thought and asks for a simple rule of action. The Gita begins to develop more clearly its positive and imperative doctrine of works, - of works done as a sacrifice to the Divine. 46-57 II.(27-43) The Determinism of Nature Arjuna is told that he must act always by the law of his nature. “All existences follow their nature and what shall coercing it avail?” 58-65 FOURTH CHAPTER I.(1-15) The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood The divine Teacher, the Avatar, gives his own example, his own standard to Arjuna. In India the belief in the reality of the Avatar, the descent into form, the revelation of the Godhead in humanity has grown up and persisted as a logical outcome of the Vedantic view of life and taken firm root in the consciousness of the race. 66-73 II.(16-23) The Divine Worker Equality, impersonality, peace, joy and freedom -these are the signs which distinguish a divine worker; they are all profoundly subjective and do not depend on so outward a thing as doing or not doing works 74-78 III.(24-42) Th3e Significance of Sacrifice The Gita brings out the inner meaning of the Vedic sacrifice, interpreting the secret symbolism of the ancient Vedic mystics. 79-85 FIFTH CHAPTER -Renunciation and Yoga of Works The Gita, after speaking of the perfect equality of the Brahman-knower who has risen into the Brahman-consciousness, develops in the last nine verses of this chapter its idea of Brahmayoga and of Nirvana in the Brahman. 86-93 SIX CHAPTER -Nirvana and Works in the World This chapter is full development of the idea of the closing verses of the fith, - that shows the importance which the Gita attaches to them. 94-106 SEVENTH CHAPTER The seventh to the twelfth chapters lay down a large metaphysical statement of the nature of the Divine Being and on that foundation closely relate and synthetise knowledge and devotion, just as the first part of the Gita relate and synthetised works and knowledge in giving the primary basic of its teachings. I.(1-14) The Two Natures The Gita makes the distinction between the two Natures, the phenomenal and the spiritual. Here is the first new meta-physical idea of the Gita which heips it to start from the notions of the Sankhya philosophy and yet exceed them and give to their terms a Vedantic significance. 107-116 II.(15-30) The Synthesis of Devotion and Knowledge The Gita is not a treatise of metaphysical philosophy. It seeks the highest truth for the highest practical utility. Thus it turns the philosophic truth given in the opening section of this chapter into the first starting-point for the unification of works, knowledge and devotion. 117-124 EIGHTH CHAPTER – The Supreme Divine We have here the first description of the Supreme Purusha,-the Godhead who is even more and greater than the Immutable and to whom the Gita gives subsequently (as in the fifteenth chapter) the name of Purushottam. The language here is taken bodily from the Upanishads. 125-131 NINTH CHAPTER -Works, Devotion and Knowledge What the Gita now proceeds to say is the most secret thing of all. It is the knowledge of the whole Godhead which the Master of his being has promised to Arjuna (VII-I). To direct the whole self Godwards in an entire union is the way to rise out of a mundane into a divine existence. 135-148 TENTH CHAPTER I. (1-11) The Supreme Word of the Gita The divine Avatar declares, in a brief reite ration of the upshot of all that he has been saying, that this and no other is his supreme word. 149-154 II, (12-42) God in Power of Becoming This section enumerates examples of Vibhutis or forms in which the Divine manifests its power in the world. It leads up to the vision of the World-Purusha in the next chapter. 155-164 ELEVENTH CHAPTER The Vision of the World-Spirit I. (1-34) Time the Destroyer 165-173 II- (35-55) The Double Aspect The Time figure of the Godhead is now revealed and from the million mouths of that figure issues the command for the appointed action to the liberated Vibhuti. This vision of the universal Purusha is one of the most powerfully poetic passages in the Gita. 174-180 TWELFTH CHAPTER—The way and the Bhakta In the eleventh chapter the original object of the teaching has been achieved and brought up to a certain completeness. What remains still to be said turns upon the difference between the current. Vedan- tic view of spiritual liberation and the larger comprehensive freedom which the teaching of the Gita opens to the spirit. The twelfth chapter leads up to this remaining knowledge and the last six that follow develop it to a grand final conclusion. 181-188 THIRTEENTH CHAPTER—The Field and its Knower The distinctions between Purusha and Prakriti, Soul and Nature, rapidly drawn in this chapter in the terms of the Sankhya Philosophy, are the basis on which the Gita rests its whole idea of the liberated being made one in the conscious law of its existence with the Divine. 189-200 FOURTEENTH CHAPTER—Above the Gunas The Gita now proceeds to work out its ideas of the action of the gunas, of the ascension beyond the gunas and of the culmination of desireless works in know- ledge where knowledge coalesces with bhakti,—knowledge, works and love made one,—and it rises thence to its great finale, the supreme secret of self-surrender to the Master of Existence. 201-212 FIFTEENTH CHAPTER—The Three Pwushas The entire doctrine of the Gita converges, on all its lines and through all the flexibility of its turns, towards one central thought—the idea of a triple consciousness, three and yet one, present in the whole scale of existence. All that is now brought together into one focus of grouping vision. This chapter opens with a description of cosmic existence in the Vedantic image of the aswattha tree. 213-221 SIXTEENTH CHAPTER—Deva and Asura The Gita now proceeds to give the psychological discipline by which our human and earthly nature can be trans- muted. But first it prefaces the consideration of this enlightening movement by a distinction between two kinds of being, the Deva and the Asura. 222-230 SEVENTEENTH CHAPTER—The Gunas, Faith and Works The Gita next gives an analysis of action in the light of the fundamental idea of the three guna? and the transcendence of them by a self-exceeding culmination of the highest sattwic discipline. In this chapter it lays special stress on Faith, shraddha, the will to believe and to be, know, live and enact the Truth as the principal factor. 231-241 EIGHTEENTH CHAPTER I. (1-39) The Gunas, Mind and Works The Gita enters into a summary psychological analysis of the mental powers before it proceeds to its great "finale, the highest secret which is that of a spiritual exceeding of all dharmas. 242-255 II. (40-48) Swabhava and Swadharma In this section the Gita deals with an incidental question of great importance— the ancient social idea of chatwvarnya, which was a very different thing from the present day caste system.
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