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August 2020 Vol. 34, No. 4 www.PhotonicsSociety.org

Multicore Fiber Now Closer to Enter Telecommunications Market than Ever

Also Inside: • Improved IEEE Author Center & IEEE AuthorLab Tools • IEEE Photonics Society Selects the 2020 Distinguished Service Recipient Introducing IEEE Collabratec™ The premier networking and collaboration site for technology professionals around the world.

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FEATURE

Industry Highlight ��5 –– Multicore Fiber Now Closer to Enter Telecommunications Market than Ever

12 Industry Engagement ��8 • Life at a Photonics Startup: Lessons Learned

Get to Know Your IEEE Photonics Society Leadership ...... 12

Photonics Worldwide—This is My Lab ...... 14

News ...... 15 • Improved IEEE Author Center & IEEE AuthorLab Tools • IEEE Day 2020 Events Will Be Virtual

Careers and Awards ...... 17 • IEEE Photonics Society Selects the 2020 Distinguished Service Recipient • Election of Board of Governors Candidates • Distinguished Lecturer Selection for 2020-21 16 • Call for Nominations: IEEE Technical Field Awards and Eric Herz Staff Award

Membership ...... 19 • What’s Next with Photonics Outreach in Kenya? • The University of Warsaw’s Student Branch Chapter Online Transformation • IDL 2020 Virtual Symposium: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati • IEEE COVID-19 HUB: IEEE On the Front Lines • COVID-19: Pre-University & STEM Outreach Resources Available

Conference ...... 26 • vPVSC: Virtual 2020 IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference • BIGGS 2020

Publications ...... 30 • JSTQE CFP: Biophotonics 19 • JSTQE CFP: Nanobiophotonics • JSTQE CFP: Semiconductor Lasers • JSTQE CFP: Hybrid Integration for Silicon Photonics • JSTQE CFP: Machine Learning in Photonic Communications and Measurement Systems • PTL: IEEE Photonics Conference 2020 • JOCN: Machine Learning Applied to QoT Estimation in Optical Networks

COLUMNS

Editor’s Column ...... 2 President’s Column ...... 3

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 1 Editor’s IEEE Photonics Society Column

NICOLAS FONTAINE President National Autonomous University of Carmen Menoni Mexico I hope everyone is staying safe during this pandemic. Colorado State University USA Circuito Exterior s / n, Ciudad Phone: 970-491-8659/555 Universitaria, This summer has been very strange for me due to a com- Email: [email protected] AP 70-360; Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico bination of three things that have seemed to eliminate Past President Email: [email protected] Chennupati Jagadish any productivity; the pandemic forcing us to socially dis- Associate Editor of Asia & Pacific Australian National University tance, our labs moving, and supervising a toddler at the Nicholas H. L. Wong Canberra, Australia GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte. Ltd. house. I’ve gotten very little real work done even though Ph: +61-2-61250363 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D Street 2 Email: ChennupatiJagadish@anu Singapore 738406 I have been “working” all the time. We are nearly 70% .edu.au Email: [email protected] complete with our move, and I’m looking forward to the Secretary-Treasurer Associate Editor of Northern Europe days when I am productive again! Dan M. Marom Martin Lavery The Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Engineering The industry highlight is provided by InPhoTech, a School of Engineering Rankine Building fiber company in Poland. They are developing novel fi- Edmund Safra Campus University of Glasgow Jerusalem, Israel 91904 Oakfield Avenue bers to increase the capacity of future optical networks. Tel: + 972 2 658 4851 G12 8LT The industry engagement column, “Life at a Photon- Email: [email protected] [email protected] Associate Editor of Southern Europe Board of Governors ics Startup” is provided by John MacDonald. It provides Ivana Gasulla N. Fontaine A. Peacock some great insight into how demand is created and the ITEAM Research Institute M. Hutchinson S. Ralph Universitat Politècnica de València responsibility of industry to create demand and provides A. Kasukawa M. Sander Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia M. Mashanovitch S. Savory Spain numerous historical examples! Thanks to Daniel Renner N. Nishiyama M. Suzuki Email: [email protected] L. Oxenlowe J. Yao for running this column and John for contributing! Student Editor The get to know your Photonics Society leadership Vice Presidents Naznin Akter Conferences—Perry Shum INSYST Integrated Nanosystems features Fatima Garcia-Gunning. She is the VP of Mem- Finance & Admin—Xiuling Li Research Laboratory bership of the Society and is a Senior Staff Researcher at Membership & Regional Electrical and Computer Engineering, Activities—Fatima Garcia-Gunning EC-3975 Tyndall University. Our student editor, Naznin Akter, Publications—Aaron Hawkins Florida International University 10555 W Flagler Street. Technical Affairs—Lesile Ann Rusch helps put these together! Miami, FL 33174 The Photonics Worldwide column is run by our stu- Newsletter Staff Email: [email protected] dent editor, Senta Jantzen. This issue features three young Editor-in-Chief Student Editor Nicolas Fontaine Senta L. Jantzen professionals, Angeles Camacho from the University of Nokia Bell Laboratories Optoelectronics Research Centre Southampton, Shaimaa Ali, a lecturer at the Zewail City 791 Holmdel Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 University of Southampton 732-888-7262 Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK of Science and Technology in Egypt, and Grace Kuo a Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Ph.D. student at the University of California, Berkeley. Associate Editor of Australia Staff Editor We are always looking for new content for the news- Joel Carpenter Lisa Sandt letter. If you have something you would like to show off The University of Queensland Australia IEEE Photonics Society Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072 445 Hoes Lane such as a new lab, exciting results, exciting conference, Email: [email protected] Piscataway, NJ 08854 Tel: 1 732 465 6662 or even some funny experience please reach out to us! Associate Editor of Central, Latin and Fax: 1 732 981 1138 South American Email: [email protected] Juan A. Hernandez Cordero Institute of Materials Research Department of Rheology and Mechanics of Materials

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2 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 President’s Column

CARMEN S. MENONI

In my career as an educator, I have greeted freshmen and four tinuing education from across IEEE. There are more than 600 years down the road attended their graduations. I have active- educational courses available, free and at-cost. If you are look- ly recruited graduate students and mentored them through- ing to advance your career, refresh your skills, or just curious out graduate school into post-graduation and the job search. about the latest trends, ILN has helpful content. The IEEE In either case, I have sensed how some students find it harder Photonics Society was one of the initial Societies to support the than others to become ‘part of a team’ and transition beyond foundation of this platform. the classroom. All of us, at a certain point in our career, when Moreover, the IEEE has rolled out extended online offer- we start a new job or a new activity, have to break barri- ings to improve the organization’s IEEE Author Center to help ers in our behavior to integrate. Self-confidence goes a long new authors navigate publishing at this time and recruit new way in furthering your career, and volunteering provides the volunteer reviewers. The Center now has a section for new outlet to improve this valuable trait. So, an important part authors, a new look and feel, and improved search capability, of our profession is to help students and future innovators making finding what you’re looking for easier than ever. The of tomorrow feel welcome, empowered and become engaged website is a one-stop resource for all IEEE authors and editors, both technically and professionally. This is also a goal of the offering tailored insight for those publishing in journals, con- IEEE Photonics Society that “strives to provide its members ferences, books, and magazines. Since its launch, the IEEE Au- in varying stages of careers with opportunities to grow pro- thor Center has helped over 1 million authors worldwide learn fessionally and technically.” how to publish with IEEE. More information can be found at To accomplish this goal, the Society has created programs ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org and any questions can be sent to the that include activities such as peer-to-peer connections, con- IEEE Author Engagement team at [email protected]. tinuing education and volunteering opportunities. Browsing To grow our community, a research center database where through the Membership & Outreach, Education & Careers and members and volunteers can actively search for photonics cen- Chapters & Communities webpages one could get a glimpse of ters and institutions was also added to our website. Our hope all the opportunities the Society has implemented to target the is that this resource will assist our volunteers and student chap- professional development of its members, at every level. ters to facilitate academic exchange. If you would like your Through its extensive engagement programs, the IEEE Pho- institution or research center added to this map, please visit tonics Society provides opportunities to students and young pro- our website at PhotonicsSociety.org. fessionals to participate at conferences, to present papers and to Furthermore, chapters have the opportunity to invite cur- interact with its members. In particular, the Mentor Match pro- rent IEEE Photonics Society Distinguished Lecturers (DLs) to gram at the IEEE Photonics Society annual meeting, and other give virtual talks at their chapter meetings or local conferences. sponsored conferences, provides a one-on-one link between a stu- A new class of DLs was recently announced, including Gabri- dent or young professional and an established professional to dis- ella Cincotti (University Roma Tre), Zetian Mi (University of cuss issues that range from specific technical questions to career Michigan, Ann Arbor), Shilong Pan (Nanjing University of goals. Owing to the impediments that COVID-19 has imposed Aeronautics and Astronautics, China), Unil Perera (Georgia in limiting personal interactions, it is even more pressing to sup- State University), Federico Rosei (INRS-EMT), and Zeev Za- port our members and facilitate engagement within the photon- levsky (Bar-Ilam University). To request a Distinguished Lec- ics community. Therefore, the Society has expanded the mentor turer for an upcoming event, review the list of Distinguished program through an eMentor Match and Mentor Hour Meetups. Lecturers’ various talks on the Society website and reach out I have been fortunate to participate in one of the “Mentor to the lecturer directly by email. Distinguished Lecturers are Hour Meetups” through WebEx that specifically spotlighted volunteers of the Society, not full-time staff. Meaning, lectur- career options. It was very well attended with students and ers determine their speaking arrangements and time commit- young professionals from several continents, with all absolute- ments around their individual, work-life balance schedules. ly engaged. We are also offering a series of webinars presented I have been lucky to serve as a DL in the past, which was a by experts covering broad topics in Photonics and e-learning rewarding experience I will always treasure. I encourage our courses on state-of-the-art Photonics technologies and meth- chapters to seek out the lecturers, as the technical, industrial ods. For example, in partnership with IEEE Educational Activ- and/or entrepreneurial contributions shared are unparalleled. ities, the IEEE Photonics Society has fully launched an eLearn- The IEEE Photonics Society is aware that engaging diverse ing Course program, “Finite Element Method for Photonics.” talent into our field needs to start early on as well, thus it The program includes (5) modules on numerical approaches for has established Pre-University Outreach programs that offer practical modelling and simulation. resources to members to perform K-12 outreach instructions The course is featured on the IEEE Learning Network with students and educators. This effort showcases how fasci- (ILN), which is an online, ad-hoc website for discovering con- nating it is to work with light and the broad impact photonics

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 3 technologies have on our daily lives. Our hope is to help par- roles, for example, with conferences or publications. If you ents and teachers with remote learning options during this are a young professional interested in serving, you can com- global pandemic. Kits are currently available on a first-come- plete a Volunteer & Speaker Database intake form (http://bit first-serve basis. More information can be found here: https:// .ly/2Ok6awP). The IEEE Young Professionals affinity group, bit.ly/30wOcdT of the parent IEEE, has also launched a new µVolunteering The Society also has an active Young Professionals program platform to help facilitate micro-volunteering. The hope is to whose goal is provide young professionals, up to 15 years post retain engaged members who have less time to serve as well their first degree, with resources to evaluate their career goals, as enable project- and skill-based volunteering. More informa- refine their skills and grow a professional network. There tion will come on this platform in the coming months, after are ample opportunities to volunteer and take on leadership its initial testing stage. We have dedicated volunteer leaders participating in the launch. Paramount to our membership efforts is to expand the diversity of the photonics community by increasing participation of women and marginalized people in Science, Technology, Engi- neering and Mathematics (STEM). The IEEE Women in Pho- tonics program achieves this by actively promoting activities that support the participation, engagement and advancement of women. A recent example, is a “Wiki Needs Women,” co- sponsored event with The Optical Society (OSA), that focused on training members as editors on Wikipedia and creating new profiles on prominent women engineers in photonics. To date, over 80 new profiles have been drafted, created and updated. Additionally, the IEEE Photonics Society is “committed to providing equal opportunity to scientists and engineers, regardless of ethnicity, race, nationality, disability, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, religion, gender, age, and/or personal identity.” Our policy is to continually improve our practices in order to build and maintain an environment that re- flects the rich diversity of the photonics and optics scientific community. To reaffirm our mission, the Society’s leadership is working closely with other social impact organizations in STEM who directly focus on diversity and inclusion practices. We have met with our partners the National Society of Black Physicists (NSBP) to discuss a Sister Society Agreement and future collaborations, like a Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCU) Sym- posium, Mentoring Across Differences programs, ‘Industry Inspires’ Diversity efforts, showcases at the IEEE Photon- ics Conference, etc. In 2019, Membership Council established the ‘Change Champion’ Pro- gram that showcases volunteers and leaders facilitating positive change and empowering others in the photonics community, in particular by strongly advocating for diversity and inclusion. There has been a series of talks curated over the last few months, such as “The Role of Social Networks: Build- The IEEE Photonics Society is offering a variety of online programs and webinars presented ing Community” and “Champion by experts covering broad topics in Photonics, e-learning courses on state-of-the-art Photonics methods, Wiki Edit-a-thons and eMentor Matches. (continued on page 16)

4 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 Industry Highlight Multicore Fiber Now Closer to Enter Telecommunications Market than Ever T.Tenderenda, A.Bortnowski, Innovations Photonics Technology Poland and P. Urban, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland, Department of Optical Telecommunications and Photonics, university professor; also InPhoTech as the Business and Technology Development Manager.

COVID-19 Impact on Communication Network Systems Table 1. Superposition of traffic change and download speed During the last few months, we have observed a significant rise change [https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-covid-19-is-affecting in Internet traffic and bandwidth usage. -internet-performance]. After the pandemic countermeasures, like social distancing Country Traffic Change [%] DL Speed Change [%] and stay-at-home policies including working from home, were France + 38,4 − 13,9 introduced, usage of the Internet spiked and rose on average by Italy + 109,3 − 35,4 about +50% worldwide. Japan + 31,5 + 9,7 However, despite this significant rise, we, as a population, United + 39,4 − 8 have not faced major issues with our Internet connections that Kingdom could have resulted from the network being overloaded. Never- theless we should take into account that this was mainly due to limitations imposed on data usage and the effort made by Inter- operators who look first and foremost at cost-efficiency. SDM net providers (e.g. Netflix has lowered the quality of streaming makes use of multiple cores and/or modes as separate ‘spatial’ to decrease data usage). channels in a single fiber. Thus, now optical fibers can fol- In order to ensure that the negative effect on quality of In- low the trend towards miniaturization and integration, well- ternet services is minimized in the future, we need to get our known from the electronics domain. communication networks ready to the support (Fig. 1), seam- This technology is recognized as the most efficient way less shift from on-location to online working habits. to meet the challenge of increasing the capacity of commu- The transition to work-from-anywhere standards has also nication networks without increasing the amount of cable shown that a quick migration to 5G technologies and getting while simultaneously reducing installation costs. SDM can ready for the Beyond-5G era is more crucial than ever. Despite be realized in two ways. Firstly, Mode-Division Multiplex- the fact that network companies have coped with the increased ing (MDM), uses modes in a Few- or Multi-Mode Fiber (FMF broadband demand quite well1, there is still a diagnosed bot- or MMF, respectively) as separate channels. This strategy tleneck in metro-access and access networks, where capacity has brought about several remarkable capacity records (e.g., is scarce due to insufficient transmission technologies, poor 351 PB/s*km2 or 166 PB/s*km Pb/s3). However, these net- coverage or high cost of broadband access roll-out or upgrade. works require massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques and advanced Digital Signal Processing Spatial Division Multiplexing (DSP), which requires huge computing power and offline pro- Once the transmission capacity of current fiber-optic installa- cessing. Secondly, by applying the SDM approach to single- tions has been exploited, e.g. by means of advanced modula- mode cores (multicore single-mode fibers), one can omit the tion formats (while keeping economics reasonable), the next costly DSP and profit from all the advantages of the existing most obvious way to increase the capacity of optical fiber sys- networks. Although at first glance, MDM may appear to be tems is to deploy cables with higher fiber counts. However, a the future of telecommunication, the industry has its sights less evident problem is starting to emerge. Especially in high- set on other technologies by which better transmission capac- density urban areas, the existing infrastructure is not capable ity can be achieved in a more cost-effective manner. of accommodating a larger number of optical fiber cables, and rolling out new duct infrastructure may be unviable. Commercial Multi-Core Fibers One of the new promising approaches for rethinking com- within Reach? munication systems is called Space-Division Multiplexing The standardization society, i.e. mainly the International Tele- (SDM)—well-known in the scientific world, but which may communication Union (ITU), has set a roadmap to develop not be mature enough for network infrastructure providers and recommendations for SDM systems and components in the

1 https://www.fiercetelecom.com/telecom/cisco-s-wollenweber-tracks-covid 2 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-04/nioi-wrt040220.php -19-s-impact-networks-using-peering-points 3 https://phys.org/news/2018-04-fiber-transmission.html.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 5 125 France 60,000 125 Italyy 125,000 100 100 100,000 75 75 40,000 50 500 75,000

25 25 50,000

Change (%) 20,000 Change (%) 0 0 25,000 –25 –25

–50 0 Confirmed COVID-19 Cases –500 0 Confirmed COVID-19 Cases

Mar. 1 Mar. 5 Mar. 9 Mar. 1Mar. 5Mar. 9 Feb. 26 Mar. 13 Mar. 17 Mar. 21 Mar. 25 Mar. 29 Feb. 18Feb. 22Feb. 26 Mar. 13Mar. 17Mar. 21Mar. 25Mar. 29

125 United Kingdom 30,000 125 Japan 2,000 100 100 75 1,500 220,000 75 50 50 1,000 25 25 10,000 Change (%) 0 Change (%) 0 500 –25 –25

–50 0 Confirmed COVID-19 Cases –50 Confirmed COVID-19 Cases

Mar. 2 Mar. 6 Mar. 1Mar. 5Mar. 9 Feb. 27 Mar. 10 Mar. 14 Mar. 18 Mar. 22 Mar. 26 Mar. 30 Feb. 18Feb. 22Feb. 26 Mar. 13Mar. 17Mar. 21Mar. 25Mar. 29

Cases Download Speed Chnage % Download Speed Chnage %

Figure 1. How COVID-19 affects network traffic. [https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-covid-19-is-affecting-internet-performance]

coming years. This, together with direct insights from network deployment companies, fueled In- PhoTech’s strategy to develop a viable multi-core fiber that can be readily interfaced with legacy installations without any changes to active equipment in the field. The technology optimization for up-scaled production is being performed under the EU SME Instrument-funded project called IPT- CORE. InPhoTech was one of the few companies in Europe to be granted such funding last year— 96 projects received funding out of 2025 propos- 7.9 mm 7.9 mm als submitted (Fig. 2). 144×SMF = 144 Cores 144×MCF7 = 1,008 Cores The IPT-CORE fiber has a standard diameter (a) (b) and contains 7 separated cores. In our approach, each single-mode core is in compliance with the Figure 2. a) Fiber optic cable with SMFs b) Fiber optic cable with IPT Core. ITU-T G.652 recommendation so that well-developed transmission techniques can be used effectively. The com- the fiber bend-insensitive.4 We went beyond the ITU-T G.657.B3 plete system consists of a 7-core passive optical fiber together recommendation, achieving a loss below 0.1 dB for 10 turns on a 5 with all-fiber fan-in/fan-out components. The fan-in/fan-out al- mm radius mandrel. Practically no crosstalk can be observed in IPT- lows information to be sent and received to/from each core inde- CORE, i.e. less than −40 dB of crosstalk at 1550 nm. This result pendently, thus effectively providing the functionality of 7 fibers allows the cores to be treated as totally separate channels. within a single fiber. Furthermore, 1x7 all-fiber power splitters Moreover, the design of the 7-core fiber enables the trans- and erbium doped active multi-core fibers (active IPT-CORE) mission loss to be brought down to the level of traditional op- for signal amplification have also been developed (Fig. 3). tical fibers. The zero dispersion wavelength of the IPT-CORE fiber is in the range from 1300 nm to 1324 nm, while the Macrobending and Crosstalk Properties dispersion slope remains below 0.092 ps·nm−2·km−1 and the The fiber is composed of cells, each based on a single core sur- dispersion at 1550 nm below 18.5 ps·nm−1·km−1. rounded with air-holes. The role of the air-holes in the basic cell is twofold. Their main function is to isolate cores from each oth- 4 A. Ziolowicz et al., “Hole-assisted multicore optical fiber for next generation er, thereby eliminating crosstalk and allowing core density to be in- telecom transmission systems,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 105, no. 8, p. 81106, creased. The second role is to reduce macrobend loss, and thus, make Aug. 2014.

6 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 Fan-In/Fan-Out Device

IPT-Core For Next Generation Networks IPT-Core FTTH For IoT Sensors

IPT-Core For Data Centers

IPT-Core For 5G Networks Active IPT-Core for Amplifiers

Figure 3. Illustration of the use of InPhoTech IPT-Core technology.

Society Impact we have create a completely new quality. As an active mem- COVID-19 situation showed that there is still work to be done ber of the Photonics and Fiber Optics Cluster in Poland, In- on network systems. Providing stable and reliable connection PhoTech collaborates with other scientific and research units, despite difficult and new conditions became essential for fur- and the business environment in the fiber optic industry. This ther development of national economies and societies. Fiber- includes also the IEEE Photonics Chapter Poland, which is optic technologies, such as multicore fibers and spatial divi- chaired by Patryk Urban, Ph.D., our Business and Technology sion multiplexing, are in the spotlight as they are the building Development Manager and an Associate Professor at West Po- blocks for next-generation communication networks. meranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland. At InPhoTech, we use the achievements of the Polish fiber- The project has received funding from the European optic school, which began to develop independently in the Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation pro- 1970s. Based on our native solutions and the latest discoveries, gramme under grant agreement No 880054.

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August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 7 Industry Engagement Life at a Photonics Startup: Lessons Learned Topic: Novelty, Industry, and Democratization: The Relationship Between Business, People, and Government By John MacDonald

Business will always be part of something larger than itself. To be successful, a startup must consider its role in this broader market. World Literacy Rate (percent) 100 History shows that progress often consists of great revolutions 90 that begin slowly but ultimately become democratized institu- 80 tions. Often, the revolutionary idea is a solution waiting for a 70 problem. Examples of these are: literacy, timekeeping, electrifica- 60 tion, and communication. Each has experienced three sometimes 50 overlapping phases of development. First is novelty; when cost is 40 prohibitive and the service is available only to the very wealthy or 30 20 otherwise well-connected. Over time, demand becomes prevalent 10 as people recognize the benefit, even if they can’t pay for it. This 0 leads to Phase 2: industry. Methods are developed to reduce cost, leading to widespread, but incomplete, availability. The third 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 phase is institutionality: public sentiment dictates that all people Source: OECD and UNESCO (2016) ourworldindata.org should be entitled, prompting governments to undertake infrastructure development which leads to complete democratization. ics, which led to further demand. But the businesses making and The constant in all phases is demand: people want the service selling books were not equipped to teach everyone to read. because they realize its public benefit. As people began to realize the tremendous value of literacy Study of these great ideas reveals a complicated, centuries- for all, governments were pressured to step in with new laws long dance taking place among innovators, industrialists, and that encouraged it. Scotland has been regarded as the first na- the public. Business, in the sense of making products or services tion to require compulsory education: in 1496, the Scottish and trading them for common currency, is a partner in this over- parliament passed the first of a series of laws requiring the all human trajectory. It is interesting and informative to review eldest sons of wealthy landowners to learn Latin. By 1633, a few of these great ideas that have shaped our world. they had mandated a public school in every parish, paid for by taxes [1]. Over the next 200 years, compulsory education Literacy in one form or another was established in most of Europe and For most of human history, literacy was regarded as unimport- the American colonies. ant but for a special class of philosophers and scribes. Invention It took until the mid-19th century for the idea of universal of the movable-type printing press began a revolution in lit- public education to be deemed essential by most governments; eracy and public education that has taken 550 years to become the idea that every person should benefit from state-funded nearly fully institutionalized. education. Massachusetts was the first state to standardize an Gutenberg developed the movable-type printing press in the educational curriculum, in 1837. By 1918 compulsory atten- mid-15th century. There had been printing presses for hundreds dance through elementary school was the law in every U.S. of years prior to this, but his is regarded as the first to permit State. Still, by 1920, only 30% of Americans had attended mass-production of books. Still, this was a solution in search of some form of high school. Today, about 90% of the world’s problem; namely, nobody knew how to read. What good was population is literate [2]. printing one hundred bibles if you could only sell two of them? 550 years, and we are on the cusp of 100% literacy. The sto- The first decades after the invention were a novelty phase, as uni- ry behind this revolution highlights the complementary roles versities and government libraries began to have greater access to of demand, business, and public policy created by a solution to printed materials, while commoners still had none. what was once considered a nonexistent problem. The industrial phase of literacy includes the development of low-cost manufacturing of cotton- and pulp-based paper, the de- Timekeeping velopment of book-binding, and ink manufacturing. This was As our society became involved in activities unrelated to agri- soon followed by authorship, which included science and edu- culture, we needed the ability to quantify time. Later, we fig- cational texts, political discourse, and even fiction storytelling. ured out how to package it into marketable slices. The extremely wealthy could now send their children to school. For millennia, knowing when to plant crops or start the There was rapid growth of science, philosophy, and mathemat- annual hunt was sufficiently high-tech for the lifestyle. Global

8 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 exploration and transportation could not occur on a large scale are multiple trains on one track. Now, towns that were far until time could be quantified; not seasonally or even hourly, apart using animal-powered transportation suddenly became but to the minute and second. close enough together to require time standardization. Determining your position relative to the equator (latitude) is As a matter of public policy, Britain adopted the use of relatively straightforward by measuring the sun’s elevation. Deter- “railway time” (as GMT) in the middle of the nineteenth cen- mining your east-west location (longitude) is much harder. In order tury [4]. The U.S. adopted standard time zones along the en- to avoid becoming lost, you must know what time it is relative to tire east-west rail system in 1883 [5]. a standard, such as the Prime Meridian. This requires a clock that The demand for higher accuracy persists today. The radio sta- stays accurate for many months amid the difficulties of sea travel. tion WWV began broadcasting frequency standards in 1922 and Both public policy and innovation were required to solve this. switched exclusively to broadcasting time standards in 1945. Loran, In 1714, the U.K. Parliament offered a £20,000 reward for a system for naval and aircraft timekeeping and navigation, began an instrument that would solve the longitude problem. In 1736, in 1941 [6]. Government observatories across the globe now coordi- John Harrison successfully demonstrated the first of several ver- nate and synchronize their atomic clocks to ever-increasing accuracy. sions of “chronometer” that was accurate to about 2 minutes over Every e-commerce transaction uses this global standard, known as 6 weeks at sea [3]. This initiated the industrial phase, kick-start- UTC. Even the name UTC represents a public-policy compromise ed by policy. Soon rugged, accurate clocks were readily available. between French (Temps Universel Coordonné) and English (Coor- But just like every clock, they needed to be set. This required a dinated Universal Time). All the while, industry develops and pro- government-sized effort to maintain an accurate time standard duces goods and services that utilize these public initiatives. at the Prime Meridian, now known as Greenwich Mean Time In the early 20th century, a secondary aspect of time began to (GMT). “Time balls” were installed at naval observatories and emerge: the ability to package it into quantifiable economic bits. Fred- major port cities. The large wooden ball at Portsmouth, U.K., erick Taylor, working for Bethlehem Steel, pioneered the science of for example, would drop every day at precisely 1 PM. Ships in analyzing time as an economic resource, and is considered the father of the harbor could set their clocks to the dropping of the ball, like Scientific Management. By carefully studying the work habits of steel- Times Square on New Year’s Eve, but without the revelry. workers, Taylor was able to define, down to the second, the amount Industrialization of timekeeping began with the chronom- of time required to perform routine tasks. This led in turn to the eter and proceeded to the railroads. The railroad problem re- standardization of work tools (prior to Taylor, workers often brought quired accurate time scheduling for arrivals and departures. their own tools to the factories) and time sequencing, all in the name Prior to standardization of time, each town managed its own of maximizing efficiency. As Taylor wrote in The Principles of Scientific local clock, often determined by the sun. In the northern tem- Management in 1911, “In the past the man has been first; in the future perate zones, these differences amounted to about 7½ minutes the system must be first.” For good or bad, time had become a com- for every 100 miles east-west. The problem gets worse if there modity to be exchanged and managed like people and capital. Today, GPS and other global positioning systems provide “free” time to the entire world, accurate to about 1 ns. The intent of GPS was military navigation, but industry quickly innovated increasingly-sophisticated democratized solutions unforeseen by the original policy-makers. We may say the democratization of timekeeping is fairly complete. If marked by the naval chronometer, this revolution took about 250 years.

Electrification On a quiet evening in 1881, at a private home in New York City, a simple on-off switch was thrown by Thomas Edison and in that instant, amid the cries of astonishment from the gathered dinner guests, the world changed forever. For the first time, a private home had been illuminated by electric light [7]. This wasn’t just any private home. It was J. P. Morgan’s mansion at 219 Madison Avenue. The cost of installing the on-site boiler, steam engine, and generator to produce the electricity was enormous. Would this remain just a novelty? Or was there a path toward illuminating every home, every street, every place of business or worship, everywhere? We know the answer now, but it was uncertain at the time. There were gas lamps and arc lights that sort of half-illuminated homes and streets for two decades. But this was different. There was no dim flicker of a gas lamp, reminding you that it was really night time. And looking at an arc lamp…well, you didn’t do that Time Ball at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, first dropped in because it would blind you. And no-one would put an arc lamp 1833. Source: Wikipedia. in their home. You could stare straight at these new electric light

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 9 In order to provide electrical service, companies had to build generating stations large enough to power a good portion of a city. In order to be cost-effective, the company needed to sell to most of the people within reach of the station. Competition did not work – multiple companies building multiple stations in one locality would all fail. In the early phase of industrialization, providers would purchase exclusive franchise rights in each locality. However, this quickly led to bidding wars among competing electricity providers, graft, and bribery involving countless un- scrupulous city officials, threatening the enterprise entirely. The solution in the U. S. was for utility companies to partner with the public. State governments formed regulation boards to oversee infrastructure and determine standardized rates. In return, the utilities were granted a statewide franchise. In effect, utilities would be controlled by government in exchange for a monopoly. By 1914, 43 states had such commis- sions. Without these public-business compromises, democratized electrification would likely have failed [10]. Still, rural markets were left mostly unserved. This solution required federal-level public spending over many decades. In the United States, in 1930, only 10% of rural areas were electrified. By 1939, it had risen to 25%. From a global perspective, access has taken longer, but progress continues. In 1994, 76% of the world’s population was electrified. By 2016, that number had increased to 89% [11]. Lack of access is still mostly rural. It has taken a little over 100 years since the switch was thrown at Niagara Falls to almost total democratization of electricity.

Tesla, atop his dynamo, stands watch over Niagara Falls Communications Niagara Falls, ON, CA: author’s collection. We are in the midst of the communications revolution now, bulbs safely. And they would light up the room as if it were day. even though it may be considered the oldest idea, and is likely But therein was a solution to a problem that didn’t exist: everyone to continue to be institutionalized for a long time. It has also wanted to light up their house, but no-one had electricity. It’s like taken many forms. Grunting and pointing. Fire-signaling along printing books that no-one knows how to read. the Great Wall. Smoke signals. Semaphores and time balls. For Edison’s main contribution wasn’t the light bulb, it was his much of human history, communication was confined to visual distribution business model. He realized that the only way to sell sight-lines. light bulbs to people other than J. P. and his peers in the strato- In more modern times, we can trace the availability of long- sphere was to distribute the electricity from a central location. distance information transfer to the first practical electric tele- Much has been written about the acrimony between Edison and graph, invented by Samuel Morse in 1837. Unlike the printing Tesla, and I for one will not wade into that arena here. Suffice it to press, the railroad, and to some extent the light bulb, the tele- say that Edison figured out the business model (central distribution), graph was a solution to a problem that did exist; that of sending while Tesla figured out the distance problem (high voltage 3-phase messages over long distances. Still, telegraph began as a novelty, AC). The industrial phase began in earnest once Tesla’s brainchild, for economic reasons. Only large corporations and governments the Niagara Falls hydroelectric generating station, began operation. had access. Few, if any, had a telegraph in their home. This was a project of enormous scope that had never been attempted The industrial phase ramped up after the development of the in the history of the world. In November, 1896, 3-phase AC current telephone. Demand existed, and industry developed cost-effec- was delivered to Buffalo, NY, 25 miles away [8]. This was not the tive solutions. It took only about 100 years to completely democ- first time that water had been harnessed for power, but it was for the ratize telephone service in the U.S. In 1920, 35% of homes had a first time done on this enormous scale. And that power didn’t care telephone; by 2000, 98% [12]. Rural distribution was an easier whether you were a multi-acre manufacturing plant or a humble economic hurdle for industry to undertake compared to electric- residence – there was light for everyone. ity—just put up a wooden pole and string low-voltage wires. In the U.S., while the production of electricity increased In many ways, broadcast radio is the first real example of the rapidly, from 5.9 GWh in 1907 to 75.4 GWh in 1927 [9], it democratization of information, followed by television. Cutting did not take long for the industry to run out of markets. Most the cord meant cutting the infrastructure cost. However, broad- service was located in urban or suburban areas; it was not eco- cast is still one-way. The institutionalization continues with each nomical to deliver electricity rurally. At the same time, the hu- advancement in two-way communication. After 150 years, we are man benefit of electricity had rapidly grown in the conscious- on the verge of institutionalizing interpersonal communications. ness, and people demanded it as a matter of public policy. Public policy has been shaping this progress for over 100 years.

10 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 Perhaps one of the most important aspects of public policy Prior to Z-Poynt and Linear Photonics, John was Engineering as it relates to wireless communications is the legal concept that Manager at Lockheed Martin Space Systems company, responsible frequency spectrum is a natural resource to be managed by gov- for satellite payload equipment, and Product Line Manager at JDS ernment (the people). Companies rent spectrum and in return Uniphase, specializing in photonics communications systems. agree to develop it. An example is the transfer of development Mr. MacDonald is also a serial entrepreneur, having founded rights in the obsolete UHF TV spectrum to wireless carriers who or co-founded 5 startups ranging from computer development develop mobile telephony. This policy has led to a largely suc- and service, photonics and fiber optics, satellite communica- cessful marriage between private enterprise and public trust. tions and engineering consulting. Some have called this the Information Age. I think that’s John holds a BSEE degree from the Rochester Institute of a misnomer. I think it’s the Communication Age. Who will Technology, and an MSEE from Syracuse University, and serves deny there’s more “stuff” being shared? But how much of it as adjunct professor of engineering at The College of New Jersey. is information? Perhaps that’s a question for Claude Shannon. For questions or comments, John can be reached via email The father of information theory defined communication with at [email protected] this classic bit of understatement (emphasis mine) [13]: References The fundamental problem of communication is that of repro- [1] Arthur Herman, How the Scots Invented the Modern ducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message World, (2001) MJF Books, NY. selected at another point. Frequently the messages have [2] “American Public Education: An Origin Story”, (April meaning… 16, 2013) Education News, education news.org. [3] G. J. Whitrow, Time in History: Views of Time from Today, ever-increasing public demand drives access to high- Prehistory to the Present Day, (2004) Oxford University speed, reliable wireless communications. Many still lack such ac- Press, pp. 141-142. cess. We are engaged in public discourse about how to provide [4] Ibid., pp. 161. that access, and increasingly we see it as an entitlement. We are [5] “Railway Time Belts,” (Oct. 10, 1883), NY Times article. repeating the process of democratization that took place with lit- [6] J. A. Pierce; A. A. McKenzie; R. H. Woodward, R. H. eracy, timekeeping, electrification, and many other great ideas. (eds.), (1948) LORAN: Long Range Navigation, New York: McGraw Hill, pp. 19–51. Summary [7] Maury Klein, The Power Makers (2008), Bloomsbury Many of history’s great ideas began from a solution without a prob- Press, NY, pp 169-172. lem. The printing press (nobody can read). The railroad network (we [8] W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age, can’t schedule service). The light bulb (nobody has electricity). But (2013) Princeton University Press, pp. 162-175. in each case, demand led to institutionalization, requiring a com- [9] https://americanhistory.si.edu/powering/past/h1main.htm bination of innovative industry and public policy finally providing [10] Ibid. complete access. Business is an important partner, but ultimately it [11] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS is the people that determine whether an idea is truly great. [12] www.statista.com Entrepreneurs and business development people constantly [13] Claude E. Shannon, A Mathematical Theory of Communication, strategize about where to place limited investment resources (1948) The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 379. to maximize results. Understanding the complicated interplay between innovation, industry, and public policy should be part About this Column of every informed decision. This is a regular column that explores business aspects of technol- What will the next great revolution look like? ogy-oriented companies and in particular, the demanding business aspects of photonics startups. The column touches on a broad range About the Author of topics such as financing, business plan, product development John MacDonald is President of Z- methodology, program management, hiring and retention, sales Poynt Systems, an engineering/busi- methodology and risk management. That is to say, we include all ness-development consulting firm lo- the pains and successes of living the photonics startup life. cated in Southeastern Pennsylvania. This column is written sometimes by Daniel Renner, the Z-Poynt provides services for photon- column editor, and sometimes by invited participants, so that ics and fiber optics, satellite equip- we can share multiple points of view coming from the full ment design and manufacturing, RF spectrum of individuals that have something to say on this and microwave communications, and topic. At the same time, this is a conversation with you, the general engineering consulting. reader. We welcome questions, other opinions and suggestions Mr. MacDonald co-founded Linear Photonics, LLC in 2004 for specific topics to be addressed in the future. and built it into the dominant market provider of microwave- The expectation for this column is to provide useful busi- over-fiber solutions for government and commercial applica- ness-related information for those who intend to start, join, tions. These systems enable long-distance communication of improve the operation, fund, acquire or sell a photonic startup. ultra-broadband information signals, as well as the distribu- A fascinating area that can provide enormous professional re- tion of ultra-precise time and frequency standards. ward to those engaged in it.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 11 Get to Know Your IEEE Photonics Society Leadership Fatima Garcia-Gunning, Ph.D. Senior Staff Researcher at Tyndall National Institute VP of Membership, IEEE Photonics Society

What is Your Current Profession? What Role Does Your BoG I am a Senior Staff Researcher at Tyndall Na- Position Play for IPS? What tional Institute and Head of Graduate Studies. Challenges Do You Face in My research is focused on optical fibre systems Your Part? and sensing, where I am leading a team working I am the current VP of Membership, where we on analogue photonic solutions for high capac- look after all things related to membership, ity systems and also on the exciting area of 2 μm extending beyond recruitment and retention photonics, enabling us to not only think about plans, so also working with chapter revital- communications beyond traditional C-band ization, mentorship programs, members-only and utilizing novel optical fibres, but also in content, and diversity and inclusion. One of sensing applications, in particular for environ- the biggest challenges is overseeing all the ac- mental monitoring. As Head of Graduate Stud- tivities across the globe and ensuring we are Fatima Garcia-Gunning ies in Tyndall, I also focus on strategic training supporting our regional chapters and student programs for our postgraduate students, focus- branches. Luckily, we have an excellent team ing on our key core skills in photonics, semiconductor fabrica- (staff & volunteers!) to help with such a task! tion & packaging, but also in diverse applications from telecoms to medical devices. We also engage with innumerable outreach What Do You Want to Accomplish as a Board activities to ensure citizen engagement with Science. Member this Year/Next Year? I am very passionate about mentorship to all career levels, and we also find that mentorship is critical to reaching the advancement of underrepresented groups. One of the most rewarding experiences since volunteering with the Society was the micro- mentoring I received, which helped me tremendously. So, I want to share this experience with our members, our students and young professionals. This year I would like to see further engagement in our e-mentor match program, for example, which has been successful during conferences!

Why Photonics? What was Your “Photonics Moment?” I knew I wanted to continue my studies in Physics beyond my undergrad degree when I stepped into the nonlinear optics labs at PUC-Rio (Brazil), where I studied. One of the highlights (although most people would have hated it) was to re-align the entire cavity (note: invisible IR light…) of this massive water-cooled Nd:YAG laser. I was also humbled to be trusted by my supervisors (Walter Margulis & Isabel Carvalho) to take on such a significant challenge, as it was the heart of the lab’s research. I never looked back and continued to learn new areas in Photonics, from nonlinear optics to optical communications, through semiconductor devices and packaging.

What About Our Society’s Mission, and Work Motivates You? The community model engagement. As in “we” as members, we can engage with IPS for a greater good. Not only networking and exchanging research ideas, entrepreneurship opportunities, and even commercial engagement but also contributing to a better society. It is encouraging to see how some of our Fatima Garcia-Gunning at her lab. volunteers have ideas that can change lives around the world.

12 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 Fatima Garcia-Gunning receiving ‘The Research Supervisor of Fatima Garcia-Gunning at SFI Science Summit 2019. the Year award’.

Why Do You Think Members Should ideas and passion, we were then engaged with events in larger be Involved as IEEE Photonics Society international conferences, and from then onwards, our relation- Volunteers? What are the Benefits? ship grew stronger and stronger. By “we” here I mean myself I remember not understanding the importance of being a mem- and my team members. We benefited tremendously from this ber of a professional society, except for the discounts in major strong engagement, personally through mentorship and an op- conferences. It wasn’t until I started working with IPS that I portunity to lead a few impactful activities; from my team’s per- realized how inclusive the IPS community is, and of the oppor- spective they were able to build their own network of contacts tunities available to make a difference if you are up to the chal- which is super crucial for their careers, and for IPS we are now lenge. It started with a micro-volunteering opportunity for a di- implementing activities and guidelines that will enable a more versity event at a local conference “Photonics Ireland.” Given our diverse community with an inclusive voice. Winners all around!

IEEE Photonics Commitment to Diversity Opportunities

Diversity & Inclusion Women in Photonics Multicultural Outreach Scholarships & Grants Scholarships & Grants & Globalization Grants Merit-based recognition for Merit-based recognition for Grants for chapters and student members, young outstanding students and research centers to support professionals and volunteers early career women in the academic exchanges and to championing diversity and photonics community. address international and inclusion e orts in the cross-cultural scientic photonics community. understanding.

For more information, email: [email protected]

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 13 Photonics Worldwide—This is My Lab This edition of “Photonics Worldwide” features three inspiring researchers from the U.K., the U.S. and from Egypt. Angeles Cama- cho focuses on fibre fiber fabrication, Grace Kuo develops artificial intelligence algorithms and Shaimaa Ali Mohamed works on solar cells. Have a look and see what inspired them to start a career in photonics and what gets them out of bed every day. Please get in touch if you would like be part of the “Photon- ics Worldwide—This is My Lab” column and tell us your story.

many international conferences and travel to different countries in Europe. Being able to secure travel support, I visited countries like South Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, Jordan, Algeria, and Tunisia. After receiving my Ph.D. in 2015, I continued my work as a postdoctoral fellow then assistant professor at Zewail City of Science and Technology. My research work involves the design, fabrication, and characterization of different types of solar photovoltaic devices to realize highly efficient and low-cost energy sources to tackle the energy problem that Egypt and the world face today. Being able to My Name is Angeles Camacho; I just finished my Ph.D. in contribute to tackle the global challenge and the related environ- the Optoelectronic Research Centre (ORC) at the University of mental impact and CO2 emission level by working on abundant Southampton, U.K.. I am Mexican and a proud mother of two clean energy sources is what drives me to conduct my research. At lovely boys. I work in optical fibre fabrication, and I loved what Zewail City, we are collaborating with many research groups and I did during my Ph.D.. My doctoral project was focused on Op- institutes worldwide through either bilateral research projects or tical fibres produced by 3D printing. In the photo you can see academic programs. I enjoyed my journey and I feel happy to be a me next to a drawing tower where we draw the optical fibres we part of such a wonderful, friendly and motivated community. fabricate in the research centre. Currently, I am a researcher in the ORC, and I am so excited about the new project I am involved in. After I finished my degree in Mexico, I used to work as Direc- tor of operations in a Mexican company for more than ten years. Life changed for me eight years ago, when my family decided to move to the U.K.. For two years, I reinvented myself repeatedly until science reached me, and I changed my career. I jointed to the ORC in 2015; since then, I have lived fantastic moments such as presenting my work in international conferences, working in outreach, promoting STEM and other extracurricular activities. Also, I am involved in international projects for optics and photonics, where I enjoy the opportunity to learn every day. I have learned from our community that science is a constant feedback process where we become co-responsible not only the My name is Grace Kuo, and I am Ph.D. candidate at the Uni- scientific content we produce every day but also we take re- versity of California, Berkeley, U.S., advised by Dr. Laura Waller sponsibility to bring this knowledge to the general public and and Dr. Ren Ng. My research is in computational imaging, which make it useful for the society. I vision my career as a constant is the joint design of hardware and algorithms for imaging systems. learn-teach process, facing new challenges every day. For example, I helped design a lensless camera, in which we replace the lens of a traditional camera with a thin piece of plastic, result- My name is Shaimaa Ali, I am a research fellow at the Center for ing in a very small and lightweight system. The raw data we cap- Photonic and Smart Materials (CPSM) and a lecturer at Nano- ture doesn’t look like much, but we can process the measurement technology and Nano-Engineering program at Zewail City of to recover an image. In fact, the photo of me above was taken with Science and Technology, Egypt. In 2012, I started at Zewail City one of our prototypes, and you can see the raw data in the corner! as a research assistant and enrolled in my Ph.D.. I was awarded I really enjoy that my research involves both hardware pro- the Africa-North Exchange Program (ANEX) fellowship, which totyping and developing new algorithms, and it’s incredibly allowed me to join a research group at Johannes Kepler University rewarding to work on cameras and microscopes since they al- Linz, Austria. During my PhD study, I had the chance to attend low us to see the world in new ways.

14 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 News Improved IEEE Author Center & IEEE AuthorLab Tools

An IEEE Template Selector and Tips on How to Craft Stronger Article Titles Included The AuthorLab is a community forum in IEEE Collabratec ® that focuses on publishing with IEEE. All IEEE authors and potential authors are invited to join for free and participate in discussions, share ideas about publishing, or ask questions of other community participants or IEEE publication staff. Make your IEEE publishing experience more rewarding by interact- ing with some of the 13,000+ participants in the AuthorLab. The Center has rolled out new tools to assist authors, such as video tutorials, peer reviewer training and ethics resources. with IEEE. Any questions can be sent to the IEEE Author En- Find the Right Article Template gagement team at [email protected]. with IEEE’s New Author Tool Article templates can help ensure you include all the necessary Master the Art of Crafting a Strong information required for submission. For some journals, not Article Title using the right template can lead to a rejection of your article A good article title not only describes the research but also before it can be considered for peer review. Use the new IEEE catches the eye of a busy reader. Follow these tips to help you Template Selector to quickly format your article in the proper write a better article title (additional details provided within format with the right article template. Answer a few questions the Center): and the IEEE Template Selector will determine the right tem- Summarize your research in as few words as possible; Include plate for your work and then deliver it to you for download. keywords that you would use to do a literature search on your article’s topic; Spell out abbreviations; Minimize or eliminate Improved IEEE Author Center Helps words such as “new” or “novel”—they are unnecessary since ev- New Authors Navigate Publishing ery research article should report original research; Avoid idi- Featuring a section for new authors, a new look and feel, and oms such as “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” because improved search capability, finding what you’re looking for has they may not translate well for international readers; and final- never been easier in the IEEE Author Center. The website is a ize your article title after the article is completely written to one-stop resource for all IEEE authors, offering tailored insight ensure that the title represents the entire article. for those publishing in journals, conferences, books, and maga- Learn more at the IEEE Author Center, here: https://ieeeauthor zines. Since its launch in 2017, the IEEE Author Center has center.ieee.org helped over 1 million authors worldwide learn how to publish Video Tutorials can be found here: https://bit.ly/2ZP0leU

IEEE Day 2020 Events Will Be Virtual By Denise Maestri and Sakib Ahmed

For the first time in the 11-year history of IEEE Day, the The event’s organizing team is excited to be able to engage events—scheduled for 6 October this year—are to be held vir- members from around the world with the virtual events. Time, tually. Due to the COVID-19 global health crisis, the IEEE location, and travel are no longer obstacles to attending an Day team has made structural changes. event. What’s more, to accommodate those sections that prefer IEEE Day commemorates the anniversary of the meeting to hold weekend events, celebrations can be held throughout in Philadelphia in 1884 when members of the American In- the first two weeks of October. stitute of Electrical Engineers, one of IEEE’s two predecessor Not sure the type of virtual event to plan? The team is societies, gathered for the first time to share technical ideas. working on a list of ideas. Here are a few to consider:

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 15 Virtual Gatherings: Use WebEx, IEEE Collabratec, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, or Facebook Live to watch technology videos together. Conduct virtual tours of plants and factories. Read interesting articles or discuss a book. Videos: IEEE has several videos on IEEE.tv about its programs. They include a tour of the IEEE History Cen- ter’s most treasured artifacts, an overview of some humanitarian projects members are involved with, and tips on mastering STEM topics.

Planning Tools To assist planners, organizers have created a helpful IEEE Day-in-a-Box event kit. Located under the Re- sources tab on the IEEE Day website, the kit walks you through the planning process. In the Toolkit section of the website are posters, ban- ners, and other promotional materials that can be downloaded. For those who want to distribute T-shirts to their Webinars: These could include IEEE-related technical attendees, there are downloadable templates with this year’s design. talks, many of which are available on demand. Consider invit- It’s not too early to start planning. Check the IEEE Day ing experts from one of the IEEE societies’ Distinguished Lec- website for updates, and follow us on social media. Learn more, turer programs, or subject-matter experts from industry. Ask here: https://ieeeday.org members involved with humanitarian activities to talk about Sakib Ahmed is the IEEE Day communications lead from the their project. IEEE Bangladesh Section in Region10. Denise Maestri is the IEEE Interactive Events: Consider online social gatherings, net- Day staff coordinator. She’s the member and volunteer-engagement working sessions, and virtual gaming. manager for IEEE Member and Geographic Activities.

President’s Column (continued from page 4)

Change Through Action,” that can be viewed here: https://bit and assets of the varying IEEE designated regions, includ- .ly/2LGR9Sj ing trends that are emerging worldwide. The Diversity Over- The mastermind of all of these activities is the Member- sight Committee is dedicated to taking vital steps to actively ship Council, headed by the Vice President of Membership, showcase how diversity is essential to innovation, through Dr. Fatima Gunning, and Community Outreach & Develop- ally growth, beyond awareness programming, unconscious ment Manager, Lauren Mecum-Smith. The Council is also bias education, etc. supported by a group of active Associate Vice-Presidents of These groups within our Society are a power house of ideas Chapter Relations, Member Advancement, Diversity, Equity that will provide an enhanced experience for our members. The & Inclusion, STEM Outreach, Women in Photonics, Commu- Council and Committees are always looking for new talent. If nications and more. Lisa Sandt, the Society’s Membership & you have an interest in volunteering, please reach out to Pho- Chapter Coordinator, has, likewise, joined the team to help [email protected] for more information. with administrative strategies, specifically involved with Our members are the Society’s advocates representing our Chapter Revitalization. organization around the world at the local level. Volunteering The Membership Council is doing an outstanding job in isn’t just socially responsible, it’s good for your career. Builds devising and implementing the activities that I just described. your resume. By volunteering, you’ll gain the opportunity to So much so that new Committees have branched from this meet and work alongside new people, create lifelong bonds and Council, i.e. Globalization, Diversity Oversight and Educa- gather further expertise in your fields of interest. I urge you to tion, giving the Council the opportunity to focus on other ar- consider taking on a volunteer role! eas of volunteer and member development needs. The Education Committee now focuses on continuous Warmly, education, training, online resources, educate-the-educator Carmen S. Menoni tools, and academic exchanges rather than the Council. The Colorado State University Globalization Committee reviews similarities, differences [email protected]

16 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 Careers and Awards IEEE Photonics Society Selects the 2020 Distinguished Service Recipient

The Photonics Society Distinguished Service Award was estab- lasers etc. She is an expert on numerical methods for optics such lished to recognize an exceptional individuals contribution of as Finite Element Method (FEM). She has written a book on service which has had significant benefit to the FEM, and edited a book on trends in compu- membership of the IEEE Photonics Society as tational photonics. She is also an Associate a whole. This level of service will often include Editor for the IEEE Photonics Journal. serving the Society in several capacities or in She is passionate about increasing the positions of significant responsibility. representation of women in Science and The 2020 Distinguished Service Award will be Engineering. In 2014 with Society Presi- presented to Arti Agrawal, “For exceptional con- dent Dalma Novak, Arti launched the IEEE tributions to the Photonics Society as a cham- Women in Photonics program. The pro- pion of Diversity and Inclusion initiatives.” gram is now a global initiative that has sig- Arti Agrawal joined the University Tech- nificantly increased the visibility of women nology Sydney in 2018 as an Associate Profes- in the scientific community. Arti also ac- sor and the Director of Women in Engineering tively supports gender diversity programs & IT. Previously, Agrawal worked at City, Uni- as a leader & community advocate, such as versity of London from 2005-2017 as a Royal the Society’s Pride in Photonics initiative. Society Postdoctoral Fellow, and her PhD was Currently serving as the Associate Vice Presi- on modelling methods for optical components, dent of Diversity for the IEEE Photonics completed at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 2005. Society and an OSA Board Member, she is an inspiration to Dr. Agrawal’s research interests lie in optics: modelling of many, facilitating collaboration, mentorship, networking & photonic components such as solar cells, optical fibers, sensors, technical dissemination.

IPS2020_BOG_hpagead_NL.pdf 1 7/23/20 2:44 PM

CMY Board of Governors Candidates K Ballots for the election of candidates to the Board of Governors have been distributed to all voting members. We hope you will take the time to exercise your vote and help choose the future direction of the society. You will need your IEEE Account username/password to access the ballot. If you do not remember your password, you may retrieve it on the voter login page. Please vote for up to FOUR candidates using the following URL: https://eballot4.votenet.com/IEEE

VOTING ENDS SEPTEMBER 4, 2020 Visit www.PhotonicsSociety.org to learn more.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 17 The IEEE Photonics Society Distinguished Lecturer Program was designed to honor excellent speakers Distinguished who have made technical, industrial or entrepreneurial contributions to the field of photonics and to enhance the technical programs of the IEEE Photonics Society Chapters. Lecturer Chapters may request Distinguished Lecturers to give talks at chapter meetings, chapter-related events or technically co-sponsored conferences, organized by a chapter. If a lecturer is available at the time of Program your event and accepts a talk invitation, the lecturer will travel to address your members at no cost to the chapter. The IEEE Photonics Society provides the awarded lecturers with travel reimbursements. Lecturers are selected each term (July 1-June 30) with some lecturers extending for a second term. Visit www.PhotonicsSociety.org to learn more.

WE ARE PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THE SLATE OF LECTURERS FOR THE 2020-21 TERM

Gabriella Cincotti, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy Unil Perera, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Zetian Mi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Federico Rosei, Institute Research Scientific, (INRS-EMT), Shilong Pan, Nanjing University of Aeronautics Varennes, BC, Canada and Astronautics, Nanjing, China Zeev Zalevesky, Bar Ilam University, Ramat Gan, Israel

Call for Nominations: IEEE Technical Field Awards and IEEE Eric Herz Staff Award

Nominations are due 15 January annually for the IEEE Tech- nical Field Awards (TFA) and the IEEE Eric Herz Outstanding Staff Member Award. IEEE TFAs are awarded for contributions to or leadership in a specific field of interest of the IEEE and are among the highest awards presented on behalf of the IEEE Board of Directors. The IEEE Herz Award recognizes sustained contributions by a present or past full-time staff member of the IEEE with at least ten years of service. All IEEE members are encouraged to submit a nomination for a worthy candidate within their technical fields. Nomi- nation guidelines, award-specific criteria, and components of a nomination form can be downloaded from https://www .ieee.org/about/awards/information.html and http://www .ieee.org/about/awards/recognitions/recognitions_herz.html. All nominations must be submitted through the online nom- ety, the engineering profession, and humanity. By this means, ination portal. the image and prestige of the organization, its members, and Since 1917, the IEEE Awards Program has paid tribute to the profession are all enhanced. technical professionals whose exceptional achievements and For more information visit www.ieee.org/awards or e-mail contributions have made a lasting impact on technology, soci- [email protected].

18 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 President’s Column (continued from page 3)

Symposium Organizer, Mercedeh Khajavikhan. There have been on Sustainable Farming, Cleaner Energy, Better Diagnostics, enormous advances over the last six decades since the first demon- and High Speed Connectivity. Learn more about this at Light- stration of the ruby laser by Theodore Maiman. Lasers operating Day.org and later in this Newsletter issue. at wavelengths spanning from tens of microns to keV, and pro- Furthermore, the Society’s membership activities have continued, ducing the shortest pulses are enabling a myriad of fundamental stronger than ever, reaching new potential members and remote re- studies and novel technologies that are impacting society in many gions of the world. We have assessed all our products and services in different ways. A measure of the impact of the laser is the six No- an effort to deploy as many virtual solutions as possible, including: bel Prize awards received by pioneers in the field since the first An E-Mentor Match, Mentor Hours, Research Highlight Spotlights, one in 1964 to Charles H. Townes (IEEE Life Fellow), Nicolay Chapter Leadership Forums, DIY STEM Experiments and Lessions, Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Women in Photonics Online Symposiums, COVID Tech Sessions, “for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which E-Learning Course discounts, professional development coping strat- has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on egies on work/life/volunteer balance from home, “Chat with an Ex- the maser-laser principle.” Invited speakers for the CLEO Sym- pert” social media forums, etc. The Society has also partnered with posium were: Federico Capasso, Harvard University, USA; Paul internal and external Societies, on such projects, to inclusively reach Daniel Dapkus, University of Southern California, USA; and isolated and marginalized groups in STEM regardless of association. Amnon Yariv, California Institute of Technology, USA. The main goal has been open access learning. We also celebrated the International Day of Light, which Though our community and the world has been tasked with is held on May 16th every year in tribute to the anniversary of difficult decisions, during unprecedented times, I believe our the first successful operation of the laser. This is typically an Society, volunteers and members have met the challenge hon- event that involves in-person gatherings around the world to orably and resourcefully by using this time as an opportunity highlight the impact of light science and technology to wide for growth and technological advancement. and multigenerational audiences. Such events still continued, I wish you good health as we slowly transition back to our but online. This year, our celebration also went virtual in the normal activities. form of an online campaign and video, “SEE THE LIGHT”, sponsored by the IEEE Photonics Society, The Optical Society Warmly, and SPIE. #SEETHELIGHT is a worldwide message encourag- Carmen S. Menoni ing all to celebrate the importance of the science of light and Colorado State University light-based technologies in our lives, including light’s impact [email protected]

24 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER June 2020 Membership What’s Next with Photonics Outreach in Kenya?

By Kithinji Muriungi Chair—IEEE YP of the IEEE Kenya Section, Membership Development & Outreach Volunteer, Diversity & Inclusion Committee, IEEE Photonics Society

IEEE Moi University SB IPS Chapter: IPS Members posing for a photo, Solar site visit at Adili Energy Solutions, and Kimani from Adili engaging with students during a lecture at Moi University.

Much has been achieved in Kenya Section from the launch of IEEE Photonics Society outreach and membership development from 2018, or so to say. Specifically, the membership has grown from one student in 2018 to over 30 members in 2020 with 3 active chapters. From the support members are getting from the Society, an increase in events and activities have helped the chapter grow rapidly from 2019 to to-date. Three student branch chapters have taken the lead in driving the agenda and key players in engaging industry and professionals in photonics and related fields in Kenya. IEEE Kenyatta University Student Branch (KU SB) Call for Nominations: IEEE Technical Field Awards Chapter has been taking the lead in organizing joint activi- and IEEE Eric Herz Staff Award ties and events that have attracted academia and industry in championing the photonics agenda in Kenya. Moi Univer- sity through the leadership of Mona Zaveria (Chair, IEEE Nominations are due 15 January annually for the IEEE Tech- Moi University SB) and the team is successfully running a Rosemary Litunya from JKUAT and Kithinji Muriungi: Pre- nical Field Awards (TFA) and the IEEE Eric Herz Outstanding series of trainings on Solar PV Technician Training which senting a Volunteer T-Shirt from IEEE Photonics during IEEE Staff Member Award. IEEE TFAs are awarded for contributions has been running from October 2019 facilitated by Kimani Photonics Society Outreach event at JKUAT. to or leadership in a specific field of interest of the IEEE and Gichuche from Adili Energy Solutions. They had the op- are among the highest awards presented on behalf of the IEEE portunity to facilitate the development of solar projects in Board of Directors. The IEEE Herz Award recognizes sustained different field sites. As their partnership continues, Adili months, we formed Photonics Society and through it, the branch has contributions by a present or past full-time staff member of the Energy Solutions is willing to offer internships and employ- been able to hold key workshops and trainings including the largest IoT IEEE with at least ten years of service. ment to promising students. (Internet of Things) conference in Kenya. Key other trainings have in- All IEEE members are encouraged to submit a nomination Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology volved 5G & 4G, Solar power systems, and Robotics. As a leap forward for a worthy candidate within their technical fields. Nomi- (JKUAT) have also held activities and membership engage- towards innovativeness, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the SB came nation guidelines, award-specific criteria, and components ments sessions for photonics awareness led by Rosemary together and through various talents we were able to develop a mechani- of a nomination form can be downloaded from https://www Litunya (Chair, IEEEE JKUAT SB) and Lydia Kipkorir (IPS cal ventilator for emergency response towards nCov patients. With the .ieee.org/about/awards/information.html and http://www pioneer volunteer). capacity to fabricate 50 ventilators per week, the innovation saw great .ieee.org/about/awards/recognitions/recognitions_herz.html. Reaching out to Paul Kanja—IPS KU Chapter Advisor interests from various stakeholders including the government proving that All nominations must be submitted through the online nom- ety, the engineering profession, and humanity. By this means, (P.Eng. Tech, MIET) he had the following to say, “As the Branch knowledge is only helpful when put into appropriate practice.” ination portal. the image and prestige of the organization, its members, and Advisor, having formed the IEEE Kenyatta University Students’ During this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also Since 1917, the IEEE Awards Program has paid tribute to the profession are all enhanced. Branch on August 2019, tapping talents and innovativeness as well as proven importance of developing other impactful proj- technical professionals whose exceptional achievements and For more information visit www.ieee.org/awards or e-mail smart knowledge access became pivotal in achieving wholesome objectives ects across Africa in general. These projects are addressing contributions have made a lasting impact on technology, soci- [email protected]. of IEEE, “Advancing Technology for Humanity”. Within the few the COVID-19 situation either directly or indirectly. For

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 19 President’s Column (continued from page 3)

24 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER June 2020 Local newspaper mention on COVID-19 work. Kenyatta University Team.

Cynthia Thuo—Vice Chair, IEEE Photonics Society IEEE KU Fidel Makatia—Chair, IEEE Photonics Society IEEE KU SB Chapter. SB Chapter.

the community to observe social distance in productive way as they continue with their normal businesses. Unlike the current social distancing where most people are unable to work remotely due to shortage of such platforms.” The team in Kenya led by Kithinji Muriungi is developing a solution called Bestilaya. The solution focuses on using technology and global innovation expertise in ensuring individuals continue being productive through reading and observing self-growth especially during this time when most people have been rendered jobless and being forced to stay at home. Bestilaya hopes to provide avenues in empowering the youths to innovate more and become more self- Seated far right, Ezabo Baron. Seated far right, Ezabo Baron, IEEE Photonics volunteer in Uganda working on AI platforms. sustaining. The team believes in the potential of the youths and the impact which can be realized through appropriate awareness and exposure, especially during this time of the example, Ezabo Baron who is the IEEE Photonics volunteer pandemic, in realizing how innovation and entrepreneur- in Uganda is also pursuing ground breaking project with a ship is very important. team of developers. They are developing the world’s first Vir- Despite the inconveniences caused by the COVID-19 pan- tual Trade City called Woxsan City that will use computer vi- demic, it is also an awakening call that we can still achieve sion and artificial intelligence to link the business community more. Adoption of online platforms is taking lead and many to the end users. Woxsan City is the world’s first Artificial are loving it. Online photonics webinars and content especially Intelligence powered city being developed by the lead team from leading scientists and researchers have become handy es- in Uganda among other regions. It will have online banking, pecially in this time when we are in dire need of connection. digital shopping platforms for e-Commerce, virtual offices, This is perhaps something that is making us realize that de- and entertainment, among others. spite the challenges there are still more opportunities in shar- Ezabo says, “We hope to mitigate challenges that have been cre- ing knowledge and impact the Society. ated by COVID-19 by using the virtual trade city platform to help Stay Safe! Be Safe!

20 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 The University of Warsaw’s Student Branch Chapter Online Transformation

“Houston, We’ve Got a Challenge”

Since the very beginning of the University of Warsaw Student port we all need under the current conditions. Secondly, we Branch Chapter, face-to-face meetings were the cornerstone of accepted the offer from the IEEE Photonics Society and invited our activities. Twice a month we were attending the presen- Liam Barry, IEEE Photonics Society Distinguished Lecturer, tation of an invited speaker or discussing our current activi- from Dublin City University. He delivered an online lecture ties and plans for the next months. After those meetings, we for us and it was a great experience. We are looking forward to regularly moved to a local pub to continue our discussions. We inviting more lecturers! were not expecting that this was going to change. For all of us, one of the core values of the Chapter is support- In March 2020, we woke up in a completely different real- ing our members in their personal and professional growth. To ity. Suddenly, our Student Branch Chapter had to redefine how achieve this goal, we secured funding and organized an on- we were going to build our community and how we were go- line workshop with professional scientific coaches from Berlin. ing to support our members because current communication They provided great insight on topics such as self-management channels ceased to exist. Firstly, we established biweekly online as well as time and project management. You can see a beauti- meetings to keep up with discussions on our future projects, ful screenshot of our Chapter participating in this activity. such as planning the MiniModes Photonics School 2020 that The last few months have changed the way we communi- kicked-off in 2019 with support from the IEEE Photonics So- cate and learned that our old ways of connecting weren’t neces- ciety. Instead of our regular pub trip, our meetings are now sarily perfect. We are working hard to adjust ourselves to new followed by a social part – we play online games and have fun. realities, but at the same time, we are excited to see what the Those events united our community and provided the sup- next months will bring us!

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 21 IDL 2020 Virtual Symposium: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

The IEEE Photonics Society Student Chapter, IIT Guwahati Prof Ashok Mahapatra, NISER Bhubaneshwar, “Dynamical jointly with SPIE Student chapter, IIT Guwahati organized a Vir- phase transition in mirrorless optical parametric oscillator.” tual Symposium, for over 1650 registrants, to celebrate Interna- The event was started by Dr. Gagan Kumar (Faculty advisor, tional Day of Light with the Department of Physics on 16th May, IEEE Photonics Society Student Chapter, IIT Guwahati) with a 2020. The workshop received an overwhelming response from welcome address to all the speakers and participants. Mr. Rakesh the scientific community in Optics and Photonics, including Sarkar, President of IEEE Photonics Society Student Chapter, IIT undergraduate students, postgraduate students, research scholars Guwahati briefed the audience with the various event and activities and faculty members. Several eminent professors across the globe organized by the IEEE Photonic Society student chapter recently. delivered lectures covering different area of Optics and Photonics The event was conducted through Google Meet and also in this event. live streamed on YouTube. Questions asked by the participants Speakers included: Prof Brian Culshaw, University of were answered by the speakers at the end of each lecture. Strathclyde, Glasgow, “Photonics-what is it and where might it An interactive session with the participants was also conduct- lead?”; Prof. Kishan Dholakia, University of St. Andrews (UK), ed where queries related to research and collaboration opportu- “Let nothing slow you down: Optical trapping in vacuum.”; nities in optics were answered. The student members, Rakesh Prof Martin Booth, Oxford University, UK, “Adaptive optics Sarkar, Angana Bhattacharya, Dhriti Maurya, Sumit Goswami, for microscopy and photonic engineering.”; Prof. Ranjan Singh, and Bhoirav Bhowmick played an active role in arranging vari- NTU, Singapore, “Topological Photonics for 6G Communica- ous things related to event and organizing it successfully. After tions.”; Dr Naresh Chand, AVP, Chapter Relations, IEEE Pho- the event, the participants were provided e-certificates upon the tonics Society, “Photonics Opportunities and Challenges in In- submission of feedback form. dia.”; Prof Sudipta Maiti, TIFR, India, “Laser finds “happiness” To view the recordings of the presentations, visit YouTube How laser microscopy is helping us understand our brains.”; Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24n6fEenDC4

22 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 IEEE COVID-19 HUB: IEEE On the Front Lines Members developing cutting-edge tech to combat COVID-19 and other news about members.

IEEE Sections Receive Grants for Their Innovative Ways of Helping to Fight the Coronavirus The IEEE Humanitarian Activities Committee and the IEEE Special Interest Group on Humanitarian Technology joined forces to award grants to IEEE volunteer projects that could immediately impact the fight against the coronavirus and its effects. The technologies and programs being developed by various IEEE sections include ones that are intended to supple- ment online education, help stop the spread of the virus, and provide support to medical professionals. The grants, totaling more than US $226,000 as of press time, were given to more than 50 projects in 21 countries. Updated information can be found here. Below are six projects that were awarded grants of $5,000, PHOTO CREDITS: ABHISHEK APPAJI CREDITS: PHOTO the highest amount a project could receive. Members of the IEEE Bangalore Section design personal protec- The IEEE Columbus [Ohio] Section, in collaboration with tion items, including a finger protection cover, a grabber, a door local community groups and eight nonprofits, is developing opener, and an elbow-operated soap dispenser with a 3D printer. systems for a self-sustaining urban farm in Columbus’s Milo Grogan neighborhood. African Americans—who make up more than 80 percent of residents there—have been dispropor- Adebayo. The PPE are made from tight-woven cotton fabric tionally affected by the virus. About 45 percent of the neigh- that is sewn by hand or by a sewing machine, he says. Many of borhood’s residents live below the poverty line, according to a the city’s residents live in camps and are internally displaced 2016 study by the nonprofit Greater Ohio Policy Center, mak- persons—those who were forced to flee their homes but remain ing it difficult to afford healthy food, like fresh produce. within Nigeria’s borders. The IEEE section is developing automated lighting and wa- IEEE Ecuador Section: Volunteers from the IEEE Ecuador tering systems for the urban farm. The lighting system’s cycles Section and members of the IEEE student branch at Escuela will be determined by the type of LEDs being used in a specific Superior Politecnica del Litoral, in Guayaquil, are developing area of the farm and the growth stage of the produce in that an online digital literacy program to teach basic programming area, according to IEEE Senior Member Carl Lee. The water to high school students. system’s schedule will be based on the type of plant, the grow- The educational system on the Galápagos Islands, located ing medium used, and the type of nutrient mixtures that are off the coast of Ecuador, is not equipped to offer online classes added to the growing medium. because instructors lack computer literacy. The goal of the pro- The Milo Grogan 365 Fresh Produce Farm will provide lo- gram is for the high school students on the Galápagos Islands cal restaurants and residents, who will also manage the farm, to teach basic programming and digital applications virtually with organic produce year-round. The farm, which is expected to others. Members of the IEEE student branch will serve as to start food production in 2021, will also create jobs and rev- mentors and facilitators. enue for the neighborhood. IEEE Bangalore Section: Residents of the underserved com- The IEEE Nigeria Section is building a robot that can munity of Siddapura, in Bangalore, India, have no way to quickly detect whether a person has COVID-19 symptoms, by, protect themselves against the coronavirus. To help them, the for example, checking for low blood oxygen levels and elevated IEEE Bangalore Section is using a 3D printer to produce per- body temperature. The IEEE section’s robot will use machine- sonal protection kits. The kit includes a finger protection cover learning algorithms and absolute accuracy metrics to ensure (to protect the wearer from exposure to the virus), a printed that the measurements are precise. The robot will be formally handy (to hold or grab items), a door opener, and an elbow- commissioned by the Nigerian government in November, ac- operated soap dispenser. cording to IEEE Senior Member Kennedy Chinedu Okafor. IEEE Uganda Section: Low-cost, foot-operated hand-wash- The section is also developing a program to train city leading systems with soap and water dispensers are being developed ers in Jos, in the Plateau State, to make alcohol-based hand by the IEEE Uganda Section. The systems will be installed by sanitizer and create personal protection equipment. The hand IEEE members on university campuses in Uganda that have sanitizer is being made from a mixture of either grounded cam- an IEEE student branch. The units will be made using locally phor or wild spinach as well as ethanol, glycerin, and lavender available materials and will not require electricity. Therefore, oil, according to IEEE Senior Member John Oyewole Funso- they could also be installed in remote, off-grid communities.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 23 PHOTO CREDIT: ROOTS UP ROOTS CREDIT: PHOTO Once completed, the Milo Grogan urban farm will house shipping containers holding hydroponic food racks similar to the smaller prototype pictured here. PHOTO CREDIT: JOHN OYEWOLE FUNSO-ADEBAYO JOHN OYEWOLE CREDIT: PHOTO Engineers, including IEEE Senior Member John Oyewole Funso-Adebayo [second from the right], present masks and hand sanitizer to community leaders in Jos, Nigeria.

Attention IEEE members: Are you part of a team responding to the some way, let us know. Send us accounts of anywhere from 200 to 800 COVID-19 crisis? We want to hear from you! Wherever you are and words, or simply give us a rough idea of what you are doing and your whatever you are doing, if you are helping deal with the outbreak in contact information. Write to:[email protected]

24 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 COVID-19: Pre-University & STEM Outreach Resources Available

As schools close, many teachers are looking for options to transition their curriculums to home learning. Ad- ditionally, many parents and guardians are looking for online activities to keep their children educated and entertained. Together with TryEngineering, the IEEE and its Societies have curated free resources available to support teachers and parents during this unprecedented and challenging time. Resources include: Instructables Teachers: committed to helping teachers inspire, engage, and prepare students through hands-on projects to make in the classroom. Our goal is to provide education to all who need it. This includes contests, beginner classes, courses, les- son plans, etc. “We promote hands-on student activities for classroom, informal and after school activities. We use Instructables with K-12 students, in professional development workshops FAMILIES TECHNOVISION CREDIT: PHOTO for teachers, and for student inspiration for energy projects and competitions. We share your site at every teacher workshop, telling for the future. Open P-TECH includes ad-hoc resources and them they must get on your mailing list!,” P. Hall, Energy Educator. career exploration with industry-relevant learning tools. Par- Learn more, here: www.instructables.com/teachers ticipants can gain free access to digital badges from IBM and Technovision Families: An Artificial Intelligence (AI) Pro- other partners that boost LinkedIn profiles and resumes. gram that empowers children and their families to become Learn more, here: www.ptech.org/open-p-tech leaders and innovators of the future. And because they want IEEE Photonics Society’s Education Committee: supports every child to have the opportunity to build the future, Tech- STEM Outreach that provides volunteers and educators with novation Families is 100% free. light-based science kits and on-demand curriculum. The goal Technovation Families is a hands-on AI education program is to introduce more young minds to light sciences and provide that brings families, schools, communities, and industry men- programs to sustain their interests. tors together to give everyone the chance to learn, play and Our hope is help parents and teachers with remote learning create with AI. options during this global pandemic. The lessons associated Learn more, here: www.curiositymachine.org with the kits assist K-20 students with a better understanding NASA @ Home: NASA is now offering free resources for of how light and ‘photonics’ impacts the world around them. parents, teachers and citizen scientists who would like to con- These kits are given out on first-come-first-serve basis. tribute to hands-on learning activities and ongoing communal The main kit provided contains three high quality light research. This includes E-Books, Podcasts, Video Instructions, sources (LEDS), a set of lenses and curriculum for ages 8-13. Virtual Tours and modules for grades K-4, 5-8 and 9-12. If volunteers are interested in curriculum for classrooms K-12 Learn more, here: https://www.nasa.gov/stem to compliment the kit, additional curriculum can be found for Open P-Tech: provides free digital learning and design free download at LaserClassroom.com. competitions on the tech skills of tomorrow. IBM and its col- Members who are grandparents are also encouraged to ap- laborators have created this platform to expose participants ply. You can ship the kit to a different name/address, if needed. with tech and professional skills that are expected to be critical To sign-up, visit: https://bit.ly/30wOcdT

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 25 Conference vPVSC: Virtual 2020 IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference

As a proud technical co-sponsor of The conference included special diversity events programs, the 2020 IEEE Photovoltaics Spe- including a Women in PV Luncheon. The lunch was run as cialists Conference (PVSC), the a virtual 90-minute session, facilitated by Jennifer Allyn and IEEE Photonics Society has sup- Anne Weisberg who are experienced diversity leaders and PV ported the conference’s conver- experts. Drawing on the latest research, they dived into the sion to an online event, from June root causes of gender gap issues in STEM. Women represent 15th to August 21st, 2020. It is only 32% of the workforce in the renewable energy industry intended that the PVSC will be a and still hold less than 20% of top jobs across all areas of busi- means to allow the photovoltaics ness today. This disparity starts at the management level, wid- community to continue to share its research and connect with ens at each stage of the talent pipeline, and results in a dearth each other during these difficult times. Over 730 papers were of women senior leaders. Closing this gender gap requires in- submitted and read in the first two weeks alone. tentional transformation—both at the individual and organi- Live plenary events include: “Hot Carrier Solar Cells: Current zational levels. Status and Bottlenecks; “Special Session: Towards 100% Renewable Another event was a “Minority Carriers Panel,” devised Energy”; “Battle Royale on Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells”; etc. for diverse conference participants and their allies to identify Specifically, during the “Hot Car- rier Solar Cells” session several experts in the community discussed the evo- lution of hot carrier solar cell as a device that offers the potential to reduce thermalization losses in the material and could potentially double the efficiency of single junction solar cells (30% to > 60%), which would be a significant breakthrough for the photovoltaics community. Recent progress towards the realization of hot carrier solar cells in which several experimental works have demonstrated the potential of such systems. Despite this progress several significant challenges remain. It is expected this new progress and the outlook for this field in general, will stimulate considerable debate from both the panel and the wider live audience. The Top 5 viewed papers have been: “Energy Yield and Clipping Loss Corrections for Hourly Inputs in Climates with Solar Variability,” Area 8, Mark A. Mikofski; “It’s time to Integrate Roof and Solar,” Area 4, Gabriela Bunea; “Diffusion Profiles Beneath Silicon Heterojunction Contacts Reduce Contact Resistivity and Increase Efficiency,” Area 4, William Weigand; “Solar Data Tools: Automatic Solar Data Processing Pipeline,” Area 9, Bennet E. Meyers; and “Novel Epitaxial Lift-Off for Flexible, Inexpensive GaAs “Solar4Students: School Pavilions” Solar Pitch Video Competition winners. Watch video here: https:// Solar Cells,” Area 3, Sahil Sharma. bit.ly/3jonFIm.

26 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 problems within the PV community and generate solutions to make the PV community accurately representative of the communities it serves. Prof. Kimberle Williams Crenshaw, a full time professor at UCLA School of Law and Columbia Law School developed the theory of intersectionality. The main ar- gument in her paper introducing intersectionality was the in- terconnected nature of an individual’s various social identities. School Pavilions,” by lyssa Dora Cortez & Jawed Nur, incoming Crenshaws’ paper focused on black feminism and covered race/ 12th graders from Bioscience High School, Phoenix Arizona; gender but intersectionality applies to any set of intersecting “Bon City,” by Jazmine Cordon, incoming 9th grader from Se- marginalized identities. villa West Middle School. You can read the original call for During this diversity event, attendees were encouraged submissions and recorded talks, here: https://bit.ly/3fQE1XY to submit questions, from the lens of their own identities, so For the past 40-years PVSC has also held an IEEE Sun Run, that the Crenshaw could bring them to the forefront of discus- which was held virtually too. PVSC runners have been encour- sion. Key Q&A Takeaways from this event can be found, here: aged to clock their times and share photos of their 5 km runs. https://bit.ly/2OKB67o Several sponsored awards were presented as well: 2020 IEEE This year, PVSC held two Middle & High School Compe- William Cherry Award; IEEE Stuart R. Wenham Young Pro- titions for students: Solar Energy Video Pitch, and, a Future fessional Award; Best Student Presentation Award; etc. Details Narratives series. The first place winners were: “Solar4Students: on the winners can be found here: www.ieee-pvsc.org/PVSC47

Virtual PVSC IEEE SUN RUN participant pictures. PVSC runners have been encouraged clock their times and share photos of their 5 km runs.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 27

BIGSS 2020 – Virtual Summer School (August 25th – 29th 2020)

BIGSS 2020 summer school will go virtual this year and we want your help to make it the most inclusive Summer School ever. The deadline for abstract submission is Wednesday 18th of July 2020 and authors will be notified by the 28th of July 2020.

BIGSS 2020 will include:

• Five days of lectures by world leaders in Biophotonics and Imaging (Details of topics given below) • Highly interactive online poster sessions • Live Q&A sessions within the web conferencing platform

The registration fees have been considerably reduced to enable remote access to the widest audience possible, namely:

- The registration fee for attendees (not presenting) is waived: 0€. This includes a free access to the Summer School.

- The fee for students presenting posters is *50 €

(* Students can request a scholarship to have the fee waived. Decision will be based on need and merit of abstract. For details, please contact [email protected])

We do hope that you will take this opportunity to discuss your research work and interact with renowned researchers.

Prof. Martin J. Leahy Chair of Applied Physics National University of Ireland, Galway

28 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020

DetailsDetails of lecturesof lectures and and topics topics covered covered

SteveSteve Jacques Jacques (Tufts (Tufts University University)University): Tissue): Tissue Optics Optics and and Laser Laser-TissueLaser-Tissue-Tissue Interactions Interactions OriginsOrigins of optical of optical properties; properties; Measurements Measurements of opticalof optical properties properties - lookup - lookup tables; tables; Monte Monte Carlo Carlo simulations;simulations; Coupling Coupling tissue tissue optics optics into into modelling modelling of ofphotochemical, photochemical, photothermal photothermal and and photomechanicalphotomechanical effects. effects.

LauraLaura Waller Waller (Berkeley): (Berkeley): Computational Computational Imaging Imaging BasicBasic background background concepts: concepts: imaging, imaging, point point spread spread functions, functions, resolution, resolution, contrast contrast mechanisms. mechanisms. ImagingImaging and andscanning scanning microscopes. microscopes. Fluorescence Fluorescence microscopy. microscopy. Confocal Confocal and andmultiphoton multiphoton microscopy.microscopy. Computational Computational methods methods.methods. .

MartinMartin Booth Booth (Oxford (Oxford University University): Advanced): Advanced Microscopy Microscopy WideWide-field-field sectioning sectioning methods. methods. Super Super-resolution-resolution microscopy microscopy (single (single molecule, molecule, structured structured illumination,illumination, STED). STED). Aberrations Aberrations and andadaptive adaptive optics. optics. Imaging Imaging through through scattering scattering media. media.

DavidDavid Sampson Sampson (University (University(University of Surrey): of Surrey): Optical OpticalOptical Coherence Coherence Tomography Tomography (OCT) (OCT) MotivatingMotivating medical medical microscopy, microscopy, tissue tissue optics optics basics, basics, OCT OCT basic basic principles, principles, OCT OCT image image characteristics,characteristics, OCT OCT extensions extensions – parametric – parametric imaging, imaging, angiography, angiography, elastography, elastography, birefringence, birefringence, examplesexamples of clinicalof clinical applications applications of OCT:of OCT: burns, burns, airways airways – sleep – sleep apnoea, apnoea, asthma, asthma, COPD, COPD, breast breast cancer.cancer.

CarolineCaroline Boudoux Boudoux (University (University of Montreal): of Montreal): Endoscopy Endoscopy InstrumentationInstrumentation for infor vivo in vivo imaging. imaging. Fibre Fibre types types (single-mode, (single-mode, multimode, multimode, double-clad, double-clad, photonicphotonic crystals crystals and andfiber fiber bundles), bundles), couplers, couplers, scanners, scanners, and anddetection detection schemes. schemes. ChalleChallengesnges associated associated with with handheld, handheld, laparoscopic laparoscopic and and endoscopic endoscopic applications applications of of spectroscopy,spectroscopy, OCT, OCT, confocal confocal and andnonlinear nonlinear microscopy. microscopy.

SarahSarah Bohndiek Bohndiek (University (University(University of Cambridge): of Cambridge): Photoacoustics Photoacoustics A historicalA historical perspective; perspective; Basic Basic principles principles of photoacoustic of photoacoustic signal signal generation, generation, ImagingImaging instrumentation: instrumentation: microscopy microscopy and andtomography; tomography; Basic Basic principles principles of image of image formation formation and and processing;processing; Multi MultiMulti-modal-modal-modal combinations; combinations; Biological Biological and and translational translational applications. applications.

ArjunArjun G. Yodh G. Yodh (University (University of Pennsylvania): of Pennsylvania): Brain Brain Neurophotonics Neurophotonics DiffuseDiffuse optics optics theory theory and andexperimental experimental methodology methodology for measurementfor measurement of brain of brain tissue tissue scattering, scattering, chromophorechromophore concentrations, concentrations, blood blood flow flow and, and, in combination in combination or with or with other other techniques, techniques, for for measurementmeasurement of cerebral of cerebral oxygen oxygen metab metabolism,metabolism,olism, autoregulation, autoregulation, resting resting-stateresting-state-state networks, networks, and andother other biomarkers.biomarkers. Selected Selected optical optical microscopies microscopies in the in thecontext context of neuroimaging. of neuroimaging. Pre -Pre-clinicalPreclinical-clinical and andclinical clinical examples.examples.

BrianBrian Wilson Wilson (University (University(University of Toronto): of Toronto): Principles Principles and and Clinical Clinical Translation Translation of Light of Light- and- and Nano Nano-Based-Based-Based TherapeuticsTherapeutics and and Interventional Interventional Guidance Guidance Phototherapeutics,Phototherapeutics, primarily primarily photodynamic photodynamic and andphotothermal. photothermal. Optical Optical spectroscopies spectroscopies and and imagingimaging for interventionfor intervention guidance, guidance, particularly particularly surgery. surgery. Phototherapeutics Phototherapeutics and andinterventional interventional guidanceguidance using using opti optically-activeopticallycally-active-active nanoparticles nanoparticles.nanoparticles. .

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 29 August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 29 Publications

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Biophotonics

Submission Deadline: October 1, 2020

Hard Copy Publication: July/August 2021

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in Biophotonics. The emerging field of Biophotonics has opened up new horizons for extensive transfer of state-of-the-art technologies coming from the areas of quantum electronics, lasers and electro-optics to the life sciences and medicine. Recently developed innovative biophotonics technologies impose significant impact on biomedical research and public health, since they provide advanced minimally invasive, rapid and cost-effective techniques for precise diagnostics, monitoring and treatment of a variety of diseases. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics invites manuscript submissions in the area of Biophotonics. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to highlight the recent progress and trends in developing leading-edge biophotonics technologies. Areas of interest include (but are not limited to): Advanced biophotonics imaging, sensing and diagnostic methods and systems  Emerging biophotonics imaging techniques including cellular/intracellular, molecular, 3D endoscopic, translational clinical, photoacoustic, photothermal, diffuse, phase-sensitive, OCT, confocal, terahertz, machine learning, microscopic and multi-photon in-vivo bioimaging  Spectroscopy-based diagnostics including fluorescence, Raman, elastic scattering, evanescence-wave, near-/mid-IR spectroscopy  Novel biophotonics sensing techniques  Multi-modal biophotonics diagnostics Progress in minimally-invasive biophotonics therapeutic techniques  Ultrashort pulse laser tissue therapeutics  Precise laser tissue manipulation in ophthalmology, dentistry, dermatology, cardiology, neurosurgery, photodynamic cancer therapy  Robotic and imaging guided targeted laser surgery  Novel photobiomodulation therapeutic techniques and dominant light-tissue-interaction mechanisms at cellular and tissue level  Light-assisted nerve and neuron-growth stimulation, cellular/tissue repair, optogenetics, photoimmunotherapy  optical and laser radiation safety evaluation and dosimetry Development of novel laser, fiber-optic and electro-optic biophotonics tools and devices The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Ilko Ilev, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA. The Guest Editors are: David Nolte, Purdue University, USA; Qiyin Fang, McMaster University, Canada; Giuliano Scarcelli, University of Maryland, USA; Yuji Matsuura, Tohoku University, Japan; William Calhoun, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; and Thomas Huser, University of Bielefeld, Germany. The deadline for submission of manuscripts is October 1, 2020. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for July/August 2021.

Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normally posted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of the final files being uploaded by the author(s) on ScholarOne Manuscripts. Posted preprints have digital object identifiers (DOIs) assigned to them and are fully citable. Once available, the preprints are replaced by final copy-edited and XML-tagged versions of manuscripts on IEEE Xplore. This usually occurs well before the hardcopy publication date. These final versions have article numbers assigned to them to accelerate the online publication; the same article numbers are used for the print versions of JSTQE. For inquiries, please contact: IEEE Photonics Society JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz (Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected]) The following documents located at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho are required during the mandatory online submission. 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory, photographs are optional. See the Tools for Authors link: www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html. JSTQE uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts and previously published papers. Authors should ensure that relevant previously published papers are cited and that instances of similarity are justified by clearly stating the distinction between a submitted paper and previous publications. 30 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Nanobiophotonics

Submission Deadline: December 1, 2020

Hard Copy Publication: September/October 2021

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in Nanobiophotonics. Nanobiophotonics is an advanced field of modern science and biomedical nanotechnology. It has been leading recently to the development of innovative nanotechnologies that provide noninvasive optical imaging, sensing, precise diagnostics and therapeutics at cellular, intracellular and molecular levels with an unprecedented ultrahigh resolution beyond the diffraction barrier in the sub-wavelength nanoscale range (below 100 nm). The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area of Nanobiophotonics. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to highlight the recent progress and trends in developing of leading-edge nanobiophotonics technologies. Areas of interest include (but not limited to):  Novel approaches in ultrahigh-resolution nanoimaging and nanoscopy beyond the diffraction limit in the nanoscale range  In-vivo cellular/intracellular nanobiophotonics imaging and sensing  Single molecule spectroscopy and imaging  Plasmonic, quantum-dot, surface-enhanced Raman, and infrared nanoparticle biosensor probes  Nanoparticle-enhanced optical diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics  Advanced cancer nanobiophotonics  Nonlinear ultrahigh-resolution imaging and diagnostics  Optical manipulation of nanoparticles  Monitoring biomolecular interactions, structures, and functions on the nanoscale  Novel nanobiomaterials engineered for nanobiophotonics applications  Noninvasive biophotonics methods for characterizing nanobiomaterials  Biocompatibility and phototoxicity of novel nanobiomaterials  Emerging nanobiophotonics diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic devices The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Ilko Ilev, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA. The Guest Editors are: Andrea Armani, University of Southern California, USA; James Tunnell, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Beop-Min Kim, Korea University, Korea; Wei- Chuan Shih, University of Houston, USA; Andrew Fales, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; and Niko Hildebrandt, University of Paris, France. The deadline for submission of manuscripts is December 1, 2020. Hardcopy issue publication is scheduled for September/October 2021.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 31

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on

Semiconductor Lasers

Submission Deadline: April 1, 2021

Hard Copy Publication: January/February 2022

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area of Semiconductor Lasers. Topics can include:  UVB and UVC lasers, and quantum interband or intersubband cascade lasers, to extend operation wavelengths further into the ultra-violet and terahertz;  Nanoscale, sub-wavelength sized lasers;  Vertically emitting lasers, such as VCSELs, external cavity surface emitting lasers, and disc lasers;  High-power lasers, including beam combining, single-wavelength and multi-wavelength lasers, mode-locked and Q-switched lasers, and directly-modulated lasers;  Lasers based on novel semiconductor materials, such as germanium and silicon, transition-metal dichalcogenide, solution processed gain, and/or novel heterostructures, such as quantum dot, well and wire lasers;  Laser modeling and experimental characterization of, for example, gain, noise, nonlinearities and dynamics;  Integration of lasers on existing and non-native integration platforms, such as silicon and silicon nitride, through, e.g., wafer-bonding, transfer printing, and heteroepitaxy, and laser-enabled photonic integrated circuits. The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Martijn Heck, Aarhus University, Denmark, and Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. The Guest Editors are: Qing Gu, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA, Åsa Haglund, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Jonathan Klamkin, University of California Santa Barbara, USA, Shinji Matsuo, NTT, Japan, and Marc Sciamanna, CentraleSupélec, France. Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normally posted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of the final files being uploaded by the author(s) on ScholarOne Manuscripts. Posted preprints have digital object identifiers (DOIs) assigned to them and are fully citable. Once available, the preprints are replaced by final copy-edited and XML-tagged versions of manuscripts on IEEE Xplore. This usually occurs well before the hardcopy publication date. These final versions have article numbers assigned to them to accelerate the online publication; the same article numbers are used for the print versions of JSTQE. For inquiries, please contact: IEEE Photonics Society JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz (Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected]) The following documents are required during the mandatory online submission at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho. 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory, photographs are optional. See the Tools for Authors link: www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html. 2) MS Word document with full contact information for all authors as indicated below: Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Prof./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation, Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile, Email. JSTQE uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts and previously published papers. Authors should ensure that relevant previously published papers are cited and that instances of similarity are justified by clearly stating the distinction between a submitted paper and previous publications.

32 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Hybrid Integration for Silicon Photonics

Submission Deadline: August 1, 2021

Hard Copy Publication: May/June 2022 The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in Hybrid Integration for Silicon Photonics which is an advanced field of modern photonic integrated circuit (PIC) development by large scale accompanied with the ever added functionalities through the heterogenous integration and packaging by incorporating various best in-class materials and chips/chip-lets in order to meet the future products with new application demands, beyond the current industry focus on optical-interconnects centric transceiver alike. The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area of Hybrid integration for Silicon Photonics. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to highlight the recent progress in both research and development trend and industrial product implementation prospects, challenges and opportunities ahead, especially the new application demands and requirements on hybrid photonics platforms. Areas of interest include (but not limited to):  Silicon photonics hybrid integration and advancement  Heterogeneous integration scheme, such as through: Growth, Bonding, Membrane Transfer, etc.  Silica, silicon nitride-, AlN-photonics, etc.

 Hybrid Integrated materials, such as: InP, LiNbOx, VOx, Magneto-optic material, Phase-Change-Materials, etc.  Optical-, Opto-Electronics interposers, and chip-lets, Co-Packaging  Advanced Active Devices, e.g., Modulators, Tunable lasers  Optical interconnects, telecommunications  Microwave photonics  Photonic sensors, LiDAR  Optical Computing, AI and Deep-Learning  Quantum Photonics and Applications  Hybrid Integration and O/E IC Packaging (incl. Co-Packaging)  Product Development effort and Status The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Patrick Lo Guo-Qiang, Advanced Micro-Foundry Pte Ltd, Singapore. The Guest Editors are: Prof. Juejun Hu, MIT/USA; Dr. Xianshu Luo, AMF/Singapore; Prof. Joyce Poon, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Germany and University of Toronto/Canada; Prof. Dries Van Thourhout, Ghent University – IMEC/Belgium; Prof. Fengnian Xia, Yale University/USA. The deadline for submission of manuscripts is August 1, 2021. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for May/June 2022.

Unedited preprints of accepted manuscripts are normally posted online on IEEE Xplore within 1 week of the final files being uploaded by the author(s) on ScholarOne Manuscripts. Posted preprints have digital object identifiers (DOIs) assigned to them and are fully citable. Once available, the preprints are replaced by final copy-edited and XML-tagged versions of manuscripts on IEEE Xplore. This usually occurs well before the hardcopy publication date. These final versions have article numbers assigned to them to accelerate the online publication; the same article numbers are used for the print versions of JSTQE. For inquiries, please contact: IEEE Photonics Society, JSTQE Editorial Office. Chin Tan Lutz. Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected] The following documents located at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho are required during the mandatory online submission. 1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory, photographs are optional. See the Tools for Authors link: www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html. JSTQE uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts and previously published papers. Authors should ensure that relevant previously published papers are cited and that instances of similarity are justified by clearly stating the distinction between a submitted paper and previous publications.

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 33

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS on Machine Learning in Photonic Communication and Measurement Systems

Submission Deadline: October 1, 2021

Hard Copy Publication: July/August 2022

The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in Machine Learning for Photonic Communication and Measurements Systems. Introducing intelligence as well using machine learning to design the next generation of components and systems as well as measurement systems is an emerging line of research in the photonics community. The hope is that the machine learning will enable a new generation of transformative photonic components and systems that can outperform current solutions in terms of: performance, flexibility, reconfigurability and power consumption. The strength of machine learning is to find effective solutions for problems that are highly complex such as; realizing power efficient long-reach high-throughput optical communication systems, low-noise lasers, repetition rate and spectrally reconfigurable optical frequency combs, multi-purpose photonic integrated circuits, secure communication systems and performing measurements at the quantum limit. The purpose of this issue of JSTQE is to highlight the recent progress and trends in utilizing machine learning techniques for developing next-generation of photonic communication and measurements systems. Areas of interest include (but are not limited to):

Optical components  Semiconductor and fibre based lasers devices  Optical frequency combs  Programmable multi-purpose photonic integrated circuits  Fibers  Optical amplifiers Optical communication systems  Flexible transmitters  Constellation shaping  Spectrum shaping  Fiber-optic channel impairment mitigation  Free-space optics Classical and quantum measurement systems  Biomedical imaging  Characterization of lasers and frequency combs  Quantum limited phase sensing  Quantum key distribution  State estimation in cavity opto-mechanics Optical networks  Performance monitoring  Optimization  Security

The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Darko Zibar, Technical University of Denmark. The Guest Editors are: Sergei Turitsyn, Aston University, United Kingdom; Bahram Jalali, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA; Keisuke Kojima, Mitsubishi Research Laboratory, (MERL), Boston, USA and Marija Furdek, Chalmers University of Technology.

The deadline for submission of manuscripts is October 1, 2021. Hardcopy publication of the issue is scheduled for July/August 2022.

For inquiries, please contact: IEEE Photonics Society JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz (Phone: 732-465-5813, Email: [email protected])

The following documents located at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho are required during the mandatory online submission.

1) PDF or MS Word manuscript (double column format, up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standard page limit will have an overlength charge of $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies of all authors are mandatory, photographs are optional. See the Tools for Authors link: www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html. JSTQE uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts and previously published papers. Authors should ensure that relevant previously published papers are cited and that instances of similarity are justified by clearly stating the distinction between a submitted paper and previous publications.

34 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020

Call for Papers

Announcing an Issue of the IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Special Issue on

IEEE Photonics Conference 2020 (IPC 2020)

Submission Deadline: January 15, 2021

Hard Copy Publication: May 15, 2021

The IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL) will publish a special issue featuring selected papers from the IEEE Photonic Conference 2020 (IPC2020), Vancouver, Canada scheduled for September 27th – October 1st 2020. This special issue offers an opportunity to expand accepted IPC2020 papers into IEEE Photonic Technology Letter papers, providing additional technical results and/or further discussions and insights, expanding beyond the 2-page IPC2020 papers. All invited and contributed papers presented at IPC 2020 conference are invited to submit the extended version (4-page compliant to IEEE PTL format) of their work to this special issue. All manuscripts submitted to this issue will go through the standard review process according to the PTL review guidelines.

Guest Editors: Zetian Mi, University of Michigan, USA Christina Lim, The University of Melbourne, Australia Weidong Zhou, University of Texas at Arlington, USA Dominique Dagenais, National Science Foundation, USA

Submissions by website: ScholarOne Manuscripts: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ptl-ieee Manuscript Type: “IPC2020” Submission questions: Sylvia Hinkson, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters ([email protected])

August 2020 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 35

Announcement of IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking (JOCN) Special Issue on Machine Learning Applied to QoT Estimation in Optical Networks

Submission Deadline: 8 September 2020 Publication Date: Spring 2021

Machine learning (ML) has been proposed for a variety of applications in optical networks, including lightpath quality-of-transmission (QoT) estimation. ML holds promise to expeditiously and accurately evaluate the performance of a proposed lightpath. It may involve tracking, and learning from, the characteristics of live connections, and extending this knowledge to future connections (possibly through transfer learning). There are numerous aspects that need further investigation, including: minimizing false positives while also minimizing the system margin; scalability with respect to data tracking, storage, and processing; capturing the relevant optical impairments with good accuracy; application to networks requiring regeneration; greenfield vs. brownfield scenarios; application to real-time dynamic adjustment of connection parameters; application to open/disaggregated networks. Furthermore, intermediary steps towards an ML-based approach should be investigated as network operators may be reluctant to adopt a completely new operational paradigm. The purpose of this special issue is to investigate the current status of, and future prospects for, ML-based QoT estimation, with a focus on practical application. Specifically, the scope of the special issue includes but is not limited to the following topics:  Novel practical application of ML for QoT estimation in optical networks. Must clearly demonstrate benefits as compared to more conventional techniques and to other ML-based approaches.  The application of ML-based QoT estimation in specific network environments: e.g., low-margin, open/disaggregated, multi-domain, greenfield, brownfield, dynamic, networks requiring regeneration  Modeling tools that work in concert with an ML approach to capture optical impairments  Analysis of which system features provide the most ‘bang for the buck’ for data tracking  ML-based classifier techniques (binary or binned) vs. finer ML-based QoT estimation methods  Judicious use of probes and/or optical monitors, and the cost impact  Using ML to improve the precision of input parameters for more traditional offline QoT tools  Vulnerabilities engendered by the use of ML-based QoT estimation

Submissions to the special issue should be prepared according to the usual standards for the Journal of Optical Communications and Networking and will undergo the normal peer review process. Manuscripts must be uploaded through OSA's online submission system specifying from the Feature Issue drop-down menu that the manuscript is for the issue on Machine Learning Applied to QoT Estimation in Optical Networks.

Special Issue Guest Editors Yvan Pointurier – Huawei Technologies, France – Lead Guest Editor Jelena Pesic – Nokia Bell Labs, France Cristina Rottondi - Politecnico di Torino, Italy Luis Velasco - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain

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Photonics Society Mission Statement Photonics Society shall advance the interests of its members and the laser, optoelectronics, and photonics professional community by: • providing opportunities for information exchange, continuing education, and professional growth; • publishing journals, sponsoring conferences, and supporting local chapter and student activities; • formally recognizing the professional contributions of members; • representing the laser, optoelectronics, and photonics community and serving as its advocate within the IEEE, the broader scientific and technical community, and society at large.

Photonics Society Field of Interest The Society’s Field of Interest is lasers, optical and photonic devices, optical fibers, and associated lightwave technology and their systems and applications. The society is concerned with transforming the science of materials, optical phenomena, and quantum electronic devices into the design, development, and manufacture of photonic technologies. The Society promotes and cooperates in the educational and technical activities which contribute to the useful expansion of the field of quantum opto-electronics and applications.

The Society shall aid in promoting close cooperation with other IEEE societies and councils in the form of joint publications, sponsorships of meetings, and other forms of information exchange. Appropriate cooperative efforts will also be undertaken with non-IEEE societies.

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40 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2020 PhotonicsJournal_AD2020.pdf 1 1/14/20 1:37 PM

photonicsieee An IEEE Photonics Society Publication journal

Breakthroughs in the generation of light and in its control and utilization have given rise to the field of Photonics, a rapidly expanding area of science and technology with major technological and economic impact. Photonics integrates quantum electronics and optics to accelerate progress in the generation of novel photon sources and in their utilization in emerging applications at the micro and nano scales spanning from the far-infrared/THz to the x-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The IEEE Photonics Journal welcomes original contributions addressing issues ranging from fundamental understanding to emerging technologies and applications.

The Journal includes topics in: • Photon sources from far infrared to X-rays • Fundamentals of light propagation and C • Photonics materials and engineered photonic interaction; nonlinear effects

M structures • Optical data storage

Y • Integrated optics and optoelectronic • Fiber optics and optical communications devices, systems, and technologies CM • Ultrafast, attosecond, high field and short

MY wavelength photonics • Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems (MOEMS)

CY • Biophotonics, including DNA photonics • Microwave photonics

CMY • Nanophotonics • Optical Sensors

K The high standards of editorial quality and peer review that you expect from a Photonics Society journal!

Average time-to-publication ISI Impact Factor: 2.729 Online Submission System on IEEE Xplore is 7 weeks via Manuscript Central 2019 Open Access Pricing: 15% Discount 5% Discount Pages Society Member Rate IEEE Member Rate Non-Member Up to 6 Pages $1,037 $1,159 $1,220

7-10 Pages $1,547 $1,729 $1,820

$125 per page over 10 pages, no member discounts on overlength

Special Circumstances: IEEE offers discounts for unemployed, minimum income and the permanently disabled.

To learn more and submit a paper, visit: www.photonicsjournal.org