Sonoran Tent Caterpillar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Pest Profile Photo credit: Bill Beaver, Bugguide.net Licensed under Creative Commons License Common Name: Sonoran Tent Caterpillar Scientific Name: Malacosoma tigris Order and Family: Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg Larva/Nymph black and orange stripes with blue lines crossing > 38.1 mm each body segment hairy to the touch Adult moth are brown to yellowish two faint lines across the front wings 25.4 mm (wingspan) head region will be somewhat furry Pupa (if applicable) cocoons constructed of silk, are loose and have a white or yellowish crystalline substance scattered throughout the mass Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Chewing (caterpillar) Host plant/s: Mostly Gamble oak but will feed on other oaks or deciduous trees. Description of Damage (larvae and adults): Fortunately, the Sonoran tent caterpillar is not much of a concern in regards to plant damage (forest tent caterpillars ARE a concern). However, tent caterpillars create silk shelters, which are very noticeable as they gather in large numbers/colonies. Furthermore, the only damage a person should look for is early season defoliation on stressed plants. References: Beaver, B. (2013). Catapillar 1:14 pm - Malacosoma tigris - BugGuide.Net. Retrieved February 07, 2016, from http://bugguide.net/node/view/774638/bgimage Cranshaw, W. (2010, February 23). Sonoran Tent Caterpillar. Retrieved February 07, 2016, from http://wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM:Malacosoma_tigris Cranshaw, W. S. (2013, June). Tent-Making Caterpillars - 5.583 - Colorado State University Extension. Retrieved February 07, 2016, from http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/insects/tent- making-caterpillars-5-583/ Jackman, J. A. (2004). Tent Caterpillars. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Retrieved February 07, 2016, from http://counties.agrilife.org/somervell/files/2015/03/tent-caterpillars.pdf .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

United States National Museum Bulletin 276
,*f»W*»"*^W»i;|. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 276 A Revision of the Genus Malacosoma Hlibner in North America (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): Systematics, Biology, Immatures, and Parasites FREDERICK W. STEHR and EDWIN F. COOK SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1968 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series. Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 276 of the Bulletin series.
[Show full text]
Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment / Edited by J.G
Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment This volume is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Victor Steenackers. Vic, as he was known to his friends, was born in Weelde, Belgium, in 1928. His life was devoted to his family – his wife, Joanna, his 9 children and his 23 grandchildren. His career was devoted to the study and improve- ment of poplars, particularly through poplar breeding. As Director of the Poplar Research Institute at Geraardsbergen, Belgium, he pursued a lifelong scientific interest in poplars and encouraged others to share his passion. As a member of the Executive Committee of the International Poplar Commission for many years, and as its Chair from 1988 to 2000, he was a much-loved mentor and powerful advocate, spreading scientific knowledge of poplars and willows worldwide throughout the many member countries of the IPC. This book is in many ways part of the legacy of Vic Steenackers, many of its contributing authors having learned from his guidance and dedication. Vic Steenackers passed away at Aalst, Belgium, in August 2010, but his work is carried on by others, including mem- bers of his family. Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment Edited by J.G. Isebrands Environmental Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, Wisconsin, USA and J. Richardson Poplar Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and CABI CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product.
[Show full text]
Leaf Nitrogen Content and Tent Temperature As Possible Drivers of Oviposition Site Selection by the Eastern Tent Moth, Malacosoma Americanum
Leaf Nitrogen Content and Tent Temperature as Possible Drivers of Oviposition Site Selection by the Eastern Tent Moth, Malacosoma americanum Ariana Bostian-Kentes Katie Riedlinger Mollie Rostad Rita Yonkers University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, Michigan ABSTRACT Fitness of semelparous species is highly dependent on availability of resources necessary for growth. Females of the eastern tent moth, Malacosoma americanum have been observed to prefer trees of smaller biomass for oviposition sites, thereby exposing their offspring to a higher risk of defoliation and thus, starvation. However, if smaller trees had higher tent temperatures and/or higher leaf nitrogen content, both of which would result in faster growth rates, than it may be advantageous for a female moth to oviposit on smaller trees. To test whether a negative correlation exists between tree biomass and nitrogen content and/or tent temperature, data was gathered for 20 trees of varying sizes, and correlation-regression tests were performed. No significant negative correlations were obtained that could suggest an advantage of oviposition preference for trees of smaller biomass. In fact, the only statistically significant results were positive correlations between tree biomass and tent temperature, most of which occurred at 9:00 pm. Therefore, it would appear that the eastern tent moths' oviposition preference for smaller trees is either maladaptive, or adaptive for other reasons yet unknown. Introduction Natural selection results in behavioral adaptations that increase an organism's fitness. However, due to fluctuations in the environment, certain behaviors may be adaptive under some conditions and maladaptive under others. Under such oscillating selection, behavioral adaptations may be favored because they ultimately increase fitness despite the potential for short periods of maladaptive behavior.
[Show full text]
Malacosoma Americanum
EPPO quarantine pest Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Malacosoma americanum IDENTITY Name: Malacosoma americanum Fabricius Taxonomic position: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Common names: Eastern tent caterpillar, orchard tent caterpillar, apple tent caterpillar (English) Livrée d'Amerique (French) Amerikanischer Ringelspinner (German) Bayer computer code: MALAAM EPPO A1 list: No. 276 HOST M. americanum is an oligophagous species, whose preferred hosts are wild cherries (Prunus serotina, P. pennsylvanica, P. virginiana), wild apples (Malus coronaria) and other Rosaceae. During outbreaks, the caterpillars also feed on a large variety of hosts, e.g. Acer rubrum, A. saccharum, Alnus spp., Amelanchier spp., Berberis vulgaris, Betula alleghaniensis, B. papyrifera, Carya illinoinensis, Corylus spp., Crataegus spp., Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana, F. excelsior, Hamamelis spp., Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, Populus balsamifera, P. grandidentata, Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Rosa spp., Salix spp., Sorbus spp., Tilia americana and Ulmus thomasii. The following fruit trees are also recorded hosts: apples (Malus pumila), peaches (Prunus persica), plums (P. domestica), but not cherries (P. avium). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION M. americanum is common and widespread in the eastem part of the United States as far west as the Rocky Mountains, and in southern Canada. In the west, it is replaced by M. californicum and other species (see below). EPPO region: Absent. North America: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, West Virginia). EU: Absent. It may be noted that related species, with similar host ranges, occur in other parts of North America: M. californicum pluviale, the western tent caterpillar, on many broad- leaved hosts (e.g.
[Show full text]
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
[Show full text]
Fall Webworm in Arizona Christopher Jones
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION AZ1627 May 2014 FALL WEBWORM IN ARIZONA Christopher Jones Fall webworms are caterpillars that commonly defoliate many broadleaf deciduous trees, such as cottonwood (Populus spp.), walnut (Juglans spp.), alder (Alnus spp.), chokecherry (Prunus spp.) and elderberry (Sambucus spp.). They also attack fruit, nut and ornamental shade trees and shrubs, including pecan (Carya spp.) and mulberry (Morus spp). Fall webworms are native to North America and are present throughout the country. Fall webworms are the species Hyphantria cunea (Family Arctiidae), of which the red-headed race is most common in Arizona. Activity in the state has appeared to increase in recent years, both in geography and host species. This insect’s most obvious sign is the caterpillars’ communal silken web that can be seen at the ends of the Figure 1. Adult moths of the fall webworm vary in coloration from white to branches during late summer and fall. Female adults lay spotted. Photo credit: John Pickering, discoverlife.org. eggs on leaves during the summer months, so defoliation by the caterpillars is most conspicuous in fall. Damage does not usually cause serious stress to trees. Treatment is not typically prescribed, especially in natural settings. High population effects The effects of fall webworms are most pronounced in autumn months, when populations of second generation moths have generated multiple webs on many trees in forested areas, so much so that entire trees and shrubs will appear to have been defoliated. While the webs and defoliation may cause a loss of visual quality for some people, entomologists recognize that damage to host’s health is typically minor as defoliation occurs in the late summer and fall.
[Show full text]
Tent Caterpillars
Home > Extension > Publications > E-Publications E-218 03-06 View at the Texas AgriLife Bookstore (PDF) Tent Caterpillars Wizzie Brown and John A. Jackman* *Extension Program Specialist—IPM; Professor and Extension Entomologist, The Texas A&M University System Tent caterpillars attack several kinds of broad-leaf trees and shrubs and produce unsightly webs, or tents, which can detract from the Figure 1. Eggs of the tent caterpillar Figure 2. Tent caterpillar larvae home landscape. These caterpillars can defoliate trees, stunting their growth and making them less vigorous. They can also be very common and thus a nuisance as they move around the exterior of a home. The keys to eliminating tent caterpillar problems are early detection, proper identification, and understanding of the life cycle and the use of appropriate cultural or chemical control measures. Four species of tent caterpillars are troublesome in Texas: the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum; the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum; the Sonoran tent caterpillar, Malacosoma tigris; and the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria. These species are closely related and have very similar life histories. Life Cycle In late spring or early summer, female moths deposit egg masses on tree trunks or encircling small twigs (Fig.1). These egg masses remain on the trees during most of the summer, fall and winter. The adult moth uses a sticky, frothy substance called spumaline to glue its eggs to bark or twigs. Spumaline also is used as a hard protective covering around the egg mass in all Texas species except the Sonoran tent caterpillar. Caterpillars, or larvae (Fig.
[Show full text]
Hyphantria Cunea)
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 6-1-2013 Host Use and Geographic Variation in Fall Webworms (Hyphantria cunea) Katrina J. Loewy University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Loewy, Katrina J., "Host Use and Geographic Variation in Fall Webworms (Hyphantria cunea)" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 379. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/379 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. HOST USE AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN FALL WEBWORMS (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA) __________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science __________ by Katrina J. Loewy June 2013 Advisor: Shannon M. Murphy ©Copyright by Katrina J. Loewy 2013 All Rights Reserved Author: Katrina J. Loewy Title: HOST USE AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN FALL WEBWORMS (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA) Advisor: Shannon M. Murphy Degree Date: June 2013 Abstract Host use in herbivores is determined by a variety of ecological drivers, including bottom-up and top-down selective pressures such as host abundance, host plant quality, and parasitism pressure. If the relative importance and strength of interactions among these selective conditions change over an herbivore’s geographic range, local patterns of host use should change in response, evident in differing diet breadths.
[Show full text]
Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W
Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W. Welter-Schultes Version 1.1 March 2013 Suggested citation: Welter-Schultes, F.W. (2012). Guidelines for the capture and management of digital zoological names information. Version 1.1 released on March 2013. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 126 pp, ISBN: 87-92020-44-5, accessible online at http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. ISBN: 87-92020-44-5 (10 digits), 978-87-92020-44-4 (13 digits). Persistent URI: http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. Language: English. Copyright © F. W. Welter-Schultes & Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2012. Disclaimer: The information, ideas, and opinions presented in this publication are those of the author and do not represent those of GBIF. License: This document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Document Control: Version Description Date of release Author(s) 0.1 First complete draft. January 2012 F. W. Welter- Schultes 0.2 Document re-structured to improve February 2012 F. W. Welter- usability. Available for public Schultes & A. review. González-Talaván 1.0 First public version of the June 2012 F. W. Welter- document. Schultes 1.1 Minor editions March 2013 F. W. Welter- Schultes Cover Credit: GBIF Secretariat, 2012. Image by Levi Szekeres (Romania), obtained by stock.xchng (http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1389360). March 2013 ii Guidelines for the management of digital zoological names information Version 1.1 Table of Contents How to use this book ......................................................................... 1 SECTION I 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 2 1.1. Identifiers and the role of Linnean names ......................................... 2 1.1.1 Identifiers ..................................................................................
[Show full text]
Why Hymenoptera – Not Coleoptera – Is the Most Speciose Animal Order
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/274431; this version posted March 14, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Quantifying the unquantifiable: 2 why Hymenoptera – not Coleoptera – is the most speciose animal order 3 4 Andrew A. Forbes, Robin K. Bagley, Marc A. Beer, Alaine C. Hippee, & Heather A. Widmayer 5 University of Iowa, Department of Biology, 434 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242 6 7 Corresponding author: 8 Andrew Forbes 9 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 12 13 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/274431; this version posted March 14, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 14 Abstract: We challenge the oft-repeated claim that the beetles (Coleoptera) are the most species- 15 rich order of animals. Instead, we assert that another order of insects, the Hymenoptera, are more 16 speciose, due in large part to the massively diverse but relatively poorly known parasitoid wasps. 17 The idea that the beetles have more species than other orders is primarily based on their 18 respective collection histories and the relative availability of taxonomic resources, which both 19 disfavor parasitoid wasps. Since it is unreasonable to directly compare numbers of described 20 species in each order, we present a simple logical model that shows how the specialization of 21 many parasitic wasps on their hosts suggests few scenarios in which there would be more beetle 22 species than parasitic wasp species.
[Show full text]
Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma Disstria Hübner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)1 James R
EENY-184 Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)1 James R. Meeker2 Introduction fluctuate between extremes on a somewhat regular sched- ule, typically increasing to outbreak proportions every The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, is six to 16 years (Myers 1993; USDA Forest Service 1996). the most widely distributed indigenous tent caterpillar in Outbreaks usually subside after two to four years of heavy North America (Furniss and Carolin 1977). The forest tent defoliation, but have persisted for up to six years (USDA caterpillar has been recognized as an important defoliator Forest Service 1996). Seldom are trees killed during such of a wide variety of deciduous hardwood trees throughout outbreaks and where tree mortality has occurred, it usually its range for many years (Batzer and Morris 1978). has not been substantial (Anderson 1960). Severe and Although this univoltine insect is called a tent caterpillar, repeated defoliation can, however, lead to dieback and/or it is unlike other Malacosoma species in that the larvae do reduced growth of affected trees, which in some instances not construct tents. Instead, forest tent caterpillars spin may be significant (Drooz 1985). silken mats on the trunks and large branches where they congregate to molt or rest from feeding. Larvae also deposit silk in strands along which they travel to and from feeding sites. The caterpillars themselves are relatively harmless to people (i.e., they do not bite or sting) although a few people have an allergic reaction to handling them. Populations of forest tent caterpillars occasionally or periodically attain outbreak proportions. During outbreaks, enormous numbers of caterpillars cause widespread and extensive defoliation of host trees, and may create an over- whelming nuisance to people encountering them.
[Show full text]
Gypsy Moth and Tent Caterpillars
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN EASTERN TENT AND GYPSY MOTH CATERPILLARS EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR NOT a cranberry pest, does not eat cranberry, and generally not found on the bog Figure 1. Eastern tent caterpillars are clearly identified by the white stripe running down the back and the presence of white silken tents in trees in early spring. The caterpillars are hairy with areas of blue, white, black, and orange. The eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) is not a cranberry pest. It is an early spring species in the family of snout moths. It produces one generation per year. The caterpillars are social and live in a group within a conspicuous white silken tent found in crotches of trees. It is sometimes confused with the gypsy moth and fall webworm. Females lay eggs almost exclusively on trees in the plant family Rosaceae, particularly cherry (Prunus) and apple (Malus). Sometimes full---grown caterpillars may wander onto bogs when searching for pupation (cocoon, metamorphosing stage) sites. GYPSY MOTH The gypsy moth is a classic cranberry pest that will eat your buds and destroy vines. The threshold is an average of 4.5 caterpillars/25 sweeps. Avaunt (FIFRA 2EE recommendation) and Delegate are best choices. Figure 2. Small gypsy moth caterpillars are hairy and totally black. As they mature, they are covered with long hairs and have prominent red and blue bumps down the length of the body. The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillar is often picked up in early spring sweeps. Eggs are laid in masses with a yellowish---tan covering. A bog may become infested when overwintering eggs hatch on the bog or when tiny caterpillars disperse from surrounding trees by letting out a silken thread that is picked up by the wind; thus, gypsy moth caterpillars may be more common on the bog edges facing hardwood trees.
[Show full text]